NO130127B - - Google Patents

Description

Construction of prefabricated elements.

The present invention relates to a construction of prefabricated elements, comprising hollow or massive columns which have a star-shaped cross-section and which along the edges are equipped with radially directed flanges, to whose opposite sides horizontal supports of roughly the same length are arranged to form triangular grids, as well as walls for external demarcation of the building and for internal division of the building.

Buildings made of prefabricated elements are known in various designs.

From US patent 3,372,518 certain elements are known, for example hexagonal columns with a star-shaped cross-section with arms forming the edges. Furthermore, it is known to divide a building into grid fields with triangular grids. It is also known to use door panels, window panels and wall panels as well as intermediate wall panels where

all walls lean from pillar to pillar.

From French patent document 1,062,095, a hexagon-shaped roof is known which is divided into triangular grids and which is supported by columns at the corners. In the center of the hexagon, the colliding peaks of the triangles are held together by a connecting piece.

According to Austrian <p>patent 257-113, grid fields are proposed in the floor and roof of a building which is supported in the middle by a support and connecting elements attached to the support.

With the present invention, the aim is, by using prefabricated elements, which may be more or less known individually, to be able to erect such prefabricated elements at the place of use without being dependent on manual labour, aiming to simplify assembly so that cutting to the correct length, readjustment and other otherwise necessary adaptation operations can be omitted and so that the erection of buildings can be carried out relatively easily by relatively untrained labour. One particularly aims to be able to ensure the setting of the elements by themselves in the intended grid system.

The solution 'according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the fields formed between columns and horizontal elements to accommodate walls show wall abutment surfaces in a common plane created by

a) the flange of the columns, or a flange in elements that form the support nodes of horizontal beams, is located between two horizontal beams, and b) a stop strip for a wall element is inserted in a gap between the two horizontal beams, and c) an end profile, with which the beams are adjustable in relation to the foundation and with a first part forms a deflected diversion edge, has a second part which, with the help of a <y> strip, forms abutment for a wall element, with d) column anchoring elements engaging with the column cores or . flanges, while e) a profile piece for connecting horizontal beams at a 90° angle is possibly attached to a column flange in the area for connecting horizontal beams and spans an angle of up to 30°.

With the help of the mentioned thin end orofil, it can be achieved that such profiles, as soon as they are placed in place in relation to the foundation, can ensure that the columns are adjusted by themselves now in place in exactly the intended position in the intended grid system and that hori- sont all elements. correspondingly also adjusted by itself in place in the grid system in the intended way, as the end profiles, columns and horizontal elements are, or will be, equipped with stops for an associated wall element.

With the help of the self-adjusting setting of columns and horizontal elements and the estimate that is simultaneously determined for wall elements, one achieves an opportunity to be able to transport prefabricated elements in a completely finished state to the place of use and to be able to put the elements together in the exact intended way, even with application of relatively inexperienced or unskilled labour.

Further features of the invention will be apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. la shows a schematic ground plan of the frame truss to

a building according to the invention.

Fig. 1b shows in lower perspective view the left corner of the ground plan in fig. let.

Fig, 2a shows a vertical section of the building.

Fig. 2b, 2c shows a perspective view of the end profile which is now the foundation. Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section through a wall with column connections.

Fig. 3a shows a drawing of a connecting rod.

Fig. 4a, 4b, 4c show horizontal sections through wall parts and accessories. Fig. 5a shows a horizontal section through a column with carrier connection in grids of 60° and 90°.

Fig. 5b, 5c show accessories for fig. 5a.

Pig. 6 shows part of a column view with a connection box.

Fig. 7, 8 respectively show a side view and a plan view from above of the column with anchoring.

Figures la and lb show schematic renderings of

a frame truss scratcher. Fig, la shows the ground plan of a right-angled building. The triangular grid of the frame framework becomes clear here, as the carriers or carrier pairs are denoted by 1, the columns by 2 and the support nodes by 2a. Profile pieces 44 for connecting the carrier between the column arms will be described in more detail. The part shown at the bottom left of the ground plan shows the arrangement of square footings in grids, which can be laid on the foundation or on the horizontal grid. Fig. 1b shows a perspective view of a frame truss corner of the columns 2 with the horizontal support pairs 1 for the roof structure and a support node 2a at a node in the support, which is not provided with a column. Fig. 2a shows a vertical section through the outer wall of a single-storey building according to the invention, seen from the roof to the foundation. The carrier pair 1 encloses on both sides a pillar arm of a pillar 2 and is screwed to this (compare fig. 3 and fig. 5a). Columns, carriers and support nodes are preferably made of aluminium. The gap which is located between the carrier pair corresponds in width to the thickness of the column arm and is denoted by 3. In the gap 3, a strip 4 is inserted which is preferably made of aluminium. This strip serves as the top stop for a glass pane 5 whose bottom stop is formed by the bent rear wall strip to a connection profile 6. A holding strip 7 holds the puttyed pane in the correct position.

The closing profile 6 consists of a lower plate 8, a tubular strip 9 and a stop 10. The free outward-facing end of the plate 8 is deflected downwards as a drainage edge. Further tasks for this final profile will be described in more detail.

Line A encloses a field which, in section, reproduces the vertical section through the column, showing the column anchorage. In the interior of the hollow column core 12, the anchoring 13 protrudes, which is releasably connected to the column core with screws 14. The anchorage 13 as in fig. 2a is shown in its simplest form, the end which is anchored in the foundation shows a barbed-like cleavage. An alternative anchoring is shown in figures 7 and 8, which show a side view and a plan view from above of the support column with anchoring. At the foot of the column 2, a flat iron 56 and 57 respectively is attached to each of two diametrically opposed legs 5^ and 55, which protrudes below the lower edge of the column. The flat irons and profile legs are provided with congruent holes for connection with screws not shown. The lower ends of the flat irons engage in a recess 58 in a concrete plinth 59 and are embedded in this and form the anchorage. In order to increase the anchoring effect, a bore has been arranged in the lowermost area of each of the flat irons and through this inserted round irons 60 and 61 which, when they are enclosed in concrete, give the flat irons a firm anchorage. Instead of columns with a hollow core, columns with a solid core could also be used.

The flat irons 56 and 57 immediately below the lower edge of the column 2 each have their own horizontal slot 62 and 63, respectively, which is open towards the center of the column. A foot plate 64 is pushed into the opposite slots, on which the column's two lower edges now rest and which is held in the slots. This plate 64 is square, the width of the narrow side being shorter than the distance between the ends in the slots in the flat iron, which is turned away from the center of the column. The length is chosen so that a piece protrudes beyond the outer circumference of the support column's 2 cross-section. The recess 58 in the concrete plinth 59, which can have any arbitrary extent and dimension, and the plate 64 are adapted to each other in such a way that the longitudinal side of the foot plate 64 is larger than the opening of the recess 58, so that the foot plate 64 when the support column 2 is inserted rests on the plinth 59 upper side.

Vents 15 in the wall of the column core serve for completion

of electrical wires that end in a junction box 16. The junction box 16 is fitted between two colliding profile legs 50, see fig. 6, in the open column profile and provided with electrical plug-in contacts 51, the supply lines being led forward either inside the column core 12 or hidden between the <p>profile legs 50. The connection box 16 is preferably designed so that its front side 53 goes flush with the front edges of the profile leg 50 between which it is fitted. The height of the junction box 16 and the number of sockets can be given freely. Preferably, the junction box extends down to the upper edge of the yellow-vet.

The outer carrier of carrier pair 1 is, for insulation reasons, filled with an insulating compound between its legs and closed with a cover plate 17.

The roof structure comprises corrugated sheets 18 which are laid on the horizontal supports 1 and protrude above the frame truss skeleton. A two-layer insulating layer 19 of plates is placed on these corrugated sheets which are arranged offset in relation to each other and which are surrounded by a frame 20, for example made of wood. On top of this insulation, in a manner known per se, a single roof covering 21 is laid, which lies in two layers at the sides. This roof covering is likewise coated with gravel in a known manner to make it heavier. Lists 23-

The fixing of the roof covering takes place by means of a holding strip 22 which engages between the two layers of the end. The top layer is drawn around the strip 22 and rests against the strip 23 - At distances corresponding to the carrier length, retaining pieces 24 are attached to the roof edge to which a roof edge cladding piece 25 is clamped, which is also preferably made of aluminium. The corrugated sheets are in the protruding area filled with insulation roll and the overhang covered with plates 26, preferably of asbestos cement, which are connected, for example screwed to the frame 20. The corrugated sheet 18 is particularly suitable for the passage of electrical cables which are then led through the cavity in the columns of the connection points, as shown in fig. 2a.

Reference number 27 denotes roof plates which are inserted into the triangular frames in the roof which are formed by the horizontal supports. Primarily, four roof panels in the form of equilateral triangles (hereinafter called partial triangles) are placed into a frame as shown schematically in the figure shown next to the frame. The three outermost triangles now rest the wearer's legs, while the middle plate is provided with flanges for connection to the outer ones. It is also possible to dimension the partial triangles so that the sides of the partial triangle that is geometrically similar to the triangular frame are somewhat shorter in dimension than half of the corresponding triangular side of the triangle to be covered, so that all four partial triangles rest against the carrier legs and the support of the middle sub-triangle now the sides only happen to prevent deflection of this sub-triangle.

In fig. 2b and 2c, the end profiles 6 are shown in perspective view. These end profiles serve to align the star-shaped columns 2 and form, when they are placed on the foundation, the corresponding assembly template for constructing the framework. The end profiles 6 have the same length as the horizontal supports and collide in the area near the column (see fig, 2b). The strip 9 which is designed as a square tube and which is placed on the sub-plates 8 is either cut out at its ends for engagement with the adjacent column parts or correspondingly removed from the sub-plate for contact with the column arms, the sub-plate being mitered. Due to the equal angular distance of the column arms from each other, the installation or the adjustment edge of the strip always has the same slant in relation to the longitudinal edge of the end profile. It thus fits regardless of the angle that the adjacent profiles enclose to each column arm. This angle to the end profiles is determined solely by the chamfering of the sub-plate at the construction site. Two abutting end profiles with abutment edges which correspond to the inclined position of the column arms and which are formed by removing the strip from the base, are reproduced in fig. 2c'. The installation or adjustment edge bears the reference number 11.

Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section through the wall according to fig.

1. As the prefabricated wall elements, especially when using a large grid with a support length of approximately 460 cm, do not have the width determined by the support length, rods 28 have been used for the structure to hold and connect the wall elements, such as the glass pane - 5 in fig. 3- These rods are not part of the load-bearing construction, but only a facade part connected to it. The rods consist of two U-shaped profiles 29 and 30, preferably of aluminium, which engage each other, between which for to prevent the formation of a cold bridge is embedded insulating material, preferably polyvinyl chloride. The insulating material simultaneously connects the two profile parts 29 and 30 to each other. In order to connect the rod to the frame framework and the wall parts, a projection 31 is arranged which protrudes on the side and at the upper end of the composite body. -These protrusions, which preferably extend over the length of the rod, run parallel to the wall elements. The upper end engages in the gap 3 between the carrier pairs 1, while the lower end is fixed in any way.

The parts 31 are redundant when the rod is attached to a column arm to connect wall elements and column. The rod without the forward<p>rings 31 is denoted by 28a. An insulation is arranged between the rods 28a and the columns 2. It has been shown that by using rods 28a and rods 28, a clear, simple construction of the wall elements is ensured. Fig. 3a shows a perspective view of the rod 28

with the protrusions 31 which engage in the slot 3 which is located between the carrier pairs 1.

At the top and bottom end of the column there are openings, for example 32, in the column core, to ventilate the column and prevent the formation of condensation in the inner pocket. Condensation then settles on the outer wall in the column's cavity. It is also proposed to arrange a heating element 46 of, for example, 75 watts in the outer column.

In fig. 3, the joint between the end profiles 6 is also visible. The joint between the profiles 6 is filled with a suitable mass 6a. In the case of a coaxial run between adjacent end profiles, the joint is located in the middle between two column arms.

Column 2 in the lower part of the figure shows the connection

of the horizontal carrier 1.

Fig. 4a, 4b and 4c show sections through the outer and inner walls

in the building. In fig. 4a it is in connection with fig. 3 shows the structure of an outer wall which consists of several layers. These are described by specifying the assembly sequence. First, a pressure plate 33 is placed from the outside with retaining strips on the column arm

respectively the plant-forming protrusions 31 to the innermost rod profile. Next, the arrangement of signposts 38 takes place which are placed at a distance determined by the retaining strips and which preferably consist of ridge stone and are likewise held by a normal retaining strip. Of course, durable plastic putty is used when installing the wall elements.

The plates 33 and 38 form the outer layer of the outer wall. The additional layers are placed from the inside. First, an insulating layer 34 is firmly inserted between the columns with the help of a spacer or holding parts 35 - On this insulating layer, plates 36 are fixed, preferably made of gin cardboard ("ginsonide") with the help of clamping strips 37 that fit into the holding parts 35 - The plates of plasterboard can now be wallpapered in the usual way. The reference number 40 denotes an optional insulation part. This wall construction allows dismantling at any time.

The construction of the inner wall (fig. 4b) differs from the construction of the outer wall only in that instead of the sign plate an inner wall plate is used, for example also plasterboard and to hold and connect the individual wall elements a vertical strip 39 that engages with the upper end in the carrier gap 3> and which are provided on both sides with spacers or holding parts 35-

Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c show on a larger scale in section the connection of the supports to a six-armed column. In this context, reference is made to the bottom column in fig. 3- The horizontal supports 1 are placed on both sides of the column arms 2a and screwed to this with a screw 41. A section through the screw location is shown in fig. 5c.

From this it appears that plastic sleeves 42 have been inserted between the screws and the parts to be connected, which compensate for the material expansion in carriers and columns during temperature changes without causing noise.

The horizontal supports are U-shaped (see fig. 5b) with chamfered legs at the ends, in order to be able to arrange supports at adjacent column arms that run at an angle of 60° in relation to each other. In the carrier pair 1, the already mentioned gap 3 is visible.

For connecting horizontal carriers at an angle of 90°, according to the invention, it is proposed to use an angular profile piece 43 which is connected to the column arms in the area where the carriers are connected, preferably with a screw connection. These profile pieces 43 have the same height as the carriers and consist of two legs 44 and 45 which enclose an angle of 30°, the tip of these legs in the transition area being so flattened that one, preferably the longest leg 45 runs in the middle between two column arms . Leg 45

serves to connect the carriers la and lb in the indicated manner.

The carriers 1, la and lb differ only in the design - of the leg ends. The legs of the support lb are more strongly chamfered than the legs of the support 1, while the legs of the support la are completely removed at the end and the chamfering first begins at the end of the leg 45 of the orophilic piece 43, so as not to obstruct the support 1 which is arranged on the adjacent column arm 2a.

The structure according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that it can be erected independently of the choice of floor plan of identical prefabricated parts, allows simple assembly and is completely demountable and can be erected in another place using the same parts.

Claims (14)

1. Buildings made of prefabricated elements, comprising hollow or massive columns which have a star-shaped cross-section and which along the edges one is equipped with radially directed flanges, on the opposite sides of which there are horizontal supports of roughly the same length to form triangular grids, as well as walls for the external delimitation of the building and for the internal division of the building, characterized by the fields formed between columns and horizontal elements with the exception of walls, wall abutment surfaces in a common pattern are formed by a) the flange of the columns (2) or a flange in elements that form the support nodes (2a) of the horizontal beams, located between two horizontal beams (1), and b) an abutment strip ( 4) for a wall element is inserted in a gap (3) between the two horizontal supports, and c) an end profile (6), with which the columns (2) are adjustable in relation to the foundation and with a first part (8) forms a deflected diversion edge , has another narti (9) which by means of a strip (10) forms abutment for a wall element, with d) column anchoring elements (13) engaging with the column (2) core or flanges, while e) a profile piece (43) for connecting horizontal carriers at a 90° angle is possibly attached to. a column flange in the area for connecting horizontal beams and beams over an angle of up to 30°. 2. Construction in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the columns (2) in a manner known per se have six corners and that the horizontal supports lie in a triangular grid. 3. Construction in accordance with claim 2, characterized by the fact that, in the case of a building with a perpendicular floor plan, the columns that are located there and on the columns that stand on the outer perimeter of the floor plan are arranged nrofil pieces (3) which enclose an angle with two legs reach 30°, in the area at the connection of the horizontal carrier pairs (1). 4. Construction in accordance with claim 3> characterized in that the tip of the angle "of the profile piece (43) is so flattened that one leg rests against an arm near the column (2) while the other runs in the middle between two arms. 5. Construction in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized by rods (29/28a) which serve as abutments on the column arms (2) and/or for engagement in the gap (3) formed between the beams of horizontal supports (1) , to hold or connect the outer wall elements (5, 333 34, 36, 38). 6. Construction in accordance with claim 53, characterized in that the rods (28/28a) are formed of two profiles (29,30) which have a U-shaped cross-section and which mesh into each other, the spaces between which are filled with insulating material. 7. Construction in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that the rods (28) are formed of two profiles (29, 30) with a U-shaped cross-section, which engage each other and whose spaces are filled with insulating material, one of <p >rofiles (30), preferably the intervening one, are provided with protrusions (31) which protrude on the side and at the upper end of the rod. 8. Construction in accordance with one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the inner wall elements (36, 33, 34, 36) are connected with spacers (35, 37) or connection parts which are arranged on both sides, over vertical strips (30 ) which engages in the slots in the carrier pairs (1). 9. Construction in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal supports have a U-profile and that per se familiar roof sheets (27) are taken up on the inside of the lowest leg of the horizontal supports in a triangular grid field, as the roof slabs consist of equilateral triangular slabs of which four are placed removable into the triangle field. 10. Construction in accordance with claim 9, characterized in that the triangular grid field within three horizontal supports (1) is divided by the four triangular plates into four congruent partial triangles, which are geometrically similar to the grid triangle, with the outermost triangular plates each resting with two edges reaching the legs of the horizontal carrier, while the innermost triangular plate has flanges along its edges with which it now rests on the free edges of the outermost triangular plates. 11. Construction in accordance with claims 1 and 9, characterized in that the legs of the cross-section U-shaped supports (1J la; lb) are bevelled at the end and/or completely removed over an extent that corresponds to the length of the column arms. 12. Construction in accordance with claim 1, with columns with a hollow core, characterized in that the cavity of the columns (2) is ventilated to the inside through openings (32) at the upper and lower ends of the column core. 13- Construction in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the end profiles (6) placed on the foundation are divided vertically into a part (8) from which a drainage edge is deflected and a part (9) with a protruding strip (10) ) which forms a connection for the wall elements (5, 33, 34, 36, 38) and that the lift (9) of the end profile (6) is either cut out to form an engagement with the corresponding column part or its end removed from the base plate (8) so that an abutment edge is formed with a correspondingly inclined front, as the base plate (8) is cut to an angle that fits the adjacent profile. 14. Construction in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that at the foot of the column (2) two fastening means (56, 57) are arranged which, on the opposite side, protrude below the lower edge of the column, as these fastening means each have a slot immediately below the lower edge of the column (62, 63) which is open towards the column axis, into which a foot plate (64) whose largest side length is greater than the opening to a recess (58) arranged in a concrete plinth (59) can be pushed into, into which the fixing means (56, 57) can be stoned in.