NO148854B - POWDER FORM FOR CORN WASHING OR BLEACHING MIXTURE, WITHOUT OR WITH REDUCED PHOSPHATE CONTENT - Google Patents
POWDER FORM FOR CORN WASHING OR BLEACHING MIXTURE, WITHOUT OR WITH REDUCED PHOSPHATE CONTENT Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO148854B NO148854B NO740889A NO740889A NO148854B NO 148854 B NO148854 B NO 148854B NO 740889 A NO740889 A NO 740889A NO 740889 A NO740889 A NO 740889A NO 148854 B NO148854 B NO 148854B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- water
- aluminum silicate
- calcium
- washing
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- -1 aluminum silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 102000005701 Calcium-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 24
- 108010045403 Calcium-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 34
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008395 clarifying agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 5
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)=O ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricarballylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNRVTEQEGXVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)(C)C(O)=O LNRVTEQEGXVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C(O)=O PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004317 Lyases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000856 Lyases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SXQXMCWCWVCFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O SXQXMCWCWVCFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001469 hydantoins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical group COC(O)=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazin-4-amine Chemical class N=C1C=CN=NN1 QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- PFYHYHZGDNWFIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-DMDP Natural products OCC1NC(CO)C(O)C1O PFYHYHZGDNWFIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKHMZKDESOMZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,3-diacetyl-5-acetyloxyimidazolidin-4-yl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)N(C(C)=O)CN1C(C)=O RKHMZKDESOMZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSELUFTVMYHJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,3-diacetyl-5-propanoyloxyimidazolidin-4-yl) propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1C(OC(=O)CC)N(C(C)=O)CN1C(C)=O MSELUFTVMYHJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPCTYPSWRBUGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-amino-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(N)(C)P(O)(O)=O GPCTYPSWRBUGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIHKFGMYMWGERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chlorobenzoyl) 3-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC(=O)C=2C=C(Cl)C=CC=2)=C1 NIHKFGMYMWGERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical class COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1OC1CCCC1 JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VAVZXZURPCYUHS-RQOWECAXSA-N (z)-3-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-4-oxopent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(C(=O)C)\C(=O)NN VAVZXZURPCYUHS-RQOWECAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N -2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHWUIRMVPYNGIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-triphosphonobutan-2-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC(P(O)(O)=O)C(P(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O RHWUIRMVPYNGIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXGRAKNNKBAFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphosphonopropan-2-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC(P(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O SXGRAKNNKBAFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBQPJPEBXKJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-di(propanoyl)piperazine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCC(=O)N1CC(=O)N(C(=O)CC)CC1=O GJBQPJPEBXKJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBBKKVPJPRZOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diacetylpiperazine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)N1CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CC1=O CBBKKVPJPRZOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTZUXKIKHMIVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(carbamoylamino)propan-2-ylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(C)CNC(N)=O JTZUXKIKHMIVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFYHYHZGDNWFIF-KVTDHHQDSA-N 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine Chemical compound OC[C@H]1N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PFYHYHZGDNWFIF-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPJWTMIUOLEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,2-diamino-2-phenylethenyl)benzenesulfonic acid Chemical class NC(=C(C=1C(=CC=CC1)S(=O)(=O)O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 LIPJWTMIUOLEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKXGAGZTEMGMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-anilino-6-morpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-6-[2-(2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC(NC=2N=C(N=C(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)N=2)N2CCOCC2)=C1S(O)(=O)=O AKXGAGZTEMGMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical group CCCCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OCCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=C)C(O)=O FEWFXBUNENSNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCURVRPNFDBOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-phosphonobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(C)CC(O)=O ZCURVRPNFDBOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZJXEIBPJWMWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)(O)O SZJXEIBPJWMWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMPRRFPMMJQXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfobenzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZMPRRFPMMJQXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFYHYHZGDNWFIF-OMMKOOBNSA-N 2R,5R-Dihydroxymethyl-3R,4R-dihydroxy-pyrrolidine Natural products OC[C@@H]1N[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O PFYHYHZGDNWFIF-OMMKOOBNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFXJWACFHGTNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-di(propanoyl)piperazine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCC(=O)N1C(C)C(=O)N(C(=O)CC)C(C)C1=O WFXJWACFHGTNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSJBSUHYCGQTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methoxy-1,2-propanediol Chemical compound COCC(O)CO PSJBSUHYCGQTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)COCC(O)CO AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWZHDKGQKYEBKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminochromen-2-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C(N)=CC2=C1 QWZHDKGQKYEBKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNSWUGOOACKRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phosphonobutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(C)C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O SNSWUGOOACKRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZTHUHAJEZPWNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC=C1N1N=C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CC1 VZTHUHAJEZPWNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTTRMCQEPDPCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 BTTRMCQEPDPCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMHSYMNTYLPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxycarbonyloxybenzoic acid Chemical class CCOC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 UXVMHSYMNTYLPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNSJJJCTNXHMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-n-methyl-n-methylsulfonylbenzamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(=O)N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 YNSJJJCTNXHMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUJPYXOTTZPZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propoxycarbonyloxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical class CCCOC(=O)OC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 BUJPYXOTTZPZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKRZNAWSCAUDRQ-BQYQJAHWSA-N 5-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(5-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical group CC1=CC=C2OC(/C=C/C=3OC4=CC=C(C=C4N=3)C)=NC2=C1 VKRZNAWSCAUDRQ-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZEYLLPOQRZUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(dimethylamino)-4-methylchromen-2-one Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C21 GZEYLLPOQRZUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JPIJQSOTBSSVTP-PWNYCUMCSA-N D-erythronic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JPIJQSOTBSSVTP-PWNYCUMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N D-glyceric acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004195 Isomerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000769 Isomerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical group C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYXGIOKAKDAARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(2-hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OCCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O JYXGIOKAKDAARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710163270 Nuclease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RZMHECYBKLOMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)CP(=O)=O Chemical compound OC(=O)CP(=O)=O RZMHECYBKLOMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700020962 Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMKHUHMNNOZEQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(=O)(=O)(O)OC(=O)OC(=O)O Chemical class S(=O)(=O)(O)OC(=O)OC(=O)O JMKHUHMNNOZEQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000187392 Streptomyces griseus Species 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002359 Tetronic® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFDMEODWJJUORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethylamino(phosphono)methyl]phosphonic acid Chemical compound CN(C)C(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O BFDMEODWJJUORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DNEHKUCSURWDGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Al] DNEHKUCSURWDGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004050 aminobenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006480 benzoylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDPAWGWELVVRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CBr KDPAWGWELVVRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010089934 carbohydrase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004653 carbonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 460 Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLWKIJKUDWYINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexacarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C1(C(O)=O)C(O)=O WLWKIJKUDWYINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2,2-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCC1(C(O)=O)C(O)=O STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(O)=O ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroisocyanuric acid Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical group OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AIJZIRPGCQPZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylenetetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O AIJZIRPGCQPZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001046 glycoluril group Chemical group [H]C12N(*)C(=O)N(*)C1([H])N(*)C(=O)N2* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003630 glycyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPZWPLRSNKLEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,1,2,2,3-hexacarboxylic acid Chemical compound CCCC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O DPZWPLRSNKLEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical class Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N medronic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CP(O)(O)=O MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UJPCOKISUIXFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-acetyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 UJPCOKISUIXFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBDYPDHUODKDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-acetyl-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KBDYPDHUODKDRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYYOELZSHBWAAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dimethoxyphosphorylethanamine Chemical compound CCNP(=O)(OC)OC UYYOELZSHBWAAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGILZBNKDUVXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-methylsulfonyl-4-nitrobenzamide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N(C)C(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 QGILZBNKDUVXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDNVNUWFESEAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-methylsulfonylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)S(C)(=O)=O DDNVNUWFESEAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVCXXYLGLXGBDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-methylsulfonylbenzamide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FVCXXYLGLXGBDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004967 organic peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1OC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1C(O)=O UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOHMCAWCXOBJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1,3,3,5,5-hexacarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C(O)=O)CC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)CC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O LOHMCAWCXOBJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004978 peroxycarbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonoformic acid Chemical class OC(=O)P(O)(O)=O ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021395 porridge Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NJEVMKZODGWUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1,3,3-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C(O)=O)CC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O NJEVMKZODGWUQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QULKDBMYSOOKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfo hydrogen carbonate Chemical class OC(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O QULKDBMYSOOKMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfoacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Description
Vaske- og rensemidler som brukes i husholdningen, Washing and cleaning agents used in the household,
i vaskerier og i industribedrifter inneholder som kjent for det meste større mengder kondenserte fosfater, særlig tripolyfosfat, som for en stor del er opphav til disse vaskemidlenes gode rensevirkning. Vaskemidlenes fosfatinnhold er imidler- in laundries and in industrial companies, as is known, mostly contains larger amounts of condensed phosphates, especially tripolyphosphate, which is to a large extent the origin of these detergents' good cleaning effect. However, the detergents' phosphate content is
tid for lenge siden kommet i søkelyset med hensyn på miljø-vern idet disse fosfatene via vannveiene fører til en eutro-fiering av vannet, dvs. en økning av algeveksten og oksygen-forbruket. Man søker derfpr å nedsette mengden fosfat i vaskemidlene eller å fjerne fosfatene fullsténdig. long ago came into the spotlight with regard to environmental protection, as these phosphates via the waterways lead to a eutrophication of the water, i.e. an increase in algae growth and oxygen consumption. One therefore seeks to reduce the amount of phosphate in the detergents or to remove the phosphates completely.
Fra tysk utlegningsskrift i 617 058 er det kjent It is known from the German explanatory document in 617 058
å benytte vannuoppløselige cellulosederivater, særlig fosforylert bomull ved vaskeprosessen, for å bløtgjøre vannet. to use water-insoluble cellulose derivatives, especially phosphorylated cotton in the washing process, to soften the water.
Dette forslaget frembyr imidlertid ingen teknisk brukbar løs-ning av problemet siden man måtte tilsette alt for store mengder fosforylert bomull for å binde vannets hårdhetsdannere, helt bortsett fra cellulosederivater^med mindre kalsiumbindingsevne som f. eks. sulfetoksycellulose, karboksymetylcellulose og ravsyrehalvesteren av cellulose. This proposal, however, does not offer a technically usable solution to the problem since one would have to add far too large amounts of phosphorylated cotton to bind the water's hardness formers, apart from cellulose derivatives with less calcium binding ability such as e.g. sulfethoxycellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and the succinic half-ester of cellulose.
Fra tysk utlegningsskrift 2 055 4-23 er det videre kjent å tilsette til pulverformige inntil kornede vaske- og rensemidler i vann og i alkaliske oppløsninger, uoppløselige kationeutvekslende forgrenede polymerisater som f. eks. et forgrenet polymerisat av divinylbenzen og polyacrylsyre eller polymetacrylsyre. Hvis vaskevannet tilsettes disse vannuopp-løselige kationevekslere i form av fine partikler, fordeler disse seg i tekstilene og blir bare skyllet ut i ufullstendig grad. Av denne grunn har man også foreslått å tilsette de kornede polymerisater i gjennomtrengelige sekker i vaskevannet. Derigjennom nedsettes imidlertid kontakten med vaskevannet*og dermed polymerisatenes virkning. From German explanatory document 2 055 4-23, it is further known to add insoluble cation-exchange branched polymers such as e.g. a branched polymer of divinylbenzene and polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid. If these water-soluble cation exchangers are added to the washing water in the form of fine particles, these are distributed in the textiles and are only rinsed out to an incomplete extent. For this reason, it has also been proposed to add the granular polymers in permeable bags to the wash water. This, however, reduces the contact with the washing water* and thus the effect of the polymers.
Fra M.A. Lesser, Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, oktober 19^5, sidene 37-^0, er det kjent til vasking av tekstiler å anvende vannuoppløselige silikater som har bygger-virkning sammen med en syntetisk tensid. Ved de vannuoppløse-lige silikater i denne artikkel dreier det seg om bentonit som man omtaler som et vannholdig aluminiumsilikat som inneholder 5-10 vekt-? av jordalkalioksyder. Ved vasking med bentonit og syntetiske tensider fåes imidlertid ingen tilfredsstillende resultater fordi bentonitens vaskevirkning bare er liten. Forøvrig ble det iakttatt avleiringer på de vaskede tekstilmaterialer ved anvendelse av -bentonit og andre uorganiske fyllstoffer. Det ble imidlertid nå funnet at bestemte aluminiumsilikater er egnet som fosfatutvekslingsstoffer i vaske-og rensemidler. Disse aluminiumsilikater kan helt eller delvis erstatte natriumtripolyfosfater som byggere i vaskemidler, når de har en sammensetning som ligger innen området av en bestemt generell formel og når de dessuten har en minste kalsiumbindeevne som fastslås etter en tidsmessig begrenset prøve. Slike aluminiumsilikater har som vaske-middelfosfåtene vesentlige byggeregenskaper og lar seg uten problem i vaskeprosessen også igjen spyle ut av tekstilene. Uoppløselige silikater ble også ifølge US-patent nr. 3.15^.^9^ og 3.661.789 allerede anvendt ved behandling av tekstilmaterialer i nærvær av blekemidler, såper og syntetiske tensider. For de ved siden av mange andre stoffer nevnte hydratiserte natrium- og/eller kalsiumaluminiumsili-kater, angis imidlertid hverken en nærmere karakterisering eller anvendelsen vises ved noe eksempel. Det kom her tyde-ligvis ikke an på en spesiell minste kalsiumbindeevne, fordi ifølge læren i disse patenter er også kalsiumaluminiumsili-kater egnet som naturligvis ikke har kalsiumbindeevne. From M.A. Lesser, Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, October 19^5, pages 37-^0, it is known for washing textiles to use water-insoluble silicates which have a builder effect together with a synthetic surfactant. The water-insoluble silicates in this article refer to bentonite, which is referred to as a hydrous aluminum silicate containing 5-10 wt. of alkaline earth oxides. When washing with bentonite and synthetic surfactants, however, no satisfactory results are obtained because the washing effect of the bentonite is only small. Incidentally, deposits were observed on the washed textile materials when -bentonite and other inorganic fillers were used. However, it was now found that certain aluminum silicates are suitable as phosphate exchange substances in washing and cleaning agents. These aluminum silicates can completely or partially replace sodium tripolyphosphates as builders in detergents, when they have a composition that lies within the range of a specific general formula and when they also have a minimum calcium binding capacity determined after a time-limited test. Such aluminum silicates, like the detergent phosphates, have significant building properties and can be rinsed out of the textiles without any problem during the washing process. Insoluble silicates were also, according to US patent nos. 3,15,99 and 3,661,789, already used in the treatment of textile materials in the presence of bleaching agents, soaps and synthetic surfactants. However, for the hydrated sodium and/or calcium aluminum silicates mentioned alongside many other substances, neither a more detailed characterization is given nor is the application shown by any example. It was evidently not a matter here of a special minimum calcium binding capacity, because according to the teaching in these patents, calcium aluminum silicates are also suitable which naturally do not have calcium binding capacity.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en pulverformet til kornet vaske-, bleke- eller rensemiddelblanding uten eller med redusert fosforinnhold, inneholdende minst en forbindelse fra gruppen tensider, byggerstoffer og blekemidler, samt et utvekslingsstoff til delvis eller hel erstatning for kondenserte fosfater, idet blandingen er karakterisert ved at den som fosfatutvekslingsstoff inneholder 5-95% av et finfordelt vannuoppløselig krystallinsk eller røntgenamorft bundet vannholdig syntetisk fremstilt aluminiumsilikat med en ved 22°C og i løpet av 15 minutter fastslått kalsiumbindende evne på 50-200 mg CaO/g (vannfri aktivtstoff) og med den generelle formel The invention relates to a powdered to granular detergent, bleach or cleaning agent mixture without or with a reduced phosphorus content, containing at least one compound from the group of surfactants, builders and bleaches, as well as an exchange substance to partially or fully replace condensed phosphates, the mixture being characterized by the as a phosphate exchange agent contains 5-95% of a finely divided water-insoluble crystalline or X-ray amorphous bound aqueous synthetically produced aluminum silicate with a calcium-binding capacity of 50-200 mg CaO/g (anhydrous active substance) determined at 22°C and within 15 minutes and with the general formula
hvori Kat betyr et med kalsium utvekselbart kation av verdig-het n, hvori n betyr 1 eller 2, x betyr et tall fra 0,7-1,5, where Kat means a calcium-exchangeable cation of valency n, where n means 1 or 2, x means a number from 0.7-1.5,
og y betyr et tall fra 1,3-^, som har en primær partikkel-størrelse som ligger mellom 0,01 ym og 100 ym, og fortrinnsvis ligger i området fra 50-1 ym. and y means a number from 1.3-^, which has a primary particle size that lies between 0.01 ym and 100 ym, and preferably lies in the range of 50-1 ym.
Som kationer benyttes fortrinnsvis natrium, men kationet kan også være hydrogen, litium, kalium, ammonium eller magnesium eller en organisk base som blir vannuoppløse-lig ved kationene, f.eks. primære, sekundære eller tertiære aminer eller alkylolaminer med høyst 2 C-atomer pr. alkylrest henholdsvis høyst 3 C-atomer pr. alkylrest. Sodium is preferably used as cations, but the cation can also be hydrogen, lithium, potassium, ammonium or magnesium or an organic base that becomes water-insoluble with the cations, e.g. primary, secondary or tertiary amines or alkylolamines with no more than 2 C atoms per alkyl residue, respectively no more than 3 C atoms per alkyl residue.
Slike forbindelser kalles for enkelhets skyld i det følgende "aluminiumsilikatet". Man bruker med fordel (tfatriumaluminiumsilikater. Alle opplysninger om fremstilling og bruk av disse gjelder også for de andre aktuelle forbindelser. Such compounds are called "aluminium silicate" in the following for the sake of simplicity. It is advantageous to use sodium aluminum silicates. All information on the manufacture and use of these also applies to the other relevant compounds.
De ovenfor definerte aluminiumsilikater kan fremstilles på enkel måte syntetisk, f.eks. ved omsetning av vannoppløselige silikater med vannoppløselige aluminater i nærvær av vann. For dette formål kan man blande vandige opp-løsninger av utgangsstoffene med hverandre eller blande en komponent i fast tilstand med den annen komponent som foreligger i vandig oppløsning, for omsetning med hverandre. Også ved å blande to komponenter i fast tilstand får man ved nærvær av vann de ønskede aliuminiumsilikater. Også ut fra Al(OH)-^, A120^ og Si02 kan man fremstille aluminiumsilikater ved omsetning med alkalisilikat- eller aluminat-oppløsninger. Endelig kan man også få slike forbindelser av en smelte, men denne fremgangsmåten synes mindre interessant økonomisk på grunn av de nødvendige høye smeltetemperaturer og nødvendig-heten av å overføre smeiten til finfordelte stoffer. The aluminosilicates defined above can be produced in a simple way synthetically, e.g. by reacting water-soluble silicates with water-soluble aluminates in the presence of water. For this purpose, one can mix aqueous solutions of the starting materials with each other or mix one component in a solid state with the other component present in aqueous solution, for reaction with each other. Also by mixing two components in a solid state, the desired aluminum silicates are obtained in the presence of water. Aluminum silicates can also be produced from Al(OH)-^, Al 2 O^ and SiO 2 by reaction with alkali silicate or aluminate solutions. Finally, such compounds can also be obtained from a melt, but this method seems less economically interesting due to the necessary high melting temperatures and the necessity to transfer the melt into finely divided substances.
Riktignok dannes de kationevekslende aluminiumsilikater som skal benyttes i henhold til oppfinnelsen bare ved å opprettholde visse fellingsbetingelser, idet_man ellers får produkter som har dårlige eller ingen kat-ioneutvekslende evne. Fremstillingen av brukbare aluminiumsilikater i henhold til oppfinnelsen er beskrevet i den eksperimentelle del. Admittedly, the cation-exchanged aluminum silicates to be used according to the invention are only formed by maintaining certain precipitation conditions, otherwise you get products that have poor or no cation-exchange ability. The production of usable aluminum silicates according to the invention is described in the experimental part.
Aluminiumsilikater fremstilt ved felling eller ved en annen fremgangsmåte og overført i finfordelt tilstand til vandig suspensjon kan ved oppvarming til temperaturer på 50 Aluminum silicates produced by precipitation or by another method and transferred in a finely divided state to an aqueous suspension can, by heating to temperatures of 50
til 200°C overføres fra den amorfe tilstand til den aldrede eller krystallinske tilstand. Mellom disse to former finnes det når det gjelder kalsiumbindeevne knapt noen forskjell idet bortsett fra tørkebetingelsene er _ bindeevnen proporsjonal med mengden aluminium i aluminiumsilikat ene.. Likevel benyttes i henhold til oppfinnelsen fortrinnsvis krystallinske aluminiumsilikater. Den foretrukne kalsium-bindeevne, som ligger på omkring 100 til 200 mg Ca0/g AS (aktivt stoff) opp-- nås frem for alt ved forbindelser ved sammensetning: to 200°C is transferred from the amorphous state to the aged or crystalline state. Between these two forms there is hardly any difference when it comes to calcium binding capacity since, apart from the drying conditions, the binding capacity is proportional to the amount of aluminum in the aluminum silicate. Nevertheless, according to the invention, crystalline aluminum silicates are preferably used. The preferred calcium-binding capacity, which is around 100 to 200 mg Ca0/g AS (active substance), is achieved above all by compounds of the composition:
Denne summefQræél omfatter to typer forskjellige krystallstrukturer (henholdsvis deres ukrystallinske for-produkter), som også skiller seg fra hverandre ved deres summeformler. Disse summeformlene er: This summation formula includes two types of different crystal structures (respectively their non-crystalline by-products), which also differ from each other by their summation formulas. These sum formulas are:
De forskjellige krystallstrukturer viser seg ved røntgendiagram, og de d-verdier som man utregner på denne m&ten er angitt ved beskrivelsen av fremstillingen av aluminiumsilikatene. The different crystal structures are shown by X-ray diagrams, and the d-values calculated on this basis are indicated in the description of the production of the aluminum silicates.
Aluminiumsilikatet som foreligger i vandig suspensjon, amorft eller krystallinsk, kan skilles fra den vandige oppløsningen ved filtrering og tørkes ved tempera-, turer på f. eks. 50 til 800°C. Alt etter tørkebetingelsene inneholder produktet mer eller mindre bundet vann. Vannfrie produkter oppnås ved 800°C. Hvis man vil avdrive vannet fullstendig kan dette skje ved 1 times oppvarming ved 800°C, The aluminum silicate present in aqueous suspension, amorphous or crystalline, can be separated from the aqueous solution by filtration and dried at temperatures of e.g. 50 to 800°C. Depending on the drying conditions, the product contains more or less bound water. Anhydrous products are obtained at 800°C. If you want to remove the water completely, this can be done by heating for 1 hour at 800°C,
på denne måten bestemmes også aluminiumsilikatenes AS-innhold. in this way the AS content of the aluminum silicates is also determined.
Så høye tørk etemperaturer er ikke å anbefale for aluminiumsilikater som skal benyttes ifølge oppfinnelsen hvor man med fordel ikke over stiger £00°C. Det er særlig gunstig at også produkter so"m er tørket ved vesentlig lavere temperaturer Such high dry temperatures are not recommended for aluminum silicates to be used according to the invention, where it is advantageous not to exceed £00°C. It is particularly beneficial that products that have been dried at significantly lower temperatures are also used
på f. eks. 80 til 200°C fpr å fjerne medrevet vann, er brukbar i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Aluminiumsilikater fremstilt på denne måten og inneholdende varierende mengder bundet vann, foreligger som et fint pulver etter findeling av den tørkede filterkaken, med en primær-partikkelstørrelse på høyst 0,1 mm, men for det meste ved vesentlig mindre partikkelstørrelse og med til støvfinhet, dvs. ned til 0,1 um. Det skal nevnes at primærpartiklene eventuelt kan være agglomerert til større strukturer. Ved flere fremstillingsmetoder fpr man primær-partikkelstørrelser på 50 til 1 um. on e.g. 80 to 200°C for removing entrained water, is usable according to the invention. Aluminum silicates produced in this way and containing varying amounts of bound water are present as a fine powder after the dried filter cake has been finely divided, with a primary particle size of no more than 0.1 mm, but mostly with a significantly smaller particle size and with dust fineness, i.e. .down to 0.1 µm. It should be mentioned that the primary particles may possibly be agglomerated into larger structures. In several manufacturing methods, primary particle sizes of 50 to 1 µm are used.
Men særlig fordel brukes aluminiumsilikater som består av minst 80 vekt$ partikler med størrelse 10 til 0,01 However, aluminum silicates are particularly advantageously used, which consist of at least 80% by weight of particles with a size of 10 to 0.01
ym, fortrinnsvis 8 til'0,1 ym. Fortrinnsvis inneholder disse aluminiumsilikater ingen primær- eller sekundær-partikler over 4-0, um. I den grad det dreier seg om krystallinske produkter kalles disse partikkelprodukter for enkelthets skyld "mikrokrystallinske". ym, preferably 8 to'0.1 ym. Preferably, these aluminosilicates contain no primary or secondary particles above 4-0 µm. To the extent that it concerns crystalline products, these particulate products are called "microcrystalline" for the sake of simplicity.
For oppnåelse av små partikkelstørrelser kan man benytte særlige fellingsbetingelser hvorved man utsetter de blandede aluminat- og silikat-oppløsninger som kan innføres samtidig i reaksjonsbeholderen, for sterke skjærekrefter. Fremstilles krystalliserte aluminiumsilikater som foretrekkes i henhold til oppfinnelsen, forhindres dannelsen av større krystaller ved langsom røring i krystallisasjonsmassen. To achieve small particle sizes, special precipitation conditions can be used whereby the mixed aluminate and silicate solutions which can be introduced simultaneously into the reaction vessel are exposed to strong shearing forces. If crystallized aluminum silicates which are preferred according to the invention are produced, the formation of larger crystals is prevented by slow stirring in the crystallization mass.
Likevel kan det ved tørkning skje en uønsket agglomerering av 'krystallittpartikler slik at det er gunstig å fjerne disse sekundærpartikler på egnet måte, f. eks. ved sikting. Man kan også benytte aluminiumsilikater som er fremstilt med større partikkelstørrelse og siden er malt til ønsket kornstørrelse. Man kan benytte møller med egnede sikter. Slike systemper er f. eks. beskrevet i Ullmann: "Enzyklopfidie der technischen Chemie", bind 1, 1951, side . 623-634-. Nevertheless, during drying, an unwanted agglomeration of crystallite particles can occur, so that it is advantageous to remove these secondary particles in a suitable way, e.g. by sifting. You can also use aluminum silicates that are produced with a larger particle size and then ground to the desired grain size. Mills with suitable sieves can be used. Such systems are e.g. described in Ullmann: "Enzyklopfidie der technischen Chemie", volume 1, 1951, page . 623-634-.
Ut fra natriumaluminiumsilikatene kan man fremstille aluminiumsilikater av anre kationer, f. eks. av kalium, magnesium eller vannoppløselige organiske baser, på enkel måte ved baseutveksling. Bruk av disse forbindelser i stedet for natriumaluminiumsilikater kan være hensiktsmessig når de nevnte kationer kan gi en spesiell'virkning, f. eks. når man vil påvirke oppløsningstilstanden av samtidig nærværende tensider. From the sodium aluminum silicates, aluminum silicates can be produced from other cations, e.g. of potassium, magnesium or water-soluble organic bases, simply by base exchange. Use of these compounds instead of sodium aluminum silicates can be appropriate when the mentioned cations can produce a special effect, e.g. when you want to influence the dissolution state of simultaneously present surfactants.
Disse ferdigfrem stilte aluminiumsilikater, dvs. fremstilt før deres anvendelse, benyttes til formål ifølge oppfinnelsen. These ready-made aluminum silicates, i.e. prepared before their use, are used for purposes according to the invention.
Den mengden aluminiumsilikatisom medgår for å The amount of aluminum silicate is included in order to
oppnå en god vaske- eller rense-evne avhenger på den ene siden av aluminiumsilikatets kalsiumbindeevne, og på den annen side av vasketøyets mengde og skittenhet, samt vannets hård-hetsgrad og mengden av det vann som benyttes. Ved bruk av hardt vann er det en fordel å avmåle mengden av aluminiumsilikatet slik at vannets resthardhet ikke overstiger 5° dH (svarende til 50mg CaO/l), fortrinnsvis 0,5 til 2° dH (5 til 20 mg CaO/l). For å oppnå optimale vaske- og rense-evner er det gunstig å bruke et visst overskudd av aluminiumsilikater, særlig i forbindelse med meget skittent tøy eller andre gjen^ stander som skal vaskes for også å binde hårdhetsdannere som frigjøres som oppløst smuss helt eller delvis. Konsen-trasjonen av aluminiumsilikatene kan da ligge på fortrinnsvis 0,2 til 10 g AS/1, særlig 1 til 6 g AS/1. achieving a good washing or cleaning ability depends on the one hand on the calcium binding capacity of the aluminum silicate, and on the other hand on the amount and dirtiness of the laundry, as well as the degree of hardness of the water and the amount of water used. When using hard water, it is an advantage to measure the amount of aluminum silicate so that the residual hardness of the water does not exceed 5° dH (equivalent to 50mg CaO/l), preferably 0.5 to 2° dH (5 to 20 mg CaO/l). In order to achieve optimal washing and cleaning capabilities, it is advantageous to use a certain excess of aluminum silicates, particularly in connection with very dirty laundry or other items to be washed to also bind hardness formers that are released as dissolved dirt in whole or in part. The concentration of the aluminum silicates can then be preferably 0.2 to 10 g AS/1, in particular 1 to 6 g AS/1.
Man fant videre at forurensningene lot seg fjerne vesentlig hurtigere og/eller fullstendig hvis man tilsatte vaskevannet (behandlingsbadet) et stoff som hadde en kompleksdannende og/eller fellende virkning på det kalsium som befant seg i vannet som hardhetsdanner. Som kompleksdanner for kalsium kan man i henhold til oppfinnelsen også bruke stoffer med så liten kompleksdannende evne at disse stoffer hittil ikke er ansett som typiske kompleksdannere for kalsium, mén slike forbindelser har likevel ofte den egenskapen at de forsinker eller delvis forhindrer utfelling av kalsiumkarbonat fra vandige oppløsninger. It was further found that the contaminants could be removed significantly faster and/or completely if a substance was added to the washing water (treatment bath) that had a complex-forming and/or precipitating effect on the calcium that was in the water as a hardness former. As complex formers for calcium, according to the invention, it is also possible to use substances with such a low complex-forming ability that these substances have so far not been regarded as typical complex formers for calcium, but such compounds nevertheless often have the property that they delay or partially prevent the precipitation of calcium carbonate from aqueous resolutions.
Fortrinnsvis-brukes små tilsetningsmengder på f. eks. 0,05 til 2 g/l komplekserings- eller fellings-midler for kalsium for å påskynde eller forbedre fjerningen av forurensninger tydelig. Spesielt anbefales tilsetninger på 0,1 til 1 g/l. Man kan tilsette vesentlig større mengder, men bør når det dreier seg om fosforholdige komplekserings- eller fellings-midler bruke mindre mengder slik at av-vannets fosfor-belastning blir klart lavere enn ved å bruke de vanlige vaskemidler på basis av trifosfat. Small amounts of additives are preferably used, e.g. 0.05 to 2 g/l complexing or precipitating agents for calcium to accelerate or improve the removal of contaminants clearly. In particular, additions of 0.1 to 1 g/l are recommended. Significantly larger amounts can be added, but when it comes to phosphorus-containing complexing or precipitating agents, smaller amounts should be used so that the waste water's phosphorus load is clearly lower than by using the usual detergents based on triphosphate.
Nevnte kompleksdannende eller fellende midler Said complexing or precipitating agents
kan være av uorganisk natur som pyrofosfat, trifosfat, høyere polyfosfater og metafosfater. can be inorganic in nature such as pyrophosphate, triphosphate, higher polyphosphates and metaphosphates.
Organiske forbindelser som egner seg som kompléks-danning- eller fellings-midler for kalsium er polykarbonsyrer, hydroksykarbonsyrer, aminokarbonsyrer, karboksyalkyletere, polyanioniske polymerer, særlig polymere karbonsyrer og fosfonsyrer, hvorved disse forbindelser for det meste anvendes i form av vannoppløselig salter. Organic compounds that are suitable as complex-forming or precipitating agents for calcium are polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, carboxyalkyl ethers, polyanionic polymers, especially polymeric carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids, whereby these compounds are mostly used in the form of water-soluble salts.
Eksempler på polykarbonsyrer er dikarbonsyrer med generell formel H00C-(CH"2)n-C00H med n = 0 til 8, videre maleinsyre, metylenmalonsyre, citraconsyre, menaconsyre, itaconsyre, ikke-sykliske polykarbonsyrer med minst 3 karboksyl-grupper i molekylet, f. eks. trikarballylsyre, actonittsyre, etylentetrakarbonsyre, 1,1,3,3-propan-tetrakarbonsyre, 1,1, 3.3,5,5-pentan-heksakarbonsyre, heksanheksakarbonsyre, sykliske di- eller polykarbonsyrer som syklopentantetrakarbonsyre, syklo-heksan-heksakarbonsyre, tetrahydrofuran-tetrakarbonsyre, ftalsyre, tereftalsyre, benzentri-, tetra- eller pentakarbon-syre eller melittsyre. Examples of polycarboxylic acids are dicarboxylic acids with general formula H00C-(CH"2)n-C00H with n = 0 to 8, further maleic acid, methylenemalonic acid, citraconic acid, menaconic acid, itaconic acid, non-cyclic polycarboxylic acids with at least 3 carboxyl groups in the molecule, f eg tricarballylic acid, actonite acid, ethylene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,1,3,3-propane tetracarboxylic acid, 1,1,3,3,5,5-pentanehexacarboxylic acid, hexanehexacarboxylic acid, cyclic di- or polycarboxylic acids such as cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid , tetrahydrofuran-tetracarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenetri-, tetra- or pentacarboxylic acid or mellitic acid.
Eksempler på hydroksymdmo- eller -polykarbon- Examples of hydroxymdmo- or -polycarbon-
syrer er glykolsyre, melkesyre, eplesyre, tartronsyre, metyltartronsyre, glukonsyre, glycerolsyre, sitronsyre. vinsyre, salicylsyre. acids are glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartronic acid, methyltartronic acid, gluconic acid, glycerol acid, citric acid. tartaric acid, salicylic acid.
Eksempler på aminokarbonsyrer er glycin, glycyl, glycin, alanin, aspargin, glutaminsyre, aminobenzosyre, iminodi-eller tri-eddiksyre, hydroksyetyl-iminodieddiksyre, etylendiamin-tetraeddiksyre, hydroksyetyl-etylendiamin-trieddiksyr e, dietylen-triamin-pentaeddiksyre og høyere homologe som kan fremstilles ved polymerisasjon av et N-aziridylkarbonsyrederi - vat.f.eks. av eddiksyre. ravsyre, trikarballylsyre med på-følgende forsåpning, eller ved kondensasjon av polyaminer med en molvekt på 500 til 10 000, med kloreddiksyre- eller bromeddiksyresalter. Examples of amino carboxylic acids are glycine, glycyl, glycine, alanine, aspargine, glutamic acid, aminobenzoic acid, iminodi- or tri-acetic acid, hydroxyethyl-iminodiacetic acid, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine-triacetic acid, diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid and higher homologues that can is produced by polymerization of an N-aziridyl carboxylic acid derivative - vat.e.g. of acetic acid. succinic acid, tricarballylic acid with subsequent saponification, or by condensation of polyamines with a molecular weight of 500 to 10,000, with chloroacetic acid or bromoacetic acid salts.
Eksempler på karboksyalkyletere er 2,2-oksydi-ravsyre og ander eterpolykarbonsyrer, særlig karboksymetyl-etergruppe-holdige polykarbonsyrer, hvortil de tilsvarende derivater av følgende flerverdige alkoholer eller hydroksykarbonsyrer tilhører som eventuelt kan være helt eller delvis foretret med glykolsyre: Glykol, di- eller triglykoler, Examples of carboxyalkyl ethers are 2,2-oxydi-succinic acid and other ether polycarboxylic acids, especially carboxymethyl ether group-containing polycarboxylic acids, to which the corresponding derivatives of the following polyhydric alcohols or hydroxycarboxylic acids belong, which may optionally be wholly or partially etherified with glycolic acid: Glycol, di- or triglycols,
glycerol, di- eller triglycerol, glycerolmonometyleter, 2,2-dihydroksymetylpropanol, 1,1,1-trihydroksymetyl-etan, 1,1,1-trihydroksymetylpropan, erytritol, pentaerytritol, glykolsyre, melkesyre, tartronsyre, metyltartronsyre, glycerolsyre, ery-tronsyre, eplesyre, sitronsyre, vinsyre, trihydroksyglutar- glycerol, di- or triglycerol, glycerol monomethyl ether, 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropanol, 1,1,1-trihydroxymethyl-ethane, 1,1,1-trihydroxymethylpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartronic acid, methyltartronic acid, glyceric acid, erythronic acid , malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, trihydroxyglutaric
syre, sukkersyre, slimsyre. acid, sugar acid, mucilaginous acid.
Som overgangstyper til de polymere karbonsyrer As transition types to the polymeric carboxylic acids
nevnes karboksymetyletere av sukker, stivelse og cellulose. carboxymethyl ethers of sugar, starch and cellulose are mentioned.
Blant de polymere karbonsyrer vil man særlig nevne polymerisater av acrylsyre, hydroksyacrylsyre, maleinsyre, itaconsyre, mesaconsyre, aconittsyre, metylenmalonsyre, citraconsyre og lignende, kopol'ymerisater av ovenstående karbon- Among the polymeric carbonic acids, particular mention will be made of polymers of acrylic acid, hydroxyacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, aconitic acid, methylenemalonic acid, citraconic acid and the like, copolymers of the above carbon-
syrer med hverandre eller med etylenisk umettete forbindelser som etylen, propylen, isobutylen, vinylalkohol, vinylmetyl- acids with each other or with ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, vinyl alcohol, vinyl methyl-
eter, furan, acrolein, vinylacetat, acrylamid, acrylnitril, metacrylsyre, krotonsyre, etc, som f. eks. 1 : 1-kopolymerisater av maleinsyreanhydrid og etylen eller propylen eller furan. ether, furan, acrolein, vinyl acetate, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, etc., such as e.g. 1:1 copolymers of maleic anhydride and ethylene or propylene or furan.
Andre polymere karbonsyrer av typen polyhydroksy-polykarbonsyrer eller polyaldehydo-polykarbonsyrer er i det vesentlige oppbygget med acrylsyre- og acrolein-enheter, henholdsvis acrylsyre og vinylalkohol-enheter, som oppnås ved kopolymeri-sasjon av acrylsyre og acrolein eller polymerisasjon av acrol- Other polymeric carboxylic acids of the type polyhydroxy-polycarboxylic acids or polyaldehydo-polycarboxylic acids are essentially built up with acrylic acid and acrolein units, respectively acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol units, which are obtained by copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrolein or polymerization of acrolein
ein pg påfølgende Canniz-zaro-reaksjon, eventuelt i nærvær av formaldehyd. a pg subsequent Cannizaro reaction, possibly in the presence of formaldehyde.
Eksempler på fosforholdige organiske kompleksdannere er alkanpolyfosfonsyrer, amino- og hydroksyalkanpoly-fosfonsyrer eller fosfonokarbonsyrer som f. eks. forbindelsene metandifosfonsyre, propan-1, 2, 3-trifosfonsyre, butan-1 , 2, 3, 4--tetrafosfonsyre, polyvinylfosfonsyre, 1-amino-etan-1,1-difosfonsyre, 1-amino-1-fenyl-1,1-difosfonsyre, aminotrimetylen-trifosfonsyre, metylamino- eller etylamino-dimetylfosfonsyre, etylen-diaminotetrametylentetrafosfonsyre, 1-hydroksyetan-1,1 - difosfonsyre, fosfoneddiksyre, fosfonpropionsyre, 1-fosfonetan-1,2-dikarbonsyre, 2-fosfonopropan-2,3-diakrbonsyre, 2-fosfon-butan-1,2, k-trikarbonsyre, 2-fo sfonobutan-2,3,4-trikarbonsyre, Examples of phosphorus-containing organic complex formers are alkane polyphosphonic acids, amino and hydroxyalkane polyphosphonic acids or phosphonocarboxylic acids such as e.g. the compounds methanediphosphonic acid, propane-1, 2, 3-triphosphonic acid, butane-1, 2, 3, 4-tetraphosphonic acid, polyvinylphosphonic acid, 1-amino-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 1-amino-1-phenyl-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, aminotrimethylene-triphosphonic acid, methylamino- or ethylamino-dimethylphosphonic acid, ethylene-diaminotetramethylenetetraphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1 - diphosphonic acid, phosphoacetic acid, phosphonpropionic acid, 1-phosphonetane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, 2-phosphonopropane-2,3 -dicarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono-butane-1,2, k-tricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-2,3,4-tricarboxylic acid,
samt kopolymerisater av vinylfosfonsyre og acrylsyre. as well as copolymers of vinylphosphonic acid and acrylic acid.
Ved å benytte ovennevnte aluminiumsilikater kan man - selv ved anvendelse av fosforholdige organiske eller uorganiske kompleksdannings- eller fellingsmidler for kalsium - uten vanskeligheter holde behandlingsbadets fosforinnhold på høyst 0,6 g/l, fortrinnsvis høyst 0,3 g/l organisk og/eller uorganisk bundet fosfor. Man kan også med stort hell benytte helt fosforfrie blandinger. By using the above-mentioned aluminum silicates, one can - even when using phosphorus-containing organic or inorganic complexing or precipitating agents for calcium - without difficulty keep the phosphorus content of the treatment bath at no more than 0.6 g/l, preferably no more than 0.3 g/l organic and/or inorganic bound phosphorus. You can also use completely phosphorus-free mixtures with great success.
Blandingene i henhold til oppfinnelsen lar seg anvende på tallrike områder innen teknikk og husholdning for de forskjelligste rense- og vaskeoppgaver. Eksempler på slike anvendelsesområder er rensning av apparater, rørledninger og kar av tre, plast, metall, keramikk, glass osv. i industri og håndverk, rensing av møbler, vegger, gulv, gjenstander av keramikk, glass, metall, tre, plast, rensning av polerte eller lakkerte flater i husholdningen, osv. Et særlig viktig bruksområde er vasking og bleking av tekstiler av alle slag i industrien, vaskerier og i husholdningen. The mixtures according to the invention can be used in numerous areas within engineering and household for a wide variety of cleaning and washing tasks. Examples of such application areas are cleaning of appliances, pipelines and vessels made of wood, plastic, metal, ceramics, glass etc. in industry and crafts, cleaning of furniture, walls, floors, objects made of ceramics, glass, metal, wood, plastic, cleaning of polished or lacquered surfaces in the household, etc. A particularly important area of use is washing and bleaching textiles of all kinds in industry, laundries and in the household.
De tekstiler som skal vaskes kan bestå av de forskjelligste naturlige eller syntetiske fibre. Det skal nevnes f. eks. bomull, regeneratcellulose eller.lin, samt tekstiler som inneholder høyforedlet bomull eller syntetiske fibre som polyamid, polyester, polyacrylnitril, polyuretan, polyvinylklorid, eller polyvinylidenklorid. Vaskemidler ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også brukes til vask av "lettstrøkne" tekstiler og enkelte ganger til tekstiler med betegnelsen "strykefri" av syntesefiber-bomull-blandinger. The textiles to be washed can consist of a wide variety of natural or synthetic fibres. It should be mentioned, e.g. cotton, regenerated cellulose or linen, as well as textiles containing highly refined cotton or synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride. Detergents according to the invention can also be used for washing "lightly ironed" textiles and sometimes for textiles with the designation "iron-free" of synthetic fiber-cotton mixtures.
Ved vasking og rensning av slike stoffer med vandige rensebad inneholdende suspendert aluminiumsilikat, kan man forbedre vaskeevnen ved tilsetning av de vanlige stoffer. Blant'disse nevnes f. eks. tensider, tensidaktige eller ikke-tensidvirkende skumstabilisatorer eller -inhibitorer, bløt-<* >gjørende stoffer, nøytrale eller alkaliske byggere og fyllstoffer, kjemiske blekemidler eller stabilisatorer, og/eller aktivatorer for disse, smussbærende stoffer, korrosjonsinhibi-torer, antimikrobielle stoffer, enzymer, klaringsmidler, farge-og duftstoffer, osv. When washing and cleaning such substances with aqueous cleaning baths containing suspended aluminum silicate, the washing performance can be improved by adding the usual substances. Among these are mentioned e.g. surfactants, surfactant-like or non-surfactant-acting foam stabilizers or inhibitors, softening substances, neutral or alkaline builders and fillers, chemical bleaching agents or stabilizers, and/or activators for these, soil-carrying substances, corrosion inhibitors, antimicrobial substances, enzymes , clarifying agents, coloring and fragrance substances, etc.
Ved .bruk av en eller flere av de ovennevnte vanlige vaskemiddel-tilsetninger benyttes med fordel følgende kon-sentrasjoner: When using one or more of the usual detergent additives mentioned above, the following concentrations are advantageously used:
0 -2,5 g/l tensider 0 -2.5 g/l surfactants
0-6 g/l byggere og fyllstoffer 0 -0,4- g/l aktivt oksygen, henholdsvis ekvivalente 0-6 g/l builders and fillers 0 -0.4- g/l active oxygen, respectively equivalent
mengder aktivt klor. amounts of active chlorine.
Behandlingsbadets pH-verdi kan alt etter materiale som skal renses eller vaskes ligge på 6 -13, fortrinnsvis 8,5-12. Depending on the material to be cleaned or washed, the treatment bath's pH value can be 6-13, preferably 8.5-12.
Man har allerede i lang tid lett .etter en brukbar erstatning for fosfater, hvilken erstatning ikke bare skulle binde kalsium, men også nedbrytes biologisk i avløpsvannet. Man har foreslått de forskjelligste organiske forbindelser For a long time now, people have been looking for a usable substitute for phosphates, which substitute should not only bind calcium, but also break down biologically in the waste water. A wide variety of organic compounds have been proposed
som fosfaterstatninger. Den tekniske lære ifølge oppfinnelsen som bygger på å tilsette vannuoppløselige kationevekslende aluminiumsilikater for dette formål peker derfor på en helt annen løsning enn hva som hittil har vært aktuelt innen hele fagområdet. Det er i denne forbindelse særlig overraskende at de vannuoppløselige aluminiumsilikater kan skilles ut fullstendig av tekstilene. Bruken av aluminiumsilikater be-virker på to måter en avlastning av avløpsvannet: Fosfor-mengdene av avløpsvannet reduseres kraftig eller elimineres helt, videre trenger aluminiumsilikater intet oksygen for den biologiske nedbrytning. Aluminiumsilikater er av mineralsk natur, avsetter seg etter hvert i klaringsanlegg eller i naturlige vannveier, og oppfyller således de ideale krav til em fosfaterstatning. as phosphate substitutes. The technical teaching according to the invention, which is based on adding water-insoluble cation-exchange aluminum silicates for this purpose, therefore points to a completely different solution than what has hitherto been relevant within the entire subject area. In this connection, it is particularly surprising that the water-insoluble aluminum silicates can be separated completely from the textiles. The use of aluminum silicates relieves the waste water in two ways: The amount of phosphorus in the waste water is greatly reduced or completely eliminated, and aluminum silicates do not need any oxygen for the biological breakdown. Aluminum silicates are of a mineral nature, eventually depositing in sewage treatment plants or in natural waterways, and thus meet the ideal requirements for em phosphate replacement.
Men også vaske- og rense-teknisk har de aktuelle stoffer fordeler i forhold til andre og allerede foreslåtte t'o sf ater statninger : Aluminiumsilikatene adsorberer fargede forurensninger og innsparer således kjemiske blekemidler. But also from a washing and cleaning point of view, the substances in question have advantages compared to other and already proposed t'o sf ater substitutions: The aluminum silicates adsorb colored contaminants and thus save on chemical bleaching agents.
Oppfinnelsen angår således bestemte blandinger The invention thus relates to certain mixtures
som inneholder kalsium-bindende stoffer. Disse er karakterisert ved at de ved siden av minst en vaskende, blekende eller rensende, uorganisk eller organisk forbindelse, også inneholder som kalsiumbindende forbindelse, ovennevnte aluminiumsilikater. Fprøvrig kan blandingen tilsettes de vanlige hjelpe- og tilsetningsstoffer, for det meste i mindre m engder. which contain calcium-binding substances. These are characterized by the fact that, in addition to at least one washing, bleaching or cleansing, inorganic or organic compound, they also contain the above-mentioned aluminum silicates as a calcium-binding compound. For example, the usual auxiliaries and additives can be added to the mixture, mostly in smaller quantities.
Aluminiumsilikatinnholdet i slike blandinger kan ligge på 5- 95%, fortrinnsvis 15-60%. The aluminum silicate content in such mixtures can be 5-95%, preferably 15-60%.
Disse blandinger kan videre inneholde kompleksdannere og fellingsmidler for kalsium, hvis virkning alt etter blandingens sammensetning, fortrinnsvis fremkommer ved et innhold på 2-15%. These mixtures may also contain complexing agents and precipitating agents for calcium, the effect of which, depending on the composition of the mixture, preferably appears at a content of 2-15%.
Mengden av organiske fosfater og/eller organiske fosforforbindelser i henhold til oppfinnelsen bør ikke være større enn at de gir et total-P-innhold på 6%, fortrinnsvis 3$. The amount of organic phosphates and/or organic phosphorus compounds according to the invention should not be greater than they give a total P content of 6%, preferably 3%.
Alle disse prosentangivelser er vekt-prosenter, prosentangivelsene refererer seg "til den vannfrie aktive forbindelse, aktivt stoff = AS. All these percentages are weight percentages, the percentages refer "to the anhydrous active compound, active substance = AS.
Til de vaskende, blekende eller rensende forbindelser som er til stede i vaske- eller rense-middelblanding- To the washing, bleaching or cleaning compounds present in the washing or cleaning agent mix-
en ifølge oppfinnelsen, hører f. eks. tensider, tensidaktige eller ikke-tensidaktige skumstabilisatorer eller inhibitorer, tekstilbløtgjørende stoffer, nøytrale eller alkaliske fyllstoffer, kjemiske blekemidler og stabilisatorer, og/eller aktivatorer. Øvrige hjelpestoffer og tilsetninger som tilsettes, oftest i mindre mengde, er f. eks. korrosjonsinhi-bi-torer, antimikrobielle stoffer, smussbærende stoffer, enzymer, klaringsmidler, fargestoffer og parfymer, osv. one according to the invention, e.g. surfactants, surfactant-like or non-surfactant foam stabilizers or inhibitors, fabric softeners, neutral or alkaline fillers, chemical bleaches and stabilizers, and/or activators. Other auxiliaries and additives that are added, usually in smaller quantities, are e.g. corrosion inhibitors, antimicrobial substances, soil-carrying substances, enzymes, clarifying agents, dyes and perfumes, etc.
Sammensetningen av typiske tekstilvaskemiddel-blanding som skal brukes ved temperaturer på 50 - 100°C, The composition of typical textile detergent mixtures to be used at temperatures of 50 - 100°C,
ligger f. eks. innenfor følgende område: lies e.g. within the following area:
5 - 30 % anioniske og/eller ikke-ioniske tensider. 5 - 30% anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.
5 - 70 % vannuoppløselige aluminiumsilikater (på basis av AS) 2 - 4-5 % vannoppløselige kompleksdannere for kalsium 0 - 50 % ikke-kompleksdannende vaskealkalier 5 - 70% water-insoluble aluminum silicates (based on AS) 2 - 4-5% water-soluble complexing agents for calcium 0 - 50% non-complexing washing alkalis
(= alkaliske fyllstoffer) (= alkaline fillers)
0 - 50 % blekemidler, samt øvrige hjelpestoffer i tekstilvaskemidler, for det meste i mindre mengder. 1 det følgende skal det nevnes en del egnede stoffer som kan brukes i slike vaskemidler ifølge oppfinnelsen. 0 - 50% bleaching agents, as well as other auxiliary substances in textile detergents, mostly in smaller quantities. In the following, a number of suitable substances that can be used in such detergents according to the invention must be mentioned.
Tensidene inneholder i molekylet minst en hydro- The surfactants contain in the molecule at least one hydro-
fob organisk rest og en vannoppløseliggjørende anionisk, zwitterionisk eller ikke-ionisk gruppe, Den hydrofobe rest er phob organic residue and a water-solubilizing anionic, zwitterionic or nonionic group, The hydrophobic residue is
for det meste en alifatisk hydrokarbonrest med 8-26, fortrinnsvis 10-22 og .særlig 12-18 C-atomer, eller en alkylaromatisk rest med 6-18, og fortrinnsvis 8-16 alifatiske C-atomer. mostly an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with 8-26, preferably 10-22 and especially 12-18 C atoms, or an alkylaromatic residue with 6-18, and preferably 8-16 aliphatic C atoms.
Som anioniske tensider er f. eks. såper av naturlige eller syntetiske, fortrinnsvis mettede fettsyrer, aktuelle og videre av harpiks- eller naftensyre. Egnede syntetiske anioniske tensider er av typen sulfonater, sulfater eller syntetiske karboksylater. As anionic surfactants, e.g. soaps of natural or synthetic, preferably saturated fatty acids, topical and further of rosin or naphthenic acid. Suitable synthetic anionic surfactants are of the type sulphonates, sulphates or synthetic carboxylates.
Tensider av sulfonattyppn er alkylbenzensulfonater (C^_i^-alkyl), blandinger av alken- og hydroksyalkansulfo-nater, samt disulfonater, f. eks. fremstilt ut fra monoolefiner med eiadeplassert eller midtplassert dobbeltbinding ved sulfonering med gassformig svoveltrioksyd pg påfølgende alkali-eller syre-hydrolyse av sulfoneringsproduktene. Videre egner seg alkansulfonater. fremstilt av alkaner ved sulfoklorering eller sul foksydasjon og påfølgende hydrolyse eller nøytrali-sasjon, henholdsvis bisulfittaddisjon på olefiner. Andre brukbare tensider av sulfonattypen er estere av a-sulfofettsyrer, f. eks. a-sulfonsyrer av hydrogenerte metyl- eller etylestere av kokos-, palmekjerne- eller talgfettsyre. Surfactants of the sulfonate type are alkylbenzenesulfonates (C1-12-alkyl), mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates, as well as disulfonates, e.g. produced from monoolefins with a side-placed or centrally-placed double bond by sulphonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide due to subsequent alkali or acid hydrolysis of the sulphonation products. Alkanesulfonates are also suitable. produced from alkanes by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization, respectively bisulfite addition to olefins. Other usable surfactants of the sulfonate type are esters of α-sulfofatty acids, e.g. α-sulfonic acids of hydrogenated methyl or ethyl esters of coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acid.
Egnede tensider av sulfattypen er svovelsyre-monoestere av primære alkoholer (f. eks. av kokosfettalko-holer, talgfettalkoholer eller oleylalkohol) og av sekundære alkoholer. Videre egner seg sulfaterte fettsyrealkanolamider, fettsyremonoglycerider eller omsetningsprodukter av 1 - 4- mol etylenoksyd med primære eller sekundære fettalkoholer eller alkylfenoler. Suitable sulfate-type surfactants are sulfuric acid monoesters of primary alcohols (eg of coconut fat alcohols, tallow fat alcohols or oleyl alcohol) and of secondary alcohols. Sulphated fatty acid alkanolamides, fatty acid monoglycerides or reaction products of 1 - 4 moles of ethylene oxide with primary or secondary fatty alcohols or alkylphenols are also suitable.
Andre egnede anioniske tensider er fettsyreestere eller -amider av hydrbksy- eller amino-karbonsyrer eller -sulfonsyrer som f. eks. fett syresarcosider, -glykolater, Other suitable anionic surfactants are fatty acid esters or amides of hydroxy- or amino-carboxylic acids or -sulfonic acids such as, for example fatty acid sarcosides, -glycolates,
-lactater, -taurider eller -isetionater. -lactates, -taurides or -isethionates.
De anioniske tensider kan foreligge som natrium-, kalium- og ammoniumsalter eller som oppløselige salter av organiske baser som mono-, di- eller trietanolamin. The anionic surfactants can be present as sodium, potassium and ammonium salts or as soluble salts of organic bases such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
Som ikke-ioniske tensider nevnes addisjonsprodukter av 4 -4-0 mol, fortrinnsvis 4- - 20 mol etylenoksyd på 1 mol fettalkohol, alkylfenol, fettsyre, fettamin, fettsyreamid Mentioned as non-ionic surfactants are addition products of 4-4-0 mol, preferably 4--20 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of fatty alcohol, alkylphenol, fatty acid, fatty amine, fatty acid amide
eller alkansulfonamid. Særlig viktige er addisjonsprbdukter av 5-16 mol etylenoksyd på kokos- eller talgfettalkoholer, ole- or alkanesulfonamide. Particularly important are addition products of 5-16 mol ethylene oxide on coconut or tallow fatty alcohols, ole-
ylalkohol eller andre sekundære alkoholer med 8-18, for-:: trinnsvis, 12 - 18 c-atomer, samt på mono- eller dialkyl-fenoler med 6 -14- c-atomer i alkylrestene. Ved siden av disse vann-uoppløselige ikke-ioniske stoffer kan man også bruke ikke-henholdsvis ufullstendig vannoppløselige polyglykoleter med 1-4. etyl englykoletérre ster pr. molekyl, særlig når de brukes sammen med vannoppløselige ikke-ioniske eller anioniske tensider. yl alcohol or other secondary alcohols with 8-18, for-:: stepwise, 12-18 c-atoms, as well as on mono- or dialkyl-phenols with 6-14- c-atoms in the alkyl residues. In addition to these water-insoluble non-ionic substances, non-respectively incompletely water-soluble polyglycol ethers with 1-4 can also be used. ethyl englycol ether ester per molecule, especially when used with water-soluble nonionic or anionic surfactants.
Videre kan man bruke som ikke-ioniske tensider vannuoppløselige addisjonsprodukter av etylenoksyd og poly-propylenglykol med 20 - 250 etylenglykoletergrupper og 10 - 100 propylenglykoletergrupper (="Pluronics"^R^), alkylen-diamin-polypropylenglykol (="Tetronics"(^}) °g alkylpolypropyl-englykoler med 1-10 c-atomer i alkylkjeden, hvor polypro-pylenglykolkjeden fungerer som hydrofob rest. Furthermore, water-insoluble addition products of ethylene oxide and polypropylene glycol with 20 - 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and 10 - 100 propylene glycol ether groups (="Pluronics"^R^), alkylene-diamine-polypropylene glycol (="Tetronics"(^}) can also be used as non-ionic surfactants ) °g alkylpolypropylene glycols with 1-10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, where the polypropylene glycol chain functions as a hydrophobic residue.
Også ikke-ioniske tensider av typen aminoksyder eller sulfoksyder kan brukes. Non-ionic surfactants of the type amine oxides or sulphoxides can also be used.
Tensidenes skummeevne lar seg øke eller nedsette ved kombinasjon av egnede tensidtyper, en nedsettelse av skum-mingen lar seg også oppnå ved tilsetning av ikke-tensid-aktige organiske stoffer. The surfactants' foaming ability can be increased or decreased by combining suitable surfactant types, a reduction in foaming can also be achieved by adding non-surfactant-like organic substances.
Som skumstabilisatorer vil det egne seg, særlig i forbindelse med tensider av sulfonat- eller sulfattypen, kapillaraktive karboksy- eller sulfo-betainer samt ovennevnte ikke-ioniske forbindelser av alkylolamidtypen, videre har man for dette formål foreslått fettalkoholer eller høyere ende-plasserte dioler. As foam stabilizers, it will be suitable, particularly in connection with surfactants of the sulfonate or sulfate type, capillary-active carboxy or sulfo-betaines as well as the above-mentioned non-ionic compounds of the alkylolamide type, and fatty alcohols or higher end-positioned diols have also been proposed for this purpose.
Nedsatt skumming, som gir lavtskummende vaskemidler som er ønsket som maskinvaskemidler, oppnås ved kombinasjon av forskjellige tensidtyper, f. eks. sulfater eller, sulfonater med ikke-ioniske stoffer og/eller med såper. For såper stiger skumdempingen med metningsgraden og fettsyre-restens C-tall, såper av mettede ^20-24"^^^syrer egner seg derfor særlig som skumdempere. Reduced foaming, which gives low-foaming detergents that are desired as machine detergents, is achieved by combining different surfactant types, e.g. sulfates or, sulfonates with non-ionic substances and/or with soaps. For soaps, foam suppression increases with the degree of saturation and the C number of the fatty acid residue, soaps of saturated ^20-24"^^^acids are therefore particularly suitable as foam suppressants.
Til de ikke-tensidaktige skuminhibitorer, skum-dempende midler, hører også eventuelt klorholdige N-alkylerte aminotriaziner som fremstilles ved omsetning av 1 mol cyan-urklorid med 2-3 mol mono- og/eller dialkylamin inneholdende 6 -20 og fortrinnsvis 8-18 c-atomer i alkyl-resten. På liknende måte virker propoksylerte og/eller bu-toksylerte aminotriaziner f. eks. produkter som fremstilles ved addisjon av 5 - 10 mol propylenoksyd pr. 1 mol melamin og videre addisjon av 10 - 15 mol butylenoksyd på dette pro-pylenoksydderivat. The non-surfactant foam inhibitors, foam-suppressants, also include possibly chlorine-containing N-alkylated aminotriazines which are produced by reacting 1 mol of cyanuric chloride with 2-3 mol of mono- and/or dialkylamine containing 6-20 and preferably 8-18 c atoms in the alkyl residue. In a similar way, propoxylated and/or bu-toxylated aminotriazines, e.g. products that are produced by adding 5 - 10 mol of propylene oxide per 1 mol of melamine and further addition of 10 - 15 mol of butylene oxide to this propylene oxide derivative.
Som ikke-tensid-aktige skuminhibitorer vil det videre egne seg vannuoppløselige organiske forbindelser som parafiner eller halogenparafiner med smeltepunkter under 100°C, alifatiske C^g- til C^Q-ketoner eller alifatiske kar-bonsyreestere som inneholder minst 18 c-atomer i syre- eller alkoholresten, eventuelt i begge disse rester, (f. eks. tri-glycerider eller fettsyrefettalkoholestere ), disse lar seg særlig bruke ved kombinasjon av tensider av sulfat- og/eller sulfonat-typen med såper for å dempe skummet. As non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors, water-insoluble organic compounds such as paraffins or halogenated paraffins with melting points below 100°C, aliphatic C^g- to C^Q-ketones or aliphatic carboxylic acid esters containing at least 18 carbon atoms in the acid or alcohol residue, possibly in both of these residues, (e.g. triglycerides or fatty acid fatty alcohol esters), these can be used in particular when combining surfactants of the sulphate and/or sulphonate type with soaps to dampen the foam.
Særlig svaktskummende ikke-ioniske stoffer, som kan brukes alene eller kombinert med anioniske, zwitterioniske eller ikke-ioniske tensider, og som demper skummet kraftig, Especially low-foaming non-ionic substances, which can be used alone or in combination with anionic, zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactants, and which suppress the foam strongly,
er addisjonsprodukter av propylenoksyd på den nevnte kapillaraktive polyetylenglykoletere, samt de beskrevne addisjonsprodukter av etylenoksyd på polypropylenglykoler og alkylen-diamin-polypropylenglykoler eller _^Q-alkyl-polypropylenglykoler. are addition products of propylene oxide on the aforementioned capillary-active polyethylene glycol ethers, as well as the described addition products of ethylene oxide on polypropylene glycols and alkylene-diamine-polypropylene glycols or _^Q-alkyl-polypropylene glycols.
Som byggerstoffer vil svakt sure, nøytrale eller alkaliske, uorganiske eller organiske salter egne seg. As building materials, weakly acidic, neutral or alkaline, inorganic or organic salts will be suitable.
Brukbare, svakt sure, nøytrale eller alkaliske salter er f. -eks, bikarbonater, karbonater, borater eller silikater av alkalimetallene, alkalisulfater eller alkali-salter av organiske, ikke-kapillaraktive sulfonsyrer inneholdende 1-8 c-atomer, karbonsyrer og sulfokarbonsyrer. Hertil hører f. eks. vannoppløselige salter av benzen-, toluen-eller xylensulfonsyre, vannoppløselige salter av sulfoeddik-syre, sulfobenzosyre eller sulfodikarbonsyrer. Usable weakly acidic, neutral or alkaline salts are, for example, bicarbonates, carbonates, borates or silicates of the alkali metals, alkali sulphates or alkali salts of organic, non-capillary-active sulphonic acids containing 1-8 carbon atoms, carboxylic acids and sulphocarbonic acids. This includes e.g. water-soluble salts of benzene, toluene or xylenesulfonic acid, water-soluble salts of sulfoacetic acid, sulfobenzoic acid or sulfodicarbonic acids.
De forbindelser som innledningsvis er nevnt The connections mentioned at the outset
som kompleksdannere og fellingsmidler for kalsium er gjennomgående også egnet som byggere, de kan derfor finnes i vaskemidler og rensemidler i henhold til oppfinnelsen også i større mengder enn det som trengs for oppfylling av deres funksjon som kompleksdannere og fellingsmidler for kalsium. as complex formers and precipitants for calcium are generally also suitable as builders, they can therefore be found in detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention also in larger quantities than is needed to fulfill their function as complex formers and precipitants for calcium.
Bestanddelene i tekstilvaskemidler eller hus-holdningsrengjøringsmidler særlig når det gjelder byggerne, velges for det meste slik at preparatene reagerer nøytralt til kraftig alkalisk, slik at pH-verdien for en 1#-ig oppløsning av preparatet generelt vil ligge på 7 - 12. Finvaskemidler har derved en nøytral til svakt alkalisk reaksjon (f. eks. The ingredients in textile detergents or household cleaners, especially when it comes to builders, are mostly chosen so that the preparations react neutrally to strongly alkaline, so that the pH value for a 1# solution of the preparation will generally be 7 - 12. Detergents have thereby a neutral to slightly alkaline reaction (e.g.
pH= 7 - 9,5)f mens bløtemidler, forvaskemidler og kokvaske-midler reagerer kraftigere alkalisk (pH-verdi = 9,5 - 12, fortrinnsvis 10 - 11,5). Hvis man for spesielle renseformål kre-ver høyere pH-verdier kan disse lett innstilles ved å bruke alkalisilikater med egnet NagO : Si02"forhold, eller med etz-alkali. pH= 7 - 9.5)f while fabric softeners, pre-wash agents and kitchen detergents react more strongly alkaline (pH value = 9.5 - 12, preferably 10 - 11.5). If, for special cleaning purposes, higher pH values are required, these can be easily adjusted by using alkali silicates with a suitable NagO : SiO2 ratio, or with ez-alkali.
Blant de blekende, H202-leverende forbindelser Among the bleaching, H202-yielding compounds
i vann, har natriumperborat-tetrahydrat (NaBO^ . H^O^ • ^H^O) in water, has sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO^ . H^O^ • ^H^O)
og -monohydratet (NaB02 . H^O^) særlig betydning. Man kan imidlertid også bruke andre H^O^-avgivende borater, f. eks. per-borax Na2B^0y . 4H2O2. Disse forbindelser kan helt eller delvis erstattes med andre aktivoksygen-bærestpffer, særlig av peroksyhydrater som peroksykarbonater (Na^CO^ . 1,5 H2O2), peroksypyrofosfater, citratperhydrater, urea-H202~ eller melamin-H202-forbindeiser og H202~avgivende persure salter som caroater (KHSO^), perbenzoater eller peroksyftalater. and the -monohydrate (NaB02 . H^O^) of particular importance. However, you can also use other H^O^-releasing borates, e.g. per-borax Na2B^0y . 4H2O2. These compounds can be completely or partially replaced by other active oxygen carrier residues, in particular by peroxyhydrates such as peroxycarbonates (Na^CO^ . 1.5 H2O2), peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates, urea-H202~ or melamine-H202 compounds and H202~ releasing peracid salts such as caroates (KHSO^), perbenzoates or peroxyphthalates.
Det lønner seg å innarbeide de vanlige vannopp-løselige og/eller vannuoppløselige stabilisatorer for per-oksyf orbindel sene i mengder på 0,25 - 10 vekt%. Som vann-uoppløselige stabilisatorer som f. eks. utgjør 1 - 8 og fortrinnsvis 2 - 7 % av den samlede preparatvekt brukes med fordel magnesiumsilikater MgO : SiOg = U '• 1 til 1 : U, fortrinnsvis 2 : 1 til 1 : 2, og særlig i forholdet 1 : 1, fremstilt ved felling. I stedet for disse kan man bruke andre jordalkalimetall-, kadmium- eller tinn-silikater med tilsvarende sammensetning. Også vannholdige oksyder av tinn er egnet som stabilisatorer. Vannoppløselige stabilisatorer som kan tilsettes sammen med vannuoppløselige stabilisatorer er organiske kompleksdannere som kan utgjøre 0,25 - 5 %, fortrinnsvis 0,5 - 2,5 %- a. v totalvekten. It pays to incorporate the usual water-soluble and/or water-insoluble stabilizers for peroxyf orbindel ten in amounts of 0.25 - 10% by weight. As water-insoluble stabilizers such as e.g. make up 1 - 8 and preferably 2 - 7% of the total preparation weight, magnesium silicates MgO : SiOg = U '• 1 to 1 : U, preferably 2 : 1 to 1 : 2, and especially in the ratio 1 : 1, prepared by felling. Instead of these, other alkaline earth metal, cadmium or tin silicates with a similar composition can be used. Hydrous oxides of tin are also suitable as stabilizers. Water-soluble stabilizers that can be added together with water-insoluble stabilizers are organic complexing agents that can amount to 0.25 - 5%, preferably 0.5 - 2.5%, by weight of the total weight.
For å oppnå en tilfredsstillende blekevirkning allerede ved temperaturer under 80°C, særlig i områder 40-60°G, innarbeides fortrinnsvis aktivatorholdige blekekomponenter i vaskepreparatet. In order to achieve a satisfactory bleaching effect already at temperatures below 80°C, particularly in areas 40-60°G, activator-containing bleaching components are preferably incorporated into the washing preparation.
Som aktivatorer for H20£-avgivende perforbindel-ser i vann, tjener bestemte N-acyl-, 0-acyl-forbindelser som danner organiske persyrer med dette H2O2' særlig acetyl-, propionyl- eller benzoyl-forbindelser og kullsyre- eller pyro-kullsyre-estere, Brukbare forbindelser er blant andre: N-diacylerte og N, N'-tetraacyle rte aminer som f, eks. N,N,N'N'-tetraacetyl-metylendiamin eller -etylendiamin, N,N-diacetyl-anilin og N,N-diacetyl-p-toluidin eller 1,3-diacylerte hydan-toiner, alkyl-N-sulfonyl-karbonamider som N-metyl-N-mesyl-acetamid, N-metyl-N-mesyl-benzamid, N-metyl-N-mesyl-p-nitro-benzamid og N-metyl-N-mesyl-p-metoksybenzamid, N-acylerte sykliske hydrazider, acylerte triazoler eller urazoler som monoacetylmaleinsyrehydrazid, 0,N,N-trisubstituerte hydroksy-aminer som 0-benzoyl-N,N-succinyl-hydroksylamin, 0-acetyl-N,N-succinyl-hydroksylamin, 0-p-metoksybenzoyl-N,N-succinyl-hydrok-sylamin, O-p-nitrobenzoyl-N,N-succinylhydroksylamin og 0,N,N-triacetyl-hydroksylamin : N,N<1->diacyl-sulfuryl-amider som N,N'-dimetyl-N,N<1->diacetylsulfurylamid og N,N<1->dietyl-N,N<1->dipropionyl-sulfurylamid, triacylcyanurater som triacetyl- eller tribenzoylcyanurat, karbonsyreanhydrider som benzosyrean-hydrid, m-klorbenzosyreanhydrid, ftalsyreanhydrid, 4-klorftal-syreanhydrid, sukkerestere som glycosepenta-acetat, 1,3-diacyl-4,5-diacyloksy-imidazolidiner, eksempelvis forbindelsene 1 , 3-dif or myl -4-, 5-diacetoksy-imidazolidin, 1,3-diacetyl-4,5-diacetoksy-imidazolidin, 1,3-diacetyl-4,5-dipropionyloksy-imidazolidin, acylerte glykoluriler som tetrapropionylglyko<l>uril eller diacetyl-dibenzoyl-glykoluril, diacylerte 2,5-diketo-plperaziner som 1, 4-diacetyl-2, 5-diketopiperazin, 1,4--dipropionyl-2, 5-diketopiperazin, 1, 4--dipropionyl-3, 6-dimetyl-2, 5-diketopiperazin, acetylerings- henholdsvis benzo.ylerings-produkter av propylendiurea eller 2,2-dimetyl-propylendiurea (2, ly, 6, 8-tetraaza-bisyklo- (3, 3, 1 ) -nonan-3 , 7-dion eller dens 9,9-dimetylderivat), natriumsalter av p-(etoksykarbonyl-oksy)-benzosyre og p-(propoksykarbonyloksy)-benzensulfonsyre. Certain N-acyl, O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with this H2O2', in particular acetyl, propionyl or benzoyl compounds and carbonic or pyrocarbonic acid serve as activators for H20£-releasing perforlinks in water -esters, Useful compounds include: N-diacylated and N,N'-tetraacylated amines such as, e.g. N,N,N'N'-tetraacetyl-methylenediamine or -ethylenediamine, N,N-diacetyl-aniline and N,N-diacetyl-p-toluidine or 1,3-diacylated hydantoins, alkyl-N-sulfonyl carbonamides as N-methyl-N-mesyl-acetamide, N-methyl-N-mesyl-benzamide, N-methyl-N-mesyl-p-nitro-benzamide and N-methyl-N-mesyl-p-methoxybenzamide, N-acylated cyclic hydrazides, acylated triazoles or urazoles such as monoacetylmaleic hydrazide, 0,N,N-trisubstituted hydroxyamines such as 0-benzoyl-N,N-succinyl-hydroxylamine, 0-acetyl-N,N-succinyl-hydroxylamine, 0-p-methoxybenzoyl -N,N-succinyl-hydroxylamine, O-p-nitrobenzoyl-N,N-succinyl-hydroxylamine and 0,N,N-triacetyl-hydroxylamine : N,N<1->diacyl-sulfuryl-amides such as N,N'-dimethyl -N,N<1->diacetylsulfurylamide and N,N<1->diethyl-N,N<1->dipropionyl-sulfurylamide, triacylcyanurates such as triacetyl- or tribenzoylcyanurate, carbonic anhydrides such as benzoic anhydride, m-chlorobenzoic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, 4 -chlorophthalic anhydride, sugar esters such as glycosepenta-acetate, 1,3-diacyl-4,5-diacyloxy-i midazolidines, for example the compounds 1,3-dif ormyl-4-,5-diacetoxy-imidazolidine, 1,3-diacetyl-4,5-diacetoxy-imidazolidine, 1,3-diacetyl-4,5-dipropionyloxy-imidazolidine, acylated glycolurils such as tetrapropionylglyco<l>uril or diacetyl-dibenzoyl-glycoluril, diacylated 2,5-diketo-plperazines such as 1, 4-diacetyl-2, 5-diketopiperazine, 1,4--dipropionyl-2, 5-diketopiperazine, 1, 4--dipropionyl-3, 6-dimethyl-2, 5-diketopiperazine, acetylation and benzoylation products of propylenediurea or 2,2-dimethyl-propylenediurea (2, ly, 6, 8-tetraaza-bicyclo- (3 , 3, 1 )-nonan-3, 7-dione or its 9,9-dimethyl derivative), sodium salts of p-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)benzoic acid and p-(propoxycarbonyloxy)benzenesulfonic acid.
De blekeaktive klorforbindeiser kan være uorganiske eller organiske. The bleach-active chlorine compounds can be inorganic or organic.
Til de uorganiske aktive klorforbindeiser hører alkalihypokloritter som særlig brukes i form av deres bland-salter eller addisjonsforbindel ser til orthofosfater eller på kondenserte fosfater, f. eks. på pyro- og poly-fosfater eller på alkalisilikater. Hvis vaske- eller vaske-hjelpe-stoffene inneholder mono-persulfater og -klorider danner det seg aktivt klor i vandig oppløsning. The inorganic active chlorine compounds include alkali hypochlorites, which are particularly used in the form of their mixed salts or addition compounds to orthophosphates or to condensed phosphates, e.g. on pyro- and poly-phosphates or on alkali silicates. If the detergents or detergents contain mono-persulphates and chlorides, active chlorine is formed in aqueous solution.
Som organiske aktive klorforbindelser kommer særlig N-klprforbindelser i betraktning, hvor ett eller to kloratomer er bundet til et nitrogenatom og fortrinnsvis nitrogenatomets tredje valens fører til en negativ gruppe, særlig til en CO- eller S02~gruppe. Til disse forbindelser hører diklor- og triklor-cyanursyre og deres salter, klorerte alkylguanider eller alkylbiguanider, klorerte hydanto-iner og klorerte melaminer. As organic active chlorine compounds, N-chlorine compounds in particular come into consideration, where one or two chlorine atoms are bound to a nitrogen atom and preferably the third valence of the nitrogen atom leads to a negative group, in particular to a CO or SO2~ group. These compounds include dichloro- and trichloro-cyanuric acid and their salts, chlorinated alkylguanides or alkylbiguanides, chlorinated hydantoins and chlorinated melamines.
Preparater og midler ifølge oppfinnelsen kan videre inneholde ' smussbærende stoffer som holder smusset som er utløst fra fibrene suspendert i væsken og hindrer en gråning av tøyet. Egnet til dette er særlig vannoppløselige kolloider, for cet meste av organisk natur, f. eks. vannoppløselige salter av polymere karbonsyrer, lim, gelatiner, salter av eterkarbon-syrer eller etersulfonsyrer av stivelse eller cellulose, eller salter av sure svovelsyreestere av cellulose eller stivelse. Man kan også bruke vannoppløselige polyamider inneholdende sure grupper. Videre kan man bruke oppløsélige stivelses-preparater og andre stivelsesprodukter enn de ovennevnte, f. eks. avbygget stivelse, aldehydstivelse osv. Også poly-vinylpyrrolidon er brukbar. Preparations and agents according to the invention can further contain dirt-carrying substances which keep the dirt released from the fibers suspended in the liquid and prevent graying of the laundry. Particularly suitable for this are water-soluble colloids, mostly of an organic nature, e.g. water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glues, gelatins, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulphonic acids of starch or cellulose, or salts of acid sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups can also be used. You can also use soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above, e.g. denatured starch, aldehyde starch, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also usable.
De enzympreparater som kan brukes er for det The enzyme preparations that can be used are for that
meste en blanding av anzymer med forskjellig virkning, f. mostly a mixture of enzymes with different effects, e.g.
eks. proteaser, karbohydraser, esteraser, lipaser, oksidor-eduktaser, katalaser, peroksidaser, isomeraser, lyaser, trans-feraser, desmolaser eller nukleaser. Av særlig interesse er enzymer utvunnet av bakteristammér eller sopp som Bacillus sub-tilis eller Streptomyces griseus, særlig proteaser eller amylaser som er relativt bestandige overfor alkali, perforbind-elser og anioniske tensider og er virksomme opptil temperaturer på 70°C. e.g. proteases, carbohydrases, esterases, lipases, oxidoreductases, catalases, peroxidases, isomerases, lyases, transferases, desmolases or nucleases. Of particular interest are enzymes extracted from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis or Streptomyces griseus, especially proteases or amylases which are relatively resistant to alkali, perforate compounds and anionic surfactants and are effective up to temperatures of 70°C.
Enzympreparater leveres fra fabrikantene for det meste som vandige oppløsninger av de virksomme stoffer eller som pulvere, granulater osv, som kaldforst øvede produkter. Enzyme preparations are supplied from the manufacturers mostly as aqueous solutions of the active substances or as powders, granules, etc., as cold-pressed products.
De inneholder som blandingsmidler ofte natriumsulfat, na-triumklorid, alkaliortho-, pyro- eller polyfosfat. v Man legger særlig vekt på støvfrie preparater som på kjent måte fåes ved å innarbeide oljeaktige eller pastaformige ikke-ioniske stoffer, eller ved granulering ved hjelp av smelter av kry-stallvannholdige salter i eget krystallvann. They often contain sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, alkali ortho-, pyro- or polyphosphate as admixtures. v Particular emphasis is placed on dust-free preparations which are obtained in a known manner by incorporating oily or pasty non-ionic substances, or by granulation using melts of salts containing crystal water in separate crystal water.
Man kan innarbeide enzymer som'er spesifikke for en bestemt smusstype, f. eks. proteaser eller amylaser eller lipaser, man bruker med fordel kombinasjoner av enzymer med forskjellig virkning, særlig kombinasjoner av proteaser og amylaser. You can incorporate enzymes that are specific for a certain type of dirt, e.g. proteases or amylases or lipases, it is advantageous to use combinations of enzymes with different effects, in particular combinations of proteases and amylases.
Vaskemidlene kan også inneholder optiske klarings,-midler for bomull, særlig derivater av diaminostilbendisul-fonsyre eller alkalimetallsalter av denne. For eksempel egner det seg salter av U, i 1 -bis (2-anilino-4--morfolino-1, 3, 5-tri-azin-6-yl-amino)-stilben-2,2'-disulfonsyre eller lignende oppbyggede forbindelser som i stedet for morfolingruppen inneholder en dietanolamingruppe, en metylaminogruppe eller en 2-metoksyetylaminogruppe. Som klaringsmiddel for polyamid-fibre kan man bruke stoffer av 1,3-diaryl-2-pyrazolin-typen, eksempelvis forbindelsen 1 -(p-sulfamoylfenyl)-3-(p-klorfenyl)-2-pyrazolin og lignende oppbyggede forbindelser som i stedet for sulfamoylgruppen f. eks. inneholder en metoksykarbonyl-, 2-metoksy-etoksykarbonyl-, acetylamino- eller vinylsulfonyl-gruppe. Brukbare polyamidklaringsmidler er videre substi-tuerte aminocumariner, f. eks. 4-metyl-7-dimetylamino- eller 4.-metyl-7-dietylaminocumarin . Som polyamidklaringsmidl er er videre forbindelsene 1 -(2-benzimidazolyl)-2-(1-hydroksyetyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-etylen og 1-etyl-3-fenyl-7-dietyl-amino-karbostyril brukbare. Som klaringsmidler for, polyester- og polyamid-fibre vil forbindelsene 2,5-di-(2-benz-r oksazolyl)-tiofen, 2-(2-benzoksazolyl)-naf to£ 2,3-b7 -tio-fen og 1,2-di-(5-metyl-2-benzoksazolyl)-etylen være egnet. Videre kan man bruke klaringsmidler av typen substituert 4-f4'-distyryl-dif enyl, f. eks. forbindelsen U, U '-bis (4--klor-3-sulfostyryl)-difenyl. Også blandinger av nevnte klaringsmidler kan brukes. The detergents may also contain optical brighteners for cotton, in particular derivatives of diaminostilbenesulfonic acid or alkali metal salts thereof. For example, salts of U, i 1 -bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1, 3, 5-tri-azin-6-yl-amino)-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like are suitable structured compounds which instead of the morpholine group contain a diethanolamine group, a methylamino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. As a clarifying agent for polyamide fibers, substances of the 1,3-diaryl-2-pyrazoline type can be used, for example the compound 1 -(p-sulfamoylphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline and similarly structured compounds as in instead of the sulfamoyl group, e.g. contains a methoxycarbonyl, 2-methoxyethoxycarbonyl, acetylamino or vinylsulfonyl group. Useful polyamide clarifying agents are further substituted aminocoumarins, e.g. 4-methyl-7-dimethylamino- or 4-methyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin. As polyamide clarifying agents, the compounds 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-2-(1-hydroxyethyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-ethylene and 1-ethyl-3-phenyl-7-diethyl-amino-carbostyril are also usable. As clarifying agents for polyester and polyamide fibres, the compounds 2,5-di-(2-benz-r oxazolyl)-thiophene, 2-(2-benzoxazolyl)-naphtho£ 2,3-b7 -thiophene and 1,2-di-(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl)-ethylene be suitable. You can also use clarifying agents of the type substituted 4-f4'-distyryl-diphenyl, e.g. the compound U, U '-bis(4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl)-diphenyl. Mixtures of said clarifying agents can also be used.
Av særlig praktisk interesse er midler ifølge oppfinnelsen som har pulverformet til kornet beskaffenhet og som kan fremstilles på forskjellige kjente måter. Of particular practical interest are agents according to the invention which have a powdery to granular nature and which can be produced in various known ways.
For eksempel kan man blande pulverformede aluminiumsilikater på enkel måte med de andre komponenter i vaskemiddelet, hvorved oljeaktige eller pastaformede produkter som f. eks. ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler dusjes på . pulveret. En annen fremstillingsmulighet består i å innarbeide de pulverformede aluminiumsilikater i andre bestanddeler i vaskemiddelet som foreligger som en vandig grøt og som ved kryatallisasjon eller tørkning i varme overføres til et pulver. Etter varmtørkning, f. eks. ved valsing eller i forstøvningstårn kan man da innarbeide varme- pg fuktighets-ømfintelige bestanddeler som f. eks. blekekomponenter og aktivatorer for disse enzymer, antimikrobielle stoffer, osv. For example, powdered aluminum silicates can be easily mixed with the other components in the detergent, whereby oily or pasty products such as e.g. non-ionic surfactants are showered on . the powder. Another production possibility consists in incorporating the powdered aluminum silicates into other components of the detergent which is present as a watery slurry and which is transferred to a powder by crystallization or drying in heat. After heat drying, e.g. by rolling or in an atomizing tower, you can then incorporate heat- and moisture-sensitive components such as e.g. bleaching components and activators for these enzymes, antimicrobial substances, etc.
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av aliminiumsilikat I- XX. Process for the production of aluminum silicate I-XX.
Først beskrives fremstillingen av ferdigfrem-stilt aluminiumsilikat som skal benyttes i henhold til oppfinnelsen, og hvor det ikke kreves noen patentbeskyttelse for selve fremstillingen. First, the production of ready-made aluminum silicate to be used according to the invention is described, and where no patent protection is required for the production itself.
I en beholder med volum 15 1 tilsatte man under kraftig røring en silikatoppløsning til en aluminiumoppløsning fortynnet med ionefritt vann. Begge oppløsninger holdt rom-temperatur. Under eksoterm reaksjon dannet det seg som pri-mært fellingsprodukt et røntgenamorft natriumaluminiumsilikat. Etter 10 minutters kraftig .røring ble suspensjonen av fellings-produktet overført til en krystallisasjonsbeholder hvor blandingen ble holdt en viss tid ved forhøyet temperatur for å øke krystallisasjonen. Etter frasugning av moderluten og vasking med ionefritt vann til vaskevannet holdt en pH-verdi på ca. 10, ble filterresten tørket. I den grad man har forlatt denne generelle fremstillingsforskrift er dette uttrykkelig nevnt i den spesielle del. For eksempél benyttet man i enkelte tilfelle for anvendelsestekniske forsøk en homo-genisert og ikke-krystallisert suspensjon av fellingsproduktét, eller krystallgrøten. Vanngehalten ble bestemt ved 1 times oppvarming av produktene ved 800°C. In a container with a volume of 15 1, a silicate solution was added to an aluminum solution diluted with deionized water under vigorous stirring. Both solutions were kept at room temperature. During the exothermic reaction, an X-ray amorphous sodium aluminum silicate formed as the primary precipitation product. After 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension of the precipitation product was transferred to a crystallization vessel where the mixture was kept for a certain time at an elevated temperature to increase crystallization. After extraction of the mother liquor and washing with ion-free water until the wash water maintained a pH value of approx. 10, the filter residue was dried. To the extent that these general manufacturing regulations have been abandoned, this is expressly mentioned in the special part. For example, a homogenized and non-crystallized suspension of the precipitation product, or the crystal slurry, was used in some cases for technical application trials. The water content was determined by heating the products at 800°C for 1 hour.
Ved fremstillingen av mikrokrystallinsk aluminiumsilikat, karakterisert ved "m" ble aluminatoppløsningen fortynnet med ionefritt vann og tilsatt silikatoppløsning under røring med en hurtigrører med omdreiningshastighet 10 000 omdr./min., fabrikat "Ultraturrax" fra firma Janke und Kunkel IKA-Werk, Staufen/Breisgau/Tyskland V. Etter 10 minutters kraftig røring ble suspensjonen av det amorfe fell ingsprodukt overført til en krystallisasjonsbeholder hvor dannelsen av store krystaller ble forhindret ved røring av suspensjonen. Etter frafiltrering av moderluten og vasking med ionefritt vann til vaskevannet hadde en pH-verdi på ca. 10,ble filterresten tørket, derpå malt i kulemølle og delt.i to fraksjoner gjennom en spesialsikt ("Mikroplex-sikt" fra firma Alpine, Augsburg, Vest-Tyskland), herav den fineste fraksjon ikke inneholdt partikler over 10 um. Kornstørrelses-fordelingen ble bestemt med en sedimentasjonsvekt. In the production of microcrystalline aluminum silicate, characterized by "m", the aluminate solution was diluted with deionized water and the silicate solution was added while stirring with a high-speed stirrer with a rotation speed of 10,000 rpm, make "Ultraturrax" from the company Janke und Kunkel IKA-Werk, Staufen/ Breisgau/Germany V. After 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension of the amorphous precipitation product was transferred to a crystallization vessel where the formation of large crystals was prevented by stirring the suspension. After filtering off the mother liquor and washing with ion-free water until the wash water had a pH value of approx. 10, the filter residue was dried, then ground in a ball mill and divided into two fractions through a special sieve ("Mikroplex sieve" from the company Alpine, Augsburg, West Germany), of which the finest fraction did not contain particles over 10 µm. The grain size distribution was determined with a sedimentation weight.
Krystallisasjonsgraden for et aluminiumsilikat kan bestemmes ut fra intensiteten for interferenslinjene i et røntgenavbøyningsdiagram, for de forskjellige produkter sammenlignet med de tilsvarende diagrammer til røntgen-amorfe og helt gjennomkrystalliserte produkter. The degree of crystallization of an aluminosilicate can be determined from the intensity of the interference lines in an X-ray diffraction diagram, for the various products compared to the corresponding diagrams of X-ray amorphous and fully crystallized products.
Alle prosentangivelser er på vektbasis. All percentages are by weight.
Kalsiumbindeevnen for aluminiumsilikatene ble bestemt på følgende måte: 1 1 vandig oppløsning inneholdende 0, 594- g CaCl^ The calcium binding capacity of the aluminum silicates was determined as follows: 1 1 aqueous solution containing 0.594 g CaCl^
(=300 mg CaO/l = 30°dH), fotynnet med NaOH til en pH lik 10, ble tilsatt 1 g aluminiumsilikat (beregnet på mengden AS). Derpå ble suspensjonen rørt i 15 minutter ved en temperatur på 22°C {- 2°C). Etter frafiltrering av aluminiumsilikatet bestemte man filtratets resthardhet x. Kalsiumbindeevnen ble utregnet av dette i mg CaO/g AS etter formelen (30 - x) . 10. (=300 mg CaO/l = 30°dH), diluted with NaOH to a pH equal to 10, 1 g of aluminum silicate (calculated on the amount of AS) was added. The suspension was then stirred for 15 minutes at a temperature of 22°C (-2°C). After filtering off the aluminum silicate, the filtrate's residual hardness x was determined. The calcium binding capacity was calculated from this in mg CaO/g AS according to the formula (30 - x) . 10.
Bestemmes kalsiumbindeevnen ved høyere temperatur, f. eks. ved 60°C, så finner man gjennomgående høyere verdier enn ved 22°C. Dette trekk utmerker aluminiumsilikatene overfor de fleste løselige kompleksdannere som hittil er foreslått til vaskemidler og gjør at anvendelsen av aluminiumsilikater er et særlig teknisk fremskritt. Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat I: Felling: 2, 985 kg aluminato.ppløsning av sammensetning: 17, 7 % Na20, 15, 8 % Al^, Determine the calcium binding capacity at a higher temperature, e.g. at 60°C, one consistently finds higher values than at 22°C. This feature sets the aluminum silicates apart from most soluble complex formers that have so far been proposed for detergents and makes the use of aluminum silicates a particular technical advance. Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate I: Precipitation: 2,985 kg alumina solution of composition: 17.7% Na2O, 15.8% Al^,
66,6 % H20 66.6% H 2 O
0,15 kg etznatron 0.15 kg caustic soda
9,4-20 kg vann 9.4-20 kg of water
2,4-45 kg natriumsilikatoppløsning fremstilt ut fra teknisk vannglass og lett alkaliopp-løselig kiselsyre i form av en 25,8 %- ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning 1 Na20 . 6,0 Si022.4-45 kg sodium silicate solution made from technical water glass and slightly alkali-soluble silicic acid in the form of a 25.8% sodium silicate solution with composition 1 Na20. 6.0 SiO 2
Krystallisasjon: 24 timer ved 80°C Crystallization: 24 hours at 80°C
Tørking: 24 timer ved 100°C Drying: 24 hours at 100°C
Sammensetning: 0,9 Na20 . 1 Al^ . 2,04- Si02 . 4,3 HgO Composition: 0.9 Na2O . 1 Al^ . 2.04- SiO 2 . 4.3 HgO
(= 21,6 % H20) (= 21.6% H2O)
Krystallisasjons- crystallization
grad: fullkrystallinsk grade: fully crystalline
Kalsiumbindeevne: 150 mg CaO/g AS Calcium binding capacity: 150 mg CaO/g AS
Tørkes det fremstilte produkt 1 time ved 400°C får man et aluminiumsilikat Ia med sammensetning: 0,9 Na20 . 1 A120^ . 2,04- Si02 . 2,0 H20, (=11,4%If the manufactured product is dried for 1 hour at 400°C, an aluminum silicate Ia with composition: 0.9 Na20 is obtained. 1 A120^ . 2.04- SiO 2 . 2.0 H2O, (=11.4%
H20).som likeledes egner seg i henhold til opp-finnelsens formål. H20).which is likewise suitable according to the purpose of the invention.
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat II: Felling: 2,115 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammen setning : 17, 7 % Na20, 15, 8 % Al^, Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate II: Precipitation: 2.115 kg of aluminate solution together statement : 17.7% Na2O, 15.8% Al^,
66,5 % H20 66.5% H 2 O
0,585 kg etznatron 0.585 kg caustic soda
9,615 kg vann 9.615 kg of water
2,685 kg 25,8 %-ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning 1 Na20 . 6 Si022.685 kg of 25.8% sodium silicate solution with composition 1 Na20. 6 Si02
(fremstilt som under I) (produced as under I)
Krystallisasjon: 24- timer ved 80°C Crystallisation: 24 hours at 80°C
Tørkning: 24. timer ved 100°C og 20 torr Sammensetning: 0,8 Na20 . 1 A1203 . 2,655 Si02 . 5,2 H"20 Krystallisasjons- Drying: 24 hours at 100°C and 20 torr Composition: 0.8 Na20. 1 A1203 . 2.655 SiO 2 . 5.2 H"20 Crystallization-
grad: fullkrystallinsk grade: fully crystalline
Kalsiumbindeevne: 120 mg CaO/g AS Calcium binding capacity: 120 mg CaO/g AS
Også dette produktet kan ettertørkes (1 time ved 400°C) til sammensetningen: 0,8 Na20 . 1 A1203 . 2,65 Si02 . 0,2 H20 og dette avvanningsproduktet Ila er også brukbart i henhold til oppfinnelsen. This product can also be post-dried (1 hour at 400°C) to the composition: 0.8 Na20. 1 A1203 . 2.65 SiO 2 . 0.2 H 2 O and this dewatering product IIa is also usable according to the invention.
Aluminiumsilikatene I og II har ved røntgenav-bøyningsdiagram følgende interferenslinjer: The aluminum silicates I and II have the following interference lines in the X-ray diffraction diagram:
d-verdier, opptatt med Cu-Ka-Stråling, 1: d-values, occupied with Cu-Ka-Radiation, 1:
Det er mulig at man ved røntgendiagrammet ikke får alle disse interferenslinjer, særlig nå aluminiumsilikatet ikke er gjennomkrystallisert. Derfor er de viktigste d-verdier som karakteriserer ovennevnte typer kjennetegnet med It is possible that the X-ray diagram does not show all these interference lines, especially now that the aluminum silicate has not crystallized through. Therefore, the most important d-values characterizing the above types are marked with
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat III: Felling: 2,985 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 17,7 % Na20, 15,8 % k±20y 66,5 % H20 Production conditions for aluminum silicate III: Precipitation: 2.985 kg aluminate solution with composition: 17.7% Na20, 15.8% k±20y 66.5% H20
0,150 kg etznatron,. 9,4-20 kg vann, 0.150 kg caustic soda,. 9.4-20 kg of water,
2,445 kg 25,8 %- xg natriumsilkatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na-jO . 6 Si02 (fremstilt som under i) Krystalli- 2.445 kg 25.8%-xg sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na-jO . 6 Si02 (prepared as under i) Crystalline
sasjon: bortfaller sation: lapsed
Tørking: 24 timer ved 25°G og 20 torr Drying: 24 hours at 25°G and 20 torr
Sammensetning: 0,9 Na20 . 1 ^ 2°3 ' 2' 0^ Si02' ^ H2° Krystalli- Composition: 0.9 Na2O . 1 ^ 2°3 ' 2' 0^ Si02' ^ H2° Crystall-
sasjonsgrad: røntgenamorf sation grade: X-ray amorphous
Kalsiumbind e- Calcium binder e-
evne: 160 mg CaO/g AS ability: 160 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat IV: Felling: 2,985 kg aluminatopplsøning med sammensetning: 1 7, 7 % Na20, 15, 8 % AlgO^, 66,5 % H20 0,150 kg etznatron, 94-2 kg vann 2,4-4-5 kg 25,8 %-ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 6 Si02 (fremstilt som .under I) Krystallisa- Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate IV: Precipitation: 2.985 kg alumina topsol with composition: 1 7.7% Na20, 15.8% AlgO^, 66.5% H20 0.150 kg caustic soda, 94-2 kg water 2.4-4-5 kg 25 .8% sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na20. 6 SiO2 (prepared as .under I) Crystallisa-
sjon: bortfaller tion: lapsed
Tørkning: 24 timer ved 100°C, derpå 1 time ved 4-00°C Sammensetning: 0,9 Na20 . 1 Al^ . 2,04 Si02 . 0,1 H"20 Krystallisa- Drying: 24 hours at 100°C, then 1 hour at 4-00°C Composition: 0.9 Na20. 1 Al^ . 2.04 SiO 2 . 0.1 H"20 Crystallized
sjonsgrad: røntgenamorf degree of sion: X-ray amorphous
Kalsiumbind e- Calcium binder e-
evne: ved vidtgående tørking av det amorfe bunnfallet ble kalsiumbindeevnen nedsatt til 20 mg CaO/g AS. Produktet var i praksis ubrukelig for opp-finnelsens formål. ability: by extensive drying of the amorphous precipitate, the calcium binding ability was reduced to 20 mg CaO/g AS. The product was practically useless for the purpose of the invention.
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsiliat V: Felling: 4,17 kg fast alumiant med sammenetning: 38 % Na20, 62 % A1203 10, 83 kg 34,9 %-ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 3,46 Si02Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate V: Precipitation: 4.17 kg solid alumiant with composition: 38% Na20, 62% A1203 10.83 kg 34.9% sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na20. 3.46 SiO 2
Krystallisa- Krystallisa-
sjon: bortfaller tion: lapsed
tørking: 24 timer ved 100°C drying: 24 hours at 100°C
sammensetning: 1,5 Na20 . 1 A1203 . 2 Si02 . 3 H20 Krystallisa- composition: 1.5 Na2O. 1 A1203 . 2 Si02 . 3 H20 Crystallize-
sjonsgrad: røntgenamorf degree of sion: X-ray amorphous
Kalsium- Calcium-
bindeevne: 14-0 mg CaO/g AS binding capacity: 14-0 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat VI: Felling: 8,37 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 20,0 % Na20, 10,2 % Al^, 69,8 % H20 0,09 kg etznatron Production conditions for aluminum silicate VI: Precipitation: 8.37 kg aluminate solution with composition: 20.0% Na20, 10.2% Al^, 69.8% H20 0.09 kg caustic soda
5,34- kg vann 5.34 kg of water
1,20 kg mikrokrystallinsk kiselsyre 1.20 kg microcrystalline silicic acid
("Aerosil <R>") ("Aerosil <R>")
Krystalli- crystal
sasjon: bortfaller sation: lapsed
Tørking: 24 timer ved 100°C Drying: 24 hours at 100°C
Sammensetning: 0,9 Na20 . 1 Al^ 2'0^ Si02 * 6,7 H2° Krystallisa- Composition: 0.9 Na2O . 1 Al^ 2'0^ Si02 * 6.7 H2° Crystalliza-
sjonsgrad: røntgenamorf degree of sion: X-ray amorphous
Kalsium- Calcium-
bindeevne: 145 mg CaO/g AS binding capacity: 145 mg CaO/g AS
Felling: Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat VII: 3,255 kg aluminatoppløsning'med sammensetning: 17,7 % Na20, 15,8 % Al 03 66,5 % H20 0,060 kg etznatron 9,465 kg vann 2,22 kg 34-, 9 $-ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 3,46 Si02 Krystallisa- Precipitation: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate VII: 3.255 kg aluminate solution' with composition: 17.7% Na20, 15.8% Al 03 66.5% H20 0.060 kg caustic soda 9.465 kg water 2.22 kg 34-, 9$-ig sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na20 . 3.46 Si02 Crystallisa-
sjon: bortfaller tion: lapsed
Tørkning: 24 timer ved 100°C Drying: 24 hours at 100°C
Sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 1 A1203 . 2 Si02 . 1 H20 (=6 H"20) Krystalli sa- Composition: 1 Na20 . 1 A1203 . 2 Si02 . 1 H20 (=6 H"20) Crystal sa-
sjonsgrad: røntgenamorf degree of sion: X-ray amorphous
Kalsiumbind e- Calcium binder e-
evne: 150 mg CaO/g AS ability: 150 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat VIII: Felling: 2,115 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 17,7 % Na20, 15,8 % Al^, 66,5 % H20 0,585 kg etznatron 9,615 kg vann 2,685 kg 25,8 %- lg natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 6 Si02Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate VIII: Precipitation: 2.115 kg aluminate solution with composition: 17.7% Na20, 15.8% Al^, 66.5% H20 0.585 kg caustic soda 9.615 kg water 2.685 kg 25.8%-lg sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na20. 6 Si02
Krystalli- crystal
sasjon: bortfaller sation: lapsed
Tørkning: 24- timer ved. 100°G Drying: 24 hours at. 100°C
Sammensetning: 0,8 Na20 . 1 Al,^ . 2,65 Si02 . 4- H"20 Krystalli- Composition: 0.8 Na2O. 1 Al,^ . 2.65 SiO 2 . 4- H"20 Crystal-
sas jonsgrad: røntgenamorf sas ion grade: X-ray amorphous
Kalsiumbinde- calcium binding
evne : 60 mg CaO/g AS ability: 60 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat IX: Felling: 3,41 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 21,4 Na20, 15,4 % A1203> 63,2 % H20 10,46 kg vann Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate IX: Precipitation: 3.41 kg aluminate solution with composition: 21.4 Na20, 15.4% A1203> 63.2% H20 10.46 kg water
1,13 kg 34,9 %- lg natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning 1.13 kg 34.9%-lg sodium silicate solution with composition
1 Na20 . 3,46 Si021 Na20. 3.46 SiO 2
Krystalli- crystal
sasjon: bortfaller sation: lapsed
Tørking: 24 timer ved 100°C Drying: 24 hours at 100°C
Sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 1 AlgO^ . 1 Si02 . i,4 H20 Krystallisa- Composition: 1 Na20 . 1 AlgO^ . 1 Si02 . i.4 H20 Crystallize-
sjonsgrad: røntgenamorf degree of sion: X-ray amorphous
Kalsium- Calcium-
bindeevne: 120 mg CaO/g AS binding capacity: 120 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat X: Felling: 2,835 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 14,2 % Na20, 17,2 % A1203, 68,6$ HgO 6,93 kg vann 5,235 kg 34, %- i. g natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 3,46 Si02 Krystalli- Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate X: Precipitation: 2.835 kg aluminate solution with composition: 14.2% Na20, 17.2% A1203, 68.6$ HgO 6.93 kg water 5.235 kg 34.%- i. g sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na20 . 3.46 Si02 Crystalline
sasjon: bortfaller sation: lapsed
Tørkning: 24 timer ved 100°C Drying: 24 hours at 100°C
Sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 1 A1203 . 5 Si02 . 2,8 H"20 Krystalli- Composition: 1 Na20 . 1 A1203 . 5 Si02 . 2.8 H"20 Crystal
sasjonsgrad: røntgenamorf sation grade: X-ray amorphous
Kalsium- Calcium-
bindeevne: 100 mg CaO/g AS binding capacity: 100 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XI: Felling: 2,86 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 13,8 % Na20, 16,7% A1203, 69, 5 % H20 6,01 kg vann 6,13 kg 34-» 9 %-ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 3,4-6 Di02Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XI: Precipitation: 2.86 kg aluminate solution with composition: 13.8% Na20, 16.7% A1203, 69.5% H20 6.01 kg water 6.13 kg 34-»9% sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na20 . 3,4-6 DiO2
Krystallisa- Krystallisa-
sjon: bortfaller tion: lapsed
Tørkning: 24 timer ved 100°C Drying: 24 hours at 100°C
Sammensetning: ca. 1 Na20 . 1_A1203 . 6 Si02 . 3,2 R"20 Krystallisa- Composition: approx. 1 Na20. 1_A1203 . 6 Si02 . 3.2 R"20 Krystallisa-
sjonsgrad: røntgenamorf degree of sion: X-ray amorphous
Kalsiumbinde- calcium binding
evne: 60 mg CaO/g AS ability: 60 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XII: Felling: 2,01 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 20,0 % Na20, 10,2 % Al2°y 69,8% H20 1,395 kg etznatron Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XII: Precipitation: 2.01 kg aluminate solution with composition: 20.0% Na20, 10.2% Al2°y 69.8% H20 1.395 kg caustic soda
9,4-0 5 kg vann 9.4-0 5 kg water
2,19 kg 25,8 %-ig natriumsilikatoppløsning 2.19 kg of 25.8% sodium silicate solution
med sammensetning: with composition:
1 Na20 . 6 Si02 (fremstilt som under I) Krystallisa- 1 Na20. 6 SiO2 (prepared as under I) Crystallize-
sjon: 24 timer ved 80 C tion: 24 hours at 80 C
Tørking: 24- timer ved 100°C Drying: 24 hours at 100°C
Sammensetning: 0,9 Na20 . 1 Al^ . 2 Si02 . 3 H"20 Krystalli- Composition: 0.9 Na2O . 1 Al^ . 2 Si02 . 3 H"20 Crystal
sas jonsgrad: fullkrystallinsk sas ionic grade: fully crystalline
Kalsiumbinde- calcium binding
evne: 160 mg CaO/g AS ability: 160 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XIII: Felling: 2,985 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 17,7 % Na20f 15,8 %, A1203> 66,5% H20 0,150 kg etznatron Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XIII: Precipitation: 2.985 kg aluminate solution with composition: 17.7% Na20f 15.8%, A1203> 66.5% H20 0.150 kg caustic soda
9,420 kg vann 9,420 kg of water
2,445 kg 25,8 %-ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med 2.445 kg of 25.8% sodium silicate solution with
sammesetning: compound sentence:
1 Na20 . 6 Si02 (fremstilt som under I) Krystalli sa- 1 Na20. 6 SiO2 (prepared as under I) Crystals sa-
sjon: 2U timer ved 80°C tion: 2U hours at 80°C
For fremstilling av kalium-aluminiumsilikatet ble luten frafiltrert, residuet ble vasket med vann og oppslemmet i en vandig KCl-holdig oppløsning. Etter 30 minutters oppvarming ved 80 - 90°C ble det frafiltrert og vasket: Tørking: 24 timer ved 100°C. To prepare the potassium aluminum silicate, the lye was filtered off, the residue was washed with water and slurried in an aqueous solution containing KCl. After 30 minutes of heating at 80 - 90°C, it was filtered off and washed: Drying: 24 hours at 100°C.
Sammensetning: 0,28 Na20 . 0,62 K20 . 1 A1203 . 2,04 Si02 . Composition: 0.28 Na2O . 0.62 K20 . 1 A1203 . 2.04 SiO 2 .
-4,3 H20 -4.3 H 2 O
Krystallisa- Krystallisa-
sjonsgrad: fullkrystallinsk degree of sion: fully crystalline
Kalsiumbinde- calcium binding
evne: 170 mg CaO/g AS ability: 170 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XIV: Felling: - 8,450 kg aluminatoppløsning med sammensetning: 11,3 % Na20, 18,70 A1203, 70,0% H"20 6, 550 kg 34-, 9 %- ig natriumsilikatoppløsning med sammensetning: 1 Na20 . 3,46 Si02Production conditions for aluminum silicate XIV: Precipitation: - 8,450 kg aluminate solution with composition: 11.3% Na20, 18.70 A1203, 70.0% H"20 6,550 kg 34-, 9% sodium silicate solution with composition: 1 Na20 . 3.46 SiO 2
Krystallisa- Krystallisa-
sjon: bortfaller tion: lapsed
Tørkning: bortfaller Drying: not required
Sammensetning: 1,5 Na20 . 1 Al^ O^ . 2 Si02 . x HgO Krystallisa- Composition: 1.5 Na2O. 1 Al^ O^ . 2 Si02 . x HgO Crystallize
sjonsgrad: røntgenamorf degree of sion: X-ray amorphous
Kalsiumbinde- calcium binding
evne: 120 mg CaO/g AS ability: 120 mg CaO/g AS
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XV: Felling: som for aluminiumsilikat XIV Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XV: Precipitation: as for aluminum silicate XIV
Krystalli- crystal
sasjon: 24 timer ved 800 C sation: 24 hours at 800 C
Tørking: bortfaller Drying: not required
Sammensetning: 1,5 Na20 . 1 Al-pO^ . 2 Si02 . x H20 Krystalli sa- Composition: 1.5 Na2O. 1 Al-pO^ . 2 Si02 . x H20 Crystal sa-
sjonsgrad: fullkrystallinsk degree of sion: fully crystalline
Kalsiumbinde- calcium binding
evne : 170 mg CaO/g AS ability: 170 mg CaO/g AS
Primærpartikkelstørrelsen for det beskrevne aluminiumsilikat I - XV ligger i området 10 - A5 um. The primary particle size for the described aluminum silicate I - XV is in the range 10 - A5 µm.
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat Im: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate Im:
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat lim: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate glue:
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat Xllm: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate Xllm:
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XHIm: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XHIm:
For fremstilling av kalium-aluminiumsilikatet ble moderluten frafiltrert, filterresten vasket med vann og oppslemmet i en vandig KCl-holdig oppløsning. Etter 30 minutters oppvarming ved 80 - 90°C filtrerte man fra og vasket. To prepare the potassium aluminum silicate, the mother liquor was filtered off, the filter residue was washed with water and slurried in an aqueous solution containing KCl. After 30 minutes of heating at 80 - 90°C, it was filtered off and washed.
Fremstillingsbetingelsr for aluminiumsilikat XVm : Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XVm:
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XVIIm: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XVIIm:
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XlXm: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XlXm:
Fremstillingsbetingelser for aluminiumsilikat XXm: Manufacturing conditions for aluminum silicate XXm:
Kalsiumbinde- calcium binding
evne/: 110 mg CaO/g AS ability/: 110 mg CaO/g AS
Partikkelstørrelsesfordelingen lå ved sedi-menteringsanalyse av de ovenfor beskrevne mikrokrystallinske produkter Im - XIIIm og XVIIIm - XXm i følgende område: The particle size distribution by sedimentation analysis of the above-described microcrystalline products Im - XIIIm and XVIIIm - XXm was in the following range:
Partikkelstørrelsesfordelingen for produktet xVm lå i følgende område: The particle size distribution for the product xVm was in the following range:
De vaskevirkninger som ble oppnådd med aluminiumsilikater ifølge oppfinnelsen ble demonstrert ved vaskeforsøk på tøy av ikke-preparert og "lettstrøket" preparert bomull, henholdsvis blandetekstiler av polyester og bomull med forsøkstilsmussing av sot, jernoksyd, kaolin.og hudfett (for-søkstekstilene fremstilt av vaskeriforskningsinstituttet i Kre-feld). The washing effects achieved with aluminum silicates according to the invention were demonstrated by washing tests on clothes made of unprepared and "lightly ironed" prepared cotton, respectively mixed textiles of polyester and cotton with experimental soiling of soot, iron oxide, kaolin and skin fat (the test textiles produced by the laundry research institute in Krefeld).
Forsøkene ble gjennomført med ledningsvann av 16° The experiments were carried out with tap water of 16°
dH, delvis i "Launderometer", delvis i en vanlig 4 kg1 s trommel-vaskemaskin (25 1 vaskevann). I "Launderometeret" ble hver beholder fylt med 2 forsøkslapper med vekt 2,1 g og 2 ikke-tilsmussede lapper av samme materiale med vekt 2,1 g. Trommel-vaskemaskinen ble påfylt 6 prøvelapper på størrelse 20 x 20 dH, partly in the "Launderometer", partly in a normal 4 kg1 s drum washing machine (25 1 washing water). In the "Launderometer", each container was filled with 2 test rags weighing 2.1 g and 2 non-soiled rags of the same material weighing 2.1 g. The drum washing machine was filled with 6 test rags of size 20 x 20
cm og 3,8 kg ikke-tilsmusset tøy av samme type. cm and 3.8 kg of unsoiled laundry of the same type.
Aluminiumsilikatkonsentrasjonene i behandlings-badene er referert til - dette gjelder også aluminiumsilikatinnholdet i vaskemiddelsammensetningene - den vannfri bestand-del i produktet (bestemt ved 1 times avvanning ved 800°C), dette gjelder også for bruk av suspensjoner av røntgenamorft fellingsprodukt og for krystallgrøt. The aluminum silicate concentrations in the treatment baths are referred to - this also applies to the aluminum silicate content in the detergent compositions - the anhydrous component in the product (determined by 1 hour dewatering at 800°C), this also applies to the use of suspensions of X-ray amorphous precipitation product and to crystal porridge.
De vasketider som er angitt i forbindelse med de enkelte forsøk dreier seg om behandlingens varighet ved den nevnte temperatur inklusive oppvarmingstidene. Til skyllingen The washing times indicated in connection with the individual trials relate to the duration of the treatment at the mentioned temperature, including the heating times. For the rinse
brukte man kaldt vann fra springen. cold tap water was used.
Vasketøyet i "Launderometeret" gjennomgikk is-gangers skylling med springvann, varighet hver gang 30 sekunder, ved vask i vanlig hjemme-vaskemaskin ble vaske- og skylle-prosessene bestemt ved vaskeprogrammets automatikk for det vaskede tekstilmaterialet. Etter tørking og stryking av tekstilene ble deres refleksjonsverdi målt i et lyselektrisk fotometer "Elrepho" fra firma Zeiss gjennom filter 6 (gjennom-skihhelighetsmaksimum ved 4-61 nm). -Tekstilene som ble brukt til forsøkene hadde i leveringstilstand en refleksjonsverdi på ca. 4-3 . The laundry in the "Launderometer" was rinsed twice with tap water, each time lasting 30 seconds. When washing in a normal home washing machine, the washing and rinsing processes were determined by the automatic washing program for the washed textile material. After drying and ironing the textiles, their reflectance value was measured in a photoelectric photometer "Elrepho" from the company Zeiss through filter 6 (transparent maximum at 4-61 nm). - The textiles used for the experiments had a reflectance value of approx. 4-3.
De saltaktige bestanddeler som inneholdes i vaskemidlene i eksemplene - saltaktige tensider, andre organiske salter og uorganiske salter - ble brukt som natriumsalter hvis det ikke uttrykkelig er oppført noe annet. Dette gjelder også for fellingsforsinkere som for enkelhets skyld' er betegnet med navnet for de tilsvarende syrer. De anvendte betegnelser og forkortelser betyr: "ABS", saltet av en alkylbenzensulfonsyre fremstilt ved kondensasjon av rettkjedede olefiner med benzen og sulfonering av det dannede alkylbenzen, inneholdende 10 - 15, fortrinnsvis 11 - 13 c-atomer i alkylkjeden, "HPK.sulfonat", et sulfonat fremstilt av hydrogenert plamekjernefettsyre-metylester ved sulfonering med SO^," The salt-like components contained in the detergents in the examples - salt-like surfactants, other organic salts and inorganic salts - were used as sodium salts unless expressly stated otherwise. This also applies to precipitation retarders which, for the sake of simplicity, are designated by the name of the corresponding acids. The designations and abbreviations used mean: "ABS", the salt of an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid produced by condensation of straight-chain olefins with benzene and sulfonation of the formed alkylbenzene, containing 10 - 15, preferably 11 - 13 c atoms in the alkyl chain, "HPK.sulfonate" , a sulfonate prepared from hydrogenated palm kernel fatty acid methyl ester by sulfonation with SO^,"
"OA + EO", henholdsvis "TA + x EO", addisjonsprodukter av etylenoksyd (EO) på teknisk oleylalkohol (OA), henholdsvis talgfettalkohol (TA) (JZ = 0,5), hvor tallene for x angir den molare mengde etylenoksyd addert til 1 mol alkohol, "NTA" henholdsvis "EDTA", salter av nitrilotri-eddiksyre henholdsvis etylendiamintetraeddiksyre, "HEDP", saltet av 1-hydroksyetan-1,1-difosfonsyre, "DMDP", saltet av dimetylaminometan-difosfonsyre, "CMC", saltet av karboksymetylcellulose. "OA + EO", respectively "TA + x EO", addition products of ethylene oxide (EO) on technical oleyl alcohol (OA), respectively tallow fatty alcohol (TA) (JZ = 0.5), where the numbers for x indicate the molar amount of ethylene oxide added to 1 mole of alcohol, "NTA" respectively "EDTA", salts of nitrilotriacetic acid respectively ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, "HEDP", the salt of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, "DMDP", the salt of dimethylaminomethane-diphosphonic acid, "CMC" , the salt of carboxymethyl cellulose.
Demonstrasjon av vaskev irkningen Demonstration of the washing process
Dette eksempel demonstrerer vaskevirkningen av forskjellige aluminiumsilikater som benyttes ifølge oppfinnelsen, uten tilsetning av andre vaskeaktive bestanddeler. Arbeidsbetingelser: This example demonstrates the washing effect of different aluminum silicates used according to the invention, without the addition of other washing-active ingredients. Working conditions:
Ikke-preparert bomull Untreated cotton
10 g/l aluminiumsilikat 10 g/l aluminum silicate
Badforhold:1:12 Bath ratio: 1:12
vasking 30 minutter ved 90°C i "Launderometer". washing 30 minutes at 90°C in "Launderometer".
Ved et parallellforsøk bedømte man smussfjern-ingen med vann uten annen tilsetning, og med tilsetning av 10 g/l tripolyfosfat. De bedømte "vannverdier" eller "tri-polyfosfatverdiersamt de andre verdier, fremgår av følgende oppstilling : In a parallel experiment, the dirt removal was assessed with water without any other addition, and with the addition of 10 g/l tripolyphosphate. The assessed "water values" or "tri-polyphosphate values as well as the other values appear from the following table:
Eksempel 1 Example 1
For å vise forbedret vaskevirkning av aluminium-silikatholdig vaskemiddel - fremstilt ved å blande det tørre aluminiumsilikat med perborat, en kompleksdanner resp. fellingsmiddel for kalsium og et vaskemiddelpulver fremstilt ved varmforstøvning av en blanding som ikke inneholdt de tre nevnte komponenter - ved tilsetning av kompleksdannere og fellingsmidler for kalsium, tjente en vaskemiddelblanding med følgende sammensetning: To show improved washing performance of aluminum-silicate detergent - prepared by mixing the dry aluminum silicate with perborate, a complexing agent or precipitating agent for calcium and a detergent powder prepared by hot atomization of a mixture that did not contain the three mentioned components - by adding complexing agents and precipitating agents for calcium, a detergent mixture with the following composition was obtained:
Arbeidsbetingelser: Working conditions:
Preparert bomull Prepared cotton
9 g/l vaskemiddel 9 g/l detergent
Badforhold 1:12 Bath ratio 1:12
vasket 30 minutter ved 90°C i "Lainderom eter". Resultatene fremgår av følgende tabell: washed 30 minutes at 90°C in "Lainderom ether". The results appear in the following table:
Med et vaskemiddel av ovenstående sammensetning hvor kompleksdanneren eller fellingsmiddelet for kalsium og aluminiumsilikatet var fullstendig erstattet med natrium-tripolyfosfat fikk man under ovenstående vaskeforhold en re-fleks jonsverdi på 72,5. With a detergent of the above composition where the complexing agent or precipitant for calcium and the aluminum silicate was completely replaced with sodium tripolyphosphate, a reflectance value of 72.5 was obtained under the above washing conditions.
Eksemp el . 2 Example . 2
Dette eksempel demonstrerer virkningen av trinn-vis erstatning av trifosfat i et vaskemiddel med-aluminiumsilikatet . Vaskemiddelblandingens sammensetning lå innefor følgende rammer: This example demonstrates the effect of stepwise replacement of triphosphate in a detergent with the aluminum silicate. The composition of the detergent mixture was within the following limits:
Forsøksbetingelser: Test conditions:
preparert bomull prepared cotton
9 g/l vaskemiddel 9 g/l detergent
badforhold 1:12 bath ratio 1:12
vasket 30 minutter ved 90°C i "Launderometer". washed 30 minutes at 90°C in "Launderometer".
Vaskeresultat: se tabellen. Washing result: see the table.
Vaskemiddelblandingens %-innhold av The detergent mixture's % content of
Eksempel 3 or ^ _ Example 3 or ^ _
Disse eksempler demonstrerer vaskevirkningen av to vaskemiddelblandinger i henhold til oppfinnelsen overfor forskjellige tekstiler sammenlignet med vaskemidler hvor aluminiumsilikatet er erstattet med NacPo0.n. Vaske- These examples demonstrate the washing effect of two detergent mixtures according to the invention on different textiles compared to detergents where the aluminum silicate has been replaced with NacPo0.n. Wash-
5 j lU 5 j lU
midlene hadde følgende sammensetning hvor vaskemiddel ifølge oppfinnelsen er karakterisert ved bokstaven e, sammenlignings-vaskemiddelet ved bokstaven v. the agents had the following composition, where detergent according to the invention is characterized by the letter e, the comparative detergent by the letter v.
Vaskebetingelser: nativ og preparativ bomull, Washing conditions: native and preparative cotton,
bomullspolye ster-blandtekstil Vaskemiddel 4-v og (e: 9 g/l cotton-polyester mixed textile Detergent 4-v and (e: 9 g/l
Vaskemiddel 5v og 5e : 7,5 g/l Badforhold: 1:5 Detergent 5v and 5e: 7.5 g/l Bath ratio: 1:5
Trommelmaskin med vaskeprogram for kokvask, maksimaltemperatur 95°C. Vaskeresultat: se tabellen: Drum machine with washing program for cooking, maximum temperature 95°C. Washing result: see the table:
Hvis man vil oppnå de samme vaskeresultater som for tripolyfosfat er det å anbefale å velge aluminiumsilikatkonsentrasjonene i vaskevannet noe høyere enn trifosfat-konsentrasjonene i sammenligningsbadene. If you want to achieve the same washing results as for tripolyphosphate, it is recommended to choose the aluminum silicate concentrations in the washing water somewhat higher than the triphosphate concentrations in the comparison baths.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
For bruk i handelsvaskerier vil det egne seg vaskemidler med følgende sammensetning 5a og 5b: For use in commercial laundries, detergents with the following composition 5a and 5b will be suitable:
Na^P^O^Q lar seg erstatte i vaskemiddel 5a med en fosforfri organisk kompleksdanner for kalsium ved vaskemiddel 5b med HEDP eller et annet kalsium-kompleksbindende fosfonat med en fosforfri kompleksdanner for kalsium eller et ikke-kompleksdannende kalsiumfellingsmiddel (f. eks. oksalsyre, adipinsyre eller sebacinsyre i form av vannoppløselige salter) . Na^P^O^Q can be replaced in detergent 5a with a phosphorus-free organic calcium complexing agent in detergent 5b with HEDP or another calcium-complexing phosphonate with a phosphorus-free calcium complexing agent or a non-complexing calcium precipitant (e.g. oxalic acid , adipic acid or sebacic acid in the form of water-soluble salts).
Ved bruk av disse vaskemidler vasket man normal skitten husholdningsvask under følgende betingelser: Maskintype: vaskesentrifugalmaskin med 90 kg volum fylt med' Using these detergents, normal dirty household laundry was washed under the following conditions: Machine type: washing centrifugal machine with 90 kg volume filled with
75 kg vask 75 kg washing
Vann: springvann avherdet til 5° dH. Water: tap water hardened to 5° dH.
1. Første vaskeproséss: 1. First washing process:
25 g vaskemiddel/kg tørrvask. 25 g detergent/kg dry wash.
Badforhold: 1:4. Bath ratio: 1:4.
9 minutter ved 60°C. 9 minutes at 60°C.
2. Annen vaskeprosess: 2. Other washing process:
20 g vaskemiddel/kg tørrvask 20 g detergent/kg dry wash
0,5 g aktivt oksygen (som H^O^/kg tørrvask Badforhold: 1:4. 0.5 g active oxygen (as H^O^/kg dry wash Bath ratio: 1:4.
12 minutter ved 90°C 12 minutes at 90°C
3. Skylleprosesser: 2 ganger med avherdet, 2 ganger med ikke-avherdet vann. 3. Rinsing processes: 2 times with hardened, 2 times with non-hardened water.
I begge tilfeller var vaskeresultatet fullt tilfredsstillende . In both cases, the washing result was fully satisfactory.
Eksempel "6 Example "6
Et vaskemiddel egnet for vask av kraftig skittent arbeidstøy hadde følgende sammensetning: A detergent suitable for washing heavily soiled work clothes had the following composition:
Blekemiddeltilsetning til en blanding ifølge eksemplene 5 og 6 Bleach addition to a mixture according to examples 5 and 6
Blekede vaskehjelpemidler hvorav produkt a er Bleached washing aids of which product a is
egnet som tilsetning til vaske sammensetninger i tekniske vaskerier og produktet b er egnet som kald-virksomt tilsetnings-middel til skyllevannet, har følgende sammensetning: suitable as an additive to wash compositions in technical laundries and product b is suitable as a cold-active additive to the rinse water, has the following composition:
Nedenfor følger oppskrifter på noen andre aluminium-silikatholdige vaskemiddelblandinger: Below are recipes for some other aluminum-silicate detergent mixes:
Som det fremgår av eksemplene, særlig av de beskrevne forsøk, er de anvendte aluminiumsilikater med kationevekslende evne i stand til å binde kalsiumet i vannet og i den utløste smuss og forbedre vaskemiddelets vaskekraft og erstatte tripolyfosfatet delvis eller fullstendig. I den grad sammensetningen ifølge eksemplene inneholder trifosfat kan dette eventuelt erstattes med fosforfrie kompleksdannere, brukbare kompleksdannere er nevnt under forbindelsene i tabellen eksempel .1 (oksalsyre er intet, kompleksdannende middel men et fellingsmiddel). As can be seen from the examples, especially from the experiments described, the aluminum silicates used with cation exchange ability are capable of binding the calcium in the water and in the released dirt and improving the washing power of the detergent and replacing the tripolyphosphate partially or completely. To the extent that the composition according to the examples contains triphosphate, this can possibly be replaced with phosphorus-free complexing agents, usable complexing agents are mentioned under the compounds in the table example .1 (oxalic acid is not a complexing agent but a precipitating agent).
Selv om aluminiumsilikatene er vannuoppløslige skylles de godt ut av tekstilene og man får ingen av- Although the aluminum silicates are water-insoluble, they are rinsed well from the textiles and no
setning hverken i vaskemaskinen eller i avløpsledningen. setting neither in the washing machine nor in the drain line.
De forsøk som er beskrevet i eksemplene 1-1<*>1 The experiments described in examples 1-1<*>1
samt de beskrevne vaskemidler er også gjennomført og fremstilt ved bruk av mikrokrystallinske aluminiumsilikater. Man fikk i det minste en bedre virkning av de mikrokrystallinske aluminiumsilikater når produktene som ble sammenlignet med hverandre forøvrig hadde samme sammensetning. Ellers ble følgende mikrokrystallinske aluminiumsilikater prøvd, hen-holsvis brukt for fremstilling av vaske- eller vaske-hjelpestoffer: til eksempel 1: aluminiumsilikat Xllm til eksempel 2' aluminiumsilikat Im til eksempel 3 : aluminiumsilikat XHIm til eksempel 4 : aluminiumsilikat XHIm til eksempel 5 '• aluminiumsilikat XVIIIm as well as the detergents described have also been carried out and produced using microcrystalline aluminum silicates. At least a better effect was obtained from the microcrystalline aluminum silicates when the products that were compared to each other otherwise had the same composition. Otherwise, the following microcrystalline aluminosilicates were tried, respectively used for the production of washing or washing auxiliaries: for example 1: aluminosilicate Xllm for example 2' aluminosilicate Im for example 3: aluminosilicate XHIm for example 4: aluminosilicate XHIm for example 5'• aluminum silicate XVIIIm
Na^P^O^Q kan erstattes i vaskemiddel 5a med et fosforfritt organisk kompleksdannende stoff for kalsium, ved vaskemiddel 3D erstattes med HEDP eller et annet kalsium-kompleksdannende fosfat, med en fosforfri komp pleksdanner for kalsium eller med et ikke-kompleksdannende kalsium-fellingsmiddel (f. eks. oksalsyre, adipinsyre eller sebacinsyre i form av vannoppløselige salter). Til eksempel 6 : aluminiumsilikat lim til eksempel 7-10: aluminiumsilikat XII til eksempel 11-14: aluminiumsilikat XVIIIm Na^P^O^Q can be replaced in detergent 5a with a phosphorus-free organic complexing substance for calcium, in detergent 3D replaced with HEDP or another calcium-complexing phosphate, with a phosphorus-free complexing agent for calcium or with a non-complexing calcium- precipitating agent (e.g. oxalic acid, adipic acid or sebacic acid in the form of water-soluble salts). For example 6: aluminum silicate glue for examples 7-10: aluminum silicate XII for example 11-14: aluminum silicate XVIIIm
Ved bruk av aluminiumsilikatene XlXm henholdsvis XXm ble følgende vaskemidler satt sammen: Using the aluminum silicates XlXm and XXm respectively, the following detergents were put together:
En bedre utskylling for mikrokrystallinake aluminiumsilikater benyttet ifølge oppfinnelsen viser seg særlig i hjørnene av dynetrekk og putetrekk og krager og mansjetter på skjorter. A better rinsing for microcrystalline aluminum silicates used according to the invention is particularly evident in the corners of duvet covers and pillow covers and collars and cuffs on shirts.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0327773A AT368185B (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1973-04-13 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING OF TEXTILES AND MEANS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS |
AT800173A AT396691B (en) | 1973-09-17 | 1973-09-17 | Textile cleaning bath contg alumino silicates - as fine dispersion functioning as calcium sequestering agents |
AT944973A AT375391B (en) | 1973-11-09 | 1973-11-09 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS THEREOF |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO740889L NO740889L (en) | 1974-10-15 |
NO148854B true NO148854B (en) | 1983-09-19 |
NO148854C NO148854C (en) | 1985-05-29 |
Family
ID=27149307
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO740889A NO148854C (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-13 | POWDER FORM FOR CORN WASHING OR BLEACHING MIXTURE, WITHOUT OR WITH REDUCED PHOSPHATE CONTENT |
NO802171A NO802171L (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1980-07-18 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DETERGENT AND CLEANER |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO802171A NO802171L (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1980-07-18 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DETERGENT AND CLEANER |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (3) | JPS5761798B2 (en) |
AR (1) | AR201687A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7402892D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1036455A (en) |
CH (1) | CH602961A5 (en) |
CY (1) | CY1185A (en) |
DD (1) | DD112673A5 (en) |
DK (1) | DK151231C (en) |
ES (1) | ES425203A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI58652C (en) |
HK (1) | HK28584A (en) |
IE (1) | IE40918B1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1009446B (en) |
KE (1) | KE3321A (en) |
MY (1) | MY8500158A (en) |
NO (2) | NO148854C (en) |
SE (2) | SE419975C (en) |
SG (1) | SG68483G (en) |
YU (2) | YU42956B (en) |
Families Citing this family (68)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE419975C (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1986-08-18 | Henkel Kgaa | DETERGENTS AND / OR BLENDS CONTAINING A CRYSTALLINE WATER-INSULATED SILICATE PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND USE |
US4605509A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1986-08-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions containing sodium aluminosilicate builders |
DE2433485A1 (en) * | 1973-07-16 | 1975-02-06 | Procter & Gamble | ALUMINOSILICATE ION EXCHANGERS SUITABLE FOR USE IN DETERGENTS |
JPS50149707A (en) * | 1974-05-23 | 1975-12-01 | ||
US3985669A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1976-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
AT375395B (en) * | 1974-10-04 | 1984-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS THEREOF |
US4000094A (en) * | 1974-11-08 | 1976-12-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Water-insoluble aluminosilicate-containing detergent composition |
GB1516848A (en) * | 1974-11-13 | 1978-07-05 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Detergent composition |
US4040972A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1977-08-09 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler | Ion-exchanging aluminum silicate with hydrophilic surfaces |
DE2517218B2 (en) * | 1975-04-18 | 1977-05-05 | Henkel & Cie GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf; Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | TYPE A CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
JPS5347408A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1978-04-27 | Mizusawa Industrial Chem | Detergent builder and preparation thereof |
JPS5262314A (en) * | 1975-11-18 | 1977-05-23 | Mizusawa Industrial Chem | Preparation of synthetic zeolite for detergent builder |
DE2651419A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A IV CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651436A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A III CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651445A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A II CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651437A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A VI CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651485A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-24 | Degussa | TYPE A I CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651420A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A V CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
FI66130C (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1984-09-10 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | SYNTHETIC FINISHED CRYSTALS SILICONE ALUMINUM FOUNDARY FOAR DESS FRAMSTAELLNING SAMT DESS ANVAENDNING |
NZ188469A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1980-12-19 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent composition comprising a univalent cation-exchanging zeolite a nonionic detergent and builder salts |
JPS54100406A (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1979-08-08 | Kao Corp | Bleaching detergent composition comprising aluminosilicate |
JPS5540388A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1980-03-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus utilizing titanium |
JPS56139597A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-31 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals | Detergent composition |
US4405482A (en) * | 1980-09-01 | 1983-09-20 | Richardson-Vicks Pty. Limited | Sanitizing formulation |
US4379080A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1983-04-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Granular detergent compositions containing film-forming polymers |
JPS647222Y2 (en) * | 1981-05-19 | 1989-02-27 | ||
NZ201211A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1985-08-16 | Unilever Plc | Detergent additives and compositions |
NZ201213A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1985-07-31 | Unilever Plc | Detergent additives and soap compositions |
JPS58161298A (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Device for firing discharge lamp |
JPS58206695A (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-01 | ダスキンフランチヤイズ株式会社 | Industrial detergent |
DE3472571D1 (en) * | 1983-08-27 | 1988-08-11 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
GB8329880D0 (en) * | 1983-11-09 | 1983-12-14 | Unilever Plc | Particulate adjuncts |
GB8334017D0 (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1984-02-01 | Unilever Plc | Detergent composition |
US4683859A (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1987-08-04 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for injecting fuel into internal combustion engine |
JPH0660320B2 (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1994-08-10 | 花王株式会社 | Perfume granules |
JPS61174111A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1986-08-05 | Taki Chem Co Ltd | Production of amorphous aluminosilicate |
DE3644808A1 (en) * | 1986-12-31 | 1988-07-14 | Henkel Kgaa | PHOSPHATE-FREE DETERGENT WITH REDUCED FOAM PRIORITY |
JPH01167397A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-03 | Bairo Kogyo Kk | Cleansing agent and cosmetic utilizing ceramics |
JPH0219627A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-23 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Air-fuel ratio control device |
JPH03104460A (en) * | 1989-09-19 | 1991-05-01 | Nippon Conlux Co Ltd | Privacy call equipment |
JPH0539549U (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-28 | あさ乃 北岡 | Shiatsu cushion with shiatsu function |
US5427711A (en) * | 1991-12-29 | 1995-06-27 | Kao Corporation | Synthesized inorganic ion exchange material and detergent composition containing the same |
JPH081227U (en) * | 1992-05-20 | 1996-07-30 | 宏 川嶋 | Neon tube lighting device |
JPH0733150U (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-06-20 | 晃 近藤 | Pillow for chair |
US5618783A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1997-04-08 | Kao Corporation | Synthesized inorganic ion exchange material and detergent composition containing the same |
DE4422433A1 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-01-04 | Cognis Bio Umwelt | Multi-enzyme granules |
DE4426571A1 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of a stabilizer combination in the production of films of polyvinyl chloride by the calendering process |
CN1093169C (en) | 1994-09-13 | 2002-10-23 | 花王株式会社 | Washing method and clothes detergent composition |
DE19507717A1 (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-09-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for the preparation of neutralized polysaccharide-based polycarboxylates |
DE19510313A1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Improved oxidation process for the production of polycarboxylates from polysaccharides |
DE19515072A1 (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-10-31 | Cognis Bio Umwelt | Detergent containing cellulase |
DE19535082A1 (en) | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-27 | Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg | Paste-like detergent and cleaning agent |
DE19545729A1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleach and detergent with an enzymatic bleaching system |
DE19600018A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1997-07-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergent with certain oxidized oligosaccharides |
DE19605688A1 (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-08-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Transition metal complexes as activators for peroxygen compounds |
DE19620411A1 (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Transition metal amine complexes as activators for peroxygen compounds |
US6235695B1 (en) | 1996-04-01 | 2001-05-22 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Cleaning agent with oligoammine activator complexes for peroxide compounds |
DE19616693A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Enol esters as bleach activators for detergents and cleaning agents |
DE19636035A1 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg | Paste-like detergent and cleaning agent |
DE19703364A1 (en) | 1997-01-30 | 1998-08-06 | Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg | Paste-like detergent and cleaning agent |
DE19713852A1 (en) | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Activators for peroxygen compounds in detergents and cleaning agents |
DE19732751A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1999-02-04 | Henkel Kgaa | New Bacillus beta glucanase |
DE19732749A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1999-02-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergent containing glucanase |
DE19732750A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1999-02-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Cleaning agent containing glucanase for hard surfaces |
DE19824705A1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergents and cleaning agents containing amylase and protease |
DE19914811A1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergent compositions containing a bleaching agent include a combination of a cyanomethyl ammonium salt bleach activator and an enzyme |
US6333005B1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-12-25 | Hercules Incorporated | Methods of preventing scaling involving inorganic compositions in combination with copolymers of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, and compositions therefor |
WO2020124343A1 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Handling of impaired antenna branch |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB132511A (en) * | 1918-06-24 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2264103A (en) * | 1936-06-06 | 1941-11-25 | Procter & Gamble | Process and product for softening hard water |
NL75847C (en) * | 1949-07-19 | |||
DE1038015B (en) * | 1955-06-20 | 1958-09-04 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the production of synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves |
DK359362A (en) * | 1961-08-07 | |||
FR2105475A5 (en) * | 1970-09-02 | 1972-04-28 | Sifrance | |
SE419975C (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1986-08-18 | Henkel Kgaa | DETERGENTS AND / OR BLENDS CONTAINING A CRYSTALLINE WATER-INSULATED SILICATE PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND USE |
US4605509A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1986-08-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions containing sodium aluminosilicate builders |
-
1974
- 1974-03-13 SE SE7403379A patent/SE419975C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-13 FI FI763/74A patent/FI58652C/en active
- 1974-03-13 DK DK138474A patent/DK151231C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-13 NO NO740889A patent/NO148854C/en unknown
- 1974-04-10 CY CY1185A patent/CY1185A/en unknown
- 1974-04-10 ES ES425203A patent/ES425203A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 JP JP49041640A patent/JPS5761798B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 BR BR2892/74A patent/BR7402892D0/en unknown
- 1974-04-11 DD DD177844A patent/DD112673A5/xx unknown
- 1974-04-11 CH CH508974A patent/CH602961A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-04-11 IE IE789/74A patent/IE40918B1/en unknown
- 1974-04-12 IT IT68183/74A patent/IT1009446B/en active
- 1974-04-15 AR AR253286A patent/AR201687A1/en active
- 1974-04-16 CA CA197,628A patent/CA1036455A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-10-13 JP JP52122924A patent/JPS5916596B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-13 JP JP52122923A patent/JPS5923356B2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-12-14 YU YU3060/79A patent/YU42956B/en unknown
- 1979-12-14 YU YU3059/79A patent/YU42656B/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-07-18 NO NO802171A patent/NO802171L/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-08-11 KE KE3321A patent/KE3321A/en unknown
- 1983-11-09 SG SG684/83A patent/SG68483G/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-03-29 HK HK285/84A patent/HK28584A/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-12-30 MY MY158/85A patent/MY8500158A/en unknown
-
1986
- 1986-02-05 SE SE8600523A patent/SE8600523D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES425203A1 (en) | 1976-11-01 |
MY8500158A (en) | 1985-12-31 |
CY1185A (en) | 1983-10-07 |
YU305979A (en) | 1983-12-31 |
NO802171L (en) | 1974-10-15 |
DK151231C (en) | 1988-07-04 |
JPS5012381A (en) | 1975-02-07 |
JPS5761798B2 (en) | 1982-12-25 |
JPS548A (en) | 1979-01-05 |
SG68483G (en) | 1984-08-03 |
IT1009446B (en) | 1976-12-10 |
FI58652B (en) | 1980-11-28 |
IE40918L (en) | 1974-10-13 |
SE8600523L (en) | 1986-02-05 |
HK28584A (en) | 1984-04-06 |
YU306079A (en) | 1983-12-31 |
YU42956B (en) | 1989-02-28 |
SE419975B (en) | 1981-09-07 |
NO740889L (en) | 1974-10-15 |
SE8600523D0 (en) | 1986-02-05 |
CA1036455A (en) | 1978-08-15 |
JPS5923356B2 (en) | 1984-06-01 |
DD112673A5 (en) | 1975-04-20 |
IE40918B1 (en) | 1979-09-12 |
FI58652C (en) | 1983-05-09 |
KE3321A (en) | 1983-09-16 |
SE419975C (en) | 1986-08-18 |
YU42656B (en) | 1988-10-31 |
AR201687A1 (en) | 1975-04-08 |
NO148854C (en) | 1985-05-29 |
JPS5916596B2 (en) | 1984-04-16 |
CH602961A5 (en) | 1978-08-15 |
DK151231B (en) | 1987-11-16 |
JPS549A (en) | 1979-01-05 |
SE7403379L (en) | 1974-11-29 |
BR7402892D0 (en) | 1974-12-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NO148854B (en) | POWDER FORM FOR CORN WASHING OR BLEACHING MIXTURE, WITHOUT OR WITH REDUCED PHOSPHATE CONTENT | |
US4083793A (en) | Washing compositions containing aluminosilicates and nonionics and method of washing textiles | |
DE2412837C3 (en) | Means for washing or bleaching textiles using crystalline water-insoluble silicates, their preparation and their use | |
CA1037815A (en) | Process for the production of solid, pourable washing or cleaning agents with a content of a calcium binding silicate | |
FI64637C (en) | FOERFARANDE OCH MEDEL FOER TVAETTNING OCH BLEKNING AV TEXTILER | |
JPS6052194B2 (en) | detergent composition | |
US4136051A (en) | Pourable washing compositions containing a luminosilicates and non-ionics and method for their preparation | |
US4148603A (en) | Method of washing textiles and composition containing inorganic silicates and polycarboxylates and/or polyphosphonates | |
CA1052658A (en) | Method of washing textiles and composition containing inorganic silicates and polycarboxylates and/or polyphosphonates | |
US4846990A (en) | Fabric-softening detergent | |
CA1058046A (en) | Washing agent compositions including aluminosilicates and nta and processes of washing | |
DK156174B (en) | PROCEDURE AND SUBSTANCE FOR WASHING AND CLEANING SOLID MATERIALS, INSIDE TEXTILES | |
CA1039607A (en) | Washing compositions containing aluminosilicates and specific tensides and method of washing textiles | |
DE2533633A1 (en) | Binding agents for calcium in washing and cleaning agents - comprising synthetic crystalline water insol aluminium silicate cpds | |
DE2430144A1 (en) | Textile washing/bleaching agents - contg copolymers of definically unsatd carboxylic acids as org cation exchangers | |
CA1314189C (en) | Detergent compositions | |
US5145599A (en) | Use of cationic non-silicate layer compounds in detergents | |
US4392974A (en) | Low-phosphate detergent builder salt mixture and process of washing | |
JPH0129839B2 (en) | ||
SU559656A3 (en) | Detergent | |
KR800001333B1 (en) | Washing and/or bleaching compositions containing silicate cation exchangers | |
NO880248L (en) | TEXTILE SOFTING DETERGENT. | |
DE2531342A1 (en) | Washing textiles and dishes - using compsns. contg. calcium bonding crystalline aluminium silicates having rounded corners and edges | |
DE2543941A1 (en) | General purpose detergents, partic. for textiles and tableware - contg. water insol. synthetic aluminium silicates of specified crystal structure | |
DE2532501A1 (en) | Fabric surface cleaning process - uses a water-insoluble ion exchanger in the treatment fluid |