NL2029635B1 - A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof - Google Patents
A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2029635B1 NL2029635B1 NL2029635A NL2029635A NL2029635B1 NL 2029635 B1 NL2029635 B1 NL 2029635B1 NL 2029635 A NL2029635 A NL 2029635A NL 2029635 A NL2029635 A NL 2029635A NL 2029635 B1 NL2029635 B1 NL 2029635B1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- ore
- mining
- layer
- roof
- stoping
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100345589 Mus musculus Mical1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/03—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor having protective means, e.g. shields, for preventing or impeding entry of loose material into the working space or support
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a top—cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof. The top—cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof described is a novel mining method in allusion to the fact that the mining room roof is 5 soft rock. After cutting the roof of the clay layer/aluminum soil layer of the soft rock, the roof is supported by anchor bolt net. The stoping is carried out by once in a way in which the ore pillar stoping and mining room stoping alternate. The ore pillar stoping is carried out by layer, with the upper working face 5m 10 ahead of the next working face, by which the upper bauxite, lower bauxite and bottom hematite can be effectively screened. As for mining room stoping, upward incise at the middle of the mining room first, then drill medium—length hole to blast and stope the ore body. The mining room at each level, after being stoped, is 15 filled with concrete, the lower layer is compacted by layer with bulldozers/vibrating compactor using relatively dry concrete, and the upper layer is filled with concrete with relatively large humidity. The filling method of compacting concrete by layer provided by the invention is easy to operate and cost saving, 20 meanwhile, the mining area filling process is stable and safe.
Description
P821/NLpd A TOP-CUTTING SUPPORT AND FILL STOPING FOR ORE BODIES WITH SOFT
TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to mining technology, especially a top- cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof.
BACKGROUND ART With the increasing social and economic development demand, the mining technology is also progressing and improving according- ly. The mining of mineral resources is gradually developing to the deep part of ore body, where the geological conditions are deteri- orated, broken rock mass increases, and ground stress increases, which brings a series of problems such as deep ground pressure in- crease, working environment deterioration, rapid increase of ven- tilation and production cost, etc., leading to the decline of min- ing production capacity and the inability to fully recover mineral resources. Therefore, when mining mine resources, whether the min- ing method is reasonable or not is directly related to the mining safety and economic benefits. Especially for unstable ore bodies with broken ore rocks for which the mining technical conditions are complex, the reasonable selection of mining methods has always been a major problem in the technical field of mining engineering.
SUMMARY Aiming at the problems in the room-and-pillar stoping that part of ore bodies in the soft rock roof of aluminum mine are left as the roof and the point-pillar supporting strength is not enough, the invention provides a top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof, which eliminates the risk that the soft rock roof may fall and increases the ore recov- ery rate. By replacing point-pillar with rib pillar, the stability of the whole mining area is improved, thereby the production ca- pacity of the mining area is increased. The filling system adopts the technology of compacting and pouring concrete by layer with bulldozers/vibrating compactor, which reduces the cost of laying filling pipeline and improves the strength of the goaf after fill- ing to some extent.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the inven- tion provides a top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bod- ies with soft rock roof, which comprises the following steps: Sl. Mining area division: the mining area is about 100m along the ore body trend, with the height being the ore body thickness (8m on average), each ore pillar 5m wide and the mining room 15m wide. The mining area is arranged by ore pillars and mining rooms alternately.
S2. Mining and development engineering: including upper and middle haulage roadway, loading chamber, filling ventilation road- way, extracted ore transfer roadway and upward incise; S3. Mining area stoping: the ore blocks are arranged verti- cally to the ore body trend, and consist of ore pillars and mining rooms which are alternated. The width of mining room is 12m-15m, that of ore pillar is 4m~bm, and the average height of mining room and ore pillar is 8m. Conduct pillar stoping first, picking the roof to break the clay layer/aluminum soil layer and supporting with anchor bolt net, with stoping by layer adopted and with the upper working face 5m ahead of the next working face. After the ore pillar is stoped, as for the mining room, the roof is cut first and then anchor bolt net is used for supporting; upward in- cise at the middle of the mining room, then medium-length hole blasting technology is adopted by layer for each level to conduct mining room stoping, thereby realize ore extraction by layer and so as to screen ores of different grades. The whole mining area is stoped in a way in which the ore pillar stoping and mining room stoping alternate, with the mining area stoping process including the working procedures of rock drilling and blasting, ventilation and ore extraction.
S4. Mining area filling: after each ore pillar-mining room is stoped, the filling material is transported to the finished prod- uct silo after being made by crushing and processing the gangue both above and under the shaft (particle size < mm) and mixed with cement and water and stirred. Filling process: a retaining wall is arranged at the extracted ore transfer roadway, transport the filling materials by special vehicle to the goaf, the lower layer of the goaf is compacted by layer with bulldozers/vibrating com- pactor using concrete, and the goaf is filled from its upper layer by adopting concrete pouring technology. The whole process in- cludes mining area cleaning, leveling, building retaining wall for filling, compacting and pouring concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. The thin soft rock on the roof is cut off, so that the risk of roof falling is avoided, and the recovery rate of ore is improved at the same time; 2. Replacing the post- pillar in the traditional room-and-pillar stoping with the rib pillar improves the stability of the mining area and also increas- es the production capacity of the mining area; 3. Blasting and mining by level is adopted, which avoids the mixing of ores of different grades and reduces the beneficiation cost; 4. When fill- ing the goaf, the concrete/gangue at the lower layer is compacted by layer using the existing equipment under the shaft, i.e. the bulldozers/vibrating compactor, and the goaf is filled from its upper layer by adopting concrete pouring technology, which reduces the cost of laying filling pipeline and improves the strength of the goaf after filling to some extent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is top view of the top-cutting support and fill stop- ing for ore bodies with soft rock roof provided by the invention. In FIG. 2, I is the filling profile, II is the mining room stoping profile, and III is the ore pillar stoping profile.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS The following will clearly and completely describe the tech- nical scheme of each embodiment of the invention in combination with the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the invention provides a top- cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof, which is characterized by the fact that the top-cutting sup-
port and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof adopts the mining method combining top-cutting, supporting and layered compaction and fill stoping, which comprises the following steps: Sl. Mining area division: the mining area is about 100m along the ore body trend, with the height being the ore body thickness (Bm on average), each ore pillar 5m wide and the mining room 15m wide. The mining area is arranged by ore pillars and mining rooms alternately.
S2. Mining and development engineering: including upper and middle haulage roadway, loading chamber, filling ventilation road- way, extracted ore transfer roadway and upward incise; S3. Mining area stoping: the ore blocks are arranged verti- cally to the ore body trend, and consist of ore pillars and mining rooms which are alternated. The width of mining room is 12m-15m, that of ore pillar is 4m~bm, and the average height of mining room and ore pillar is 8m. Conduct pillar stoping first, cutting off the clay layer of the roof and supporting with anchor bolt net, with stoping by layer adopted and with the upper working face 5m ahead of the next working face. After the ore pillar is stoped, as for the mining room, the roof is cut first and then anchor bolt net is used for supporting; upward incise at the middle of the mining room, then medium-length hole blasting technology is adopt- ed by layer for each level to conduct mining room stoping, thereby realize the purpose of ore extraction by layer. The whole mining area is stoped in a way in which the ore pillar stoping and mining room stoping alternate, with the mining area stoping process in- cluding the working procedures of rock drilling and blasting, ven- tilation and ore extraction.
S4. Mining area filling: after each ore pillar-mining room is stoped, the filling material is transported to the finished prod- uct silo after being made by crushing and processing the gangue both above and under the shaft (particle size < mm) and mixed with cement and water and stirred. Filling process: a retaining wall is arranged at the extracted ore transfer roadway, transport the filling materials by special vehicle to the goaf, the lower layer of the goaf is compacted by layer with bulldozers/vibrating com- pactor using concrete, and the goaf is filled from its upper layer by adopting concrete pouring technology. The whole process in- cludes mining area cleaning, leveling, building retaining wall for filling, compacting and pouring concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the 5 invention are as follows:
1. The invention provides a top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof, upward incising along the stable roof of the ore body in the middle of the mining room, picking and removing the unstable clay layer/aluminum soil layer, and supporting the roof, thereby ensuring the safety of the roof during mining;
2. The dilution rate of the ore is reduced {within 3%) and the ore recovery rate is increased (over 85%) as a result of early breaking of the unstable clay layer/aluminum soil layer; the blasting and mining is conducted by layer, which avoids the mixing of ores of different grades and reduces the beneficiation cost;
3. The cutting rcadways in the mining room and roof are all arranged along the stable roof of the ore body, and the unstable clay layer/aluminum soil layer is picked and removed, which pro- vides with the raw materials of gangues for filling (part of them might cause the increase of stockpiling);
4. The roof stability is increased, the filling process is optimized, and the raw materials for filling are partially provid- ed, thus greatly reducing the filling cost.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2029635A NL2029635B1 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2029635A NL2029635B1 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NL2029635A NL2029635A (en) | 2021-12-21 |
NL2029635B1 true NL2029635B1 (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NL2029635A NL2029635B1 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof |
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Families Citing this family (1)
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CN113236355B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2024-02-20 | 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 | Low-level grouting filling method for gangue slurry of coal face |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105587318B (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-25 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of method of mining by the way of filling of the parallel middle thickness orebody group continuous stoping of low-angle dip |
CN110656938B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-05-18 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness broken ore body |
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