LV14899B - Building element with changeable properties of heat insulation as well as heat and moisture accumulation - Google Patents
Building element with changeable properties of heat insulation as well as heat and moisture accumulation Download PDFInfo
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- LV14899B LV14899B LVP-13-17A LV130017A LV14899B LV 14899 B LV14899 B LV 14899B LV 130017 A LV130017 A LV 130017A LV 14899 B LV14899 B LV 14899B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
- E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
- E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Izgudrojuma aprakstsDescription of the Invention
Izgudrojums attiecas uz blokveida vai citas formas celtniecības elementiem, konkrēti, uz celtniecības mūra elementiem ar maināmām būvfizikālajām siltuma izolācijas, kā arī siltuma un mitruma akumulācijas īpašībām, kas paredzēti uzdotā telpas mikroklimata nodrošināšanai dinamiskos ekspluatācijas režīmos ar minimālu energoresursu patēriņu.The present invention relates to building blocks of block or other shape, in particular to building masonry units with variable building-physical thermal insulation as well as heat and moisture accumulation properties intended to provide a set room microclimate in dynamic operating modes with minimal energy consumption.
Zināmais tehnikas līmenisKnown state of the art
Jau labu laiku ir zināmi celtniecības bloki - ķieģeļi, kas satur ar siltumizolējošo materiālu aizpildītus dobumus (DE3100642, FR2192226, DE2719860, GB2255117). Šo bloku siltumizolējošās īpašības ir daudz labākas nekā tradicionālajiem caurumotajiem ķieģeļiem.Building blocks, which contain cavities filled with heat insulating material (DE3100642, FR2192226, DE2719860, GB2255117), have been known for some time. These blocks have much better thermal insulation properties than traditional perforated bricks.
Ir zināms bloks, kas satur dobumus, kuri ir daļēji vai pilnībā aizpildīti ar ūdensnecaurlaidīgu minerālas izcelsmes spilvenformas vati (DE10058463). Zināmā bloka galvenais trūkums ir tas, ka tā konstrukcija nevar nodrošināt līdzvērtīgu mūra sienas konstrukcijas nestspēju, jo šo mūra elementu dobumu laukums no kopējā bloka laukuma ir par 40 % lielāks. Tas būtiski pārsniedz EN 1996-1-1 noteiktos ierobežojumus, kas nozīmē, ka no šiem keramikas blokiem nedrīkst būvēt nesošas norobežojošas konstrukcijas, piemērojot EN 1996-1-1 eirokodeksa būvnormas. Turklāt zināmo bloku nevar efektīvi pielietot kopā ar fāžu pārejas materiālu - siltumizolējošā materiāla izvietojums zināmajā blokā ir simetrisks gan norobežojošās konstrukcijas ārējā, gan uz telpu vērstajā daļā.A block containing cavities partially or completely filled with waterproof mineral wool pads is known (DE10058463). The main disadvantage of the known block is that its construction cannot provide equivalent load-bearing capacity of masonry wall construction, because the cavity area of these masonry elements is 40% larger than the total block area. This goes well beyond the limits set out in EN 1996-1-1, which means that these ceramic blocks may not be built into load-bearing enclosures, in accordance with the EN 1996-1-1 Eurocode building codes. In addition, the known block cannot be effectively used in combination with phase transition material - the insulating material is positioned symmetrically in the known block both in the exterior and in the room-facing part of the enclosure.
Ir zināms celtniecības bloks, kas satur vairākas iekšējās zonas ar atšķirīgu struktūru un/vai sastāvu (DE 19741282). Dažas no zināmā bloka zonām satur dobumus, kas ir aizpildīti ar keramikas putām. Minētās zonas ir paralēlas bloka sānu sienām, kas ir pielāgotas apmetuma kārtas turēšanai. Minētā bloka galvenais trūkums ir tas, ka bloks nenodrošina līdzvērtīgu mūra sienas konstrukcijas nestspēju, jo šo bloku elementu konstrukcija paredz dobumu elementa centrā, kas aizņem aptuveni 1/3 jeb laukumu, kurš ir > 30 % no kopējā bloka laukuma. Tas arī pārsniedz EN 1996-1-1 noteiktos ierobežojumus. Otrkārt, zināmais bloks nevar nodrošināt līdzvērtīgu efektivitāti telpas mikroklimata stabilizācijai sakarā ar to, ka siltumizolējošā materiāla izvietojums ir simetrisks gan norobežojošās konstrukcijas ārējā, gan uz telpu vērstajā daļā. Uz telpu vērstās daļas dobumus arī nav paredzēts pildīt ar fāzu pārejas materiālu.A building block comprising several interior zones of different structure and / or composition is known (DE 19741282). Some zones in the known block contain cavities filled with ceramic foam. These zones are parallel to the side walls of the block, which are adapted to hold the plaster layer. The main disadvantage of this block is that the block does not provide equivalent load-bearing capacity of the masonry wall structure, since the elements of these blocks are designed with a cavity in the center of the element occupying about 1/3 or an area> 30% of the total block area. It also exceeds the limits set by EN 1996-1-1. Secondly, the known unit cannot provide equivalent efficiency for the stabilization of the microclimate of the room due to the symmetrical arrangement of the insulating material in both the outer and the interior part of the enclosing structure. The space-facing part of the cavity is also not intended to be filled with phase transition material.
Ir zināms celtniecības bloks (DE202005000723 Ul), kas satur divas daļas. Abās daļās ir izveidoti caurejoši dobumi, kas ir paredzēti siltumizolācijas materiāla ievietošanai tajos. Pirmās daļas dobumiem ir lielāks šķērsgriezuma laukums nekā otras daļas dobumiem, turklāt pirmās daļas dobumu šķērsgriezuma laukuma attiecība pret otrās daļas dobumu šķērsgriezuma laukumu ir mazāka par desmit, vēlams, mazāka par pieci. Savukārt bloka otrās daļas dobumu sieniņu kopējais biezums ir 1,5-2,5 reizes lielāks par bloka pirmās daļas dobumu sieniņu kopējo biezumu. Šī bloka galvenais trūkums ir tas, ka bloka sieniņu biezums ir vienāds gan liela, gan maza šķērsgriezuma dobumiem un to izvietojuma vektori attiecībā pret keramikas elementa simetrijas asīm nenodrošina pastiprinātu mūra konstrukcijas noturību pret tangenciālās ļodzes deformācijām, jo neparedz atbilstošu sieniņas biezuma palielinājumu tangenciālās ļodzes pielikšanas virzienā. Turklāt, ja dobumu šķērsgriezuma laukumi tik būtiski atšķiras (1,5-2,5 reizes), tad, formējot bloku, veidojas struktūras robežvirsmas starp materiāla plūsmām ar būtiski atšķirīgiem ātrumiem un spiedieniem. Uz šo plūsmu robežvirsmas pēc formēšanas procesa pabeigšanas, kad tiek pārtraukts formēšanas spiediens, sākas spiediena izraisīto spriegumu atšķirību izlīdzināšanās process, kas uz šo plūsmu robežvirsmām rada paliekošas deformācijas. Tālākajos tehnoloģiskajos žāvēšanas un apdedzināšanas procesos šīs deformācijas pastiprinās, keramikas sieniņās veidojas plaisas, kas vai nu sagrauj izstrādājumu, vai arī būtiski samazina tā izturību.A building block (DE202005000723 Ul) containing two parts is known. Both sections have penetrating cavities for insulating the insulating material. The first part cavities have a larger cross-sectional area than the second part cavities, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first part cavities to the second part cavities is less than ten, preferably less than five. The total thickness of the cavity walls of the second part of the block is 1.5-2.5 times greater than the total thickness of the cavity walls of the first part of the block. The main disadvantage of this block is that the block wall thicknesses are the same for both large and small cross-sectional cavities and their placement vectors relative to the symmetry axes of the ceramic element do not provide increased resistance of masonry structure to tangential shear deformation. . In addition, if the cross-sectional areas of the cavities are so significantly different (1.5-2.5 times), structural boundaries between material flows with substantially different velocities and pressures are formed when the block is formed. At the boundary of these streams, after completion of the molding process, when the molding pressure is interrupted, a process of equalization of pressure-induced stress differences begins, which causes permanent deformation at the boundaries of these streams. Further technological drying and firing processes exacerbate these deformations, forming cracks in the ceramic walls that either destroy the product or significantly reduce its durability.
Celtniecības jomā izmanto arī fāžu pārejas materiālus, kas satur vielas ar augstu kušanas entalpiju; vielas, kas spēj uzglabāt un atbrīvot lielu enerģijas daudzumu un kas ārējo faktoru ietekmē (piemēram, apkārtējās vides temperatūras izmaiņu rezultātā) maina fāzes, piemēram, pārejot no cieta agregātstāvokļa šķidrā vai otrādi. Tādā veidā tiek absorbēts vai emitēts siltums (C. Castellon et.al. „Use of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials in Building Applications”. ASHRAE, 2007).In the field of construction, phase transition materials containing substances with a high melting enthalpy are also used; substances that are capable of storing and liberating large amounts of energy and which, due to external factors (eg changes in ambient temperature), change phases, for example, from solid to liquid or vice versa. In this way heat is absorbed or emitted (C. Castellon et al., Use of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials in Building Applications. ASHRAE, 2007).
Ir zināms celtniecības bloks (CN101196067), kas satur četras sieniņas, vienai no kurām ir izliekta forma, bet tai paralēlajai sieniņai ir ieliekta forma. Blokā ir izveidoti trīs dobumi, kas savā starpā ir atdalīti ar bloka iekšējām sieniņām. Viens bloka dobums ir pielāgots tā piepildīšanai ar fāžu pārejas materiālu, bet divi pārējie - ar siltumizolējošo materiālu. Bloks ir aprīkots ar paceļamu vāku, kas ir pielāgots bloka fāžu pārejas materiāla dobuma augšdaļas nosegšanai. Bloka sieniņās, kas veido fāžu pārejas materiāla dobumu, ir izveidotas pastiprinošās ribas, kas ir pielāgotas minētā paceļamā vāka turēšanai. Bloka augšdaļas centrā ir grope, kas sakrīt ar bloka centrālo garenasi; attiecīgas gropes ir arī bloka ieliektajā sieniņā un izliektajā sieniņā, un tās sakrīt ar šo sieniņu vertikālo simetrijas asi. Minētās gropes ir pielāgotas stiegrojuma ievietošanai tajās. Bloka galvenais trūkums ir tas, ka viens liels dobums, kas ir pielāgots tā piepildīšanai ar fāžu pārejas materiālu, nenodrošina fāžu pārejas materiāla efektīvu izmantošanu. Pirmkārt, materiāla biezā slāņa dēļ no šā materiāla nākošais siltums ir grūtāk pievadāms telpām un aizvadāms no telpām. Fāžu pārejas materiāla ietekme uz telpas mikroklimatu ir būtiski atkarīga no reakcijas ātruma. Fāžu pārejas materiāla liels biezums būtiski samazina reakcijas ātrumu. Otrkārt, biezs fāžu pārejas materiāla slānis nosaka daudz augstākas ražošanas izmaksas. Treškārt, ar laiku gravitācijas spēku ietekmē fāžu pārejas materiāls sablīvējas, rezultātā lielā dobuma augšpusē izveidojas relatīvi liels tukšums, kurš samazina celtniecības bloka siltumapmaiņas un mikroklimata stabilizēšanas īpašības.A building block (CN101196067) is known, which has four walls, one of which has a convex shape, while its parallel wall has a concave shape. The block has three cavities separated by internal walls of the block. One block cavity is adapted to be filled with phase transition material and the other two with heat insulating material. The unit is equipped with a lifting lid adapted to cover the top of the block phase transition material cavity. The block walls forming the cavity of the phase transition material are provided with reinforcing ribs adapted to hold said lifting lid. In the center of the block top is a groove that coincides with the block's longitudinal axis; the corresponding grooves are also present in the concave and convex wall of the block and coincide with the vertical axis of symmetry of these walls. The said grooves are adapted for insertion of reinforcement therein. The main disadvantage of the block is that one large cavity, which is adapted to be filled with phase transition material, does not ensure efficient use of the phase transition material. First of all, due to the thick layer of the material, the heat from this material is more difficult to transport to and from the premises. The effect of the phase transition material on the microclimate of the room is significantly dependent on the reaction rate. The high thickness of the phase transition material significantly reduces the reaction rate. Second, the thick layer of phase transition material results in much higher production costs. Third, over time, gravity forces the phase transition material to compact, resulting in a relatively large void at the top of the large cavity, which reduces the heat exchange and microclimate stabilization properties of the building block.
Izgudrojuma mērķis un būtībaPurpose and substance of the invention
Izgudrojuma mērķis ir novērst iepriekšējā līmeņa risinājumu trūkumus un piedāvāt celtniecības bloku, kas ir paredzēts uzdotā telpas mikroklimata nodrošināšanai dinamiskos ekspluatācijas režīmos ar minimālu energoresursu patēriņu.The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art solutions and to provide a building block which is intended to provide a set room microclimate in dynamic operating modes with minimal energy consumption.
Izvirzītais mērķis ir sasniegts ar piedāvāto celtniecības mūra elementa konstrukciju, kur mūra elements satur divas daļas: daļu A un daļu B, kur daļa A ietver elementa ārējo sieniņu, vairākus dobumus, kas ir pielāgoti pildīšanai ar siltuma izolācijas materiālu, dobumu sieniņas, kas ir perpendikulāras siltuma plūsmas virzienam, un dobumu sieniņas, kas ir paralēlas siltuma plūsmas virzienam; daļa B ietver vairākus dobumus, kas ir pielāgoti pildīšanai ar fāžu pārejas materiālu; daļas A dobumu šķērsgriezuma laukums ir lielāks nekā daļas B dobumiem, turklāt daļas B dobumu šķērsgriezuma forma ir tāda, kuras perimetrs ir lielāks nekā tādas pašas šķērsgriezuma platības taisnstūra perimetrs, turklāt mūra elementa sieniņu materiāla tilpums daļās A un B ir robežās no 45 līdz 70 % no dobumu tilpuma, bet mūra elementa materiāla un dobumu tilpumu attiecība katrā no daļām Α, B ir robežās no 1 līdz 10 %, labāk, no 4 līdz 6 %.The object is achieved by the proposed construction of a building masonry element, wherein the masonry element comprises two parts: part A and part B, where part A comprises the outer wall of the element, several cavities adapted to be filled with heat insulating material, cavity walls which are perpendicular the direction of the heat flow and the walls of the cavities parallel to the direction of the heat flow; part B comprises a plurality of cavities adapted to be filled with phase transition material; the cross-sectional area of the cavities of part A is larger than that of the cavities of part B, and the cavity of the cavity of part B is larger than the perimeter of the rectangle of the same cross-sectional area; of the volume of the cavities, but the ratio of the material of the masonry unit to the volume of the cavities in each part Α, B is in the range of 1 to 10%, preferably 4 to 6%.
Izgudrojuma detalizēts izklāstsDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Celtniecības mūra elementa viens no izpausmes variantiem ir paradīts Fig. 1, kas ir mūra elementa garengriezums. Mūra elementa daļa A ir paredzēta izvietošanai ēkas sienas daļā, kas ir vērsta uz ēkas ārpusi, bet daļa B - uz ēkas iekšpusi vērstajā daļā. Elementa daļaOne embodiment of the building masonry element is shown in Figs. 1, which is a longitudinal section of a masonry unit. Part A of the masonry unit is intended to be located on the outside of the building wall and part B on the inside of the building. Part of an element
A satur elementa ārējo sieniņu (1). Elementa daļā A ir izveidoti dobumi (2), bet daļā B dobumi (6). Dobumi (2) un (6) ir asimetriski un, vēlams, caurejoši.A contains the outer wall of the element (1). The cavity (2) is formed in part A and cavities (6) in part B. The cavities (2) and (6) are asymmetrical and preferably permeable.
Dobumi (2) ir atdalīti cits no cita ar sieniņām (3) un (4). Sieniņas (3) ir perpendikulāras siltuma plūsmas virzienam, bet sieniņas (4) ir paralēlas siltuma plūsmas virzienam. Saskaņā ar labāku izgudrojuma izpausmi, elements satur divas vai vairāk dobumu (2) paralēlas rindas (piemēram, kā parādīts Fig. 1), labāk no trīs līdz septiņām rindām. Turklāt dobumu (2) vēlamais savstarpējais izvietojums elementa daļā A šahveida.The cavities (2) are separated from each other by walls (3) and (4). The walls (3) are perpendicular to the direction of heat flow and the walls (4) are parallel to the direction of heat flow. According to a better embodiment of the invention, the element comprises two or more parallel rows of cavities (2) (for example as shown in Fig. 1), preferably three to seven rows. In addition, the desired mutual arrangement of the cavities (2) in the element part A is chess-like.
Dobumiem (2) ir lielāks šķērsgriezums nekā dobumiem (6). Dobumi (6) ir atdalīti cits no cita ar sieniņām (5). Saskaņā ar labāku izgudrojuma izpausmi, elements satur trīs vai vairāk dobumu (6) paralēlas rindas (piemēram, kā parādīts Fig. 1), labāk no četrām līdz piecpadsmit rindām. Dobumu (2) vēlamais savstarpējais izvietojums elementa daļā B šahveida.The cavities (2) have a larger cross-section than the cavities (6). The cavities (6) are separated from each other by walls (5). According to a better embodiment of the invention, the element comprises three or more rows of parallel cavities (6) (for example, as shown in Fig. 1), preferably four to fifteen rows. The desired mutual placement of the cavities (2) in the element part B is chess-like.
Daļas A dobumi ir pielāgoti pildīšanai ar siltuma izolācijas materiālu (piemēram, stikla vai akmens vati, ekovati, sintētisko putu materiāliem - putu polistirolu, poliuretānu vai poliamīda putām, vai ģeopolimēra putām ar zemu tilpuma svaru). Daļas B dobumi ir pielāgoti pildīšanai ar pildmateriālu, kurš satur fāžu pārejas materiāla nesēju un fāžu pārejas materiāla granulas. Par fāžu pārejas materiāla nesēju var kalpot, piemēram, sasmalcināta šķiedra, gan minerālas izcelsmes - akmens vai stikla vates šķiedra, gan augu valsts izcelsmes šķiedra - kaņepju vai linu spaļi, ekovate. Minētais fāžu pārejas materiāls tiek izvēlēts ar mērķi sasniegt lielāku fāžu pārejas termālā efekta intervālu.Part A cavities are adapted to be filled with heat-insulating material (eg glass or rock wool, eco-wool, synthetic foam materials - polystyrene foam, polyurethane or polyamide foam, or low volume geopolymer foam). Part B cavities are adapted to be filled with filler material comprising phase transition carrier and phase transition material granules. The carrier for the phase transition material may be, for example, crushed fiber, mineral fiber - rock or glass wool fiber, or vegetable fiber - hemp or flax spatula, eco - wool. The said phase transition material is selected with the aim of achieving a greater thermal effect interval of the phase transition.
Ja mūra elementu paredzēts pielietot telpām, kurās ir jāstabilizē mitruma saturs (izstāžu galerijas, muzeji, bibliotēkas) - priekšroka dodama higroskopiskām šķiedrām (ekovate, kaņepju šķiedra, koka vate, ģeopolimēra pildījums, ģipša java). Ja telpām prioritāri ir jāstabilizē temperatūra un tām nav nepieciešama mitruma stabilizācija, tad priekšroka dodama minerālām šķiedrām un materiāliem, kam nav izteiktu higroskopisku īpašību (akmens vai stikla vates šķiedras blīvējums, ātri cietējoša cementa java vai organiski polimēri). Par fāžu pārejas materiālu var lietot arī ģeopolimēra minerālās putas. Šajā gadījumā putas var būt ar augstāku tilpuma svaru nekā putas, kuras paredzētas uz ārsienu vērstās bloka daļas pildījumam.If the masonry element is to be used in rooms where moisture content has to be stabilized (exhibition galleries, museums, libraries) - hygroscopic fibers (ecowool, hemp fiber, wood wool, geopolymer filling, gypsum mortar) are preferred. If the premises need to be temperature stabilized as a matter of priority and do not require moisture stabilization, mineral fibers and materials which have no pronounced hygroscopic properties (rock or glass wool fiber sealing, fast setting cement mortar or organic polymers) are preferred. Geopolymeric mineral foam can also be used as phase transition material. In this case, the foam may have a higher volume weight than the foam intended for filling the block facing the outer wall.
Elementa A un B daļas dobumu sadalījums un pildījums tiek variēts atkarībā no telpas projektētās energoefektivitātes, siltuma un mitruma izmaiņu intensitātes un telpas mikroklimata plānotā komforta kategorijas līmeņa.The distribution and filling of the part A and B cavities of the element is varied depending on the designed energy efficiency of the room, the intensity of heat and humidity changes and the planned comfort category level of the microclimate of the room.
Telpām ar augstām energoefektivitātes prasībām prevalē palielināts ārējā siltumizolējošā slāņa biezums. Telpām ar paaugstinātiem mikroklimata kritērijiem prevalē iekšējā telpas siltuma un mitruma akumulējošā un stabilizējošā slāņa biezums.For rooms with high energy efficiency requirements, the increased thickness of the outer insulation layer prevails. For premises with elevated microclimate criteria, the thickness of the accumulating and stabilizing layer of the indoor space is predominant.
Piedāvātais mūra elements var būt keramisks. Keramiskā elementa sieniņu materiāla tilpumu attiecība bloka daļās A un B ir līdzvērtīga un svārstās robežās no 45 līdz 70 % no dobumu tilpuma, turklāt pieļaujamās dobumu tilpuma daļas atšķirības daļās A un B nepārsniedz 10 %, labāk, ja nepārsniedz 5 %. Tas nodrošina iespēju formēt elementus ar ekstrūzijas paņēmienu no mālu un izdegošo piedevu masas, izmantojot tradicionālo būvkeramikas uzņēmumu tehnisko aprīkojumu.The offered masonry element can be ceramic. The volume ratio of ceramic element wall material in the parts A and B of the block is equivalent and ranges from 45 to 70% of the volume of the cavities, with the permissible difference in volume of the cavity parts A and B not exceeding 10%, preferably not exceeding 5%. This enables the extrusion of elements from the mass of clay and scorched additives using the technical equipment of traditional building ceramics companies.
Mūra elementa A daļas dobumu (2) palielinātais šķērsgriezuma laukums ļauj tajos ievietot siltumizolējošo materiālu ar mazāku sablīvējuma pakāpi. Šim nolūkam var tikt pielietoti gan siltumizolējošā materiāla iepriekš sagatavoti atbilstoša izmēra serdeņi, ievietojot tos dobumos (2) pēc serdeņa iestumšanas tehnoloģijas, gan siltumizolējošā materiāla šķiedras gabali ar atbilstoša izmēra garumu, iepildot tos dobumos (2) (piemēram, veicot sasmalcinātu šķiedru iepildīšanu dobumos (2) uz vibrokonveijera ar rotējošu suku palīdzību).The increased cross-sectional area of the masonry element A cavities (2) allows insulating material with a lower degree of compaction. For this purpose, both preformed cores of appropriate size by insertion into the cavities (2) of the insulating material can be used for this purpose, or pieces of fibrous insulation material of appropriate size may be filled into the cavities (2) (e.g. 2) on a vibrating conveyor with rotating brushes).
Saskaņā ar izgudrojuma labāko izpausmes variantu, mūra elementa A daļas dobumiem (2) šķērsgriezumā ir taisnstūra forma, turklāt taisnstūra garākās malas izvietojuma ass ir paralēla sienas plāna griezuma asij, bet mazākās taisnstūra dobuma (2) malas garums ir 1/2 no dobuma (2) garākās malas garuma. Šāda konstrukcija nodrošina iespējamo aukstuma tiltu pārtraukšanu, kā arī ekonomiskas priekšrocības siltumizolējošā materiāla unificētu izmēru serdeņu sagatavošanā sakarā ar iespēju pielietot mazā atvēruma aizpildīšanai vienu serdeni, bet lielā atvēruma aizpildīšanai attiecīgi divus serdeņus.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cavities (2) of the masonry element part A have a rectangular cross-section, the longitudinal axis of the rectangle being parallel to the plan of the wall and the smaller rectangular cavity (2) ) the longest edge length. Such a design provides for the possible termination of cold bridges, as well as the economic advantage of the preparation of uniformly sized cores of the heat insulating material due to the possibility of using one core for filling the small opening and two cores respectively for filling the large opening.
Vēlamais mūra elementa A daļas dobumu sieniņu (3) un (4) biezums ir > 3 mm, labāk > 5 mm, bet elementa ārējās sieniņas (1) biezums ir > 5, labāk > 8 mm. Dobumu (2) sieniņu (4) biezums paralēli siltuma plūsmas virzienam ir no 0,3 līdz 1, labāk 0,5, no dobumu (2) sieniņas (3) biezuma perpendikulāri siltuma plūsmas virzienam. Šī nosacījuma ievērošana nodrošina elementa statiskās slodzes izturību pret ļodzes deformācijām un nodrošina elementa atbilstību EN 1996-1-1, 3.1. tabulā „Geometrical requirements for Grouping of Masonry Units „ 2. un 3. grupas keramikas mūra elementiem izvirzītajām „Eurocode 6 - Design of masonry structures -1-1.daļas” uzrādītajām prasībām.The desired thickness of the cavity walls (3) and (4) of the masonry unit part A is> 3 mm, preferably> 5 mm, while the thickness of the outer wall (1) of the element is> 5, preferably> 8 mm. The thickness of the walls (4) of the cavities (2) parallel to the direction of the heat flow is 0.3 to 1, preferably 0.5, of the thickness of the wall (3) of the cavities (2) perpendicular to the direction of the heat flow. Compliance with this condition ensures the resistance of the element to static loads against the deformation of the gauge and ensures compliance of the element with EN 1996-1-1, 3.1. the requirements of Eurocode 6 - Part -1-1 for masonry units in the Geometrical Requirements for Grouping Masonry Units table.
Mūra elementa B daļas dobumu (6) samazinātais šķērsgriezuma laukums ļauj tajos izvietot fāžu pārejas materiālu ar augstāku sablīvējuma pakāpi. Šim nolūkam var tikt pielietoti gan no fāžu pārejas materiāla mikrogranulām un javas saistvielas materiāla sagatavota ātri cietējoša pasta (piemēram, ģipša, ātri cietējoša cementa, ātri cietējoša organiska polimēra vai ģeopolimēra materiāla), gan fāžu pārejas materiāla mikrogranulu maisījums ar minerālas vai organiskas izcelsmes sasmalcinātu šķiedru (stikla vai akmens vate, kaņepju šķiedra, koksnes un ekovate, sintētiskās šķiedras ar šķiedras garumu < 4 mm; bloka atverēs sasmalcinātu šķiedru var iepildīt uz vibrokonveijera ar rotējošu suku palīdzību). Šī nosacījuma ievērošana nodrošina efektīvu fāžu pārejas materiāla siltumapmaiņas procesu realizāciju telpas siltuma akumulācijā vai emisijā.The reduced cross-sectional area of the masonry element B cavities (6) allows for the placement of phase transition material with a higher degree of compaction. For this purpose, a mixture of both a fast transition paste (e.g. gypsum, a fast setting cement, a fast setting organic polymer or geopolymer material) and a phase transition micro-granulate with a crushed fiber of mineral or organic origin may be used. (glass or rock wool, hemp fiber, wood and eco-wool, synthetic fibers with a fiber length <4 mm; crushed fiber can be filled into the block openings by means of a rotary brush). Compliance with this condition ensures efficient implementation of the phase transition material heat exchange processes in space heat accumulation or emission.
Vēlamā elementa B daļas dobumu (6) šķērsgriezuma forma ir trapecveida vai rombveida - ar palielinātu virsmas laukumu uz tilpuma vienību.The part B cavities (6) of the desired element have a trapezoidal or rhombic cross-sectional shape, with an increased surface area per unit volume.
Par fāžu pārejas materiālu var pielietot zināmās fāžu pārejas materiālu mikrokapsulas, piemēram: Basf SE Micronal DS 5008 X (polymer dispersions for construction): Rubitherm Technologies GmbH Rubitherm SP 25 A8; Microtek Laboratories, Inc. MPCM 24, 24D, MPCM 18D; RGEES LLC, savEnrg PCM 21P.Known phase transition material microcapsules may be used as the phase transition material, for example: Rubitherm Technologies GmbH Rubitherm SP 25 A8 (Polymer dispersions for construction); Microtek Laboratories, Inc. MPCM 24, 24D, MPCM 18D; RGEES LLC, savEnrg PCM 21P.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LVP-13-17A LV14899B (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Building element with changeable properties of heat insulation as well as heat and moisture accumulation |
| EP13173542.5A EP2762651A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-06-25 | A masonry unit with variable physico-constructional heat insulation, and heat and moisture accumulation properties |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LVP-13-17A LV14899B (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Building element with changeable properties of heat insulation as well as heat and moisture accumulation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LV14899A LV14899A (en) | 2014-08-20 |
| LV14899B true LV14899B (en) | 2014-12-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| LVP-13-17A LV14899B (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Building element with changeable properties of heat insulation as well as heat and moisture accumulation |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP2762651A1 (en) |
| LV (1) | LV14899B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104563328B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-05-03 | 甘肃天鸿金运置业有限公司 | Composite building anti-seismic hollow brick wall |
| CN109990472B (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2024-03-15 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Inner container for phase-change water heater and phase-change water heater with same |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2192226A1 (en) | 1972-07-11 | 1974-02-08 | Debrock Marcel | Hollow building blocks with insulated cavities - lined with IR reflecting lining and foam filled |
| DE2719860A1 (en) | 1977-05-04 | 1978-11-09 | Johann Dr Vielberth | Heat and sound insulated cavity type wall brick - has smaller cavities near edges and wiper ones further spaced |
| ATA23180A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1981-07-15 | Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag | HOLLOW BLOCK |
| DE3532590A1 (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1987-03-19 | Fritz N Musil | WALLSTONE |
| GB9108592D0 (en) | 1991-04-22 | 1991-06-05 | Hepworth Building Prod | Building block |
| DE19741282A1 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1999-04-08 | Diha Schneider Gmbh | Building brick |
| DE10034341C2 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2002-01-10 | Xaver Winklmann Ziegelwerk Roe | Brick with insulation material inserted in the perforated chamber |
| DE10058463A1 (en) | 2000-11-24 | 2002-05-29 | Stefan Geyer | Brick has cavities which are partially or completely filled with mineral wool which is water-repellent and present in the cavities in cushion form |
| DE202005000723U1 (en) | 2005-01-17 | 2006-05-24 | Schlagmann Baustoffwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat insulating bricks has boring with first area and second area whereby ratio of cross-sectional area of through-opening in second area and through-opening in first area is less than ten |
| DE202007006972U1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-07-26 | Unipor-Ziegel-Marketing Gmbh | Wall brick for thermal insulation wall has insulating region contains at least one channel extending between the impact sides |
| CN100564755C (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-12-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of light phase transition heat preserving wall building block |
| DE102009045329B4 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2015-12-31 | Denise Graul | Perforated brick |
| CN102535730A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2012-07-04 | 安徽工业大学 | Building block compositely filled with phase change material and thermal insulation material |
-
2013
- 2013-02-05 LV LVP-13-17A patent/LV14899B/en unknown
- 2013-06-25 EP EP13173542.5A patent/EP2762651A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2762651A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
| LV14899A (en) | 2014-08-20 |
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