CN113153291A - Comprehensive mechanical continuous mining method for hydraulic fracturing of gently inclined hard rock - Google Patents
Comprehensive mechanical continuous mining method for hydraulic fracturing of gently inclined hard rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN113153291A CN113153291A CN202110459126.5A CN202110459126A CN113153291A CN 113153291 A CN113153291 A CN 113153291A CN 202110459126 A CN202110459126 A CN 202110459126A CN 113153291 A CN113153291 A CN 113153291A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/08—Devices with pistons, plungers, or the like, pressed locally against the wall of the borehole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
- E21F13/066—Scraper chain conveyors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention provides a hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for soft inclined hard rock. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gently inclined hard rock comprises the following steps: 1) determining the structural parameters of the ore blocks; 2) arranging mining and cutting projects and forming a mining working face; 3) arranging a fracturing bore in the mining face; 4) using hydraulic fracturing ore bodies in the fracturing holes; 5) adopting comprehensive mechanical recovery; 6) and filling the goaf. Compared with the prior art, the hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gently inclined hard rock is used for mining the hard rock, greatly reduces the mining and cutting engineering quantity, labor fixation and ventilation energy consumption, and improves the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for soft inclined hard rock.
Background
The non-coal mine gentle dip hard rock ore body is generally mined by a drilling and blasting method, such as an open stope mining method or a layered filling mining method, including a room-pillar method, a comprehensive method and the like, and mainly comprises the working procedures of drilling and rock drilling, charging, blasting, ventilating, ore removal, filling and the like, and the stope is small in structure size, long in cycle time, high in labor intensity and low in production capacity.
Because most of coal mines are produced in a slowly inclined layered mode, the comprehensive mechanized continuous mining process of the coal mines provides a new idea for the efficient mining of slowly inclined ore bodies in non-coal mine mountains. The comprehensive mechanical continuous mining can efficiently cooperate with matching equipment such as a mining machine, a scraper conveyor, a reversed loader, a hydraulic support and the like to realize continuous operation of working procedures such as ore falling, ore removal, support and the like, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the engineering quantity and the working personnel of a roadway are reduced. However, for non-coal gentle dip hard rock ore bodies, the mining machine has low cutting efficiency, quick cutting tooth abrasion, short replacement period and great discount on production efficiency and cost; meanwhile, the deposition of non-coal deposit is more complicated than that of coal mine, and the fluctuation of the bottom plate of the ore body is larger, so that the comprehensive mechanized continuous mining process is difficult to be applied to non-coal soft-inclined hard rock mine.
The existing mining methods are suitable for mining the gently inclined medium-thick ore body, but the mining methods are easy to cause ore loss and waste, explosive blasting vibration and smoke pollution are large, and particularly the mining efficiency is low in continuous mining of hard rock ore bodies.
In addition, the terms referred to herein are generally recognized by those skilled in the art as follows:
the trend of ore body is as follows: the direction of the intersection line of the ore body layer and the horizontal plane;
the inclination direction of the ore body: the direction on the layer of the ore body is vertical to the direction of the ore body;
slowly inclining the hard rock: the inclination angle of the ore body is gradually smaller than or equal to 30 degrees, the firmness coefficient f of the ore body is 5-10, and the thickness of the ore body is 2-6 m.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for gently inclined hard rock, which is mainly suitable for continuously and efficiently mining gently inclined sedimentary deposit with the consistency coefficient f of 5-10 and the thickness of 2-6 m of an ore body.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for gentle dip hard rock comprises the following steps:
1) determining the structural parameters of the ore blocks;
2) arranging mining and cutting projects and forming a mining working face;
3) arranging a fracturing bore in the mining face;
4) using hydraulic fracturing ore bodies in the fracturing holes;
5) adopting comprehensive mechanical recovery;
6) and filling the goaf.
In the scheme, the ore body hydraulic fracturing method is adopted, the hard rock ore body can be fractured and loosened, comprehensive mechanical stoping is adopted, the mining and cutting engineering quantity, the labor and the ventilation energy consumption are greatly reduced, and the continuous mining efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in the step 1), the length of the ore block is divided along the inclined direction of the ore body, the width of the ore block is divided along the trend of the ore body, and the thickness of the ore body is the thickness of the ore block.
Preferably, the length of the ore block is divided along the inclined direction of the ore body by 100-150 m, and the width of the ore block is divided along the trend of the ore body by 100-120 m; performing single-layer stoping when the thickness of the ore body is less than or equal to 2-3 m; and (3) carrying out layered stoping when the thickness of the ore body is larger than 2-3 m, carrying out layered stoping firstly and then filling a goaf after the stoping is finished, wherein the strength of a filling body is not lower than 1.0 Mpa.
Preferably, in the step 2), an air return roadway is arranged at the upper boundary of the ore block along the direction of the ore body; arranging a haulage roadway at the lower boundary of the ore block; the ore body is divided into a plurality of mining units by cutting up and cutting a gallery: the cutting upper mountain is arranged along the inclined direction of the ore body, the cutting drift is arranged along the trend of the ore body, and two ends of the cutting drift are communicated with the cutting upper mountain to form the mining working face for construction and pressurization fracturing of the fracturing hole; and the two ends of the cutting upper part are communicated with the air return roadway and the transportation roadway.
The return air roadway can be simultaneously used for a transportation roadway of the upper ore blocks; the haulage roadway can be used for the return air roadway of the lower ore blocks at the same time. The cross section of the return air tunnel and the transportation tunnel can meet the requirements of the size and the ventilation speed of mining equipment. The ore body is divided into a plurality of ore blocks through cutting and climbing and cutting drift, and the boundary of the ore body can be accurately controlled.
Preferably, in step 3), the cracking holes are processed on the mining working face along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the arrangement form of the cracking holes is determined according to the hardness of the ore body.
Preferably, when the hardness of the ore body is high, two rows of cracking holes are arranged on the mining working surface in a V shape, the row spacing is 1.0-1.5 m, and the hole spacing is 1.0-1.5 m; when the hardness of the ore body is small, a row of cracking holes are arranged in the center of the mining working face, the hole distance is 2-3 m, and the hole depth is 20-30 m.
Preferably, the construction of the fracturing holes in the step 3) is implemented by drilling in an up-down direction to enable the length of each fracturing hole to reach 40-60 m. The diameter of the drilled hole is determined according to the selected fracturing rod, and the diameter of the drilled hole is required to be 10-20 mm larger than that of the fracturing rod.
The cracking range is improved to the maximum extent, the stability of the ore body is effectively damaged, and the strength of the ore body is reduced.
Preferably, in the step 4), the ore body is cracked and loosened by adopting a hydraulic cracking rod: 5-10 adjacent holes crack from outside to inside at the same time each time. So as to ensure that the ore body between the adjacent holes is fully extruded, and cracks develop to destroy and loosen the ore body, thereby reducing the strength of the ore body.
And adjusting the working pressure P of the hydraulic fracturing rod according to the compressive strength fr of the ore body, wherein the P is more than or equal to (1.2-1.5) fr.
Parallel fracturing drill holes are arranged along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the hydraulic fracturing rod is adopted to perform collaborative fracturing on the ore body, so that the mechanical structure of hard rock can be damaged, and the strength of the hard rock can be reduced.
Preferably, in step 5), the integrated mechanized mining method is to arrange the mining working face along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the mining working face is propelled along the direction of the ore body.
The mining machine and the scraper conveyor are arranged along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the transfer conveyor, the crusher and the conveyor belt are arranged in the conveyor tunnel. The loose ore body is cut and fallen by a mining machine, and is conveyed to a crusher by a scraper conveyor and a reversed loader in a relay manner, the large ore is crushed until the lumpiness is less than 300mm, and then the large ore is conveyed to a main orepass by a conveying rubber belt. When the stability of the ore body top plate is better, the mining working surface can not be supported; when the stability of the ore body top plate is poor, the mining working face is supported by a hydraulic support or an anchor net.
Preferably, in step 6), the goaf needs to be processed in time as the mining working face advances: when the stability of the ore body top plate is good, the goaf can be filled by adopting tailings, a filling retaining wall is constructed along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the anchor rod is reinforced; when the stability of the ore body roof is poor, roof surrounding rocks can be caved by a natural caving method or a manual forced caving method, and the goaf is filled. And the filling pipeline enters the goaf from the return air roadway.
Along with the advancing of mining working face along ore body trend direction, collecting space needs in time to handle to guarantee mining safety and control overlying strata and remove.
Compared with the related technology, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, a hydraulic fracturing method is adopted to fracture and loosen a hard rock ore body, the stability of the ore body is damaged, the strength of the ore body is reduced, the requirement of efficient cutting and ore breaking of a mining machine is met, and the loss rate of ores is reduced;
the hydraulic fracturing rod belongs to a static fracturing device, is free of vibration, impact, noise and dust, high in working efficiency and simple and convenient to operate, and has the hydraulic fracturing strength of 120-160 Mpa;
thirdly, a comprehensive mechanical method is adopted for hard rock mining, the mining and cutting engineering quantity, the labor and personnel setting and the ventilation energy consumption are greatly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, a high-efficiency production mode of one mine and one working face and one set of equipment is realized, and the comprehensive production capacity of a stope reaches 1500-2000 t/d;
fourthly, the mining method is suitable for continuous and efficient mining of all gently inclined hard rock ore bodies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a mining method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the single row arrangement of the inventive fracturing holes on a mining face;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the double row "V" arrangement of the inventive fracturing holes on a mining face;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the fracturing bar of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-a haulage roadway; 2-return air tunnel; 3-mining working face; 4-cutting and climbing; 5-cutting a gallery; 6-a mining machine; 7-a scraper conveyor; 8-a reversed loader; 9-a crusher; 10-a transportation tape; 11-isolating retaining walls; 12-a mitogenic pore; 13-a goaf; 14-a fracturing rod; 15-ore body; 16-surrounding rock; 17-filling a pipeline, 141-oil cylinder, 142-piston and 143-oil pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
The mining scale of a certain mine is 60 ten thousand t/a, and an underground mining mode is adopted. The average dip angle of the ore body is 21 degrees, the average thickness is 2.4m, the strike length is 2000m, and the buried depth is 500 m. The ore types are mainly silicified sandstone and silicified limestone, and the average compressive strength is 72.05MPa, and the surrounding rocks of the top plate and the bottom plate are mainly limestone, and the average compressive strength is 61.57 MPa. The original design adopts a strip type open stope subsequent filling method for mining, a strip type stope is obliquely arranged along an ore body, the width of the stope is 10m, the height of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the length of the stope is 50m, 3 x 3m point columns are left in the stope, the distance between the point columns is 8m, a handheld YT-28 pneumatic rock drill is adopted for shallow hole drilling, 2JP-30 type scraper is adopted for ore removal, the comprehensive production capacity of the stope is 60-80 t/d, and the ore loss rate is 12%. Because the original mining method has the disadvantages of large mining and cutting engineering quantity, high labor intensity, low operation efficiency and small production capacity, 25-30 stopes are required to produce simultaneously to meet the capacity requirement. In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is creatively adopted, namely the hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gently inclined hard rock. The method comprises the steps of firstly dividing an ore body into a plurality of stoping units through a cutting upper run 4 and a cutting drift 5, accurately controlling the boundary of the ore body, arranging fracturing drill holes 12 in parallel along the inclination direction of the ore body, adopting a hydraulic fracturing rod 14 to perform collaborative fracturing on the ore body, destroying a hard rock mechanical structure, reducing the strength of the hard rock, then cutting and breaking loose ore body by a mining machine 6, conveying the ore to a middle section main draw shaft by matching with a scraper conveyor 7, a transfer conveyor 8, a crusher 9 and a conveying rubber belt 10, and processing a goaf through roof caving or tailing (cementing) filling to realize continuous and efficient mining of the gently inclined hard rock ore body. The method specifically comprises the following steps (as shown in figure 1):
and S1, determining the ore block structure parameters. The length of the ore block is divided by 120m along the inclination direction of the ore body, the width of the ore block is divided by 100m along the trend of the ore body, and the thickness of the ore block is 2.4 m.
And S2, arranging mining and cutting projects to form a mining working face. Arranging an air return roadway 2 at the upper boundary of the ore blocks along the direction of the ore body, wherein the roadway can be simultaneously used as a transportation roadway of the upper ore blocks; a conveyor tunnel 1 is arranged at the lower boundary of the ore block, and the tunnel can be simultaneously used as a return air tunnel of the lower ore block. The cutting uphill 4 is arranged along the inclined direction of the ore body, the distance between adjacent cutting uphill is 100m, the section of the cutting uphill is 2.0 multiplied by 2.0m, and two ends of the cutting uphill are communicated with the return air roadway 2 and the transportation roadway 1 and are used as access passages for personnel, materials and equipment. And arranging cutting drifts 5 along the trend of the ore body, wherein the distance between every two adjacent cutting drifts is 40-60 m, the section of each cutting drift is 2.0 multiplied by 2.0m, and two ends of each cutting drift are communicated with a cutting upper mountain 4 and are used as construction cracking holes 12 and mining working faces for pressure cracking in the holes.
And S3, arranging a fracturing hole on the mining working face. A row of crack-causing holes 12 are respectively arranged in the cutting drift 5, the transportation drift 1 and the return air drift 2 along the inclined direction of the ore body at the center of the section of the ore body. And determining the arrangement form of the cracking holes according to the hardness of the ore body.
When the hardness of the ore body is higher, two rows of cracking holes can be arranged in a V shape, the row spacing is 1.0-1.5 m, and the hole spacing is 1.0-1.5 m (as shown in fig. 3, the row spacing L2 is 1.0-1.5 m, and the hole spacing L3 is 1.0-1.5 m).
When the hardness of the ore body is relatively low, a row of cracking holes can be arranged in the center of the cross section of the ore body, and the hole spacing is 2-3 m (as shown in fig. 2, the row spacing L1 is 2-3 m, and the thickness T of the ore body is less than or equal to 3 m). In the present embodiment, the hole pitch is 3 m. The hole depth is 20m, and the length of each fracturing hole reaches 40 by up-down bidirectional drilling. The diameter of the drilled hole is 122mm, and the diameter of the fracturing rod 14 is 110 mm.
And S4, using hydraulic fracturing ore bodies in the fracturing holes. The ore body is cracked and loosened by adopting the hydraulic cracking rod 14. And the adjacent 8 holes are simultaneously cracked from outside to inside every time, so that the ore body between the adjacent holes is fully extruded, and cracks develop to destroy and loosen the ore body. The power source of the fracturing rod 14 adopts a hydraulic power station, the working pressure is 100Mpa, the hydraulic power station transmits hydraulic oil to the oil cavity through an oil pipe, the multi-head jack is driven to extend outwards to be in contact with an ore body, the ore body is gradually crushed by squeezing, and the strength of the ore body is reduced.
As shown in fig. 4, the fracturing bar 14 includes a cylinder 141, a plurality of pistons 142 arranged on the cylinder 141, an oil pipe 143 for injecting oil into the cylinder 141, and an oil return pipe (not shown) for returning the oil in the cylinder 141. When the fracturing oil feeder is used, the fracturing rod 14 is inserted into the fracturing hole, and when oil is fed, the piston 142 extends out, so that an ore body is fractured.
And S5, adopting comprehensive mechanized recovery. And a mining working face 3 is arranged along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the mining working face 3 is propelled along the direction of the trend of the ore body. The mining machine 6 and the scraper conveyor 7 are arranged in the direction of inclination of the ore body, and the transfer conveyor 8, the crusher 9 and the conveyor belt 10 are arranged in the middle conveyor lane 1. The loose ore body is cut and fallen by the mining machine 1, the cutting depth is 600mm, and the ore is fallen in a reciprocating mode along the mining working face. The cut ore is relayed and transported to a crusher 9 by a scraper conveyor 7 and a transfer conveyor 8, the large ore is crushed until the lumpiness is less than 300mm, and then the crushed ore is transported to a main draw shaft at the middle section of the ore body by a transportation rubber belt 10. And the mining working face 3 is locally supported by an anchor net.
And S6, filling the goaf. Along with the advancing of mining working face 3 along ore body trend direction, use the plank to construct isolation barricade 11 along ore body incline direction, adopt the stock to consolidate. The filling pipeline 17 is connected into the goaf 13 from the upper part return air roadway 2, and tailings are adopted according to the proportion of 1: 15 of lime-sand ratio to form a cemented filling body 18, and filling the ditch of the lower transportation roadway 1 into which the bleeding water flows.
By adopting the technical scheme, the production capacity of a certain mine stope can reach 60 ten thousand t/a, which is 30 times of the production capacity of the stope adopting the original strip-type open stope filling method, namely, the whole mine can meet the capacity requirement by only one mining working face. Meanwhile, the ore loss rate is less than or equal to 2 percent, which is reduced by 10 percent compared with the original mining method.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for gentle dip hard rock is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining the structural parameters of the ore blocks;
2) arranging a mining and cutting project to form a mining working surface;
3) arranging a fracturing bore in the mining face;
4) using hydraulic fracturing ore bodies in the fracturing holes;
5) adopting comprehensive mechanical recovery;
6) and filling the goaf.
2. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gently inclined hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 1), the length of the ore block is divided along the inclined direction of the ore body, the width of the ore block is divided along the trend of the ore body, and the thickness of the ore body is the thickness of the ore block.
3. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gently inclined hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that the length of the ore block is divided along the inclined direction of the ore body by 100-150 m, and the width of the ore block is divided along the direction of the ore body by 100-120 m; performing single-layer stoping when the thickness of the ore body is less than or equal to 2-3 m; and (3) carrying out layered stoping when the thickness of the ore body is larger than 2-3 m, carrying out layered stoping firstly and then filling a goaf after the stoping is finished, wherein the strength of a filling body is not lower than 1.0 Mpa.
4. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the soft inclined hard rock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the step 2), a return air roadway is arranged at the boundary of the ore block along the trend of the ore body; arranging a haulage roadway at the lower boundary of the ore block; the ore body is divided into a plurality of mining units by cutting up and cutting a gallery: the cutting upper mountain is arranged along the inclined direction of the ore body, the cutting drift is arranged along the trend of the ore body, and two ends of the cutting drift are communicated with the cutting upper mountain to form the mining working face for arranging construction cracking holes and in-hole pressurization cracking; and the two ends of the cutting upper part are communicated with the air return roadway and the transportation roadway.
5. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gentle dip hard rock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the step 3), fracturing holes are formed on the mining working face along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the arrangement form of the fracturing holes is determined according to the hardness of the ore body.
6. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the soft hard rock according to claim 5, characterized in that when the hardness of the ore body is high, two rows of fracturing holes are arranged on the mining working face in a V shape, the row spacing is 1.0-1.5 m, and the hole spacing is 1.0-1.5 m; when the hardness of the ore body is small, a row of cracking holes are arranged in the center of the mining working face, the hole distance is 2-3 m, and the hole depth is 20-30 m.
7. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the soft inclined hard rock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the construction of the fracturing holes in the step 3) is realized by drilling in an up-and-down direction to enable the length of each fracturing hole to reach 40-60 m.
8. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gentle dip hard rock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the step 4), a hydraulic fracturing rod is used for fracturing and loosening the ore body: 5-10 adjacent holes crack from outside to inside at the same time each time.
9. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the soft inclined hard rock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the step 5), the comprehensive mechanized mining method is to arrange the mining working face along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the mining working face is propelled along the trend direction of the ore body.
10. The hydraulic fracturing comprehensive mechanized continuous mining method for the gently inclined hard rock according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the step 6), the goaf needs to be processed in time with the advancing of a mining working face: when the stability of the ore body top plate is good, the goaf can be filled by adopting tailings, a filling retaining wall is constructed along the inclined direction of the ore body, and the anchor rod is reinforced; when the stability of the ore body roof is poor, roof surrounding rocks can be caved by a natural caving method or a manual forced caving method, and the goaf is filled.
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| CN114542073A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-05-27 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Hard rock mining method |
| CN114753844A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Hydraulic fracturing-mechanical cutting collaborative mining method based on stage open stope mining method |
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