MD973Z - Process for treating vineyard against weeds - Google Patents
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- MD973Z MD973Z MDS20150104A MDS20150104A MD973Z MD 973 Z MD973 Z MD 973Z MD S20150104 A MDS20150104 A MD S20150104A MD S20150104 A MDS20150104 A MD S20150104A MD 973 Z MD973 Z MD 973Z
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- herbicide
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- roundup
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000005562 Glyphosate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940097068 glyphosate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000589776 Pseudomonas putida Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910017897 NH4 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009329 organic farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la agricultură, şi anume la un procedeu de tratare a plantaţiei de viţă-de-vie împotriva buruienilor.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, prevede tratarea buruienilor cu înălţimea de 7…10 cm cu o soluţie apoasă de erbicid, ce conţine 1,44…1,60 g/L glifosat şi un adaos de suspensie de bacterii ale tulpinilor Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 şi Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-06 luate în raport de 1:1 cu un titru de 107 CFU/mL, în cantitate de 3,0 mL la 1L soluţie, totodată tratarea se efectuează cu un consum total de 450…500 L/ha, reieşind din consumul glifosatului de 720 g/ha.Rezultatul constă în menţinerea capacităţii de nitrificare a solului şi reducerea cantităţii de erbicid utilizat.The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a process for treating the vine plantation against weeds. The process according to the invention provides for the treatment of weeds 7 to 10 cm high with an aqueous herbicide solution, containing 1, 44 ... 1.60 g / L glyphosate and an addition of bacterial suspension of Pseudomonas stems putrid CNMN-PsB-06 and Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-06 taken at a ratio of 1: 1 with a titer of 107 CFU / mL, in amount of 3.0 mL in 1L solution, at the same time the treatment is carried out with a total consumption of 450 ... 500 L / ha, resulting from the consumption of glyphosate of 720 g / ha. The result is to maintain the nitrification capacity of the soil and reduce the amount of herbicide used.
Description
Invenţia se referă la agricultură, şi anume la un procedeu de tratare a plantaţiei de viţă-de-vie împotriva buruienilor. The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a method of treating a vineyard plantation against weeds.
Invenţia poate fi utilizată pentru diminuarea efectului negativ al erbicidului Roundup asupra regimului nutritiv al viţei-de-vie şi sporirea productivităţii plantelor. The invention can be used to reduce the negative effect of the Roundup herbicide on the nutritional regime of the vine and increase plant productivity.
Un număr majorat de buruieni în plantaţiile viticole duce la epuizarea suplimentară a solului, consumul excesiv de umiditate, creează oportunitatea pentru apariţia bolilor şi vătămătorilor, impune dificultăţi la lucrarea solului. An increased number of weeds in vineyard plantations leads to additional soil depletion, excessive moisture consumption, creates opportunities for the appearance of diseases and pests, and imposes difficulties in soil cultivation.
Este cunoscut procedeul de combatere a buruienilor prin lucrarea mecanică a solului, care prevede înfundarea şi deshidratarea solului: lucrarea manuală, aratul, cultivarea, lucrarea cu cuţitele. The process of controlling weeds through mechanical tillage of the soil is known, which involves clogging and dehydrating the soil: manual tillage, plowing, cultivation, and work with knives.
Dezavantajul procedeului de lucrare mecanică constă în faptul că se distruge structura solului la utilizarea frecventă şi este foarte costisitor. The disadvantage of the mechanical tillage process is that it destroys the soil structure with frequent use and is very expensive.
Metoda chimică de combatere a buruienilor, în special aplicarea erbicidelor pentru a reduce numărul de lucrări ale solului şi de a îmbunătăţi productivitatea, este utilizată pe scară largă şi este parte a tehnologiei de cultivare a strugurilor. The chemical method of weed control, especially the application of herbicides to reduce the number of soil works and improve productivity, is widely used and is part of grape growing technology.
Cea mai apropiată soluţie este aplicarea erbicidelor pe bază de glifosat. Pentru controlul buruienilor la viţa-de-vie este recomandat erbicidul Roundup, care este un erbicid sistemic (firma Monsanto, SUA) şi conţine 36% de glifosat. Este un preparat cu un spectru larg de acţiune, distruge multe buruieni anuale şi perene în podgorii; se aplică sub formă de soluţie apoasă pentru tratarea buruienilor în plantaţiile de viţă-de-vie cu o normă de consum de 4 L/ha, ceea ce constituie 1440 g/ha de glifosat, substanţa activă a preparatului Roundup [1]. The closest solution is the application of glyphosate-based herbicides. For weed control in vineyards, the recommended herbicide is Roundup, which is a systemic herbicide (Monsanto, USA) and contains 36% glyphosate. It is a preparation with a broad spectrum of action, destroys many annual and perennial weeds in vineyards; it is applied as an aqueous solution for treating weeds in vineyard plantations with a consumption rate of 4 L/ha, which constitutes 1440 g/ha of glyphosate, the active substance of the Roundup preparation [1].
După alte surse consumul este de 2…4 L/ha (720…1440 g/ha de glifosat). According to other sources, the consumption is 2…4 L/ha (720…1440 g/ha of glyphosate).
Conform rezultatelor obţinute de mai mulţi cercetători, aplicarea de glifosat, inclusiv erbicidul Roundup, duce la modificarea componenţei şi inactivarea microflorei solului, la acumularea de metale grele în obiectele biosferei şi la suprimarea creşterii şi a productivităţii plantelor de cultură. According to the results obtained by several researchers, the application of glyphosate, including the herbicide Roundup, leads to changes in the composition and inactivation of soil microflora, the accumulation of heavy metals in biosphere objects, and the suppression of the growth and productivity of crop plants.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă constă în reducerea cantităţii de glifosat utilizate fără a diminua eficacitatea şi accelerarea descompunerii cantităţii reziduale de erbicid în sol. The problem solved by the proposed invention consists in reducing the amount of glyphosate used without diminishing the effectiveness and accelerating the decomposition of the residual amount of herbicide in the soil.
Procedeul, conform invenţiei, prevede tratarea buruienilor cu înălţimea de 7…10 cm cu o soluţie apoasă de erbicid, ce conţine 1,44…1,60 g/L glifosat şi un adaos de suspensie de bacterii ale tulpinilor Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 şi Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-06 luate în raport de 1:1 cu un titru de 107 CFU/mL, în cantitate de 3,0 mL la 1 L soluţie, totodată tratarea se efectuează cu un consum total de 450…500 L/ha, reieşind din consumul glifosatului de 720 g/ha. The process, according to the invention, provides for the treatment of weeds with a height of 7…10 cm with an aqueous solution of herbicide, containing 1.44…1.60 g/L glyphosate and an addition of a suspension of bacteria of the strains Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 and Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-06 taken in a ratio of 1:1 with a titer of 107 CFU/mL, in an amount of 3.0 mL per 1 L of solution, at the same time the treatment is carried out with a total consumption of 450…500 L/ha, resulting from the glyphosate consumption of 720 g/ha.
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Dozele de erbicid studiate în experiment Herbicide doses studied in the experiment
Concentraţia glifosatului în soluţia de lucru Consumul soluţiei de lucru, L/100 m2 Consumul soluţiei de lucru, L/1 ha Consumul preparatului concentrat, L/ha 1440 g/ha 4,66 466 -500 4 L/ha de Roundup 720 g/ha 4,66 466-500 2 L/ha de RoundupGlyphosate concentration in the working solution Working solution consumption, L/100 m2 Working solution consumption, L/1 ha Concentrated preparation consumption, L/ha 1440 g/ha 4.66 466 -500 4 L/ha of Roundup 720 g/ha 4.66 466-500 2 L/ha of Roundup
Studiile au fost efectuate conform metodelor cunoscute utilizate în practica microbiologică (Большой практикум по микробиологии, Москва, Высшая школа, 1962, p. 490). Bacteriile au fost cultivate pe medii minime de sare la temperatura de 27°C, 48 de ore, pentru a obţine suspensii concentrate cu un titru de 109 CFU/mL. Determinarea titrului suspensiilor lichide concentrate s-a efectuat conform standardului de turbiditate. În experimente au fost folosite pentru tratarea plantelor suspensiile de lucru cu un titru de 107 CFU/mL. The studies were carried out according to the known methods used in microbiological practice (Большой практикум по микробиологии, Москва, Высшая школа, 1962, p. 490). The bacteria were cultivated on minimal salt media at a temperature of 27°C, 48 hours, to obtain concentrated suspensions with a titer of 109 CFU/mL. Determination of the titer of concentrated liquid suspensions was carried out according to the turbidity standard. In the experiments, working suspensions with a titer of 107 CFU/mL were used for treating plants.
Rezultatul constă în menţinerea capacităţii de nitrificare a solului şi reducerea cantităţii de erbicid utilizat. The result is to maintain the nitrification capacity of the soil and reduce the amount of herbicide used.
Menţinerea capacităţii de nitrificare a solului la un nivel superior şi sporirea cantitativă de azot, fosfor şi potasiu în stratul de sol de repartizare a rădăcinilor denotă ameliorarea stării de nutriţie a plantelor, fortificarea proceselor de creştere şi maturare a lăstarilor anuali, combaterea buruienilor la 85…91%, reducerea cantităţii de erbicide utilizate, păstrând eficacitatea acestora în lupta împotriva buruienilor. Maintaining the soil nitrification capacity at a higher level and increasing the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the root distribution soil layer indicates an improvement in the nutritional status of plants, strengthening the growth and maturation processes of annual shoots, controlling weeds by 85…91%, reducing the amount of herbicides used, while maintaining their effectiveness in the fight against weeds.
Avantajele procedeului propus ţin de reducerea cantităţii de erbicid utilizat, păstrarea activităţii microflorei solului, prevenirea poluării mediului ambiant şi micşorarea cheltuielilor financiare. The advantages of the proposed process are related to reducing the amount of herbicide used, preserving the activity of soil microflora, preventing environmental pollution and reducing financial expenses.
Exemplu de realizare Example of implementation
Cercetările respective au fost efectuate în perioada anilor 2012-2013 pe lotul experimental al Institutului de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor al AŞM. Ca obiect de studiu au servit plantele de rod de viţă-de-vie, soiul Codrinschi, vârsta - 20 ani. Schema include 4 variante în 3 repetări: The respective research was carried out in the period 2012-2013 on the experimental lot of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the ASM. The object of study was the fruit vine plants, variety Codrinschi, age - 20 years. The scheme includes 4 variants in 3 repetitions:
1. Prelucrarea manuală a buruienilor - martor. 1. Manual weeding - control.
2. Stropirea buruienilor cu soluţia apoasă a erbicidului Roundup, 4 L/ha - cea mai apropiată soluţie. 2. Spraying weeds with an aqueous solution of Roundup herbicide, 4 L/ha - the closest solution.
3. Stropirea buruienilor cu soluţia apoasă a erbicidului Roundup, în doză de 2 L/ha. 3. Spraying weeds with an aqueous solution of Roundup herbicide, at a dose of 2 L/ha.
4. Stropirea buruienilor cu soluţia apoasă a erbicidului Roundup, în doză de 2 L/ha şi suspensia a două tulpini de microorganisme Pseudomonas putida şi Bacillus subtilis 1:1, 30 mL/ 10 L H2O - procedeul propus (invenţie). 4. Spraying weeds with the aqueous solution of Roundup herbicide, at a dose of 2 L/ha and the suspension of two strains of microorganisms Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis 1:1, 30 mL/ 10 L H2O - the proposed process (invention).
Concentraţia glifosatului în soluţia de lucru a constituit 2,88 g/L şi 1,44 g/L, corespunzător 4 şi 2 L/ha a erbicidului Roundup, consumul soluţiei de lucru fiind de 500 L/ha, iar consumul de glifosat 1440 g/ha şi, respectiv, 720 g/ha (tab.1). Suspensia din două tulpini de microorganisme Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 şi Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-06 (în raport 1:1), în cantitate de 3 mL/L cu consumul total de 14 mL/4,66 L soluţie de erbicid se adaugă la soluţia de lucru înainte de aplicare. The concentration of glyphosate in the working solution was 2.88 g/L and 1.44 g/L, corresponding to 4 and 2 L/ha of Roundup herbicide, the working solution consumption being 500 L/ha, and the glyphosate consumption 1440 g/ha and, respectively, 720 g/ha (tab. 1). The suspension of two strains of microorganisms Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 and Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-06 (in a 1:1 ratio), in an amount of 3 mL/L with a total consumption of 14 mL/4.66 L of herbicide solution is added to the working solution before application.
Înregistrarea numărului şi a tipului de buruieni, efectuată la o lună după tratare, a scos în evidenţă că în varianta cu aplicarea concomitentă a soluţiei de erbicid şi a suspensiei din două microorganisme numărul speciilor şi cantitatea de buruieni scade brusc în comparaţie cu variantele cu aplicarea erbicidului aparte (tab. 2). Cantitatea de buruieni pe o suprafaţă de 50 м2 în această variantă constituie 9,55% faţă de martor - prelucrarea manuală, şi 18,92% - faţa de cea mai apropiată soluţie. Aceeaşi tendinţă a fost menţionată şi în anul 2012: cantitatea de buruieni pe o suprafaţă de 50 м2 în varianta, conform invenţiei, la o lună după tratare a constituit 4,29 şi, respectiv, 9,67%. Acest rezultat este confirmat şi de datele din literatura de specialitate cu privire la posibilitatea de aplicare a unor tulpini de microorganisme în agricultura ecologică. The registration of the number and type of weeds, carried out one month after treatment, revealed that in the variant with the simultaneous application of the herbicide solution and the suspension of two microorganisms, the number of species and the amount of weeds decreases sharply in comparison with the variants with the application of the herbicide separately (tab. 2). The amount of weeds on an area of 50 m2 in this variant is 9.55% compared to the control - manual processing, and 18.92% - compared to the closest solution. The same trend was noted in 2012: the amount of weeds on an area of 50 m2 in the variant, according to the invention, one month after treatment was 4.29 and, respectively, 9.67%. This result is also confirmed by the data from the specialized literature on the possibility of applying some strains of microorganisms in organic farming.
Una dintre consecinţele negative ale aplicării erbicidelor este deteriorarea stratutului nutritiv al solului. Determinarea capacităţii de nitrificare a solului, care este unul din indicatorii de bază ai activităţii biochimice totale a solului, a subliniat efectul pozitiv al microorganismelor. One of the negative consequences of herbicide application is the deterioration of the soil nutrient layer. Determination of the soil nitrification capacity, which is one of the basic indicators of the total biochemical activity of the soil, highlighted the positive effect of microorganisms.
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Evidenţa buruienilor în experiment cu utilizarea erbicidului Roundup şi a complexului Evidence of weeds in the experiment with the use of Roundup herbicide and the complex
din două tulpini de microorganisme, 2013 from two strains of microorganisms, 2013
Variante Nr. speciilor de buruieni Nr. plantelor pe o suprafaţă de 50 м2 % faţă de martor cea mai apropiata soluţie 1. Martor - prelucrarea manuală 7 220 100 - 2. Roundup, 4 L/ha 5 111 50,45 100 3. Roundup, 2 L/ha 9 155 70,45 4. Roundup 2 L/ha + 2 tulpini de microorganisme * 2 21 9,55 18,92Variants No. of weed species No. of plants on an area of 50 m2 % compared to the control closest solution 1. Control - manual processing 7 220 100 - 2. Roundup, 4 L/ha 5 111 50.45 100 3. Roundup, 2 L/ha 9 155 70.45 4. Roundup 2 L/ha + 2 strains of microorganisms * 2 21 9.55 18.92
*Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1) *Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1)
În variantele cu aplicarea erbicidului, capacitatea de nitrificare a solului se micşorează, ceea ce indică despre efectul negativ al erbicidului asupra stării solului şi corespunzător asupra productivităţii plantelor (tab. 3). În varianta cu aplicarea comună a erbicidului concomitent cu soluţia de microorganisme, capacitatea de nitrificare a solului a sporit faţă de martor. In the variants with herbicide application, the nitrification capacity of the soil decreases, which indicates the negative effect of the herbicide on the soil condition and accordingly on plant productivity (tab. 3). In the variant with joint application of the herbicide simultaneously with the solution of microorganisms, the nitrification capacity of the soil increased compared to the control.
A fost studiat conţinutul elementelor nutritive în solul sub plantele roditoare de viţă-de-vie după aplicarea erbicidului. The content of nutrients in the soil under fruiting grapevine plants after herbicide application was studied.
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Impactul erbicidelor şi al microorganismelor asupra capacităţii de nitrificare The impact of herbicides and microorganisms on nitrification capacity
a solului (media a trei repetări) of the soil (average of three repetitions)
Variante Capacitatea de nitrificare a solului, N-NO3 mg/100 g sol anul 2012 anul 2013 1.Martor - prelucrarea manuală 6,8 3,53 2. Roundup - 4 L/ha 6,2 2,71 3.Roundup - 2 L/ha 7,5 2,69 4. Raundap - 2 L/ha +2 tulpini de microorganisme * 8,8 3,66Variants Soil nitrification capacity, N-NO3 mg/100 g soil year 2012 year 2013 1. Control - manual processing 6.8 3.53 2. Roundup - 4 L/ha 6.2 2.71 3. Roundup - 2 L/ha 7.5 2.69 4. Roundup - 2 L/ha +2 strains of microorganisms * 8.8 3.66
*Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1) *Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1)
La o lună după aplicarea erbicidului Roundup (4 L/ha) se observă micşorarea conţinutului de forme mobile ale elementelor nutritive de bază nu numai la o adâncime de 0…30 cm, dar şi la 30…60 cm (tab. 4). În varianta cu încorporarea în sol a consorţiumului de microorganisme Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06, Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1, 30 ml/ 10 L H2O) concomitent cu aplicarea a 2 L/ha de erbicid se observă o tendinţă de menţinere a conţinutului de elemente nutritive în sol la un nivel stabil. One month after the application of the Roundup herbicide (4 L/ha), a decrease in the content of mobile forms of basic nutrients is observed not only at a depth of 0…30 cm, but also at 30…60 cm (tab. 4). In the variant with the incorporation into the soil of the consortium of microorganisms Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06, Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1, 30 ml/ 10 L H2O) simultaneously with the application of 2 L/ha of herbicide, a tendency to maintain the content of nutrients in the soil at a stable level is observed.
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Conţinutul elementelor nutritive de bază în sol în funcţie de aplicarea erbicidelor şi microorganismelor, mg/100 g, anul 2013 Content of basic nutrients in soil depending on the application of herbicides and microorganisms, mg/100 g, 2013
Variante NH4 NO3 P2O5 K2O la adâncimea de 0…30 cm 1. Martor -prelucrarea mecanică 0,57±0,19 6,3±0,21 2,51±0,09 16,1±0,96 2. Roundup - 4 L/ha 0,55±0,09 5,6±0,17 1,98±0,34 13,06±1,08 3. Roundup - 2 L/ha 0,61±0,04 5,9±0,91 1,89±0,22 13,17±0,58 4. Roundup 2 L/ha + 2 tulpini de microorganisme. * 0,68±0,08 6,1±0,29 2,68±0,17 15,99±0,77 la adâncimea de 30…60 cm 1.Martor -prelucrarea mecanică 0,61±0,04 2,8±0,48 1,04±0,04 12,46±0,09 2. Roundup -4 L/ha 0,56±0,12 2,2±1,05 0,94±0,33 12,09±0,3 2 3. Roundup - 2 L/ha 0,53±0,07 2,3±0,92 1,36±0,27 12,75±0,71 4 Roundup - 2 L/ha +2 tulpini de microorganisme* 0,74±0,07 2,6±0,71 2,32±0,65 12,89±0,68Variants NH4 NO3 P2O5 K2O at a depth of 0…30 cm 1. Control - mechanical processing 0.57±0.19 6.3±0.21 2.51±0.09 16.1±0.96 2. Roundup - 4 L/ha 0.55±0.09 5.6±0.17 1.98±0.34 13.06±1.08 3. Roundup - 2 L/ha 0.61±0.04 5.9±0.91 1.89±0.22 13.17±0.58 4. Roundup 2 L/ha + 2 strains of microorganisms. * 0.68±0.08 6.1±0.29 2.68±0.17 15.99±0.77 at a depth of 30…60 cm 1. Control - mechanical processing 0.61±0.04 2.8±0.48 1.04±0.04 12.46±0.09 2. Roundup -4 L/ha 0.56±0.12 2.2±1.05 0.94±0.33 12.09±0.3 2 3. Roundup - 2 L/ha 0.53±0.07 2.3±0.92 1.36±0.27 12.75±0.71 4 Roundup - 2 L/ha +2 strains of microorganisms* 0.74±0.07 2.6±0.71 2.32±0.65 12.89±0.68
*Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1) *Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1)
Determinarea gradului de creştere şi maturare a lăstarilor anuali ai viţei-de-vie în funcţie de aplicarea erbicidului în anii 2012 şi 2013 a scos în evidenţă rezultate unice. Pentru prima dată s-au obţinut date experimentale în condiţiile Republicii Moldova, care indică despre micşorarea gradului de creştere a lăstarilor în variantele unde a fost aplicat erbicidul Roundup, faţă de martor (tab.5). În varianta unde a fost aplicat erbicidul în comun cu complexul de microorganisme se observă un efect stabilizator al microorganismelor: lungimea şi maturarea lăstarilor este mai sporită faţă de variantele cu aplicarea erbicidului fără microorganisme. Sporirea gradului de maturare a lăstarilor favorizează rezistenţa plantelor la temperaturi negative scăzute din timpul iernii. Determination of the degree of growth and maturation of annual shoots of grapevine depending on the application of the herbicide in 2012 and 2013 brought out unique results. For the first time, experimental data were obtained under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova, indicating a decrease in the degree of growth of shoots in the variants where the Roundup herbicide was applied, compared to the control (tab. 5). In the variant where the herbicide was applied together with the complex of microorganisms, a stabilizing effect of microorganisms is observed: the length and maturation of shoots is greater compared to the variants with the application of the herbicide without microorganisms. The increase in the degree of maturation of shoots favors the resistance of plants to low negative temperatures in winter.
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Efectul erbicidului Roundup şi al suspensiei de microorganisme asupra creşterii şi maturării lăstarilor anuali ai viţei-de-vie, soiul Codrinschi The effect of Roundup herbicide and microorganism suspension on the growth and maturation of annual shoots of grapevine, Codrinschi variety
Variante Lungimea medie a lăstarilor, cm ± faţă de martor Lungimea maturată a lăstarilor, cm ± faţă de martor Gradul de maturare a lăstarilor, % ± faţă de martor, % 1.Martor, prelucrarea mecanică 85,0 ± 1,6 - 60,3 ± 2,0 - 70,94 - 2.Roundup - 4 L/ha 79,2 ± 2,2 - 5,8 60,7 ± 1,8 + 0,4 76,64 + 5,70 3.Roundup - 2 L/ha 80,4 ± 2,4 - 4,6 62,3 ± 1,1 + 2,0 77,49 6,55 4.Roundup- 2 L/ha + 2 tulpini de microorganisme* 82,1 ± 1,9 - 2,9 65,5 ± 2,3 + 5,2 79,78 8,84Variants Average shoot length, cm ± compared to control Matured shoot length, cm ± compared to control Shoot maturation degree, % ± compared to control, % 1. Control, mechanical processing 85.0 ± 1.6 - 60.3 ± 2.0 - 70.94 - 2. Roundup - 4 L/ha 79.2 ± 2.2 - 5.8 60.7 ± 1.8 + 0.4 76.64 + 5.70 3. Roundup - 2 L/ha 80.4 ± 2.4 - 4.6 62.3 ± 1.1 + 2.0 77.49 6.55 4. Roundup- 2 L/ha + 2 strains of microorganisms* 82.1 ± 1.9 - 2.9 65.5 ± 2.3 + 5.2 79.78 8.84
*Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1) *Pseudomonas putida CNMN-PsB-06 + Bacillus subtilis CNMN-BB-08 (1:1)
Aşadar, s-a stabilit efectul inhibitor al erbicidului Roundup asupra conţinutului de elemente nutritive accesibile plantelor în sol şi posibilitatea de a micşora acest impact prin aplicarea concomitentă a dozei înjumătăţite de erbicid şi a suspensiei din două tulpini de microorganisme cu acelaşi efect asupra buruienilor şi cu menţinerea activităţii de nitrificare în sol şi a statusului nutritiv al plantelor la un nivel mai sporit. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of the Roundup herbicide on the content of plant-accessible nutrients in the soil was established, as well as the possibility of reducing this impact by simultaneously applying a halved dose of the herbicide and a suspension of two strains of microorganisms with the same effect on weeds, while maintaining the nitrification activity in the soil and the nutritional status of the plants at a higher level.
1. Registrul de stat al produselor de uz fitosanitar şi al fertilizanţilor, 2010.02.04, găsit Internet: < URL: http://www.pesticide-md.com/registrul/?action=a_search&keywords=&s=&t=0&m=0&c=4&p=0&search=OK&next=41 > 1. State Register of Phytosanitary Products and Fertilizers, 2010.02.04, found on the Internet: < URL: http://www.pesticide-md.com/registrul/?action=a_search&keywords=&s=&t=0&m=0&c=4&p=0&search=OK&next=41 >
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| RU2024230C1 (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1994-12-15 | Научно-производственное объединение "Нива Ставрополья" | Method for control of weedage in young apple gardens |
| EA002807B1 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2002-10-31 | Майкро Фло Компани | Agticultural compositions containing bacteria |
| MD4114C1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2012-01-31 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd | Herbicidal composition and method for controlling undesired plants or inhibiting their growth |
| MD4136C1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2012-06-30 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd | Herbicidal suspension and method for controlling undesired plants or inhibiting their growth |
| RU2543265C2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2015-02-27 | Басф Се | Water concentrate composition, containing saflufenacyl and glyphosphate, its application and method of fighting undesirable vegetation |
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| RU2024230C1 (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1994-12-15 | Научно-производственное объединение "Нива Ставрополья" | Method for control of weedage in young apple gardens |
| EA002807B1 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2002-10-31 | Майкро Фло Компани | Agticultural compositions containing bacteria |
| MD4136C1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2012-06-30 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd | Herbicidal suspension and method for controlling undesired plants or inhibiting their growth |
| MD4114C1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2012-01-31 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd | Herbicidal composition and method for controlling undesired plants or inhibiting their growth |
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