NO150286B - Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av en pulverformig vaskemiddelblanding - Google Patents

Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av en pulverformig vaskemiddelblanding Download PDF

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Publication number
NO150286B
NO150286B NO790300A NO790300A NO150286B NO 150286 B NO150286 B NO 150286B NO 790300 A NO790300 A NO 790300A NO 790300 A NO790300 A NO 790300A NO 150286 B NO150286 B NO 150286B
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catalyst
allene
isomerization
methylacetylene
activated
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NO790300A
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NO790300L (no
NO150286C (no
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Thomas Taylor
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Unilever Nv
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Publication of NO150286C publication Critical patent/NO150286C/no

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Description

Isomerisering av allen til metylacetylen.
Denne oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for isomerisering i dampfase av allen til metylacetylen.
I den følgende beskrivelse skal uttrykket «omdannelse» referere seg til det antall allenmolekyler som har reagert pr. mol til-ført allen og uttrykket «selektivitet» gjel-der det antall av metylacetylen som blir produsert pr. reagert mol allen, og uttrykket «utbytte» betegner det antall mol metylacetylen som er blitt produsert pr. til-ført mol allen.
Det er kjent å isomerisere allen til metylacetylen ved at allen i dampform og ved høy temperatur bringes i berøring med en Si02-Al203-katalysator som er blitt aktivert med fluor, fluorhydrogen eller et annet anorganisk fluorid. Denne fremgangsmåte medfører ulemper fordi det er vanskelig å håndtere de forskjellige giftige og korroderende fluoridmaterialer, in-klusive HF.
Blant den foreliggende oppfinnelses formål er å skaffe en forholdsvis enkel fremgangsmåte for isomerisering av allen til metylacetylen som gir øket utbytte av metylacetylenprodukt og hvor katalysato-rens levetid forlenges og hvor det ikke be-høves å anvende katalysatoraktivatorer som er sterkt korroderende og giftige.
Andre formål med og fordeler ved oppfinnelsen vil fremgå av den følgende beskrivelse.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen er det skaf-fet en fremgangsmåte for isomerisering av allen til metylacetylen, hvor allen i dampfase ved en temperatur av ca. 150—410°C bringes i berøring med en aluminiumoksyd-katalysator, idet det karakteristiske trekk består i at katalysatoren er aktivert med en halogenkarbonaktivator som har formelen CnHxHalyFz, i hvilken Hal er et halogenradikal, n betegner et helt tall fra 1 til 4, x betegner et helt tall fra null til 9, y betegner et helt tall fra null til 9 og z betegner et helt tall fra null til 10. Halo-genradikalet kan være klor, brom eller jod.
Den i isomeriseringsprosessen anvendte aktiverte Al203-katalysator fremstilles ved at en Al203-katalysator bringes i berøring med det ovennevnte halogenkarbon ved en temperatur som er tilstrekkelig høy til at halogenkarbonet spaltes ved berøringen med Al203-katalysatorpartiklene. På denne måte dannes det en aktivert isomerise-ringskatalysator som har forholdsvis lang katalysatorlevetid og som lett kan reakti-veres ved videre behandling med halogen-karbonaktivatoren. Ved bruk av slike aktiverte katalysatorer oppnås det dessuten forholdsvis stort utbytte av metylacetylen og stor omdannelse av reagert allen.
Aluminiumoksyd-katalysatoren som skal aktiveres behøver ikke å være et spe-sielt tilberedt eller høyt renset aktivert alumina. Det har vist seg at i handelen forekommende Al2Og-typer gir meget ak-tive katalysatorer for allenisomerisasjon. Blant foretrukne halogenkarbonakti-vatorer kan nevnes fluorform, tetrafluor-metan, diklordifluormetan, bromtrifluor-metan, klordifluormetan, 1,2-diklortetra-fluoretan og bromtrifluoretan. Den for spaltning av det anvendte halogenkarbon krevde aktiveringstemperatur avhenger av det spesielle halogenkarbon som benyttes, men det har vist seg at for de ovennevnte forbindelser er temperaturer fra ca. 350° til ca. 850°C egnet. Aktiveringsbehandiln-gen fortsettes fortrinsvis inntil det opptrer fritt klor, brom eller jod i gassutløpet fra aktiveringsreaksjonen, om enn også kort-varigere aktiveringsperioder kan gi katalysatorer som har tilstrekkelig sterk isome-riseringsaktivitet. Det har vist seg at det som regel behøves fra ca. 1 til 20 minutter for aktivering av aluminiumkatalysatorer med de ovennevnte typiske halogenkarbon-katalysatorer ved de nevnte aktiverings-temperaturer.
Fortrinsvis blir et katalysatorkammer til å begynne med fylt med kornet eller pelletisert aluminiumoksyd blandet med et inert, varmestabiliseren.de materiale, som f. eks. kvarts. Andre inerte, faste fortyn-ningsmidler som kan brukes i stedet for kvarts, for eksempel porselen, korund, og lignende. Hvis det ikke benyttes noe inert fortynningsmiddel har det lett for å inntre uønsket krakking av det tilførte hydro-karbon. Katalysatoren blir deretter aktivert ved at den foran nevnte halogenkarbonaktivator ledes over den ved en temperatur som er tilstrekkelig til å spalte halogenkarbonet. I gassform tilføres aktivatoren, ved sitt eget sylindertrykk, enten alene eller fortynnet med en inert gass, som f. eks. nitrogen. Flytende aktivatorer tilføres til katalysatorkammeret ved gjennombobling av en inert gass, slik at den resulterende gass-blanding føres til berøring med den opp-hetede Al203-katalysator.
En lignende arbeidsmåte benyttes for å reaktivere en Al203-katalysator etter at denne er blitt uvirksom ved langvarig eller uriktig bruk. Reaktiveringen utføres som en separat operasjon på den ovenfor beskrevne måte, eller kan utgjøre en del av en regene-reringscyklus i løpet av hvilken luft eller annen oksyderende gass eller damp føres inn i katalysatorkammeret, for å dekarbo-nisere katalysatoren. Ved reaktivering på den sistnevnte måte blir halogenkarbon-aktivatoren tilført til katalysatorkammeret alene eller i blanding med de regenererende gasser, og regenereringstemperaturen er som regel tilstrekkelig til å bevirke spaltning av halogenkarbonet i nærvær av Al203-katalysatoren. Hvis nødvendig tilfø-res det varme for å bevirke spaltning av aktivatoren.
Isomeriseringen kan foregå ved tilfø-ring av rent allen eller av en blanding av allen og andre lavmolekylære hydrokar-boner av den art som kan forefinnes i reak-sjonsblandinger som fåes ved fremstilling av allen. Den på ovenfor beskreven måte tilberedte katalysator bringes i berøring med det dampformede allen ved ca. 150— 410°C. Det har vist seg, at hvis isomeriseringen foretas ved under ca. 150°C inntrer det forholdsvis liten omdannelse av allenet, og at hvis det benyttes temperaturer over 410°C er omdannelsen fullstendig, men medfører at det også dannes forurensende sluttprodukter. Fortrinsvis foretas isomeriseringen ved ca. 200—400°C og som regel utføres den ved omtrent atmosfæretrykk.
Den gassformige isomeriseringsblan-ding ledes over katalysatoren i en mengde av fra ca. 50 til 1000 volumdeler gass pr. volumdel katalysatorrom, målt ved stan-dard temperatur og trykk (°C, og én atmo-sfæres trykk). Den anvendte strømnings-hastighet pr. volum varierer direkte med reaksjonstemperaturen, idet det anvendes større hastigheter for høyere isomerise-ringsreaksj ons tempera turer.
De følgende spesifikke eksempler be-lyser oppfinnelsen uten å begrense denne.
En blanding av like volumdeler bestå-ende av 42,4 g aktiverte aluminiumoksyd-granulater (teknisk grad F-10, fra Alumi-nium Corp. of America) og 68,9 g kvarts-partikler, ble anvendt i hvert av de føl-gende eksempler. 100 cm.3 av slik blanding ble anbragt i et katalysatorkammer og opp-hetes til en temperatur som er tilstrekkelig til å spalte halogenkarbonaktivator som til-føres. Gassformige aktivatorer tilføres ved sitt vanlige trykk, og eventuelle flytende aktivatorer tilføres ved at det blåses nitrogen gjennom dem. Aktiveringsprosessen fo-regår i 10 minutter ved atmosfærisk trykk. Den følgende tabell angir den anvendte aktiverte katalysator, betingelsene ved isomeriseringen og utbyttet av metylacetylen i en rekke forsøk:
Eksempel 7.
Den i henhold til ovenstående eks. 1 fremstilte katalysator ble reaktivert på føl-gende måte, etter at den var blitt anvendt i et stort antall av isomeriseringsoperasjo-ner: Etter behandling med nitrogen og luft for å brenne bort karbonholdige avsetnin-ger, som hadde dannet seg på katalysatoren, ble det til katalysatorkammeret tilført diklordifluormetan under de samme betingelser som ved den første aktivering. Her-etter ble det foretatt isomerisering av allen ved 280°C under tilføring av 165 volumdeler allendamp pr. time pr. volumdel katalysatorrom, hvorved 58,4 pst. av allenet reagerte og selektiviteten og utbyttet av metylacetylen var 94,3 pst. resp. 55 pst.
Eksempel 8.
En katalysator lignende den i eks. 3 benyttede ble fremstilt ved at det over alu-miniumoksydgranulatene ble ledet en blanding av 90 pst. luft og 10 pst. 1,2-diklor-tetrafluoretan ved 525°C. Når det deretter ble ledet allen over denne aktiverte katalysator ved 380°C i en mengde av 165 volumdeler allendamp pr. time pr. volumdel katalysatorrom reagerte 83,5 pst. av allenet og man fikk metylacetylen med en selektivitet på 70,7 pst. og et utbytte på 59 pst.
Eksempel 9.
En aktivert katalysator av den i eks. 1 angitte art ble anvendt for isomerisering av allen ved 210°C, hvor det ble tilført 165 volumdeler damp pr. time pr. volumdel katalysatorrom; under disse betingelser reagerte 20,8 pst. av allenet, og det ble dannet metylacetylen med en selektivitet av 82,0 pst. og et utbytte på 17,1 pst.
Hvis isomeriseringstemperaturen ble hevet til 430°C reagerte 100 pst. av allenet, men selektiviteten og utbyttet av metylacetylen var negligerbaxt.
Eksempel 10.
En aktivert katalysator av samme art som i den i eks. 1 anvendte ble benyttet for isomerisering av allen ved 210°C, under til-føring av 825 volumdeler damp pr. time pr. volum katalysator; under disse betingelser reagerte 13,5 pst. av allenet, og det ble dannet metylacetylen med en selektivitet av 85,7 pst. og et utbytte på 11,7 pst.
Hvis tilføringen ble senket til 165 volumdeler pr. volumdel katalysator pr. time, og reaksjonen ble utført ved den samme temperatur, utgjorde allen omdannelsen 20,8 pst., og selektiviteten og utbyttet av metylacetylen var 82,0 pst. resp. 17,1 pst.
Eksempel 11.
En aktivert katalysator lik den i eks. 1 benyttede ble anvendt for å isomerisere en allen-hydrokarbonblanding som hadde følgende bestanddeler:
Når reaksjonen ble utført ved 280°C og det ble ledet 165 volumdeler dampblan-ding pr. volumdel katalysator pr. time ble det omdannet 44,3 pst. allen, og selektiviteten og utbyttet av metylacetylen var 83,9 pst. resp. 37,2 pst.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffer således en fremgangsmåte for isomerisering av allen, som gir et høyt utbytte av metylacetylen, og hvor det ikke kreves håndte-ring av giftige eller korroderende katalysatoraktivatorer.

Claims (1)

  1. Fremgangsmåte for isomerisering av allen til metylacetylen ved at allen i dampfase ved en temperatur på 150—410°C bringes i berøring med en aktivert aluminiumoksyd-katalysator, karakterisert ved at det anvendes en katalysator som er aktivert med en halogenkarbonaktivator med
    formelen CnHxHalyFz, hvor Hal er et halogenradikal, n er et helt tall fra 1 til 4, x er et helt tall fra null til 9, y er et helt tall fra null til 9, og z betegner et helt tall fra 1 til 10.
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DE3818829A1 (de) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-14 Henkel Kgaa Koerniges adsorptionsmittel mit verbessertem einspuelverhalten
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NO150286C (no) 1984-09-19
FR2416262A1 (fr) 1979-08-31
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DE2903058C2 (no) 1987-09-10
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FR2416262B1 (no) 1982-11-05
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