MD566Z - Process for cultivation of apricot plants - Google Patents

Process for cultivation of apricot plants Download PDF

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MD566Z
MD566Z MDS20120071A MDS20120071A MD566Z MD 566 Z MD566 Z MD 566Z MD S20120071 A MDS20120071 A MD S20120071A MD S20120071 A MDS20120071 A MD S20120071A MD 566 Z MD566 Z MD 566Z
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plants
apricot
linaroside
treatment
cultivation
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Георге ШИШКАНУ
Нина ТИТОВА
Раиса МАЛИНА
Наталия МАЩЕНКО
Павел КИНТЯ
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Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы
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Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, particularly to fruit growing, namely to a process for cultivation of apricot plants.The process, according to the invention, comprises the above-ground treatment of apricot plants in the intensive vegetative growth period with 0.01% aqueous solution of 5, 4'-dimethylcampherol 3-O-β-D-(6´´-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside, obtained from plantsof Linaria vulgaris Mill. by extraction with ethanol and butanol and chromatographic separation, at the same time the treatment is carried out with a total consumption of 0.15…0.20 L/plant.The result is to activate the metabolic and photosynthesis processes in the leaves.

Description

Invenţia se referă la agricultură, în special la pomicultură, şi anume la un procedeu de cultivare a plantelor de cais. The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to fruit growing, namely to a process for cultivating apricot plants.

Este cunoscut un procedeu de cultivare a plantelor pomicole, care include tratarea acestora în perioada creşterii vegetative intense cu soluţie apoasă de glicozidă steroidică Moldstim [1]. A process for cultivating fruit plants is known, which includes treating them during the period of intense vegetative growth with an aqueous solution of the steroid glycoside Moldstim [1].

Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în eficacitatea scăzută. The disadvantage of this process is its low efficiency.

Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă constă în optimizarea productivităţii fotosintetice, rezistenţei la secetă şi în sporirea recoltei la plantele de cais. The problem solved by the proposed invention consists in optimizing photosynthetic productivity, drought resistance and increasing the yield of apricot plants.

Procedeul de cultivare a plantelor de cais include tratarea extraradiculară a plantelor de cais în perioada creşterii vegetative intensive cu soluţie apoasă de 0,01% de 5, 4 ́-dimetilcamferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-ramnopiranozil)-glucopiranozidă, obţinută din plante de Linaria vulgaris Mill. prin extragere cu etanol şi butanol şi separare cromatografică, totodată tratarea se efectuează cu un consum total de 0,15…0,20 L/plantă. The apricot plant cultivation process includes extra-radicular treatment of apricot plants during the period of intensive vegetative growth with a 0.01% aqueous solution of 5, 4 ́-dimethylkaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside, obtained from Linaria vulgaris Mill. plants by extraction with ethanol and butanol and chromatographic separation, at the same time the treatment is carried out with a total consumption of 0.15…0.20 L/plant.

Glicozida se obţine din Linaria vulgaris Mill. şi are structura chimică determinată prin diferite metode spectroscopice: 5, 4 ́-dimetilcamferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-ramnopiranozil)-glucopiranozidă, (GLYCOSIDES FROM LINARIA VULGARE MILL. Natalia Mashcenko, Pavel Kintia, Angela Gurev, Alexandra Marchenko, Carla Bassarello, Sonia Piacente, Cosimo Pizza//Chemistry J. of Moldova, 2008, t.3, № 2, p. 98-100), în continuare fiind numită Linarozidă. Linarozida este de provenienţă naturală, ieftină şi accesibilă. The glycoside is obtained from Linaria vulgaris Mill. and has the chemical structure determined by various spectroscopic methods: 5, 4 ́-dimethylkaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside, (GLYCOSIDES FROM LINARIA VULGARE MILL. Natalia Mashcenko, Pavel Kintia, Angela Gurev, Alexandra Marchenko, Carla Bassarello, Sonia Piacente, Cosimo Pizza//Chemistry J. of Moldova, 2008, t.3, № 2, p. 98-100), hereinafter referred to as Linaroside. Linaroside is of natural origin, cheap and accessible.

Rezultatul constă în activarea proceselor metabolice şi de fotosinteză în frunze. The result is the activation of metabolic and photosynthetic processes in the leaves.

Rezultatul se datorează faptului că sunt stimulate procesele de creştere şi dezvoltare a aparatului foliar, ce contribuie la acumularea biomasei organelor, optimizarea intensităţii şi a productivităţii fotosintetice ce asigură sporirea considerabilă a recoltei. The result is due to the fact that the growth and development processes of the leaf apparatus are stimulated, which contributes to the accumulation of organ biomass, the optimization of photosynthetic intensity and productivity, which ensures a considerable increase in the harvest.

Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention

Experienţele au fost efectuate în lizimetrele complexului căsuţei vegetale a Institutului de Genetică şi Fiziologie a Pantelor al AŞM în condiţii controlate în perioada anilor 2010-2011 cu plante de cais soiul Kostiujenskii (portaltoi cais MVA), vârsta 4 ani. În faza creşterii intensive în lunile mai-iunie o parte din plante au fost tratate cu 0,01% de soluţie apoasă 5, 4 ́-dimetilcamferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-ramnopiranozil)-glucopiranozidă, (Linarozidă). Modul de pregătire a soluţiei: 10 mg Linarozidă au fost dizolvate în 100 ml de apă. Pentru comparaţie în acelaşi timp alte plante au fost tratate cu 0,025% soluţie apoasă de Moldstim (cea mai apropiată soluţie). În calitate de martor au servit plantele tratate cu apă. Experienţele au fost montate în 3 repetări, fiecare incluzând câte 7…10 plante. The experiments were carried out in the lysimeters of the vegetable house complex of the Institute of Genetics and Physiology of Slopes of the Academy of Sciences under controlled conditions during the years 2010-2011 with apricot plants of the Kostiujenskii variety (apricot rootstock MVA), age 4 years. During the intensive growth phase in May-June, some of the plants were treated with 0.01% aqueous solution of 5, 4 ́-dimethylkaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside, (Linaroside). Solution preparation method: 10 mg Linaroside were dissolved in 100 ml of water. For comparison, at the same time, other plants were treated with 0.025% aqueous solution of Moldstim (the closest solution). Plants treated with water served as a control. The experiments were set up in 3 replicates, each including 7…10 plants.

Peste 10…15 zile după tratare şi pe parcursul vegetaţiei plantelor au fost determinaţi următorii parametri: After 10…15 days after treatment and during the vegetation of the plants, the following parameters were determined:

- intensitatea fotosintezei şi a respiraţiei cu aparatul RTM - 48A (Балаур Н.С., Воронцов В.А., Клейман Э.И., Тон Ю.Д. Физиология растений. Новая технология многокомпонентного мониторинга CO2 -обмена у растений. 2009, т. 56, с. 466-470); - the intensity of photosynthesis and respiration with the apparatus RTM - 48A (Balaur N.S., Vorontsov V.A., Kleiman E.I., Ton Yu.D. Физиология растений. Новая технология многокомпентного мониторинга CO2 -обмена у растений. 2009, т. 56, с. 466-470);

- indicii calitativi şi cantitativi ai pigmenţilor asimilatori în frunze prin metoda spectrofotometrică (Шлык А.А. Биохимические методы в физиологии растений. Определение хлорофиллов и каротиноидов в экстрактах зеленых листьев. Москва, Наука, 1977, с. 154-163); - qualitative and quantitative indices of the assimilatory pigments in the leaves by the spectrophotometric method (Shlyk A.A. Биохимические методы в физиолии растение. Одерение хлорофиллов и каротеноидов в экрастах зеленых листьев. Москва, Наука, 1977, с. 154-163);

- indicii calitativi şi cantitativi ai recoltei plantelor studiate. - qualitative and quantitative indices of the harvest of the studied plants.

Rezultatele obţinute interpretate statistic cu folosirea criteriului Student (t - test) autenticitatea deosebirilor este egală sau mai mare de 95%, P≥0,05. The results obtained were statistically interpreted using the Student criterion (t-test) and the authenticity of the differences was equal to or greater than 95%, P≥0.05.

A fost evidenţiată sensibilitatea înaltă a plantelor de cais în perioada iniţierii fructificării la acţiunea Linarozidei. Aceasta s-a manifestat prin activizarea intensităţii fotosintezei, respiraţiei şi a transpiraţiei în frunzele plantelor tratate conform invenţiei în comparaţie cu martorul şi cea mai apropiată soluţie. Datele obţinute au demonstrat (tab. l) că tratarea plantelor de cais cu soluţie apoasă 0,01% de Linarozidă a sporit în mare măsură intensitatea fotosintezei şi constituie: la martor - 2,30; în variantele cu Moldstim (cea mai apropiată soluţie) şi Linarozidă (invenţie) corespunzător 2,47 şi 5,79 µmol CO2·m-2·s-1. Fotosinteza, respiraţia şi transpiraţia în iunie vizează toate plantele şi reflectă în mod egal şi în mod clar schimbările de temperatură, lumină şi umiditate relativă. La sfârşitul lunii iunie, în perioada cea mai aridă diferenţele dintre variante au fost mai esenţiale. The high sensitivity of apricot plants during the period of fruiting initiation to the action of Linaroside was highlighted. This was manifested by the activation of the intensity of photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration in the leaves of plants treated according to the invention in comparison with the control and the closest solution. The data obtained demonstrated (tab. l) that the treatment of apricot plants with an aqueous solution of 0.01% Linaroside greatly increased the intensity of photosynthesis and is: in the control - 2.30; in the variants with Moldstim (the closest solution) and Linaroside (invention) correspondingly 2.47 and 5.79 µmol CO2·m-2·s-1. Photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration in June concern all plants and equally and clearly reflect changes in temperature, light and relative humidity. At the end of June, in the driest period, the differences between the variants were more essential.

Tabelul 1 Table 1

Influenta glicozidei steroidice Linarozidă asupra intensităţii fotosintezei plantelor de cais s. Kostiujenskii (µmol CO2·m-2·s-1) Influence of the steroidal glycoside Linaroside on the intensity of photosynthesis of apricot plants s. Kostiujenskii (µmol CO2·m-2·s-1)

Indicii/ Varianta Martor Moldstim Linarozidă Intensitatea fotosintezei, µmol CO2·m-2·s-1 2,30 2,47 5,79 Raportul fotosinteză : respiraţie 1,32 2,04 2,45Indices/ Variant Control Moldstim Linaroside Photosynthesis intensity, µmol CO2·m-2·s-1 2.30 2.47 5.79 Photosynthesis: respiration ratio 1.32 2.04 2.45

Tratarea plantelor de cais cu Linarozidă măreşte raportul intensităţii fotosintezei şi respiraţiei la întuneric (tab. l), ce contribuie la acumularea produselor fotosintetice în frunze şi asigură o productivitate mai mare a plantelor. De exemplu, suma carbohidraţilor în frunze la martor este de 1,47% în masa uscată, la varianta cu Moldstim şi cu Linarozidă - 1,94 şi, corespunzător, 2,59%. Treatment of apricot plants with Linaroside increases the intensity ratio of photosynthesis and respiration in the dark (tab. l), which contributes to the accumulation of photosynthetic products in the leaves and ensures higher plant productivity. For example, the amount of carbohydrates in the leaves in the control is 1.47% in dry mass, in the variant with Moldstim and Linaroside - 1.94 and, correspondingly, 2.59%.

Este cunoscut că starea fondului de pigmenţi este un factor important în realizarea funcţiei fotosintetice la plante şi serveşte ca indicator al reacţiei rapide la acţiunea factorilor exogeni. Rezultatele analizei acumulării pigmenţilor asimilatori confirmă acţiunea stimulatoare a tratării propuse asupra sintezei clorofilei şi carotenoizilor, ce contribuie la optimizarea fotosintezei (tab. 2). It is known that the state of the pigment fund is an important factor in the realization of the photosynthetic function in plants and serves as an indicator of the rapid reaction to the action of exogenous factors. The results of the analysis of the accumulation of assimilatory pigments confirm the stimulating action of the proposed treatment on the synthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids, which contributes to the optimization of photosynthesis (tab. 2).

Tabelul 2 Table 2

Influenta glicozidei steroidice Linarozidă asupra conţinutului pigmenţilor în frunzele plantelor de cais s. Kostiujenskii (mg·dm-2) Influence of the steroidal glycoside Linaroside on the pigment content in the leaves of apricot plants s. Kostiujenskii (mg·dm-2)

Variante/Indicii Clorofila Carotenoizi Raportul a b a + b a/b a+b car. 9 iunie Martor 2,93 0,76 3,69 1,15 3,85 3,26 Moldstim 2,94 0,75 3,69 1,21 3,92 3,05 Linarozidă 3,18 0,87 4,05 1,26 3,65 3,21 1 iulie Martor 3,38 0,90 4,28 1,45 3,75 2,58 Moldstim 3,37 0,87 4,24 1,35 3,87 3,14 Linarozidă 4,04 1,10 5,14 1,52 3,67 3,38 19 iulie Martor 2,98 0,78 3,76 1,23 3,82 3,05 Moldstim 3,35 0,88 4,23 1,40 3,81 3,02 Linarozidă 3,63 1,00 4,63 1,42 3,63 3,17Variants/Indications Chlorophyll Carotenoids Ratio a b a + b a/b a+b car. June 9 Control 2.93 0.76 3.69 1.15 3.85 3.26 Moldstim 2.94 0.75 3.69 1.21 3.92 3.05 Linaroside 3.18 0.87 4.05 1.26 3.65 3.21 July 1 Control 3.38 0.90 4.28 1.45 3.75 2.58 Moldstim 3.37 0.87 4.24 1.35 3.87 3.14 Linaroside 4.04 1.10 5.14 1.52 3.67 3.38 July 19 Control 2.98 0.78 3.76 1.23 3.82 3.05 Moldstim 3.35 0.88 4.23 1.40 3.81 3.02 Linaroside 3.63 1.00 4.63 1.42 3.63 3.17

Datele prezentate arată efectul stimulator al Linarozidei asupra acumulării pigmenţilor verzi şi galbeni în frunzele plantelor de cais. În termen de 10 zile de la stropire (9 iunie), cantitatea de pigmenţi a crescut cu 9…10% fată de martor. Determinările din luna iulie, în perioada de creştere activă şi maturare a fructelor, au demonstrat o influentă mai accentuată. The presented data show the stimulating effect of Linaroside on the accumulation of green and yellow pigments in the leaves of apricot plants. Within 10 days after spraying (June 9), the amount of pigments increased by 9…10% compared to the control. Determinations in July, during the period of active growth and fruit ripening, demonstrated a more pronounced influence.

Recolta plantelor în mare măsură este determinată de fondul de asimilare. S-a constatat că tratarea aparatului foliar cu preparatul Moldstim, utilizat în cea mai apropiată soluţie, şi mai ales cu Linarozidă măreşte masa fructelor şi producţia totală la o plantă cu 7% şi, respectiv, 29%. Deci soluţia de Linarozidă a fost cu 20% mai eficientă decât cea de Moldstim (tab. 3). The yield of plants is largely determined by the assimilation fund. It was found that treating the foliar apparatus with the preparation Moldstim, used in the closest solution, and especially with Linaroside increases the mass of fruits and the total production of a plant by 7% and, respectively, 29%. So the Linaroside solution was 20% more effective than the Moldstim one (tab. 3).

Tabelul 3 Table 3

Influenta glicozidei steroidice Linarozidă asupra masei unui fruct şi recolei la plantele de cais s. Kostiujenskii Influence of the steroidal glycoside Linaroside on fruit mass and yield in apricot plants in Kostiujenskii village

Varianta Martor Moldstim Linarozidă Masa unui fruct, g 48,4 51,6 62,3 Recoltă pe o plantă, % către martor 100 107 129Variant Control Moldstim Linaroside Weight of one fruit, g 48.4 51.6 62.3 Yield per plant, % to control 100 107 129

În urma cercetărilor efectuate putem concluziona că tratarea plantelor conform procedeului propus activează procesele fotosintetice şi metabolice, ce contribuie la realizarea mai deplină a potenţialului fotosintetic al plantelor şi, respectiv, la sporirea recoltei. În baza rezultatelor obţinute procedeul propus poate fi recomandat ca un procedeu eficient în sporirea activităţii fotosintetice şi a productivităţii plantelor de cais. As a result of the research conducted, we can conclude that treating plants according to the proposed procedure activates photosynthetic and metabolic processes, which contributes to a fuller realization of the photosynthetic potential of plants and, respectively, to increasing the harvest. Based on the results obtained, the proposed procedure can be recommended as an effective procedure for increasing the photosynthetic activity and productivity of apricot plants.

1. Шишкану Г., Титова Н., Пынтя М. Действие молдстима на рост и фотосинтез растений абрикоса. Cercetări în pomicultură, Institutul de pomicultură, Chişinău 2007, p. 222-225 1. Shishkanu G., Titova N., Pyntya M. Effect of mold growth and photosynthesis of apricot plants. Research in fruit growing, Institute of fruit growing, Chisinau 2007, p. 222-225

Claims (1)

Procedeu de cultivare a plantelor de cais, care include tratarea extraradiculară a plantelor de cais în perioada creşterii vegetative intensive cu soluţie apoasă de 0,01% de 5,4 ́-dimetilcamferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-ramnopiranozil)-glucopiranozidă, obţinută din plante de Linaria vulgaris Mill. prin extragere cu etanol şi butanol şi separare cromatografică, totodată tratarea se efectuează cu un consum total de 0,15…0,20 L/plantă.Process for cultivating apricot plants, which includes extra-radicular treatment of apricot plants during the period of intensive vegetative growth with an aqueous solution of 0.01% of 5,4 ́-dimethylkaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6 ́ ́-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside, obtained from plants of Linaria vulgaris Mill. by extraction with ethanol and butanol and chromatographic separation, at the same time the treatment is carried out with a total consumption of 0.15…0.20 L/plant.
MDS20120071A 2012-05-07 2012-05-07 Process for cultivation of apricot plants MD566Z (en)

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Cited By (1)

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RU2788115C1 (en) * 2022-02-22 2023-01-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Южно-Уральский ГАУ) Generative method for laying industrial apricot plantations

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MD844Z (en) * 2014-05-07 2015-07-31 Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы Process for growing tobacco plants
MD893Z (en) * 2014-10-08 2015-11-30 Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы Process for presowing treatment of onion seeds
MD1012Z (en) * 2015-09-09 2016-10-31 Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы Process for treatment of grape-vine

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