NO116692B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO116692B NO116692B NO157882A NO15788265A NO116692B NO 116692 B NO116692 B NO 116692B NO 157882 A NO157882 A NO 157882A NO 15788265 A NO15788265 A NO 15788265A NO 116692 B NO116692 B NO 116692B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- cathode
- metal
- titanium metal
- cell
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L titanium(ii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+2] ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 halogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/01—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to unsaturated polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR972895A FR1402109A (fr) | 1964-04-29 | 1964-04-29 | Résines polyènesters améliorées et leur fabrication |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO116692B true NO116692B (pt) | 1969-05-05 |
Family
ID=8829028
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO157882A NO116692B (pt) | 1964-04-29 | 1965-04-29 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3510447A (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE1569500A1 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES311079A1 (pt) |
| FR (1) | FR1402109A (pt) |
| GB (1) | GB1055343A (pt) |
| NL (2) | NL6503419A (pt) |
| NO (1) | NO116692B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3720540A (en) * | 1970-07-14 | 1973-03-13 | R Wimmer | Production of glass fiber-reinforced plastic articles |
| US20060257678A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Benson Olester Jr | Fiber reinforced optical films |
| US20060257679A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Benson Olester Jr | Polymeric optical body containing inorganic fibers |
| US20070153384A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Ouderkirk Andrew J | Reinforced reflective polarizer films |
| US20070237938A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reinforced Optical Films |
| US20080274293A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-11-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Spiral Multilayer Fibers |
| US20070236938A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured Composite Optical Films |
| US7327923B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-02-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Spiral multilayer fibers |
| US20070236939A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured Composite Optical Films |
| US7773834B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2010-08-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multilayer polarizing fibers and polarizers using same |
| US7599592B2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2009-10-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer fiber polarizers with aligned fibers |
| US20080057277A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer fiber polarizers |
| EP2411431B1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2014-10-01 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Resin composition |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2944994A (en) * | 1954-07-07 | 1960-07-12 | Robertson Co H H | Method of making transparent unsaturated polyester-styrene-glass fiber composition |
| US3225117A (en) * | 1962-06-15 | 1965-12-21 | Cincinnati Milling Machine Co | Weather-resistant plastics |
-
0
- NL NL128611D patent/NL128611C/xx active
-
1964
- 1964-04-29 FR FR972895A patent/FR1402109A/fr not_active Expired
-
1965
- 1965-03-03 DE DE19651569500 patent/DE1569500A1/de active Pending
- 1965-03-17 NL NL6503419A patent/NL6503419A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-27 ES ES0311079A patent/ES311079A1/es not_active Expired
- 1965-04-21 GB GB16868/65A patent/GB1055343A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-04-27 US US451333A patent/US3510447A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-04-29 NO NO157882A patent/NO116692B/no unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL128611C (pt) | |
| ES311079A1 (es) | 1965-07-01 |
| GB1055343A (en) | 1967-01-18 |
| FR1402109A (fr) | 1965-06-11 |
| NL6503419A (pt) | 1965-11-01 |
| US3510447A (en) | 1970-05-05 |
| DE1569500A1 (de) | 1969-08-14 |
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