NO802171L - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DETERGENT AND CLEANER - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DETERGENT AND CLEANERInfo
- Publication number
- NO802171L NO802171L NO802171A NO802171A NO802171L NO 802171 L NO802171 L NO 802171L NO 802171 A NO802171 A NO 802171A NO 802171 A NO802171 A NO 802171A NO 802171 L NO802171 L NO 802171L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- water
- aluminum silicates
- powder
- aluminum
- surfactants
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- -1 builders Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000005701 Calcium-Binding Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010045403 Calcium-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DNEHKUCSURWDGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Al] DNEHKUCSURWDGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXQXMCWCWVCFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O SXQXMCWCWVCFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021395 porridge Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Description
Som kjent inneholder vaske- og rensemidler som benyttes i husholdningen, i yrkesvaskerier og i industri-bedrifter ofte større mengder av kondenserte fosfater, As is well known, detergents and cleaning agents used in the household, in commercial laundries and in industrial companies often contain large amounts of condensed phosphates,
spesielt tripolyfosfat, som for en vesentlig del er ansvarlig for den gode rensevirkning ved disse midler. Fosfatinnholdet av disse midler kritiseres i forbindelse med spørsmål om økologi og derved representeres også ofte den oppfatning at disse fosfater via vannet kommer i elver og sjøer til vannets eutrofering, dvs. fører til en økning av algeveksten og oksy-genforbruket. Man tilstreber derfor å fjerne fosfatet fra vaske- og renseprosesser resp. fra de dertil benyttede midler eller vesentlig å nedsette dets mengde. especially tripolyphosphate, which is largely responsible for the good cleaning effect of these agents. The phosphate content of these agents is criticized in connection with questions about ecology, and thereby the opinion is also often represented that these phosphates enter rivers and lakes via the water to the water's eutrophication, i.e. leading to an increase in algae growth and oxygen consumption. Efforts are therefore made to remove the phosphate from washing and cleaning processes or from the funds used for that purpose or to significantly reduce its amount.
Det er allerede ifra DOS 1.617.058 kjent å anvende vanriuoppløselige cellulosederivater, spesielt fosforylert bomull ved vaskeprosessen til avherdning av vannet. It is already known from DOS 1,617,058 to use water-insoluble cellulose derivatives, especially phosphorylated cotton in the washing process to soften the water.
Dette forslag er imidlertid ingen teknisk brukbar løsning av problemet fordi ofte for store mengder av fosforylert bomull må tilsettes for å binde vannets hårdhetsdannere, bortsett fra at cellulosederivater med liten kalsiumbindeevne, som f.eks. sulfetoksycellulose, karboksymetylcellulose og ravsyre-halvester av cellulose. However, this proposal is not a technically viable solution to the problem because often too large amounts of phosphorylated cotton must be added to bind the water's hardness formers, except that cellulose derivatives with little calcium binding capacity, such as e.g. sulfethoxycellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and succinic acid half-esters of cellulose.
Det er videre fra DOS 2.055.423 kjent til pulverformede til kornede vaske- og rensemidler å sette i vann og i alkaliske oppløsninger uoppløselige, kationutvekslende nettdannede polymerisater som eksempelvis et nettdannet polymerisat av divinylbenzen og polyacrylsyre eller poly-metaerylsyre. Tilsetter man disse vannuoppløselige, i form av fine partikler foreliggende kationutvekslere til vaskevannet, så fordeler de seg hver gang i tekstilene som skal vaskes, og kan bare meget ufullstendig igjen skylles ut. Av denne grunn har man også foreslått å tilsette de kornede polymerisaterLtil vaskevannet"innsydde gjennomtrengelige poser. Derved begrenses imidlertid sterkt kontakten med vaskevannet It is further known from DOS 2,055,423 for powdered to granular detergents and cleaning agents to put insoluble, cation-exchanged net-formed polymers such as, for example, a net-formed polymer of divinylbenzene and polyacrylic acid or poly-metaerylic acid in water and in alkaline solutions. If you add these water-insoluble, in the form of fine particles, cation exchangers to the wash water, they are distributed each time in the textiles to be washed, and can only be rinsed out very incompletely. For this reason, it has also been proposed to add the granular polymers to the washing water in "sewn-in permeable bags. This, however, greatly limits the contact with the washing water
og dermed polymerisatets virkning.and thus the action of the polymer.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av et vaske- og rensemiddel til vasking, bleking eller rensing av faste materialer, spesielt tekstiler. Fremgangsmåten erkarakterisert vedat et aluminiumsilikat som er synte tisk fremstilt inneholder bundet vann, har en ifølge beskrivelsen angitt bestemmelsesmetode ved 22°C fastslått kalsiumbindeevne fra 50 til 200 mg CaO/g vannfritt aktivstoff med den generelle formel: The invention relates to a method for producing a detergent and cleaning agent for washing, bleaching or cleaning solid materials, especially textiles. The method is characterized by the fact that an aluminum silicate that is synthetically produced contains bound water, a determination method specified in the description at 22°C has determined calcium binding capacity from 50 to 200 mg CaO/g anhydrous active substance with the general formula:
hvor Kat betyr et med kalsium utvekslbart kation av verdighet n, x betyr et tall fra 0,7-1,5 og y et tall fra 0,8-6, fortrinnsvis 1,3-4, og med en partikkelstørrelse som ligger mellom støvfinhet og 100 u og fortrinnsvis i området fra 50 til 1 m, idet partikkelstørrelsen også kan ligge under 10y, blandes som fosfatutvekslingsstoffer i pulverform med de øvrige pulverformede stoffer av produktet som skal fremstilles, eller under røring innarbeider, en vandig blanding av vann- og varme-stabile vaske- og rensemiddelvirksomme stoffer, valgt fra gruppen bestående av tensider, byggere, skumstabilisatorer, smussbærere, vaskealkalier og optiske lysgjørere, varmtørket på valser eller i forstøvningstårn og således overføres i et risledyktig pulver og eventuelt blandes det således dannede pulverprodukt med varme- resp. fuktighetsstabile virksomme stoffer som f.eks. blekemidler, ikke-ioniske tensider, luktstoffer, enzymer osv., idet de oljeaktige.eller pastaformige ikke-ioniske tensider eller luktstoffer sprøytes på pulveret. where Kat means a calcium-exchangeable cation of value n, x means a number from 0.7-1.5 and y a number from 0.8-6, preferably 1.3-4, and with a particle size between dust fineness and 100 u and preferably in the range from 50 to 1 m, as the particle size can also be below 10y, mixed as phosphate exchange substances in powder form with the other powdered substances of the product to be produced, or while stirring incorporates an aqueous mixture of water and heat -stable detergent- and cleaning agent-active substances, selected from the group consisting of surfactants, builders, foam stabilizers, dirt carriers, washing alkalis and optical brighteners, heat-dried on rollers or in an atomizing tower and thus transferred into a free-flowing powder and optionally mixing the thus-formed powder product with heat-resp. . moisture-stable active substances such as bleaches, non-ionic surfactants, odorants, enzymes, etc., the oily or pasty non-ionic surfactants or odorants being sprayed onto the powder.
;Alumin.iumsilikaténes kalsiumbindeevne ligger fortrinnsvis i området fra 100 til 200 mg CaO/g AS. The calcium binding capacity of aluminum silicates is preferably in the range from 100 to 200 mg CaO/g AS.
Som kation kommer det fortrinnsvis på tale natrium, det kan imidlertid også være erstattet med lithium, kalium, ammonium eller magnesium, samt ved kationene av vann-oppløselige organiske baser, f.eks. ved slike av primære, sekundære eller tertiære aminer resp.'ålkylolaminer méd maksimalt 2 C-atomer pr. ålkylrést resp. maksimalt 3-C-atomer pr. alkylolrest. The cation is preferably sodium, but it can also be replaced with lithium, potassium, ammonium or magnesium, as well as with the cations of water-soluble organic bases, e.g. in the case of primary, secondary or tertiary amines or alkyl amines with a maximum of 2 C atoms per eel cooling rest or maximum 3-C atoms per alkylol residue.
De ovenfor definerte aluminiumsilikater larThe aluminosilicates defined above allow
seg fremstille syntetisk på enkel måte 'f.eks. ved reaksjon'be produced synthetically in a simple way 'e.g. by reaction'
av vannoppløselige silikater med vannoppløselige aluminater i nærvær av vann. For dette formål kan vandige oppløsninger av utgangsmaterialene blandes med hverandre eller en komponent of water-soluble silicates with water-soluble aluminates in the presence of water. For this purpose, aqueous solutions of the starting materials can be mixed with each other or a component
foreliggende i fast tilstand omsettes med den andre som vandig oppløsning foreliggende komponent. Også ved sammenblan-ding av begge i fast tilstand foreliggende komponenter får man ved nærvær av vann de ønskede aluminiumsilikater. Også fra AlCOH)^/ Al-203 eller si°2^"ar ^et se<=* vec^ omsetning med alkalisilikat- resp. aluminatoppløsningen fremstille aluminiumsilikater. Endelig danner slike substanser seg også fra smeiten,-, imidlertid synes denne fremgangsmåte på grunn av de nødvendige høye smeltetemperaturer og nødvendigheten å måtte overføre smeiten i finfordelte produkter økonomisk mindre interessant. present in a solid state is reacted with the other component present as an aqueous solution. Also by mixing both components present in the solid state, the desired aluminum silicates are obtained in the presence of water. Aluminum silicates are also produced from AlCOH)^/ Al-203 or si°2^"ar ^et<=* vec^ reaction with the alkali silicate or aluminate solution. Finally, such substances are also formed from the smelting,-, however, this method seems to due to the necessary high melting temperatures and the necessity to transfer the smelting in finely divided products economically less interesting.
Riktignok danner de ifølge .oppfinnelsen anvend-bare kationutvekslende aluminiumsilikater seg bare ved over-holdelse av spesielle fellingsbetingelser, da det ellers opp-står produkter som ikke har eller har en utilstrekkelig kation-utveksleevne. Fremstilling av de ifølge oppfinnelsen brukbare aluminiumsilikater er omtalt i den eksperimentelle del. Admittedly, the cation-exchangeable aluminum silicates which can be used according to the invention only form when special precipitation conditions are observed, as otherwise products arise which do not have or have insufficient cation-exchange capacity. Production of the aluminum silicates usable according to the invention is discussed in the experimental part.
De ved utfelling fremstilte eller etter andre fremgangsmåter i finfordelt tilstand i vandig suspensjon over-førte aluminiumsilikater kan ved oppvarming til temperaturer på 50-200°C overføres fra amorft i den aldrede resp. i den krystallinske tilstand, imidlertid består det mellom disse to former med hensyn til kalsiumbindeevne knapt noen forskjell. Denne er bortsett fra tørkebetingelsene, proporsjonal mengden av det i aluminiumsilikatene inneholdte aluminium. Alikevel anvendes fortrinnsvis de krystallinske aluminiumsilikater for formålet ifølge oppfinnelsen. Den foretrukne, omtrent i området på 100-200 mg CaO/g AS liggende kalsiumbindeevne finnes frem-for alt ved forbindelser av sammensetning: The aluminosilicates produced by precipitation or transferred by other methods in a finely divided state in aqueous suspension can be transferred from amorphous in the aged resp. in the crystalline state, however, there is hardly any difference between these two forms with regard to calcium binding capacity. Apart from the drying conditions, this is proportional to the amount of aluminum contained in the aluminum silicates. Nevertheless, the crystalline aluminum silicates are preferably used for the purpose according to the invention. The preferred calcium binding capacity, approximately in the range of 100-200 mg CaO/g AS, is found above all in compounds of the composition:
Denne summeformel omfatter to typer forskjellig krystallstrukturer (resp. deres ikke krystallinske forprodukter) , som også adskiller seg ved deres summeformel. Dette er: This sum formula comprises two types of different crystal structures (or their non-crystalline precursors), which also differ by their sum formula. This is:
De forskjellige krystallstrukturer viser seg The different crystal structures appear
i røntgenbøyningsdiagram, de derved fastslåtte d-verdier er angitt nedenfor ved omtale av fremstillingen av aluminiumsilikatene. in X-ray diffraction diagram, the d-values determined thereby are indicated below when discussing the production of the aluminum silicates.
De i vandig suspensjon foreliggende amorfe eller krystallinske aluminiumsilikater lar seg ved filtrering adskille fra den gjenværende vandige oppløsning og tørker ved temperaturer på f.eks. 5 0-800°C. Alt etter tørkebetingelsene inneholder produktet mer eller mindre bundet vann. Vannfrie produkter får man ved 800°C. Vil man utdrive vannet fullstendig, så er dette mulig ved en time oppvarming ved 800°C, på denne måte bestemmes også aluminiumsilikatenes AS-innhold. The amorphous or crystalline aluminum silicates present in aqueous suspension can be separated from the remaining aqueous solution by filtration and dried at temperatures of e.g. 50-800°C. Depending on the drying conditions, the product contains more or less bound water. Anhydrous products are obtained at 800°C. If you want to expel the water completely, this is possible by heating for one hour at 800°C, in this way the AS content of the aluminum silicates is also determined.
Slike høye tørketemperaturer er ikke å anbefale ved aluminiumsilikatene som skal anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, hensiktsmessig går man ikke ut over 4 00°C. Det er en spesiell fordel at også ved vesentlig lavere temperaturer på f.eks. Such high drying temperatures are not recommended for the aluminum silicates to be used according to the invention, it is appropriate not to exceed 400°C. It is a particular advantage that even at significantly lower temperatures of e.g.
80-200°C inntil fjerning av vedhengende flytende vann tørkede produkter er brukbare for formålet ifølge oppfinnelsen. De således fremstilte aluminiumsilikater som inneholder vekslende mengde bundet vann, fremkommer etter oppdeling av den tørkede filterkake som fint pulver, hvis primærpartikkelstørrelse maksimalt utgjør 0,1 mm, for det meste imidlertid er vesentlig lavere og inntil støvfinhet, f.eks. inntil 0,1 y. Derved er det å ta hensyn til at primærpartiklene kan være agglomerert til større strukturer. Ved mange fremstillingsfremgangsmåter får man primærpartikkelstørrelser i området på 50-1 y. 80-200°C until removal of adhering liquid water dried products are usable for the purpose according to the invention. The aluminosilicates produced in this way, which contain varying amounts of bound water, appear after dividing the dried filter cake as a fine powder, the primary particle size of which is a maximum of 0.1 mm, but for the most part it is significantly lower and up to dust fineness, e.g. up to 0.1 y. In doing so, it must be taken into account that the primary particles may be agglomerated into larger structures. With many production methods, primary particle sizes in the range of 50-1 y are obtained.
Med spesiell fordel anvender man aluminiumsilikater, som til minst 80 vekt% består av partikler av en størrelse fra 10 til 0,01 y, fortrinnsvis fra 8 til 0,1 y. Fortrinnsvis inneholder disse aluminiumsilikater ingen primær-resp. sekundærpartikler over 40 y. Såvidt det derved dreier seg om krystallinske produkter, betegnes disse av enkelthets-grunn som "mikrokrystallinsk". With particular advantage, aluminum silicates are used, which consist of at least 80% by weight of particles of a size from 10 to 0.01 y, preferably from 8 to 0.1 y. Preferably, these aluminum silicates contain no primary or secondary particles over 40 y. In so far as it concerns crystalline products, these are referred to as "microcrystalline" for reasons of simplicity.
Man søkte allerede 1 lengere tid etter en brukbar fosfaterstatning som ikke bare formår å binde kalsium, People have already been searching for a long time for a usable phosphate substitute that not only manages to bind calcium,
men også biologisk lar seg avbygge i avvannet. Man har derfor foreslått de forskjelligste organiske forbindelser som fosfat-substitutter. Den tekniske lære ifølge oppfinnelsen ' for dette but also biologically can be broken down in the waste water. A wide variety of organic compounds have therefore been proposed as phosphate substitutes. The technical teaching according to the invention 'for this
formål å anvende vannuoppløselige, kationutvekslende aluminiumsilikater er derfor helt motsatt arbeidsretningen i den samlede fagverden. Derved er det spesielt overraskende at de vannuoppløselige aluminiumsilikater fullstendig utskylles fra tekstilene. Anvendelsen av aluminiumsilikatene bevirker i to henseender en avlastning av awannet: de fosformengder som kommer i awannet reduseres sterkt eller elimineres sterkt,.dessuten krever.aluminiumsilikatene ikke oksygen for den biologiske avbygning. De er av mineralisk natur, av-setter seg etterhvert i klareanlegg eller i naturlig vann og oppfyller således idealkravene til et fosfatsubstitutt. purpose of using water-insoluble, cation-exchanged aluminum silicates is therefore completely opposite to the direction of work in the overall professional world. Thereby, it is particularly surprising that the water-insoluble aluminum silicates are completely rinsed from the textiles. The use of the aluminum silicates brings relief to the waste water in two respects: the amounts of phosphorus that enter the waste water are greatly reduced or eliminated, and the aluminum silicates do not require oxygen for biological degradation. They are of a mineral nature, eventually settle in treatment plants or in natural water and thus meet the ideal requirements for a phosphate substitute.
Fortrinnsvis anvendes ved fremgangsmåten :ifølge oppfinnelsen vannoppløselige komplekse.rings- resp. fellingsmidler for kalsiumioner, hvorved ved anvendelsen av fremgangsmåteproduktene fjerningen av forurensninger merkbart akselle-reres resp. forbedres. Ved anvendelsen av fosforholdige komplekserings- resp. fellingsmidler burde det imidlertid velges slike mengder at fosforbelastningen av awannet tydelig er mindre enn ved anvendelsen av de for tiden vanlige vaskemidler \ på basis av trifosfat. Preferably, water-soluble complexing or precipitating agents for calcium ions, whereby when using the process products the removal of contaminants is noticeably accelerated or improve. When using phosphorus-containing complexing or precipitating agents should, however, be selected in such quantities that the phosphorus load of the waste water is clearly less than when using the currently common detergents based on triphosphate.
Til komplekserings- resp. fellingsmidler hører slike av uorganisk natur som f.eks. pyrofosfat, trifosfat, høyere polyfos fater og metafosfater. For complexation or Precipitating agents include those of an inorganic nature such as e.g. pyrophosphate, triphosphate, higher polyphosphates and metaphosphates.
Organiske forbindelser som tgener som komplek-; serings- resp. fellingsmidler for kalsium, finnes blant poly-karboksylsyrer, hydroksykarboksylsyrer, aminokarboksylsyrer, karboksyalkyletere, polyanioniske polymere, spesielt de polymere karboksylsyrer og fosfonsyrer, idet disse forbindelser for det meste anvendes i form av deres vannoppløselige salter. ) De som kompleksdannere resp. fellingsmidler for kalsiumioner nevnte forbindelser er helt igjennom brukbare som byggere, de kan derfor være tilstede i de ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilte midler også i større mengder enn det som er nødvendig for å oppfylle deres funksjon som kompleksdannere, j resp. fellingsmiddel for kalsiumioner. Organic compounds that tgene as complex; serings- or precipitants for calcium are found among polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, carboxyalkyl ethers, polyanionic polymers, especially the polymeric carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids, these compounds being mostly used in the form of their water-soluble salts. ) Those as complex formers or precipitating agents for calcium ions, the aforementioned compounds are completely usable as builders, they can therefore be present in the agents produced according to the invention also in larger quantities than is necessary to fulfill their function as complex formers, j resp. precipitant for calcium ions.
Bestanddelene av fremgangsmåteproduktene som fortrinnsvis anvendes som tekstilvaskemidler resp. som hus-holdningsrensemidler, spesielt byggerstoffene, velges for det meste således at preparatene reagerer nøytralt til kraftig alkalisk, således at pH-verdien av en 1%-ig oppløsning av et preparat for det meste ligger i området på 7-12. Derved har f.eks. finvaskemidlet for det meste nøytralt til svakt alkalisk reaksjon (pH-verdi =57-9,5), mens bløtnings-, for-vaske- og kokevaskemidler er"'innstilt sterkere alkalisk (pH-verdi = 9,5-12, fortrinnsvis 10-11,5). Kreves for spesielle renseformål høyere pH-verdier,lar dette seg lett inn-stille ved anvendelsen av alkalisilikater av egnet Na20 : SiC^-forhold eller av etzalkalier. The components of the process products which are preferably used as textile detergents or as household cleaning agents, especially the building materials, are mostly chosen so that the preparations react neutrally to strongly alkaline, so that the pH value of a 1% solution of a preparation is mostly in the range of 7-12. Thereby, e.g. the delicate detergent mostly neutral to slightly alkaline reaction (pH value = 57-9.5), while soaking, pre-wash and boiling detergents are more alkaline (pH value = 9.5-12, preferably 10 -11.5).If higher pH values are required for special cleaning purposes, this can be easily adjusted by using alkali silicates of a suitable Na 2 O : SiC 2 ratio or eth alkalis.
Til de vaskende, blekende eller rensende virkende stoffer som i tillegg kan anvendes ved fremgangsmåten til fremstilling av vaske- og rensemidler, hører f.eks. tensider, tensidlignende eller ikke-tensidlignende skumstabilisatorer eller -inhibitorer, tekstilmykningsmidler, nøytralt eller alkalisk reagerende byggerstoffer, kjemisk virkende blekemidler, samt stabilisatorer og/eller aktivatorer for disse. Andre, for det meste i mindre mengder tilstedeværende hjelpe- og tilsetningsstoffer er f.eks. korrosjonsinhibitorer, antimikrobielle stoffer, smussbærere, enzymer, lysgjørere, farve- og duftstoffer osv. The washing, bleaching or cleansing agents which can also be used in the process for the production of washing and cleaning agents include e.g. surfactants, surfactant-like or non-surfactant-like foam stabilizers or inhibitors, textile softeners, neutrally or alkaline-reactive builders, chemically active bleaching agents, as well as stabilizers and/or activators for these. Other, mostly in smaller quantities, auxiliary substances and additives are e.g. corrosion inhibitors, antimicrobial substances, dirt carriers, enzymes, brighteners, dyes and fragrances, etc.
Sammensetningen av typiske, ifølge oppfinnelsen, fremstilte ved temperaturer i området fra 50 til 100°C an-vendbare tekstilvaskemidler ligger i området av følgende reseptur: 5-30 % anioniske og/eller ikke-ioniske og/eller The composition of typical, according to the invention, manufactured at temperatures in the range from 50 to 100°C usable textile detergents lies in the range of the following recipe: 5-30% anionic and/or non-ionic and/or
zwitterioniske tensiderzwitterionic surfactants
5-70 % aluminiumsilikater (ref. til AS)5-70% aluminum silicates (ref. to AS)
2-45 % kompleksdannere for kalsium 0-50 %■ vaskealkalier som ikke er istand til 2-45% complex formers for calcium 0-50%■ washing alkalis that are not suitable for
kompleksdannelse (=alkaliske byggerstoffer) complex formation (=alkaline building materials)
0-50 % blekemidler samt andre, for det meste i mindre mengder i tekstilvaskemidler tilstedeværende tilsetningsstoffer. 0-50% bleaching agents as well as other, mostly in smaller quantities, additives present in textile detergents.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen lar altså de pulverformede aluminiumsilikater seg på enkel måte blande med de andre vaskemiddel komponenter, idet oljeaktige eller pastaformede produkter som f.eks. nonionics påsprøytes på pulveret. En annen fremstillingsmulighet består i innarbeidelse av de pulverformede aluminiumsilikater i de andre som vandig grøt foreliggende bestanddeler av midlet, som deretter ved krystalli-sasjonsprosesser eller ved tørking av vannet i varmen over-føres i et pulver. Etter varmtørking, f.eks. på valser eller i forstøvningstårn, lar det seg deretter innarbeide varme- og fuktighetsfølsomme bestanddeler som f.eks. bleke-komponenter og aktivatorer for disse, enzymer, antimikrobielle stoffer osv. According to the invention, the powdered aluminum silicates can therefore be easily mixed with the other detergent components, as oily or pasty products such as e.g. nonionics are sprayed onto the powder. Another manufacturing possibility consists in incorporating the powdered aluminum silicates into the other components of the agent present as aqueous slurry, which are then transferred into a powder by crystallization processes or by drying the water in the heat. After heat drying, e.g. on rollers or in an atomizing tower, it is then possible to incorporate heat- and moisture-sensitive components such as e.g. bleaching components and activators for these, enzymes, antimicrobial substances, etc.
EksemplerExamples
Det omtales først fremstilling av de férdig-dannede aluminiumsilikater som skal anvendes, idet denne fremstilling ikke omfattes av oppfinnelsen. The manufacture of the ready-made aluminum silicates to be used is first mentioned, as this manufacture is not covered by the invention.
i et kar.av 15 liters. innhold ble.den.med ,avionisert vann fortynnede aluminatoppløsning under sterk om-røring blandet med silikatoppløsningen. Begge oppløsninger hadde værélsetemperatur. Det dannet seg under eksoterm reaksjon som primærfellingsprodukt et røntgenamorfts natrium-aluminiumsilikat. Etter .10 minutters .lang kraftig omrøring ble suspensjonen av utfellingsproduktet. overført i en krystallisasjonsbeholder, hvor den forble noen tid ved forhøyet" temperatur for krystallisering. Etter .frasugning av luten fra krystallgrøten og ettervasking med avionisert vann inntil det avløpende vaskevann har en pH-verdi på ca. 10$.. ble filterresiduet tørket. Hvis man avviker fra denne generelle frem-stillingsforskrift er dette ettertrykkelig nevnt i den spesielle del. Således benyttet man f.eks. i noen tilfeller for de anvendelsestekniske forsøk den homogeniserté, ikke-krystalli-serte suspensjon av utfellingsprodukter resp. krystallgrøten. Vanninnholdené -ble bestemt ved én times oppvarming av produktet ved 8 00°C. in a vessel of 15 litres. content, the aluminate solution diluted with deionized water was mixed with the silicate solution under vigorous stirring. Both solutions were at room temperature. An X-ray amorphous sodium aluminum silicate was formed during the exothermic reaction as the primary precipitation product. After .10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension of the precipitated product. transferred into a crystallization vessel, where it remained for some time at an elevated temperature for crystallization. After extracting the lye from the crystal slurry and washing with deionized water until the effluent wash water has a pH value of about 10, the filter residue was dried. If if you deviate from these general production regulations, this is emphatically mentioned in the special part. Thus, for example, in some cases for the application technical trials, the homogenised, non-crystallized suspension of precipitation products or the crystal porridge was used. The water content was determined by heating the product for one hour at 800°C.
Ved fremstilling av mikrokrystallinske aluminiumsilikater,karakterisert vedtillegget "m", ble med avionisert vann fortynnet aluminatoppløsning blandet med silikat-oppløsningen og behandlet med en intensrører med høy hastighet (10.00 0 omdr./min; fabrikat "Ultraturrax" fra. firma Janke og Kunkel IKA-Werk, Staufen/Breisgau/BRD). Etter ti minutters kraftig omrøring ble suspensjonen av det amorfe fellings-produkt overført i en krystallisasjonsbeholder, hvor dannel-sen av store krystaller ble hindret ved omrøring av suspensjonen. Etter frasuging av luten fra krystallgrøten og etterrtvasking med avionisert vann inntil det avløpne vaskevann har en pH-verdi på ca. 10, tørkes filterresiduet, In the production of microcrystalline aluminum silicates, characterized by the suffix "m", an aluminate solution diluted with deionized water was mixed with the silicate solution and treated with a high-speed intensive stirrer (10.00 0 rpm; make "Ultraturrax" from the company Janke og Kunkel IKA -Werk, Staufen/Breisgau/BRD). After ten minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension of the amorphous precipitation product was transferred into a crystallization container, where the formation of large crystals was prevented by stirring the suspension. After suctioning off the lye from the crystal slurry and subsequent washing with deionized water until the drained wash water has a pH value of approx. 10, the filter residue is dried,
males deretter i en kulemølle, oppdeles i to fraksjoner i en flyvekraftsikter (mikroplex-Windsichter fra firma Alpine, Augsburg, BRD) i to fraksjoner, hvorav den finere ikke inneholder mengder over 10 y... Kornstørrelsefordelingen ble bestemt ved hjelp av eiysedimentasjonsvekt. is then ground in a ball mill, divided into two fractions in an air power sieve (mikroplex-Windsichter from the company Alpine, Augsburg, BRD) into two fractions, the finer of which does not contain amounts above 10 y... The grain size distribution was determined by means of egg sedimentation weight.
Krystallisasjonsgraden. av et aluminiums il ikat lar seg bestemme av intensiteten av interferenslinjer av et røntgenbøyediagram av det eventuelle produkt sammenlignet til tilsvarende diagram av røntgenambrfé resp. helt gjennomkrystalliserte produkter. The degree of crystallization. of an aluminum ilicate can be determined from the intensity of interference lines of an X-ray diffraction diagram of the eventual product compared to a corresponding diagram of X-ray diffraction resp. fully crystallized products.
Alle %-angivelser er vekt%.All percentages are by weight.
Kalsiumbindeevnen av aluminiumsilikatene ble i bestemt på følgende måte: 1 liter av en vandig, 0,594 g CaCl2(=300 mg CaO/1 = 30°"dH)-holdig og med fortynnet NaOH på en pH-verdi The calcium binding capacity of the aluminum silicates was determined in the following way: 1 liter of an aqueous solution containing 0.594 g CaCl2 (=300 mg CaO/1 = 30°"dH) and with diluted NaOH at a pH value
på 10 innstilt oppløsning .blandes med 1 g aluminiumsilikat (ref. til AS). Deretter-omrøres suspensjonen kraftig i 15 ; minutter ved en temperatur på 22°C (- 2°C). Etter frafiltre-ring av aluminiumsilikatet bestemmer man resthårdheten x av filtratet. Derav beregner det seg kalsiumbindeevne i mg CaO/g. AS etter formel: (30-x) . 10. of 10 set solution. mix with 1 g of aluminum silicate (ref. to AS). The suspension is then vigorously stirred for 15 ; minutes at a temperature of 22°C (- 2°C). After filtering off the aluminum silicate, the residual hardness x of the filtrate is determined. From this the calcium binding capacity is calculated in mg CaO/g. AS by formula: (30-x) . 10.
Bestemmer man kalsiumbindeevnen ved høyere ) temperaturer, f.eks. ved 60°C, så finner man alltid bedre verdier enn ved 22°C. Denne omstendighet utmerker aluminiumsilikatene overfor de fleste av de hittil til anvendelse i vaskemidlet foreslåtte oppløselige kompleksdannere og er ved deres anvendelse et spesielt teknisk fremskritt. The calcium binding capacity is determined at higher ) temperatures, e.g. at 60°C, you always find better values than at 22°C. This circumstance distinguishes the aluminum silicates from most of the soluble complex formers proposed to date for use in the detergent and is, in their use, a special technical advance.
Ettertørker man det således dannede produkt én time ved-4 00°C, får man et aluminiumsilikat Ia av sammensetning : 0,9 Na20 . 1 A1203. 2,04 Si02. 2,0 H20 If the product thus formed is dried for one hour at -400°C, an aluminum silicate Ia of composition: 0.9 Na20 is obtained. 1 A1203. 2.04 SiO 2 . 2.0 H 2 O
(= 11,4% H20)(= 11.4% H2O)
som likeledes egner seg for formålet ifølge oppfinnelsen. which is likewise suitable for the purpose according to the invention.
Også dette produkt lar seg avvanne ved etter-tørking (1 time ved 400°C) inntil sammensetningen: 0;8 Na^O . 1 A1203 2,65 Si02.0,2 H20 This product can also be dewatered by post-drying (1 hour at 400°C) until the composition: 0.8 Na^O . 1 A1203 2.65 SiO 2 .0.2 H 2 O
Dette awanningsprodukt Ila er likeledes brukbart for formålet ifølge oppfinnelsen. This dewatering product Ila is likewise usable for the purpose according to the invention.
Aluminiumsilikatene I og II viser i røntgen-bøyediagram følgende interferenslinjer: The aluminum silicates I and II show the following interference lines in the X-ray diffraction diagram:
Det er mulig at i røntgenbøyediagram ikke alle disse interferenslinjer opptrer, spesielt når aluminiumsilikatene ikke er helt gjennomkrystalliserte. Derfor ble de for karakterisering av disse typer viktigste d-verdierkarakterisertmed et "(+)". It is possible that in the X-ray diffraction diagram not all of these interference lines appear, especially when the aluminum silicates are not fully crystallized. Therefore, for the characterization of these types, the most important d-values were characterized with a "(+)".
For fremstilling av kalium-aluminiumsilikatet ble luten frasuget, residuet vasket med vann og oppslemmet i en vandig KCl-holdig oppløsning. Etter 30 minutters oppvarming ved 80-90°C ble det frafiltrert og vasket. Primærpartikkelstørrelse av ovennevnte aluminiumsilikat lå i området fra 10 til 45 p.- To prepare the potassium aluminum silicate, the lye was sucked off, the residue washed with water and slurried in an aqueous KCl-containing solution. After 30 minutes of heating at 80-90°C, it was filtered off and washed. Primary particle size of the above-mentioned aluminum silicate was in the range from 10 to 45 p.-
Den ved sedimentasjonsanalyse bestemte partikkel-størrelsefordeling av ovennevnte mikrokrystallinske produkter Im og lim lå i følgende område: The particle size distribution of the above-mentioned microcrystalline products Im and lim, determined by sedimentation analysis, was in the following range:
Eksempel Example
Dette eksempel vedrører et tekstilvaskemiddel som tjener til å vise forbedringen av vaskevirkningen av et This example relates to a textile detergent which serves to show the improvement of the washing effect of a
.aluminiumsilikatholdig vaskemiddel ved tilsetning av en kompleksdanner resp. fellingsmiddel for kalsiumioner. Vaskemidlet fremstilles som følger: 50,1 deler aluminiumsilikat Ia ble blandet med: .aluminosilicate-containing detergent by adding a complexing agent or precipitant for calcium ions. The detergent is prepared as follows: 50.1 parts of aluminum silicate Ia were mixed with:
22,1 deler natriumperborat-tetrahydrat22.1 parts sodium perborate tetrahydrate
4,2 deler av den event. kompleksdanner resp. 4.2 parts of that event. complex former or
fellingsmiddel for kalsiumioner i form av natriumsalt og med precipitant for calcium ions in the form of sodium salt and with
23,6 deler av et ved varmforstøvning dannet pulver av følgende | s"ammensétning: 5,3 deler alkylbenzensulfonat-natriumsalt 23.6 parts of a powder formed by hot atomization of the following | composition: 5.3 parts alkylbenzene sulphonate sodium salt
2.0 deler talgalkoholetoksylat 2.0 parts tallow alcohol ethoxylate
(med 14 mol Ad)(with 14 mol Ad)
2,8 deler av en natriumsåpe av 2.8 parts of a sodium soap of
C12~<C>22~fettsvrer 2,5 deler,vannglass Na20.3,3 Si021,2 deler karboksymetylcellulose-natriumsalt C12~<C>22~fatty acid 2.5 parts, water glass Na20.3,3 Si021,2 parts carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt
1,7 deler magnesiumsilikat 2.1 deler natriumsulfat 6,0 deler vann. 1.7 parts magnesium silicate 2.1 parts sodium sulfate 6.0 parts water.
Som kompleksdanner resp. fellingsmiddel for kalsiumioner ble det anvendt følgende stoffer i form av deres natriumsalter. I tillegg er det angitt deres remis jonsverdi som er en henvisning til vaskevirkningen av det angjeldende vaskemiddel. As a complex former or precipitant for calcium ions, the following substances were used in the form of their sodium salts. In addition, their reference value is indicated, which is a reference to the washing effect of the detergent in question.
x) x)
<x>)Disse to stoffprøver var blitt fremstilt ved polymerisa-sjon av acrolein og behandling av polymerisatet etter Canniz-zaro i nærvær av formaldehyd. <x>) These two material samples had been prepared by polymerization of acrolein and treatment of the polymerizate according to Cannizaro in the presence of formaldehyde.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0327773A AT368185B (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1973-04-13 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING OF TEXTILES AND MEANS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS |
AT800173A AT396691B (en) | 1973-09-17 | 1973-09-17 | Textile cleaning bath contg alumino silicates - as fine dispersion functioning as calcium sequestering agents |
AT944973A AT375391B (en) | 1973-11-09 | 1973-11-09 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS THEREOF |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO802171L true NO802171L (en) | 1974-10-15 |
Family
ID=27149307
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO740889A NO148854C (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-13 | POWDER FORM FOR CORN WASHING OR BLEACHING MIXTURE, WITHOUT OR WITH REDUCED PHOSPHATE CONTENT |
NO802171A NO802171L (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1980-07-18 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DETERGENT AND CLEANER |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO740889A NO148854C (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-13 | POWDER FORM FOR CORN WASHING OR BLEACHING MIXTURE, WITHOUT OR WITH REDUCED PHOSPHATE CONTENT |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (3) | JPS5761798B2 (en) |
AR (1) | AR201687A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7402892D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1036455A (en) |
CH (1) | CH602961A5 (en) |
CY (1) | CY1185A (en) |
DD (1) | DD112673A5 (en) |
DK (1) | DK151231C (en) |
ES (1) | ES425203A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI58652C (en) |
HK (1) | HK28584A (en) |
IE (1) | IE40918B1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1009446B (en) |
KE (1) | KE3321A (en) |
MY (1) | MY8500158A (en) |
NO (2) | NO148854C (en) |
SE (2) | SE419975C (en) |
SG (1) | SG68483G (en) |
YU (2) | YU42656B (en) |
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JPS5347408A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1978-04-27 | Mizusawa Industrial Chem | Detergent builder and preparation thereof |
DE2651445A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A II CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651420A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A V CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651485A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-24 | Degussa | TYPE A I CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651436A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A III CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651419A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A IV CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
DE2651437A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A VI CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
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NZ188469A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1980-12-19 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent composition comprising a univalent cation-exchanging zeolite a nonionic detergent and builder salts |
JPS54100406A (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1979-08-08 | Kao Corp | Bleaching detergent composition comprising aluminosilicate |
JPS5540388A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1980-03-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus utilizing titanium |
JPS56139597A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-31 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals | Detergent composition |
US4405482A (en) * | 1980-09-01 | 1983-09-20 | Richardson-Vicks Pty. Limited | Sanitizing formulation |
US4379080A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1983-04-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Granular detergent compositions containing film-forming polymers |
JPS647222Y2 (en) * | 1981-05-19 | 1989-02-27 | ||
NZ201211A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1985-08-16 | Unilever Plc | Detergent additives and compositions |
NZ201212A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1985-08-16 | Unilever Plc | Detergent additives and compositions |
JPS58161298A (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Device for firing discharge lamp |
JPS58206695A (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-01 | ダスキンフランチヤイズ株式会社 | Industrial detergent |
DE3472571D1 (en) * | 1983-08-27 | 1988-08-11 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
GB8329880D0 (en) * | 1983-11-09 | 1983-12-14 | Unilever Plc | Particulate adjuncts |
GB8334017D0 (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1984-02-01 | Unilever Plc | Detergent composition |
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JPH0660320B2 (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1994-08-10 | 花王株式会社 | Perfume granules |
JPS61174111A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1986-08-05 | Taki Chem Co Ltd | Production of amorphous aluminosilicate |
DE3644808A1 (en) * | 1986-12-31 | 1988-07-14 | Henkel Kgaa | PHOSPHATE-FREE DETERGENT WITH REDUCED FOAM PRIORITY |
JPH01167397A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-03 | Bairo Kogyo Kk | Cleansing agent and cosmetic utilizing ceramics |
JPH0219627A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-23 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Air-fuel ratio control device |
JPH03104460A (en) * | 1989-09-19 | 1991-05-01 | Nippon Conlux Co Ltd | Privacy call equipment |
JPH0539549U (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-28 | あさ乃 北岡 | Shiatsu cushion with shiatsu function |
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JPH081227U (en) * | 1992-05-20 | 1996-07-30 | 宏 川嶋 | Neon tube lighting device |
JPH0733150U (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-06-20 | 晃 近藤 | Pillow for chair |
US5618783A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1997-04-08 | Kao Corporation | Synthesized inorganic ion exchange material and detergent composition containing the same |
DE4422433A1 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-01-04 | Cognis Bio Umwelt | Multi-enzyme granules |
DE4426571A1 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of a stabilizer combination in the production of films of polyvinyl chloride by the calendering process |
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DE19507717A1 (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-09-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for the preparation of neutralized polysaccharide-based polycarboxylates |
DE19510313A1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Improved oxidation process for the production of polycarboxylates from polysaccharides |
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DE19545729A1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleach and detergent with an enzymatic bleaching system |
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DE19605688A1 (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-08-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Transition metal complexes as activators for peroxygen compounds |
DE19620411A1 (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Transition metal amine complexes as activators for peroxygen compounds |
WO1997036986A1 (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-09 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Cleaning agent with oligoammine activator complexes for peroxide compounds |
DE19616693A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Enol esters as bleach activators for detergents and cleaning agents |
DE19636035A1 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg | Paste-like detergent and cleaning agent |
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DE19713852A1 (en) | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Activators for peroxygen compounds in detergents and cleaning agents |
DE19732750A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1999-02-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Cleaning agent containing glucanase for hard surfaces |
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DE19732751A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1999-02-04 | Henkel Kgaa | New Bacillus beta glucanase |
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US6333005B1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-12-25 | Hercules Incorporated | Methods of preventing scaling involving inorganic compositions in combination with copolymers of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, and compositions therefor |
CN113169804B (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2024-03-22 | 瑞典爱立信有限公司 | Treatment of damaged antenna branches |
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NL281834A (en) * | 1961-08-07 | |||
FR2105475A5 (en) * | 1970-09-02 | 1972-04-28 | Sifrance | |
SE419975C (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1986-08-18 | Henkel Kgaa | DETERGENTS AND / OR BLENDS CONTAINING A CRYSTALLINE WATER-INSULATED SILICATE PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND USE |
US4605509A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1986-08-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions containing sodium aluminosilicate builders |
-
1974
- 1974-03-13 SE SE7403379A patent/SE419975C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-13 DK DK138474A patent/DK151231C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-13 FI FI763/74A patent/FI58652C/en active
- 1974-03-13 NO NO740889A patent/NO148854C/en unknown
- 1974-04-10 BR BR2892/74A patent/BR7402892D0/en unknown
- 1974-04-10 CY CY1185A patent/CY1185A/en unknown
- 1974-04-10 ES ES425203A patent/ES425203A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 JP JP49041640A patent/JPS5761798B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-04-11 IE IE789/74A patent/IE40918B1/en unknown
- 1974-04-11 DD DD177844A patent/DD112673A5/xx unknown
- 1974-04-11 CH CH508974A patent/CH602961A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-04-12 IT IT68183/74A patent/IT1009446B/en active
- 1974-04-15 AR AR253286A patent/AR201687A1/en active
- 1974-04-16 CA CA197,628A patent/CA1036455A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-10-13 JP JP52122924A patent/JPS5916596B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-13 JP JP52122923A patent/JPS5923356B2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-12-14 YU YU3059/79A patent/YU42656B/en unknown
- 1979-12-14 YU YU3060/79A patent/YU42956B/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-07-18 NO NO802171A patent/NO802171L/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-08-11 KE KE3321A patent/KE3321A/en unknown
- 1983-11-09 SG SG684/83A patent/SG68483G/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-03-29 HK HK285/84A patent/HK28584A/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-12-30 MY MY158/85A patent/MY8500158A/en unknown
-
1986
- 1986-02-05 SE SE8600523A patent/SE8600523L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO740889L (en) | 1974-10-15 |
JPS5012381A (en) | 1975-02-07 |
IT1009446B (en) | 1976-12-10 |
JPS5761798B2 (en) | 1982-12-25 |
JPS549A (en) | 1979-01-05 |
BR7402892D0 (en) | 1974-12-24 |
SE419975C (en) | 1986-08-18 |
YU42956B (en) | 1989-02-28 |
KE3321A (en) | 1983-09-16 |
SG68483G (en) | 1984-08-03 |
IE40918B1 (en) | 1979-09-12 |
YU42656B (en) | 1988-10-31 |
YU306079A (en) | 1983-12-31 |
SE419975B (en) | 1981-09-07 |
CY1185A (en) | 1983-10-07 |
SE8600523D0 (en) | 1986-02-05 |
MY8500158A (en) | 1985-12-31 |
AR201687A1 (en) | 1975-04-08 |
DD112673A5 (en) | 1975-04-20 |
SE8600523L (en) | 1986-02-05 |
NO148854B (en) | 1983-09-19 |
IE40918L (en) | 1974-10-13 |
SE7403379L (en) | 1974-11-29 |
DK151231C (en) | 1988-07-04 |
JPS548A (en) | 1979-01-05 |
HK28584A (en) | 1984-04-06 |
FI58652C (en) | 1983-05-09 |
CA1036455A (en) | 1978-08-15 |
JPS5916596B2 (en) | 1984-04-16 |
DK151231B (en) | 1987-11-16 |
CH602961A5 (en) | 1978-08-15 |
NO148854C (en) | 1985-05-29 |
FI58652B (en) | 1980-11-28 |
ES425203A1 (en) | 1976-11-01 |
JPS5923356B2 (en) | 1984-06-01 |
YU305979A (en) | 1983-12-31 |
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