MD943Z - Method for measuring the impedance components - Google Patents

Method for measuring the impedance components Download PDF

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Publication number
MD943Z
MD943Z MDS20150012A MDS20150012A MD943Z MD 943 Z MD943 Z MD 943Z MD S20150012 A MDS20150012 A MD S20150012A MD S20150012 A MDS20150012 A MD S20150012A MD 943 Z MD943 Z MD 943Z
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Moldova
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impedance
converter
reproduced
phase
measuring
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MDS20150012A
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Romanian (ro)
Russian (ru)
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Виталие НАСТАС
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Технический университет Молдовы
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Publication of MD943Z publication Critical patent/MD943Z/en

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Abstract

Изобретение относится к области электрических измерений и может быть использовано для измерения составляющих импеданса.Метод измерения составляющих импеданса состоит в образовании последовательной измерительной резонансной цепи из измеряемого объекта и выходных клемм конвертора импеданса с раздельным регулированием и с предустановленными значениями модуля и фазы воспроизводимого импеданса, равными максимальному значению диапазона регулирования и 180°, соответственно, питании измерительной резонансной цепи измерительным сигналом, формировании сигналов неравновесия и образцового из падений напряжения на резонансной цепи и на воспроизводимом конвертором импедансе, соответственно, уравновешивании измерительной цепи регулированием модуля до достижения нулевого значения сигнала неравновесия и одновременного регулирования фазы воспроизводимого конвертором импеданса до достижения значения фазового сдвига между сигналами неравновесия и образцовым, равного 0° или 180°, а также в определении составляющих измеряемого импеданса из их известной зависимости от входных величин конвертора. В зависимости от характера импеданса измеряемого объекта, регулирование фазы воспроизводимого конвертором импеданса осуществляется в диапазонах значений: 180…270° - для индуктивных, 90…180° - для емкостных и 180° - для активных импедансов.The invention relates to the field of electrical measurements and can be used to measure impedance components. A method of measuring impedance components consists in the formation of a serial measuring resonant circuit from the measured object and the output terminals of the impedance converter with separate regulation and with preset values of the module and phase of the reproduced impedance equal to the maximum value control range and 180 °, respectively, the power of the measuring resonant circuit measuring signal m, the formation of the disequilibrium signals and the model of the voltage drops on the resonant circuit and the impedance reproduced by the converter, respectively, balancing the measuring circuit by modulating the module until the nonequilibrium signal reaches zero and simultaneously adjusting the phase of the impedance reproduced by the converter until the phase shift between the nonequilibrium and the exemplary signals is reached, equal to 0 ° or 180 °, as well as in determining the components of the measured impedance from their known dependence on the input x value of the converter. Depending on the nature of the impedance of the measured object, the phase of the impedance reproduced by the converter is regulated in the ranges of values: 180 ... 270 ° for inductive, 90 ... 180 ° for capacitive and 180 ° for active impedances.

Description

Invenţia se referă la domeniul măsurărilor electrice şi poate fi utilizată pentru măsurarea componentelor impedanţei. The invention relates to the field of electrical measurements and can be used for measuring impedance components.

Este cunoscută metoda de măsurare a componentelor impedanţei, care include formarea unui circuit de măsurare rezonant din obiectul măsurat şi bornele de ieşire ale unui convertor de impedanţă cu valori iniţiale preinstalate ale componentelor, alimentarea circuitului de măsurare cu un semnal de măsurare, formarea semnalului de dezechilibru şi a două semnale de referinţă. Echilibrarea circuitului de măsurare se efectuează prin reglarea concomitentă a fazei în banda de valori 90…270° şi a modulului impedanţei reproduse de convertor. Metoda asigură determinarea modulului şi a fazei impedanţei necunoscute din dependenţa lor cunoscută de valorile de intrare ale convertorului în stare de echilibru al circuitului de măsurare [1]. The method of measuring impedance components is known, which includes the formation of a resonant measuring circuit from the measured object and the output terminals of an impedance converter with pre-installed initial values of the components, the supply of a measuring signal to the measuring circuit, the formation of an unbalance signal and two reference signals. The balancing of the measuring circuit is carried out by simultaneously adjusting the phase in the range of values 90…270° and the modulus of the impedance reproduced by the converter. The method provides for the determination of the modulus and phase of the unknown impedance from their known dependence on the input values of the converter in the equilibrium state of the measuring circuit [1].

Dezavantajele acestei metode constau în timpul mare de măsurare, cauzat de banda largă de reglare a fazei impedanţei reproduse de convertor, precum şi structura complicată la implementarea practică, deoarece necesită formarea a două semnale de referinţă. The disadvantages of this method are the long measurement time, caused by the wide bandwidth of adjusting the phase of the impedance reproduced by the converter, as well as the complicated structure in practical implementation, since it requires the formation of two reference signals.

Problemele pe care le rezolvă invenţia constau în micşorarea timpului de măsurare şi simplificarea implementării practice. The problems solved by the invention consist in reducing the measurement time and simplifying the practical implementation.

Metoda, conform invenţiei, înlătură dezavantajele menţionate mai sus prin aceea că include formarea unui circuit de măsurare rezonant în serie din obiectul măsurat şi bornele de ieşire ale unui convertor de impedanţă cu reglare independentă şi cu valori preinstalate ale modulului şi fazei impedanţei reproduse, egale cu valoarea maximă a benzii de reglare şi cu 180°, respectiv, alimentarea circuitului de măsurare rezonant cu un semnal de măsurare, formarea unor semnale de dezechilibru şi de referinţă din căderile de tensiune pe circuitul rezonant şi pe impedanţa reprodusă de convertor, respectiv, echilibrarea circuitului de măsurare prin reglarea modulului până la obţinerea valorii zero a semnalului de dezechilibru şi reglarea concomitentă a fazei impedanţei reproduse de convertor până la atingerea valorii defazajului între semnalele de dezechilibru şi de referinţă egale cu 0° sau 180°, precum şi în determinarea componentelor impedanţei măsurate din dependenţa lor cunoscută de mărimile de intrare ale convertorului. În dependenţă de caracterul impedanţei obiectului măsurat, reglarea fazei impedanţei reproduse de convertor se efectuează în benzile de valori: 180…270° - pentru impedanţe cu caracter inductiv, 90…180° - pentru impedanţe cu caracter capacitiv şi 180° - pentru impedanţe cu caracter activ. The method, according to the invention, eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages by including the formation of a resonant measuring circuit in series from the measured object and the output terminals of an impedance converter with independent adjustment and with pre-installed values of the modulus and phase of the reproduced impedance, equal to the maximum value of the adjustment band and 180°, respectively, supplying the resonant measuring circuit with a measurement signal, forming unbalance and reference signals from the voltage drops on the resonant circuit and on the impedance reproduced by the converter, respectively, balancing the measuring circuit by adjusting the modulus until obtaining the zero value of the unbalance signal and simultaneously adjusting the phase of the impedance reproduced by the converter until reaching the phase shift value between the unbalance and reference signals equal to 0° or 180°, as well as determining the components of the measured impedance from their known dependence on the input quantities of the converter. Depending on the impedance character of the measured object, the phase adjustment of the impedance reproduced by the converter is performed in the value bands: 180…270° - for impedances with an inductive character, 90…180° - for impedances with a capacitive character and 180° - for impedances with an active character.

Rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei constă în micşorarea timpului de măsurare cu precizie înaltă a componentelor impedanţei în coordonate polare şi în simplificarea implementării practice. The technical result of the invention consists in reducing the time for high-precision measurement of impedance components in polar coordinates and in simplifying practical implementation.

Invenţia se explică prin desenele din fig. 1-3, care reprezintă: The invention is explained by the drawings in Fig. 1-3, which represent:

- fig. 1, diagrama vectorială, care ilustrează procesul de măsurare pentru impedanţe cu caracter inductiv; - Fig. 1, vector diagram, illustrating the measurement process for inductive impedances;

- fig. 2, diagrama vectorială, care ilustrează procesul de măsurare pentru impedanţe cu caracter capacitiv; - Fig. 2, vector diagram, which illustrates the measurement process for capacitive impedances;

- fig. 3, diagrama vectorială, care ilustrează procesul de măsurare pentru impedanţe cu caracter activ. - Fig. 3, vector diagram, which illustrates the measurement process for active impedances.

Impedanţa masurată ZX şi impedanţa de referinţă Zr, reprodusă de convertor, pot fi reprezentate în coordonate polare: The measured impedance ZX and the reference impedance Zr, reproduced by the converter, can be represented in polar coordinates:

ZX = ZX exp (jφX), (1) ZX = ZX exp (jφX), (1)

Zr = Zr exp (jφr), (2) Zr = Zr exp (jφr), (2)

unde: ZX, Zr , φX , φr - respectiv, modulele şi fazele impedanţelor măsurată şi de referinţă, j - unitate imaginară. Obiectul măsurat cu impedanţa (1) şi convertorul de impedanţă cu impedanţa de ieşire (2) formează un circuit rezonant în serie, alimentat cu semnalul de măsurare cu valoarea curentului I. Convertorul de impedanţă posedă valorile iniţiale preinstalate ale modulului impedanţei reproduse, egală cu valoarea maximă a benzii de reglare şi a fazei, egală cu 180º (poziţia Ur1 în fig. 1, 2, 3). where: ZX, Zr , φX , φr - respectively, the modules and phases of the measured and reference impedances, j - imaginary unit. The measured object with impedance (1) and the impedance converter with output impedance (2) form a series resonant circuit, fed with the measurement signal with the current value I. The impedance converter has pre-installed initial values of the module of the reproduced impedance, equal to the maximum value of the adjustment band and the phase, equal to 180º (position Ur1 in Fig. 1, 2, 3).

Suma căderilor de tensiune Ux pe impedanţa măsurată şi Ur pe impedanţa de referinţă constituie tensiunea Ude, utilizată în calitate de semnal de dezechilibru: The sum of the voltage drops Ux on the measured impedance and Ur on the reference impedance constitutes the voltage Ude, used as an unbalance signal:

Ude = UX + Ur = I(ZX+Zr) = I[ZX exp (jφX) + Zr exp (jφr)] (3) Ude = UX + Ur = I(ZX+Zr) = I[ZX exp (jφX) + Zr exp (jφr)] (3)

În calitate de semnal de referinţă se utilizează caderea de tensiune pe impedanţa reprodusă de convertor Ur. The voltage drop across the impedance reproduced by the converter Ur is used as a reference signal.

Echilibrarea circuitului de măsurare se efectuează prin două operaţii concomitente: Balancing the measurement circuit is performed through two simultaneous operations:

- reglarea modulului Zr al impedanţei Zr reproduse de convertor până la obţinerea condiţiei de echilibru după modul Ude=0; - adjusting the modulus Zr of the impedance Zr reproduced by the converter until obtaining the equilibrium condition after the modulus Ude=0;

- reglarea fazei φr a acestei impedanţe până la obţinerea condiţiei de echilibru după fază δφ = φX - φr = 0°, sau 180°. Banda de reglare a fazei constituie 90° în cazul măsurării impedanţelor cu caracter inductiv sau capacitiv şi 0° în cazul măsurării rezistenţei active. - adjusting the phase φr of this impedance until obtaining the equilibrium condition after the phase δφ = φX - φr = 0°, or 180°. The phase adjustment band is 90° in the case of measuring impedances of inductive or capacitive nature and 0° in the case of measuring active resistance.

În procesul echilibrării căderea de tensiune Ur obţine consecutiv valorile Ur1, Ur2 , Ur0 , iar semnalul de dezechilibru - respectiv, valorile Ude1, Ude2, Ude0. În stare de echilibru valorile fazei şi modulului impedanţei măsurate constituie respectiv: In the balancing process, the voltage drop Ur consecutively obtains the values Ur1, Ur2, Ur0, and the unbalance signal - respectively, the values Ude1, Ude2, Ude0. In a balanced state, the values of the phase and modulus of the measured impedance are respectively:

ZX = Zr0 , φX = 180° + φr0 (4) ZX = Zr0 , φX = 180° + φr0 (4)

După cum rezultă din relaţia (4), la finalizarea procesului de măsurare modulul şi faza impedanţei necunoscute se exprimă respectiv prin modulul şi faza impedanţei de referinţă, reproduse de convertor, ceea ce prezintă rezultatul măsurării. As follows from relation (4), at the end of the measurement process, the modulus and phase of the unknown impedance are expressed respectively by the modulus and phase of the reference impedance, reproduced by the converter, which presents the measurement result.

Ca exemplu poate servi măsurarea componentelor unei impedanţe capacitive cu valoarea ZX = ZX exp(jφX) = 20·exp[j(-45º)] kΩ . Valoarea preinstalată a impedanţei reproduse de convertor constituie Zr = Zrexp(jφr) = 100·exp(j180º) kΩ. La echilibrarea circuitului de măsurare, conform fig. 2, se reglează faza φr până la atingerea valorii defazajului între semnalul Ude şi semnalul Ur de 0 sau 180º, ceea ce corespunde φr = 180º- 45º = 135º. Concomitent se reglează modulul Zr până la obţinerea valorii semnalului de dezechilibru Ude = 0. Componentele impedanţei măsurate, conform relaţiei (4), constituie: Zr = ZX = 20 kΩ, φX = 180º+135º = -45º, ceea ce prezintă rezultatul măsurării. As an example, the measurement of the components of a capacitive impedance with the value ZX = ZX exp(jφX) = 20·exp[j(-45º)] kΩ can be used. The pre-installed value of the impedance reproduced by the converter is Zr = Zrexp(jφr) = 100·exp(j180º) kΩ. When balancing the measurement circuit, according to Fig. 2, the phase φr is adjusted until the phase shift value between the Ude signal and the Ur signal of 0 or 180º is reached, which corresponds to φr = 180º- 45º = 135º. At the same time, the module Zr is adjusted until the value of the unbalance signal Ude = 0 is obtained. The components of the measured impedance, according to relation (4), are: Zr = ZX = 20 kΩ, φX = 180º+135º = -45º, which presents the measurement result.

1. MD 628 Z 2013.11.30 1. MD 628 Z 2013.11.30

Claims (1)

Metodă de măsurare a componentelor impedanţei, care constă în formarea unui circuit de măsurare rezonant în serie din obiectul măsurat şi bornele de ieşire ale unui convertor de impedanţă cu reglare independentă şi cu valori preinstalate ale modulului şi fazei impedanţei reproduse, egale cu valoarea maximă a benzii de reglare şi cu 180°, respectiv; alimentarea circuitului de măsurare rezonant cu un semnal de măsurare; formarea unor semnale de dezechilibru şi de referinţă din căderile de tensiune pe circuitul rezonant şi pe impedanţa reprodusă de convertor, respectiv; echilibrarea circuitului de măsurare prin reglarea modulului până la obţinerea valorii zero a semnalului de dezechilibru şi reglarea concomitentă a fazei impedanţei reproduse de convertor până la atingerea valorii defazajului între semnalele de dezechilibru şi de referinţă egale cu 0° sau 180°, precum şi în determinarea componentelor impedanţei măsurate din dependenţa lor cunoscută de mărimile de intrare ale convertorului, caracterizată prin aceea că în dependenţă de caracterul impedanţei obiectului măsurat, reglarea fazei impedanţei reproduse de convertor se efectuează în benzile de valori: 180…270° - pentru impedanţe cu caracter inductiv, 90…180° - pentru impedanţe cu caracter capacitiv şi 180° - pentru impedanţe cu caracter activ.Method for measuring impedance components, which consists in forming a resonant measuring circuit in series from the measured object and the output terminals of an impedance converter with independent adjustment and with pre-installed values of the modulus and phase of the reproduced impedance, equal to the maximum value of the adjustment band and 180°, respectively; feeding the resonant measuring circuit with a measurement signal; forming unbalance and reference signals from the voltage drops on the resonant circuit and on the impedance reproduced by the converter, respectively; balancing the measurement circuit by adjusting the module until the zero value of the unbalance signal is obtained and the simultaneous adjustment of the phase of the impedance reproduced by the converter until the phase shift value between the unbalance and reference signals is reached equal to 0° or 180°, as well as in determining the components of the measured impedance from their known dependence on the input quantities of the converter, characterized by the fact that depending on the impedance character of the measured object, the adjustment of the phase of the impedance reproduced by the converter is performed in the value bands: 180…270° - for impedances with an inductive character, 90…180° - for impedances with a capacitive character and 180° - for impedances with an active character.
MDS20150012A 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Method for measuring the impedance components MD943Z (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107966613A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-04-27 国家电网公司 Special phase commutator and commutation method for transformer DC resistance tester

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD2509G2 (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Method of impedance components measurement
MD3577F1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-04-30 Universitatea Tehnica A Moldovei Method of measuring the impedance components
MD392Z (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-01-31 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD447Z (en) * 2011-03-10 2012-06-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance component
MD489Z (en) * 2011-06-09 2012-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD490Z (en) * 2011-07-05 2012-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the admittance components
MD591Z (en) * 2012-09-11 2013-08-31 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measurement of impedance component
MD628Z (en) * 2012-11-23 2013-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD662Z (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD752Z (en) * 2013-07-24 2014-10-31 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the resistance, inductance or capacitance of the two-terminal network
  • 2015

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD2509G2 (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Method of impedance components measurement
MD3577F1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-04-30 Universitatea Tehnica A Moldovei Method of measuring the impedance components
MD392Z (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-01-31 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD447Z (en) * 2011-03-10 2012-06-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance component
MD489Z (en) * 2011-06-09 2012-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD490Z (en) * 2011-07-05 2012-09-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the admittance components
MD591Z (en) * 2012-09-11 2013-08-31 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measurement of impedance component
MD628Z (en) * 2012-11-23 2013-11-30 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD662Z (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-02-28 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the impedance components
MD752Z (en) * 2013-07-24 2014-10-31 Технический университет Молдовы Method for measuring the resistance, inductance or capacitance of the two-terminal network

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107966613A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-04-27 国家电网公司 Special phase commutator and commutation method for transformer DC resistance tester
CN107966613B (en) * 2017-12-26 2020-02-07 国家电网公司 Special phase converter for transformer direct-current resistance tester and phase conversion method

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