NL2025304A - Cross tensile device with variable tensile ratio - Google Patents

Cross tensile device with variable tensile ratio Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2025304A
NL2025304A NL2025304A NL2025304A NL2025304A NL 2025304 A NL2025304 A NL 2025304A NL 2025304 A NL2025304 A NL 2025304A NL 2025304 A NL2025304 A NL 2025304A NL 2025304 A NL2025304 A NL 2025304A
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gear
axis
tensile
axis slide
main shaft
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NL2025304A
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Dutch (nl)
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NL2025304B1 (en
Inventor
Guo Ruichao
Xie Chuanmei
Ma Guoli
Zhang Xunli
Yao Tingli
Xie Zhenwei
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Univ Binzhou
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/16—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces applied through gearing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/04—Chucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
    • G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

A cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio of the present invention includes a bottom plate, a main shaft, an oil cylinder and four tensile fixtures. The 5 four tensile fixtures are respectively an upper tensile fixture, a lower tensile fixture, a left tensile fixture and a right tensile fixture; the upper tensile fixture is fixed to the main shaft; the lower tensile fixture is positioned below the upper tensile fixture; the left tensile fixture and the right tensile fixture are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the main shaft; and the main shaft drives the left tensile 10 fixture and the right tensile fixture through a first X axis driving mechanism and a second X axis driving mechanism to move, and drives the lower tensile fixture through a Y axis driving mechanism to move, so that the four tensile fixtures move outwards simultaneously to achieve a tensile test of a specimen. The cross tensile device of the present invention realizes outward cross tension for a to-be-tested 15 specimen. Meanwhile, the transmission ratios of the first X axis driving mechanism and the second X axis driving mechanism can be changed, so as to adjust the transverse tensile ratio and the vertical tensile ratio of the to-be-tested specimen, thereby satisfying the test needs of unidirectional tension, bidirectional tension and variable ratio tension for anisotropic specimens. The present invention has obvious 20 beneficial effects and is suitable for application and promotion.

Description

CROSS TENSILE DEVICE WITH VARIABLE TENSILE RATIO
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio, and more particularly, relates to a cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio, which is suitable for tensile tests and research for anisotropic plates.
BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION As one of the most common metal plastic processing technologies, sheet forming occupies an important position in the fields of automobiles, aerospace and home appliances. Automobile panels must be processed through multiple processes such as blanking, stretching, trimming, and flanging. In this process, the deformation behavior of the sheets will greatly affect the size and accuracy of the parts. Similarly, in the forming process of aircraft skin, the stress and strain state of the sheets also has an important influence on the rebound of the skin part. Therefore, how to accurately predict the stress and strain distribution and the generation of forming defects of cracking and rebound in the sheet forming process to better optimize the molds and the technologies has become a hotspot for scholars from different countries. In addition, with the continuous appearance of new material sheets, new part structures and new technologies, many new phenomena and rules need to be explored and studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for forming quality control. The study of the sheet forming process has the specificity. Because the sheets are subjected to repeated heat treatment during production, the sheets generally have certain deformation orientation and present obvious anisotropy, which significantly affects the plastic deformation behavior of the sheets.
Since the sheets are mainly formed by loading along different paths under in- plane bidirectional stress, some traditional experimental research methods are not suitable for researching anisotropic sheets due to their limitations. Although thin- walled tube tensile-inner expansion or tensile-torsion test can achieve different loading paths, due to the limitations of a thin-walled tube specimen, its shape and performance are different from the sheets in actual production. The research method is applicable to the research of isotropic materials only. Although basic tests such as unidirectional tensile tests, circular plate bulging and compression tests in the thickness direction, and their combinations can be used to research the anisotropic sheets, they can only reflect the deformation of feature points such as unidirectional tensile points, bidirectional tensile points and plane strain.
A bidirectional tensile test using a cross specimen is an experimental method developed in recent years to research the deformation behavior of the anisotropic sheets. This method controls the load or displacement of two axes to enable a central region to be in different stress and strain states, so as to obtain any yield point of a bidirectional tensile region under different loading paths. However, a commercial cross tensile device is very expensive and complicated, and is not suitable for research and development institutions with limited research funds. Another tensile device is fixedly installed on a universal testing machine or a pressure testing machine to provide a tensile force by the universal testing machine or the pressure testing machine to realize bidirectional tensioning of the specimen. However, this tensile test device can only achieve bidirectional constant tensioning or bidirectional constant-ratio tensioning, and cannot describe the deformation in an entire range from unidirectional tensioning to bidirectional constant tensioning, thereby hindering related research work.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION In order to overcome the disadvantages in the above technical problems, the present invention provides a cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio.
The cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio of the present invention includes a bottom plate, a main shaft, an oil cylinder and four tensile fixtures, wherein the main shaft and the four tensile fixtures are arranged on the same side of the bottom plate; the length direction of the main shaft is defined as a Y axis and a direction perpendicular to the main shaft is defined as an X axis; an output end of the oil cylinder is connected with the lower end of the main shaft to drive the main shaft to move; the four tensile fixtures clamp and fix a to-be-tested specimen, wherein the four tensile fixtures are respectively an upper tensile fixture, a lower tensile fixture, a left tensile fixture and a right tensile fixture, the upper tensile fixture is fixed to the main shaft; the lower tensile fixture is positioned below the upper tensile fixture; the left tensile fixture and the right tensile fixture are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the main shaft, the main shaft drives the left tensile fixture through a first X axis driving mechanism to move, drives the right tensile fixture through a second X axis driving mechanism to move, and drives the lower tensile fixture through a Y axis driving mechanism to move, so that the four tensile fixtures move outwards simultaneously to achieve a tensile test of the to-be-tested specimen; and the transmission ratios of the first X axis driving mechanism and the second X axis driving mechanism can be adjusted so as to adjust the vertical tensile ratio and the transverse tensile ratio of the to-be-tested specimen.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, the first X axis driving mechanism is composed of a first X axis slide rail, a first X axis slide block, a first gear, a third gear, a fifth gear and a seventh gear; the first X axis slide rail is fixed on the bottom plate along an X axis direction; the first X axis slide block is arranged on the first X axis slide rail; the left tensile fixture is fixed on the first X axis slide block; the first gear is rotatably fixed on the bottom plate; a rack engaged with the first gear is fixed on the side surface of the first X axis slide block; a first rack with tooth surfaces facing the left tensile fixture is fixed on the main shaft; the third gear is engaged with the first rack; the fifth gear and the third gear are fixed on the same rotating shaft; the seventh gear and the first gear are fixed on the same rotating shaft; and the fifth gear is engaged with the seventh gear.
The second X axis driving mechanism is composed of a second X axis slide rail, a second X axis slide block, a second gear, a fourth gear, a sixth gear and an eighth gear; the second X axis slide rail is fixed on the bottom plate along the X axis direction; the second X axis slide block is arranged on the second X axis slide rail; the right tensile fixture is fixed on the second X axis slide block; the second gear is rotatably fixed on the bottom plate; a rack engaged with the second gear is fixed on the side surface of the second X axis slide block; a second rack with tooth surfaces facing the right tensile fixture is fixed on the main shaft; the second gear is engaged with the second rack; the sixth gear and the fourth gear are fixed on the same rotating shaft; the eighth gear and the second gear are fixed on the same rotating shaft; the sixth gear is engaged with the eighth gear; and the fifth gear, the sixth gear, the seventh gear and the eighth gear are positioned on the other side of the bottom plate.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, the Y axis driving mechanism is composed of a first Y axis slide rail, a first Y axis slide block, a second Y axis slide rail, a second Y axis slide block, a ninth gear and atenth gear; the first Y axis slide rail and the second Y axis slide rail are respectively fixed on the bottom plate on both sides of the main shaft along a Y axis direction; the first Y axis slide block and the second Y axis slide block are respectively arranged on the first Y axis slide rail and the second Y axis slide rail; the lower tensile fixture is fixed on the first Y axis slide block and the second Y axis slide block through a connecting rod; a third rack and a fourth rack with tooth surfaces facing the first Y axis slide rail and the second Y axis slide rail are fixed on the main shaft; racks with tooth surfaces facing the main shaft are fixed on the first Y axis slide block and the second Y axis slide block; the ninth gear and the tenth gear are rotatably fixed on the bottom plate; the ninth gear is engaged with the third rack and the rack on the first Y axis slide block; and the tenth gear is engaged with the fourth rack and the rack on the second Y axis slide block.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, the fifth gear, the sixth gear, the seventh gear and the eighth gear can be removed and replaced to change the transmission ratios of the first X axis driving mechanism and the second X axis driving mechanism, so as to change the transverse tensile ratio and the vertical tensile ratio of the to-be-tested specimen by the four tensile fixtures.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, one or more guide wheels for guiding the main shaft are arranged on both sides of the main shaft; the cross section of the main shaft has a T shape; and the middle of the guide wheel is provided with a groove embedded through the T-shaped main shaft.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, each of the four tensile fixtures is composed of a U-shaped card, a pressing plate 5 and a rotating handle; the pressing plate is positioned in the U-shaped card; the rotating handle penetrates through the U-shaped card in a form of threaded fit and then is fixedly connected with the pressure plate; and the pressing plate is used to tighten the to-be-tested specimen in the U-shaped card.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, openings of the U-shaped cards of the left tensile fixture and the right tensile fixture face the main shaft, and openings of the U-shaped cards of the upper tensile fixture and the lower tensile fixture face each other.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, four corners of the bottom plate are provided with cup feet for supporting the entire cross tensile device.
In the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, the oil cylinder is fixed on the bottom plate through an oil cylinder fixing rack; and the oil cylinder is also provided with an oil cylinder bracket for supporting the oil cylinder.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects: in the cross tensile device with the variable tensile ratio in the present invention, the oil cylinder is used to drive the main shaft to move; the upper tensile fixture is fixed on the main shaft; the main shaft respectively drives the left tensile fixture and the right tensile fixture through the first X axis driving mechanism and the second X axis driving mechanism to move; and the main shaft drives the lower tensile fixture through the Y axis driving mechanism to move. In this way, after the to-be-tested specimen is fixed on the upper, lower, left, and right tensile fixtures, the process that the oil cylinder drives the main shaft to move can drive the upper, lower, left, and right tensile fixtures to move outwards, thereby realizing outward cross tension for the to-be-tested specimen. Meanwhile, the transmission ratios of the first X axis driving mechanism and the second X axis driving mechanism can be changed, so as to adjust the transverse tensile ratio and the vertical tensile ratio of the to-be-tested specimen, thereby satisfying the test needs of unidirectional tension, bidirectional tension and variable ratio tension for anisotropic specimens. The present invention has obvious beneficial effects and is suitable for application and promotion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a front view of a cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio in the present invention; Fig. 2 is a rear view of a cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio in the present invention; Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of a cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio in the present invention; and Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a tensile fixture in the present invention.
In the drawings: 1 bottom plate; 2 main shaft; 3 oil cylinder; 4 upper tensile fixture; 5 lower tensile fixture; 6 left tensile fixture; 7 right tensile fixture, 8 guide wheel; 9 first X axis slide rail; 10 first X axis slide block; 11 second X axis slide rail; 12 second X axis slide block; 13 first gear; 14 second gear; 15 first rack; 16 second rack; 17 third gear; 18 fourth gear; 19 fifth gear; 20 sixth gear; 21 seventh gear; 22 eighth gear; 23 first Y axis slide rail; 24 first Y axis slide block; 25 second Y axis slide rail; 26 second Y axis slide block; 27 third rack; 28 fourth rack; 29 ninth gear; 30 tenth gear; 31 oil cylinder fixing rack; 32 oil cylinder bracket; 33 cup foot; 34 U-shaped card; 35 pressing plate; and 36 rotating handle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention will be further described below in combination with the drawings and the embodiments.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively show the front view, the rear view and the three-dimensional diagram of a cross tensile device with a variable tensile ratio in the present invention. The shown cross tensile device is composed of a bottom plate
1, a main shaft 2, an oil cylinder 3, four fixtures, a first X axis driving mechanism, a second X axis driving mechanism and a Y axis driving mechanism. The four fixtures are an upper tensile fixture 4, a lower tensile fixture 5, a left tensile fixture 6 and a right tensile fixture 7; the bottom plate 1 plays the roles of fixing and supporting; and the main shaft 2, the four fixtures, the first X axis driving mechanism, the second X axis driving mechanism and the Y axis driving mechanism are arranged on the same side surface of the bottom plate 1. The main shaft 2 is arranged on the bottom plate 1 through a guide mechanism. The length direction of the main shaft 2 is defined as a Y axis and a direction perpendicular to the main shaft 2 is defined as an X axis. The oil cylinder 3 is used to drive the main shaft 2 to move, so as to realize cross tension for the to-be-tested specimen.
The upper tensile fixture 4 is fixed in the upper position of the main shaft 2; the lower tensile fixture 5 is positioned directly below the upper tensile fixture 4; the left tensile fixture 6 and the right tensile fixture 7 are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the main shaft; and the left tensile fixture 6 and the right tensile fixture 7 are positioned on the same straight line along the X axis. In this way, the upper tensile fixture 4, the lower tensile fixture 5, the left tensile fixture 6 and the right tensile fixture 7 can clamp the cross position of the to-be-tested specimen. The main shaft 2 drives the left tensile fixture 6 through the first X axis driving mechanism to move, drives the right tensile fixture 7 through the second X axis driving mechanism to move, and drives the lower tensile fixture 5 through the Y axis driving mechanism to move.
The first X axis driving mechanism, the second X axis driving mechanism and the Y axis driving mechanism shall satisfy: when the oil cylinder 3 drives the upper tensile fixture 4 through the main shaft 2 to move outwards, the first X axis driving mechanism shall drive the left tensile fixture 6 to move outwards, the second X axis driving mechanism shall drive the right tensile fixture 7 to move outwards and the Y axis driving mechanism shall drive the lower tensile fixture 5 to move downward to perform outward cross tension for the to-be-tested specimen. Meanwhile, in order to adjust the transverse tensile ratio and the vertical tensile ratio of the to-be-tested specimen, the transmission ratios of the first X axis driving mechanism and the second X axis driving mechanism are adjustable, so as to satisfy the test needs of unidirectional tension, bidirectional tension and variable ratio tension for the specimens.
The shown first X axis driving mechanism is composed of a first X axis slide rail 9, a first X axis slide block 10, a first gear 13, a third gear 17, a fifth gear 19 and a seventh gear 21; the first X axis slide rail 9 is fixed on the bottom plate 1 on the left side of the main shaft 2 along an X axis direction; the first X axis slide block 10 is arranged on the first X axis slide rail 9 to move along the length direction; and the left tensile fixture 6 is fixed on the first X axis slide block 10. The first gear 13 is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate 1; and a rack engaged with the first gear 13 is fixed on the side surface of the first X axis slide block 10, so that the first X axis slide block 10 can be driven to move in the rotation process of the first gear 13.
A first rack 15 with tooth surfaces facing the side of the first X axis slide rail 9 is fixed on the main shaft 2. The third gear 17 is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate 1 and is engaged with the first rack 15. The fifth gear 19 and the seventh gear 21 are positioned on the other side of the bottom plate 1. The fifth gear 19 and the third gear 17 are fixed on the same rotating shaft; the seventh gear 21 and the first gear 13 are fixed on the same rotating shaft, and the fifth gear 19 is engaged with the seventh gear 21, so that the left tensile fixture 6 moves with the main shaft 2.
In Fig. 1, when the oil cylinder 3 drives the main shaft 2 to move outwards, the first rack 15 drives the third gear 17 to rotate counterclockwise (looking inward perpendicularly to the paper direction, the same below), and the fifth gear 19 follows the third gear 17 to synchronously rotate counterclockwise. The fifth gear 19 drives the seventh gear 21 to rotate clockwise; the first gear 13 follows the seventh gear 21 to rotate clockwise; and the first gear 13 that rotates clockwise drives the first X axis slide block 10 and the left tensile fixture 6 jointly move outwards.
The shown second X axis driving mechanism is composed of a second X axis slide rail 11, a second X axis slide block 12, a second gear 14, a fourth gear 18, a sixth gear 20 and an eighth gear 22; the second X axis slide rail 11 is fixed on the bottom plate 1 on the right side of the main shaft 2 along the X axis direction; and the second X axis slide rail 11 and the first X axis slide rail 9 are positioned on the same straight line.
The second X axis slide block 12 is arranged on the second X axis slide rail 11; and the right tensile fixture 7 is fixed on the second X axis slide block 12. The second gear 14 is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate 1; and a rack engaged with the second gear 14 is fixed on the side surface of the second X axis slide block 12. A second rack 16 with tooth surfaces facing the side of the second X axis slide rail 11 is fixed on the main shaft 2; and the fourth gear 18 is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate 1 and is engaged with the second rack 16, so that the fourth gear 18 is driven to rotate in the motion process of the main shaft 2. The shown sixth gear 20 and the eighth gear 22 are positioned on the other side of the bottom plate 1. The sixth gear 20 and the fourth gear 18 are fixed on the same rotating shaft; the eighth gear 22 and the second gear 14 are fixed on the same rotating shaft, and the sixth gear 20 is engaged with the eighth gear 22, so that the right tensile fixture 7 moves with the main shaft 2. It can be concluded through the same analysis method as the first X axis driving mechanism that when the main shaft 2 drives the upper tensile fixture 4 to move outwards, the right tensile fixture also moves outwards.
The shown Y axis driving mechanism is composed of a first Y axis slide rail 23, afirstY axis slide block 24, a second Y axis slide rail 25, a second Y axis slide block 26, a ninth gear 29 and a tenth gear 30; the first Y axis slide rail 23 and the second Y axis slide rail 25 are respectively fixed on the bottom plate 1 on the left side and the right side of the main shaft 2 along a Y axis direction; and the first Y axis slide block 24 and the second Y axis slide block 26 are respectively arranged on the first Y axis slide rail 23 and the second Y axis slide rail 25 so that the slide blocks move on the slide rails.
A third rack 27 with tooth surfaces facing the first Y axis slide block 24 and a fourth rack 28 with tooth surfaces facing the second Y axis slide block 26 are fixed on the main shaft 2; and racks with tooth surfaces facing the main shaft 2 are fixed on the first Y axis slide block 24 and the second Y axis slide block 26. The ninth gear 29 is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate 1 between the first
Y axis slide block 24 and the main shaft 2; and the ninth gear 29 is engaged with the third rack 27 and the rack on the first Y axis slide block 24. The tenth gear 30 is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate 1 between the second Y axis slide block 26 and the main shaft 2, and the tenth gear 30 is engaged with the fourth rack 28 and the rack on the second Y axis slide block 26. The lower tensile fixture 5 is fixed on the first Y axis slide block 24 and the second Y axis slide block 26 through a connecting rod, so that the lower tensile fixture 5 moves with the main shaft 2. In Fig. 1, when the oil cylinder 3 drives the main shaft 2 to move upward (i.e, drives the upper tensile fixture 4 to move outward), the third rack 27 drives the ninth gear 29 to rotate counterclockwise, and the fourth rack 28 drives the tenth gear 30 to rotate clockwise. The ninth gear 29 that rotates counterclockwise drives the first Y axis slide block 24 to move down, and the tenth gear 30 that rotates clockwise drives the second Y axis slide block 26 to move down, thereby driving the lower tensile fixture 5 to move down, i.e., to move outwards.
it can be known from the above analysis that, after the to-be-tested specimen is fixed on the four fixtures, in the process that the oil cylinder 3 drives the upper tensile fixture 4 to move outwards through the main shaft 2, the lower tensile fixture 5, the left tensile fixture 6 and the right tensile fixture 7 are driven to move outwards, thereby realizing a cross tensile test for the specimen. When the specimen is clamped by the upper tensile fixture 4 and the lower tensile fixture 5 only, or the specimen is clamped by the left tensile fixture 6 and the right tensile fixture 7 only, a unidirectional tensile test for the specimen can be realized.
Meanwhile, in the process of the tensile test of the specimen, the transverse tensile ratio and the vertical tensile ratio of the specimen may be required to be different, which is achieved by replacing the fifth gear 19, the sixth gear 20, the seventh gear 21 and the eighth gear 22. The transverse tensile ratio and the vertical tensile ratio of the specimen can be changed by changing the transmission ratio between the fifth gear 19 and the seventh gear 21 and the transmission ratio between the sixth gear 20 and the eighth gear 22.
The shown guide mechanism of the main shaft 2 is composed of four guide wheels 8. The cross section of the main shaft 2 has a T shape; two guide wheels 8 are respectively arranged on both sides of the main shaft 2; and the middle of the guide wheels 8 is provided with a groove.
The outer side of the main shaft 2 is embedded in the groove to realize the guide and limit for the main shaft 2. The shown bottom plate 1 is provided with an oil cylinder fixing rack 31 for fixing the oil cylinder 3; and the oil cylinder 3 is also provided with an oil cylinder bracket 32. Four corners of the bottom plate 1 on the side of a large gear are provided with cup feet 33. Fig. 4 shows a structural schematic diagram of a tensile fixture in the present invention.
The shown tensile fixture is composed of a U-shaped card 34, a pressing plate 35 and a rotating handle 36. An opening of the U-shaped card 34 is used to clamp the specimen.
The pressing plate 35 realizes pressing of the specimen.
The rotating handle 36 penetrates through the U-shaped card 34 in a form of threaded fit and then is fixed with the pressure plate 35, so as to press the placed specimen through the rotating handle 36.

Claims (9)

ConclusiesConclusions 1. Een biaxiale trekinrichting met een variabele trekverhouding, omvattende een bodemplaat (1), een hoofdas {2}, een oliecilinder (3) en vier trekbevestigingen, waarbij de hoofdas en de vier trekbevestigingen aan dezelfde zijde van de bodemplaat zijn aangebracht; de lengterichting van de hoofdas is gedefinieerd als een Y-as en een richting loodrecht op de hoofdas is gedefinieerd als een X-as; een uitgangsuiteinde van de oliecilinder is verbonden met het onderste uiteinde van de hoofdas om de hoofdas te bewegen; de vier trekbevestigingen klemmen en fixeren eente testen monster, waarbij de vier trekbevestigingen respectievelijk een bovenste trekbevestiging (4), een onderste trekbevestiging (5), een linker trekbevestiging (6) en een rechter trekbevestiging zijn (7); de bovenste trekbevestiging is bevestigd aan de hoofdas; de onderste trekbevestiging is gepositioneerd onder de bovenste trekbevestiging; de linker en rechter trekbevestiging zijn respectievelijk gepositioneerd op de linker en rechter zijde van de hoofdas; de hoofdas drijft de linker trekbevestiging aan door een eerste X-as aandrijfmechanisme, drijft de rechter trekbevestiging aan door een tweede X-as aandrijfmechanisme, en drijft de onderste trekbevestiging aan door een Y-as aandrijfmechanisme, zodanig dat de vier trekbevestigingen simultaan uitwaarts bewegen zodat een trektest van een te testen monster wordt bereikt; en de overbrengingsverhoudingen van het eerste en tweede X-as aandrijfmechanisme kunnen worden aangepast om de verticale trekverhouding en de transversale trekverhouding van het te testen monster aan te passen.A biaxial towing device with a variable draw ratio, comprising a bottom plate (1), a main shaft {2}, an oil cylinder (3) and four pull attachments, the main shaft and the four pull attachments being arranged on the same side of the bottom plate; the longitudinal direction of the major axis is defined as a Y axis and a direction perpendicular to the major axis is defined as an X axis; an output end of the oil cylinder is connected to the lower end of the main shaft to move the main shaft; the four pull fasteners clamp and fix a sample to be tested, the four pull fasteners being respectively an upper pull fastener (4), a lower pull fastener (5), a left pull fastener (6) and a right pull fastener (7); the top pull attachment is attached to the main shaft; the lower pull attachment is positioned below the top pull attachment; the left and right pull attachment are respectively positioned on the left and right side of the main shaft; the main shaft drives the left drawbar by a first X-axis drive mechanism, drives the right-hand drawbar by a second X-axis drive mechanism, and drives the lower drawbar by a Y-axis drive mechanism, such that the four pullers move outward simultaneously so that a tensile test of a sample to be tested is achieved; and the gear ratios of the first and second X-axis drive mechanisms can be adjusted to adjust the vertical draw ratio and the transverse draw ratio of the sample under test. 2. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het eerste X-as aandrijfmechanisme is samengesteld uit een eerste X-as schuifrail (9), een eerste X-as schuifblok (10), een eerste tandwiel (13), een derde tandwiel (17), een vijfde tandwiel (19) en een zevende tandwiel (21); de eerste X-as schuifrail is bevestigd op de bodemplaat (1) in een X-as richting; het eerste X-as schuifblok is bevestigd op de eerste X-as schuifrail, de linker trekbevestiging (6) is bevestigd op het eerste X-as schuifblok; het eerste tandwiel is roteerbaar bevestigd op de bodemplaat; een tandheugel die met het eerste tandwiel aangrijpt is bevestigd op het zijopperviak van het eerste X-as schuifblok; een eerste tandheugel (15) met een tandoppervlakken gericht naar de linker trekbevestiging is bevestigd op de hoofdas (2); het derde tandwiel grijpt met de eerste tandheugel aan; het vijfde tandwiel en het derde tandwiel zijn bevestigd op dezelfde roteerbare as; het zevende tandwiel en het eerste tandwiel zijn bevestigd op dezelfde roteerbare as; het vijfde tandwiel grijpt aan met het zevende tandwiel; het tweede X-as aandrijfmechanisme is samengesteld uit een tweede X-as schuifrail (11), een tweede X-as schuifblok (12), een tweede tandwiel (14), een vierde tandwiel (18), een zesde tandwiel (20) en een achtste tandwiel (22); de tweede X-as schuifrail is bevestigd op de bodemplaat (1) in een X-as richting, het tweede X-as schuifblok is bevestigd op de tweede X-as schuifrail, de rechter trekbevestiging (7) is bevestigd op het tweede X-as schuifblok; het tweede tandwiel is roteerbaar bevestigd op de bodemplaat; een tandheugel die met het tweede tandwiel aangrijpt is bevestigd op het zijoppervlak van het tweede X-as schuifblok; een tweede tandheugel (16) met een tandoppervlakken gericht naar de rechter trekbevestiging is bevestigd op de hoofdas (2); het tweede tandwiel grijpt met de tweede tandheugel aan; het zesde tandwiel en het vierde tandwiel zijn bevestigd op dezelfde roteerbare as, het achtste tandwiel en het tweede tandwiel zijn bevestigd op dezelfde roteerbare as; het zesde tandwiel grijpt aan met het achtste tandwiel; en het vijfde tandwiel, het zesde tandwiel, het zevende tandwiel en het achtste tandwiel zijn bevestigd op de andere zijde van de bodemplaat (1).The variable draw ratio biaxial traction device according to claim 1, wherein the first X-axis drive mechanism is composed of a first X-axis slide rail (9), a first X-axis slide block (10), a first gear (13), a third gear (17), fifth gear (19) and seventh gear (21); the first X-axis sliding rail is mounted on the bottom plate (1) in an X-axis direction; the first X-axis slide block is mounted on the first X-axis slide rail, the left pull mount (6) is mounted on the first X-axis slide block; the first gear is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate; a rack engaging the first gear is mounted on the side surface of the first X-axis slide block; a first rack (15) with tooth surfaces facing the left pivot mount is mounted on the main shaft (2); the third gear engages with the first gear rack; the fifth gear and the third gear are mounted on the same rotatable shaft; the seventh gear and the first gear are mounted on the same rotatable shaft; the fifth gear engages with the seventh gear; the second X-axis drive mechanism is composed of a second X-axis slide rail (11), a second X-axis slide block (12), a second gear (14), a fourth gear (18), a sixth gear (20), and an eighth gear (22); the second X-axis slide rail is fixed on the bottom plate (1) in an X-axis direction, the second X-axis slide block is fixed on the second X-axis slide rail, the right pull mount (7) is fixed on the second X- shaft sliding block; the second gear is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate; a rack engaging the second gear is mounted on the side surface of the second X-axis slide block; a second rack (16) with tooth surfaces facing the right-hand pusher is mounted on the main shaft (2); the second gear engages with the second gear rack; the sixth gear and the fourth gear are mounted on the same rotatable shaft, the eighth gear and the second gear are mounted on the same rotatable shaft; the sixth gear engages with the eighth gear; and the fifth gear, sixth gear, seventh gear and eighth gear are mounted on the other side of the bottom plate (1). 3. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij het Y-as aandrijfmechanisme is samengesteld uit een eerste Y-as schuifrail (23), een eerste Y-as schuifblok (24), een tweede Y-as schuifrail (25), een tweede Y- as schuifblok (26), een negende tandwiel (29) een tiende tandwiel (30); de eerste Y- as schuifrail en de tweede Y-as schuifrail zijn bevestigd op de bodemplaat aan beide zijdes van de hoofdas (2) in een Y-as richting; het eerste Y-as schuifblok en het tweede Y-as schuifblok zijn respectievelijk bevestigd op de eerste Y-as schuifrail en de tweede Y-as schuifrail, de onderste trekbevestiging (5) is onder tussenkomst van een verbindingsstang bevestigd op het eerste Y-as schuifblok en het tweede Y-as schuifblok; een derde tandheugel (27) en een vierde tandheugel (28) met tandoppervlakken gericht naar de eerste Y-as schuifrail en de tweede Y-as schuifrail zijn bevestigd op de hoofdas, tandheugels met tandoppervlaktes gericht naar de hoofdas zijn bevestigd op het eerste Y-as schuifblok en het tweede Y-as schuifblok; het negende tandwiel en het tiende tandwiel zijn roteerbaar bevestigd op de bodemplaat; het negende tandwiel grijpt aan het de derde tandheugel en met de tandheugel op het eerste Y-as schuifblok; en het tiende tandwiel grijpt aan met de vierde tandheugel en de tandheugel op het tweede Y-as schuifblok.The variable draw ratio biaxial traction device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Y-axis drive mechanism is composed of a first Y-axis slide rail (23), a first Y-axis slide block (24), a second Y-axis slide rail ( 25), a second Y-axis slide block (26), a ninth gear (29) and a tenth gear (30); the first Y-axis slide rail and the second Y-axis slide rail are mounted on the bottom plate on both sides of the main axis (2) in a Y-axis direction; the first Y-axis slide block and the second Y-axis slide block are respectively fixed on the first Y-axis slide rail and the second Y-axis slide rail, the lower pull fastener (5) is fixed on the first Y-axis through a connecting rod sliding block and the second Y-axis sliding block; a third rack (27) and a fourth rack (28) with tooth surfaces facing the first Y-axis slide rail and the second Y-axis slide rail are mounted on the main shaft, racks with tooth surfaces facing the main shaft are mounted on the first Y-axis axis sliding block and the second Y axis sliding block; the ninth gear and the tenth gear are rotatably mounted on the bottom plate; the ninth gear meshes with the third rack and with the rack on the first Y-axis sliding block; and the tenth gear meshes with the fourth rack and pinion on the second Y-axis slide block. 4. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 2, waarbij het vijfde tandwiel (19), het zesde tandwiel (20), het zevende tandwiel (21) en het achtste tandwiel (22) verwijderbaar en vervangbaar zijn om de overbrengingsverhoudingen van het eerste X-as aandrijfmechanisme en het tweede X-as aandrijfmechanisme aan te passen, om de transversale trekverhouding en de verticale trekverhouding van het te testen monster door de vier trekbevestigingen te veranderen.The variable draw ratio biaxial traction device according to claim 2, wherein the fifth gear (19), the sixth gear (20), the seventh gear (21) and the eighth gear (22) are removable and replaceable to match the gear ratios of the first gear. X-axis drive mechanism and the second X-axis drive mechanism to change the transverse draw ratio and the vertical draw ratio of the sample under test by the four draw fixings. 5. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij een of meerdere geleidingswielen (8) voor het geleiden van de hoofdas (2) aan weerszijde van de hoofdas zijn bevestigd; de dwarsdoorsnede van de hoofdas T-vormig is; en het midden van het geleidingswiel is voorzien van een groef ingebed door de T-vormige hoofdas.The variable draw ratio biaxial traction device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one or more guide wheels (8) for guiding the main shaft (2) are mounted on either side of the main shaft; the cross section of the major axis is T-shaped; and the center of the guide wheel has a groove embedded by the T-shaped main shaft. 6. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij elk van de vier trekbevestigingen zijn samengesteld uit een U-vormige kaart (34), een drukplaat (35) en een roteerbare hendel (36); de drukkende plaat is gepositioneerd in de U-vormige kaart; de roteerbare hendel dringt, in de vorm van een schroefdraadpassing, door de U-vormige kaart en wordt vast verbonden met de drukplaat; en de drukplaat wordt gebruikt om het te testen monster in de U-vormige kaart vast te zetten.The variable draw ratio biaxial puller according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the four pull attachments is composed of a U-shaped card (34), a pressure plate (35) and a rotatable handle (36); the printing plate is positioned in the U-shaped card; the rotatable handle penetrates, in the form of a threaded fit, through the U-shaped card and is rigidly connected to the pressure plate; and the pressure plate is used to fix the sample to be tested in the U-shaped card. 7. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 6, waarbij de openingen van de U-vormige kaarten van de linker trekbevestiging (6) en de rechter trekbevestiging (7) naar de hoofdas (2) zijn gekeerd, en de openingen van de U-vormige kaarten van de bovenste trekbevestiging (4) en de onderste trekbevestiging (5) naar elkaar toe zijn gekeerd.The variable draw ratio biaxial puller according to claim 6, wherein the openings of the U-shaped cards of the left pull fixture (6) and the right pull fixture (7) face the main axis (2), and the openings of the U -shaped cards of the upper pull attachment (4) and the lower pull attachment (5) face each other. 8. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij de vier hoeken van de bodemplaat (1) zijn voorzien van voeten (33) voor het ondersteunen van de gehele biaxiale trekinrichting.The variable draw ratio biaxial puller according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the four corners of the bottom plate (1) are provided with feet (33) for supporting the entire biaxial puller. 9. De biaxiale trekinrichting met variabele trekverhouding volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij de oliecilinder (3) onder tussenkomst van een fixeerrek (31) is bevestigd op de bodemplaat (1); en de oliecilinder tevens is voorzien van een oliecilinderbevestigingselement (32) voor het ondersteunen van de oliecilinder.The variable draw ratio biaxial pulling device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oil cylinder (3) is mounted on the bottom plate (1) through a fixing rack (31); and the oil cylinder also includes an oil cylinder mounting element (32) for supporting the oil cylinder.
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US20090282929A1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2009-11-19 Fadi Abu-Farha Uniaxially-driven controlled biaxial testing fixture
CN108037017A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-05-15 大连理工大学 A kind of lead screw gear formula plate control with changed scale loading based on servomotor is double to draw pilot system
CN108896390A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-11-27 北京航空航天大学 A kind of minute yardstick double-shaft two-way loading tester

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CN108037017A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-05-15 大连理工大学 A kind of lead screw gear formula plate control with changed scale loading based on servomotor is double to draw pilot system
CN108896390A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-11-27 北京航空航天大学 A kind of minute yardstick double-shaft two-way loading tester

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