RU2024230C1 - Method for control of weedage in young apple gardens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves treatment of apple trees with 15-% solution of nitrammophos three weeks prior to herbicidal treatment based on glyphosphate. EFFECT: crop less damaged by herbicide; no root sprouting. 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to destroy weeds in young apple orchards and orchards of short cycle.

 A known method of weed control in fruit nurseries, which consists in the use of herbicides, when to reduce the negative effect on seedlings, the preparations are applied either to the soil before planting or on the surface in early spring before the leaves bloom. The application of herbicides to the soil provides a significant death of weeds only in the first year of application, and when applying herbicides in the early spring, only early spring weeds die mainly, and perennial and late spring weeds begin to grow actively again in the summer.

 The introduction of herbicides in young gardens in the summer leads to the fact that plants often get burns, lag behind in growth and development. Therefore, they are recommended to be used, starting from a certain age of plantations - 2-4 years after planting.

 To suppress weeds in fruit-bearing gardens, glyphosphate-based preparations are used - roundup, heap, fosulene, forsat, which have a strong effect on annual and perennial weeds. However, when used, there is a danger of inhibition of plants due to the ingestion of herbicides on them. Pome crops are more resistant to herbicides, less - stone fruits. Short-cycle gardens are also less resistant to them, as they are grafted onto weak rootstocks, in which the root system is poorly developed and is located superficially. Therefore, it is necessary to apply measures to protect plants, for example, special screens.

 The purpose of the invention is the reduction of the phytotoxic effect of herbicides on seedlings during weed control in young gardens during the growing season.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that they carry out special preparation of plants for the use of highly toxic herbicides, which consists in pre-treating the zone of probable herbicides on young trees with a 15% solution of nitroammophos.

An example of a specific implementation of the method. The experiments were carried out in 1987 in a super-intensive garden on annual saplings of apple trees of the varieties Kubar and Golden Delishes. The repetition of experiments three times. The following options were included in the experiments:
three-time manual weeding - control;
spraying the soil and the stem with a 10% solution of nitroammophos;
spraying the soil and the stem with the 15th nitroammophos solution;
spraying the soil with a 0.15% suspension of fosulene;
spraying the soil with a 15% solution of nitroammophos, then with a 0.15% suspension of fosulene;
paper binding of boles + spraying of the soil with 0.15th suspension of fosulene.

 At the end of May, on the experimental plots of options 2 and 3, the soil and boles were sprayed with 10 and 15% aqueous solution of nitroammophos soil and the surface part of seedlings to a height of 15-20 cm. 2-3 days after spraying, the leaves of seedlings that fell into the treated zone, faded and began to dry out. The effect of nitroammophos solutions on annual weeds, which died within a week by 90%, had the same effect. At the end of June, three weeks after treatment with nitroammophos, soil was sprayed with a 0.15% suspension of plot fosulene in the 4.5- and 6th variants. in the 6th embodiment, before processing the stem, the seedlings were tied with paper. The effect of the tested methods on weeds is given in table. 1.

 The censuses showed that the growth and development of plants varies significantly according to the options (Table 2). In addition, spraying with a 15% solution of nitroammophos and treating with fosulene (option 5) led to significant inhibition and death of young basal and prickly shoots, which had to be removed manually in the control.

 Thus, spraying the bottom of the seedlings with ammophos solution protects them from the inhibitory effect of fosulen, while the use of one fosulen leads to inhibition of fruit trees (the diameter of the stem decreases, the total growth of shoots is almost halved), not only in the year of its introduction, but also in subsequent years. In the variant with preliminary spraying of the lower part of the seedlings with a 15% solution of nitroammophos. With the subsequent use of fosulen, plant growth was at the control level.

 In short-cycle gardens, the use of fosulene herbicide affects not only the growth and development of trees, but also fruiting (Tables 3, 4).

 Thus, the use of highly toxic glyphosate-based herbicides is highly effective for weed control, but in young gardens and short-cycle gardens it leads to stunted growth and oppression of trees, especially at an earlier age. The use of an aqueous 15% solution of nitroammophos before spraying the soil with herbicides allows the use of highly toxic herbicides in weed control during the growing season in young gardens and short-cycle gardens without inhibiting plants and reducing yield.

 In terms of the effectiveness of protection, this method is not inferior to the method of tying the bars with paper, but it is more economically effective.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR CONTROLING WEED VEGETATION IN YOUNG APPLE GARDENERS, including tillage during the growing season with glyphosphate-based herbicide, characterized in that, in order to reduce the phytotoxic effect of the herbicide on apple plants, they are treated with 15% nitric acid three weeks before the herbicide is treated .

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