NL2029635A - A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof - Google Patents

A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2029635A
NL2029635A NL2029635A NL2029635A NL2029635A NL 2029635 A NL2029635 A NL 2029635A NL 2029635 A NL2029635 A NL 2029635A NL 2029635 A NL2029635 A NL 2029635A NL 2029635 A NL2029635 A NL 2029635A
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
ore
mining
layer
roof
stoping
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NL2029635A
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Dutch (nl)
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NL2029635B1 (en
Inventor
Li Xulun
Pan Chao
Ma Zhenqian
Zhou Lang
Zuo Shaojie
Zheng Hanghang
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Univ Guizhou
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/03—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor having protective means, e.g. shields, for preventing or impeding entry of loose material into the working space or support
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a top—cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof. The top—cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof described is a novel mining method in allusion to the fact that the mining room roof is soft rock. After cutting the roof of the clay layer/aluminum soil layer of the soft rock, the roof is supported by anchor bolt net. The stoping is carried out by once in a way in which the ore pillar stoping and mining room stoping alternate. The ore pillar stoping is carried out by layer, with the upper working face 5m ahead of the next working face, by which the upper bauxite, lower bauxite and bottom hematite can be effectively screened. As for mining room stoping, upward incise at the middle of the mining room first, then drill medium—length hole to blast and stope the ore body. The mining room at each level, after being stoped, is filled with concrete, the lower layer is compacted by layer with bulldozers/vibrating compactor using relatively dry concrete, and the upper layer is filled with concrete with relatively large humidity. The filling method of compacting concrete by layer provided by the invention is easy to operate and cost saving, meanwhile, the mining area filling process is stable and safe.

Description

P821/NLpd A TOP-CUTTING SUPPORT AND FILL STOPING FOR ORE BODIES WITH SOFT
ROCK ROOF
TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to mining technology, especially a top- cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof.
BACKGROUND ART With the increasing social and economic development demand, the mining technology is also progressing and improving according- ly. The mining of mineral resources is gradually developing to the deep part of ore body, where the geological conditions are deteri- orated, broken rock mass increases, and ground stress increases, which brings a series of problems such as deep ground pressure in- crease, working environment deterioration, rapid increase of ven- tilation and production cost, etc., leading to the decline of min- ing production capacity and the inability to fully recover mineral resources. Therefore, when mining mine resources, whether the min- ing method is reasonable or not is directly related to the mining safety and economic benefits. Especially for unstable ore bodies with broken ore rocks for which the mining technical conditions are complex, the reasonable selection of mining methods has always been a major problem in the technical field of mining engineering.
SUMMARY Aiming at the problems in the room-and-pillar stoping that part of ore bodies in the soft rock roof of aluminum mine are left as the roof and the point-pillar supporting strength is not enough, the invention provides a top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof, which eliminates the risk that the soft rock roof may fall and increases the ore recov- ery rate. By replacing point-pillar with rib pillar, the stability of the whole mining area is improved, thereby the production ca- pacity of the mining area is increased. The filling system adopts the technology of compacting and pouring concrete by layer with bulldozers/vibrating compactor, which reduces the cost of laying filling pipeline and improves the strength of the goaf after fill- ing to some extent.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the inven- tion provides a top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bod- ies with soft rock roof, which comprises the following steps: Sl. Mining area division: the mining area is about 100m along the ore body trend, with the height being the ore body thickness (8m on average), each ore pillar 5m wide and the mining room 15m wide. The mining area is arranged by ore pillars and mining rooms alternately.
S2. Mining and development engineering: including upper and middle haulage roadway, loading chamber, filling ventilation road- way, extracted ore transfer roadway and upward incise; S3. Mining area stoping: the ore blocks are arranged verti- cally to the ore body trend, and consist of ore pillars and mining rooms which are alternated. The width of mining room is 12m-15m, that of ore pillar is 4m~bm, and the average height of mining room and ore pillar is 8m. Conduct pillar stoping first, picking the roof to break the clay layer/aluminum soil layer and supporting with anchor bolt net, with stoping by layer adopted and with the upper working face 5m ahead of the next working face. After the ore pillar is stoped, as for the mining room, the roof is cut first and then anchor bolt net is used for supporting; upward in- cise at the middle of the mining room, then medium-length hole blasting technology is adopted by layer for each level to conduct mining room stoping, thereby realize ore extraction by layer and so as to screen ores of different grades. The whole mining area is stoped in a way in which the ore pillar stoping and mining room stoping alternate, with the mining area stoping process including the working procedures of rock drilling and blasting, ventilation and ore extraction.
S4. Mining area filling: after each ore pillar-mining room is stoped, the filling material is transported to the finished prod- uct silo after being made by crushing and processing the gangue both above and under the shaft (particle size < mm) and mixed with cement and water and stirred. Filling process: a retaining wall is arranged at the extracted ore transfer roadway, transport the filling materials by special vehicle to the goaf, the lower layer of the goaf is compacted by layer with bulldozers/vibrating com- pactor using concrete, and the goaf is filled from its upper layer by adopting concrete pouring technology. The whole process in- cludes mining area cleaning, leveling, building retaining wall for filling, compacting and pouring concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. The thin soft rock on the roof is cut off, so that the risk of roof falling is avoided, and the recovery rate of ore is improved at the same time; 2. Replacing the post- pillar in the traditional room-and-pillar stoping with the rib pillar improves the stability of the mining area and also increas- es the production capacity of the mining area; 3. Blasting and mining by level is adopted, which avoids the mixing of ores of different grades and reduces the beneficiation cost; 4. When fill- ing the goaf, the concrete/gangue at the lower layer is compacted by layer using the existing equipment under the shaft, i.e. the bulldozers/vibrating compactor, and the goaf is filled from its upper layer by adopting concrete pouring technology, which reduces the cost of laying filling pipeline and improves the strength of the goaf after filling to some extent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is top view of the top-cutting support and fill stop- ing for ore bodies with soft rock roof provided by the invention. In FIG. 2, I is the filling profile, II is the mining room stoping profile, and III is the ore pillar stoping profile.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS The following will clearly and completely describe the tech- nical scheme of each embodiment of the invention in combination with the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the invention provides a top- cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof, which is characterized by the fact that the top-cutting sup-
port and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof adopts the mining method combining top-cutting, supporting and layered compaction and fill stoping, which comprises the following steps: Sl. Mining area division: the mining area is about 100m along the ore body trend, with the height being the ore body thickness (Bm on average), each ore pillar 5m wide and the mining room 15m wide. The mining area is arranged by ore pillars and mining rooms alternately.
S2. Mining and development engineering: including upper and middle haulage roadway, loading chamber, filling ventilation road- way, extracted ore transfer roadway and upward incise; S3. Mining area stoping: the ore blocks are arranged verti- cally to the ore body trend, and consist of ore pillars and mining rooms which are alternated. The width of mining room is 12m-15m, that of ore pillar is 4m~bm, and the average height of mining room and ore pillar is 8m. Conduct pillar stoping first, cutting off the clay layer of the roof and supporting with anchor bolt net, with stoping by layer adopted and with the upper working face 5m ahead of the next working face. After the ore pillar is stoped, as for the mining room, the roof is cut first and then anchor bolt net is used for supporting; upward incise at the middle of the mining room, then medium-length hole blasting technology is adopt- ed by layer for each level to conduct mining room stoping, thereby realize the purpose of ore extraction by layer. The whole mining area is stoped in a way in which the ore pillar stoping and mining room stoping alternate, with the mining area stoping process in- cluding the working procedures of rock drilling and blasting, ven- tilation and ore extraction.
S4. Mining area filling: after each ore pillar-mining room is stoped, the filling material is transported to the finished prod- uct silo after being made by crushing and processing the gangue both above and under the shaft (particle size < mm) and mixed with cement and water and stirred. Filling process: a retaining wall is arranged at the extracted ore transfer roadway, transport the filling materials by special vehicle to the goaf, the lower layer of the goaf is compacted by layer with bulldozers/vibrating com- pactor using concrete, and the goaf is filled from its upper layer by adopting concrete pouring technology. The whole process in- cludes mining area cleaning, leveling, building retaining wall for filling, compacting and pouring concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the 5 invention are as follows:
1. The invention provides a top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof, upward incising along the stable roof of the ore body in the middle of the mining room, picking and removing the unstable clay layer/aluminum soil layer, and supporting the roof, thereby ensuring the safety of the roof during mining;
2. The dilution rate of the ore is reduced {within 3%) and the ore recovery rate is increased (over 85%) as a result of early breaking of the unstable clay layer/aluminum soil layer; the blasting and mining is conducted by layer, which avoids the mixing of ores of different grades and reduces the beneficiation cost;
3. The cutting rcadways in the mining room and roof are all arranged along the stable roof of the ore body, and the unstable clay layer/aluminum soil layer is picked and removed, which pro- vides with the raw materials of gangues for filling (part of them might cause the increase of stockpiling);
4. The roof stability is increased, the filling process is optimized, and the raw materials for filling are partially provid- ed, thus greatly reducing the filling cost.

Claims (1)

© CONCLUSIES© CONCLUSIONS 1. Bovensnijondersteuning en opvulstop voor ertslichamen met een zacht rotsdak, die wordt gekenmerkt door het feit dat de bovensni- jJondersteuning en opvulstop voor ertslichamen met een zacht rotsdak de mijnbouwwerkwijze toepast die bovensnijden, onder- steunen en gelaagde verdichting en opvulstop combineert, die de volgende stappen omvat: Sl. Indeling mijnbouwgebied: het mijngebied is ongeveer 100 m vol- gens de trend van het ertslichaam, met als hoogte de dikte van het ertslichaam (gemiddeld 8 m), waarbij elke ertspilaar 5 m breed is en de mijnkamer 15 m breed is; waarbij het mijngebied afwisselend is gerangschikt door ertspilaren en mijnkamers.1. Overcut support and fill plug for soft rock roof ore bodies, which is characterized by the fact that the top cut support and fill plug for soft rock roof ore bodies adopts the mining method which combines top cutting, support and layer compaction and fill plug, which is as follows steps includes: Sl. Mining area layout: the mining area is about 100 m according to the ore body trend, the height being the thickness of the ore body (average 8 m), with each ore pillar being 5 m wide and the mining chamber being 15 m wide; where the mining area is alternately arranged by ore pillars and mining chambers. S2. Mijnbouw- en ontwikkelingstechniek: inclusief rijbaan voor bo- ven- en middentransport, laadkamer, vulventilatiebaan, weg voor het transport van geëxtraheerd erts en opwaartse incisie; S3. Mijnbouwgebied stoppen: de ertsblokken zijn verticaal gerang- schikt op de trend van het ertslichaam en bestaan afwisselend uit ertspilaren en mijnkamers; de breedte van de mijnkamer is 12 m ~ 15 m, die van de ertspilaar is 4 m ~ 5 m, en de gemiddelde hoogte van de mijnkamer en de ertspilaar is 8 m; het eerst uitvoeren van het stoppen van de pilaar, het plukken van het dak om de klei- laag/aluminium grondlaag te breken en het ondersteunen ervan met een ankerboutnet, waarbij het stoppen per laag wordt uitgevoerd en waarbij het bovenste werkvlak 5 m voor het volgende werkvlak is gelegen; waarbij nadat de ertspilaar is gestopt, zoals voor de mijnkamer, het eerst doorsnijden van het dak en het vervolgens ge- bruiken van een ankerboutnet voor ondersteuning; het opwaarts doorsnijden in het midden van de mijnkamer, waarbij dan per laag een technologie voor het opblazen van gaten van gemiddelde lengte wordt uitgevoerd voor elk niveau om het stoppen van de mijnkamer uit te voeren, waardoor ertsextractie per laag wordt gerealiseerd en ertsen van verschillende kwaliteiten kunnen worden gescreend; waarbij het hele mijngebied wordt gestopt op een manier waarbij het stoppen van de ertspilaar en het stoppen van de mijnkamer elkaar afwisselen, waarbij het stopproces van het mijngebied de werkprocedures van het boren en opblazen van rotsen, ventilatie en ertswinning omvat; S4. Vulling van mijngebied: nadat elke ertspilaar-mijnkamer is gestopt, het transporteren van het vulmateriaal naar de silo voor het afgewerkte product nadat het door breken is gemaakt en het verwerken van het ganggesteente uit zowel boven als onder de schacht te (deeltjesgrootte < mm) en vermengd met cement en water en geroerd; Vulproces: het aanbrengen van een keerwand op de weg voor transport van geëxtraheerd erts, het transporteren van de vulmaterialen met een speciaal voertuig naar de goaf, het per laag verdichten van de onderste laag van de goaf met bulldozers / vi- brerende compactor met behulp van beton, en het vullen van de goaf vanaf de bovenste laag door gebruik van betongiettechnologie; waarbij de hele werkwijze omvat het schoonmaken van het mijnbouwgebied, egalisering, het bouwen van keerwanden voor het vullen, verdichting en het gieten van beton.S2. Mining and development engineering: including top and middle conveying roadway, loading chamber, filling ventilation track, extracted ore conveying road and upward incision; S3. Stop mining area: The ore blocks are arranged vertically on the trend of the ore body and consist of ore pillars and mine chambers alternately; the width of the mining chamber is 12m~15m, that of the ore pillar is 4m~5m, and the average height of the mining chamber and the ore pillar is 8m; first performing the plugging of the pillar, plucking the roof to break the clay layer/aluminium base layer and supporting it with an anchor bolt net, doing the stopping by layer and leaving the top working surface 5 m for the next work surface is located; wherein after the ore pillar has been stopped, such as for the mine room, first cutting the roof and then using an anchor bolt net for support; cutting upward at the center of the mine chamber, then performing a medium-length hole inflation technology layer by layer for each level to perform mining chamber stopping, thereby realizing ore extraction by layer and ores of different grades can be screened; wherein the whole mining area is stopped in a manner where the ore pillar stop and the mine chamber stop alternate, wherein the mining area stop process includes the working procedures of rock drilling and blasting, ventilation and ore mining; S4. Mining Area Filling: After each ore pillar mining chamber is stopped, transporting the filling material to the finished product silo after breaking through and processing the gangue from both above and below the shaft (particle size < mm) and mixed with cement and water and stirred; Filling process: Putting a retaining wall on the road for transportation of extracted ore, transporting the filling materials with a special vehicle to the goaf, compacting the bottom layer of the goaf layer by layer with bulldozers / vibrating compactor using concrete, and filling the goaf from the top layer by using concrete casting technology; the whole process involves cleaning the mining area, leveling, building retaining walls for filling, compaction and pouring concrete.
NL2029635A 2021-11-04 2021-11-04 A top-cutting support and fill stoping for ore bodies with soft rock roof NL2029635B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113236355A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-10 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 Low-position grouting filling method for gangue slurry on coal face

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105587318B (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-25 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 A kind of method of mining by the way of filling of the parallel middle thickness orebody group continuous stoping of low-angle dip
CN110656938A (en) * 2019-08-19 2020-01-07 西北矿冶研究院 Subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness broken ore body

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105587318B (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-25 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 A kind of method of mining by the way of filling of the parallel middle thickness orebody group continuous stoping of low-angle dip
CN110656938A (en) * 2019-08-19 2020-01-07 西北矿冶研究院 Subsequent filling mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thickness broken ore body

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113236355A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-10 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 Low-position grouting filling method for gangue slurry on coal face

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