LU82547A1 - IMPROVEMENT ON WHEELED VEHICLES - Google Patents
IMPROVEMENT ON WHEELED VEHICLES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- LU82547A1 LU82547A1 LU82547A LU82547A LU82547A1 LU 82547 A1 LU82547 A1 LU 82547A1 LU 82547 A LU82547 A LU 82547A LU 82547 A LU82547 A LU 82547A LU 82547 A1 LU82547 A1 LU 82547A1
- Authority
- LU
- Luxembourg
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle according
- hydraulic motors
- hydraulic
- vehicle
- motors
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150096058 Erfe gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D11/00—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
- B62D11/02—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides
- B62D11/06—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source
- B62D11/10—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin-differential or epicyclic gears
- B62D11/14—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin-differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source
- B62D11/18—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin-differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source the additional power supply being supplied hydraulically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/10—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of fluid gearing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/14—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
- B62D21/18—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted characterised by the vehicle type and not provided for in groups B62D21/02 - B62D21/17
Description
* BL-2884/EM/BM* BL-2884 / EM / BM
* Demande de brevet .* Patent application.
de 2.5.....j uin. 1.9.8 0.of 2.5 ..... j uin. 1.9.8 0.
Désignation de l’inventeur (1) Le soussigné...............Ernest MEYERS, Incr. cons. en propr » ind.,..................................Designation of the inventor (1) The undersigned ............... Ernest MEYERS, Incr. cons. own », ..................................
......................................................46..........rue., .du.. Cimetière ^...........Lux.ernb.Qu.rg.............................................................................................. .... 46 .......... rue., .Du .. Cemetery ^ ........... Lux.ernb.Qu.rg ........ ....................................
agissant en qualité — de mandataire du déposant — (2) .la...soc-,-di-te.......HAINAU-T-SAM-BRE-S -.A»...................................................................................................acting as - agent of the depositor - (2) .la ... soc -, - di-te ....... HAINAU-T-SAM-BRE-S -.A »...... .................................................. ...........................................
......................................................6.09.0.......Çouil.le.tj,.......Belgique................................................................................................................................ .... 6.09.0 ....... Çouil.le.tj, ....... Belgium ...................... .................................................. ......
(3) de l’invention concernant : ...........,,.P.erfe.c.fc.lQnneinen.t...a.ux....v.éhi.c.ules....sur...x.oues.".................................................................(3) of the invention relating to: ........... ,,. P.erfe.c.fc.lQnneinen.t ... a.ux .... v.éhi.c. ules .... on ... x.oues. ".................................... .............................
désigné comme inventeur(s) : 1. Nom et prénoms ......HALLEZ...Michel......................................................................................................................designated as inventor (s): 1. Name and first names ...... HALLEZ ... Michel ........................... .................................................. .........................................
Adresse .....................rue...de. .l.'.Usine. 1# 6090 Couille.t.,. Belgique.........Address ..................... street ... of. .factory. 1 # 6090 Couille.t.,. Belgium.........
2. Nom et prénoms ........................................................................................................................................................................2. Surname and first names ............................................. .................................................. .................................................. .......................
Adresse .............................................................................................................................................................................................Address ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ........................................
3. Nom et prénoms ...........................................................................................................................................;..........................3. Surname and first names ............................................. .................................................. ............................................; ..... .....................
Adresse .........................................................................................................................................................................................Address ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....................................
ii affirme la sincérité des indications susmentionnées et déclare en assumer l'entière responsabilité.He affirms the sincerity of the above-mentioned indications and declares to assume full responsibility for them.
Luxembourg , le 27 juin............. 19.8.0..Luxembourg, June 27 ............. 19.8.0 ..
raÿëï^^E$euBii«3Âaaa| _____raÿëï ^^ E $ euBii «3Âaaa | _____
Le préposé. .. , / l' ....... ................................................................................The attendant. .., / l ....... ..................................... ...........................................
...----- (signature) A 630 26_ (3) Nom, prénoms, firme, adresse....----- (signature) A 630 26_ (3) Last name, first names, firm, address.
I η. · jf Λ tI η. Jf Λ t
BL-2884/EM/BMBL-2884 / EM / BM
| Γ- Revendication de la priorité d'une demande |! ^ de brevet déposée en Belgique le 27 juin 1979 ~~ sous le No 877.321| Γ- Claiming the priority of a request |! ^ Patent filed in Belgium on June 27, 1979 ~~ under No 877.321
JJ
; M /; M /
I BREVET D' INVENTIONI PATENT OF INVENTION
Perfectionnement aux véhicules sur rouesImprovement to wheeled vehicles
La société dite HAINAUT-SAMBRE S. A.The company known as HAINAUT-SAMBRE S. A.
6090 Couillet Belgique6090 Couillet Belgium
: I: I
i/’" - i -i / ’" - i -
Perfectionnement aux véhicules sur roues L'invention se rapporte à un véhicule sur roues pourvu de dispositifs de transmission de puissance aux roues 5 motrices.Improvement to vehicles on wheels The invention relates to a vehicle on wheels provided with power transmission devices to the 5-wheel drive.
Dans le véhicule conforme à l'invention, les ensembles formés par les roues situées de chaque côté du véhicule sont indépendants l'un de l'autre; cette disposition est utile pour assurer la direction du véhicule par une 10 action individualisée sur chacun de ces ensembles; par contre, les roues d'un même ensemble sont avantageusement dépendantes l'une de l'autre pour que le véhicule puisse se déplacer sur tous terrains.In the vehicle according to the invention, the assemblies formed by the wheels located on each side of the vehicle are independent of each other; this arrangement is useful for steering the vehicle by individualized action on each of these assemblies; on the other hand, the wheels of the same assembly are advantageously dependent on each other so that the vehicle can move on all terrains.
On connaît déjà des véhicules du genre pourvus 15 de transmissions hydrostatiques; dans ce cas, un moteur principal entraîne deux pompes hydrauliques qui alimentent chacune un moteur hydraulique commandant l'ensemble des roues situées d'un même côté. L'asservissement des roues d'un ensemble est réalisé par une transmission mécanique, 20 par exemple une chaîne.Vehicles of this type are already known which are provided with hydrostatic transmissions; in this case, a main motor drives two hydraulic pumps which each supply a hydraulic motor controlling all of the wheels located on the same side. The control of the wheels of an assembly is achieved by a mechanical transmission, for example a chain.
Cet asservissement mécanique provoque les inconvénients bien connus inhérents à cette technique : d'une part un entretien et un réglage fréquents, d'autre part un encombrement important pour assurer une fiabilité correcte. 25 La présente invention a pour objet un véhicule pourvu d'un dispositif assurant la motricité des roues et l'asservissement des roues situées d'un même côté par des moyens essentiellement hydrauliques. Par moyens essentiel-This mechanical control causes the well-known drawbacks inherent in this technique: on the one hand frequent maintenance and adjustment, on the other hand a large size to ensure correct reliability. The present invention relates to a vehicle provided with a device ensuring the drive of the wheels and the control of the wheels located on the same side by essentially hydraulic means. By essential means-
Ilement hydrauliques, on entend des moyens qui n'ont pas re-j 30 cours à la transmission mécanique.Hydraulic means means means which do not re-occur during mechanical transmission.
Un tel dispositif présente, par rapport à ceux comportant une transmission mécanique, l’avantage d'une simplicité plus grande, d'une robustesse plus élevée et d'un entretien moins astreignant, donc d'une efficacité accrue.Compared to those comprising a mechanical transmission, such a device has the advantage of greater simplicity, higher robustness and less demanding maintenance, and therefore increased efficiency.
35 En conséquence, le véhicule sur roues, objet de l'invention, est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte autant de moteurs hydrauliques qu'il y a de roues motrices et en ce r / que chaque roue est individuellement mue par son moteur hy-'7> draulique.35 Consequently, the wheeled vehicle which is the subject of the invention is characterized in that it comprises as many hydraulic motors as there are drive wheels and in that each wheel is driven individually by its hy engine. -'7> hydraulics.
! - 2 - L'invention est aussi caractérisée en ce que les moteurs hydrauliques attaquent les roues motrices du véhicule dans le rapport 1/1.! - 2 - The invention is also characterized in that the hydraulic motors attack the driving wheels of the vehicle in the ratio 1/1.
Une variante de 1'invention prévoit que les mo- 5 teurs hydrauliques attaquent les roues motrices du véhicule par 1'intervention de réducteurs incorporés dans le moyeu des roues.A variant of the invention provides that the hydraulic motors attack the drive wheels of the vehicle by the intervention of reducers incorporated in the wheel hub.
Une autre variante de l'invention prévoit que les moteurs hydrauliques sont à couple élevé et tournent à 10 faible vitesse.Another variant of the invention provides that the hydraulic motors are of high torque and rotate at low speed.
. Suivant une autre variante de l'invention, le véhi cule comporte des moteurs-roues hydrauliques, équipés éventuellement de dispositifs de freinage.. According to another variant of the invention, the vehicle comprises hydraulic wheel motors, optionally fitted with braking devices.
Suivant encore une variante de l'invention, le 15 véhicule comporte des moyens permettant d'inverser l'alimentation des moteurs hydrauliques.According to yet another variant of the invention, the vehicle comprises means making it possible to reverse the supply to the hydraulic motors.
Dans une variante avantageuse de l'invention, les roues motrices situées d'un même côté du véhicule sont hydrauliquement reliées entre elles, de façon à constituer 20 des ensembles.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the drive wheels situated on the same side of the vehicle are hydraulically connected together, so as to constitute assemblies.
Egalement suivant l'invention, le véhicule est équipé de moyens qui permettent de réguler indépendamment l'alimentation en série de chaque ensemble de moteurs hydrauliques .Also according to the invention, the vehicle is equipped with means which make it possible to independently regulate the series supply of each set of hydraulic motors.
25 Suivant une première modalité de l'invention, des moyens permettent de réguler indépendamment l'alimentation en série de chaque ensemble de moteurs hydrauliques alimentés par une seule pompe hydraulique.According to a first embodiment of the invention, means make it possible to independently regulate the series supply of each set of hydraulic motors supplied by a single hydraulic pump.
Suivant une deuxième modalité de l'invention, cha-’ 30 que ensemble de moteurs hydrauliques est pourvu de sa pro pre pompe hydraulique.According to a second embodiment of the invention, each hydraulic motor assembly is provided with its own hydraulic pump.
Toujours suivant l'invention, un by-pass assure . une liaison secondaire entre les alimentations en série des ensembles de moteurs hydrauliques pour garantir la sécurité 35 du système en cas de surpression.Still according to the invention, a bypass ensures. a secondary link between the series power supplies of the hydraulic motor assemblies to guarantee the safety of the system in the event of overpressure.
Le schéma suivant, donné à titre d'exemple non : limitatif et non à l'échelle, permet de se rendre compte /·' ! comment on peut concevoir une modalité de 1 ' invention : _ Le moteur principal MP, fixé au châssis du véhi- - 3 - f cule, entraîne deux pompes hydrauliques à débit variable PI et P2 situées sur le même axe a.The following diagram, given by way of example not: limiting and not to scale, allows to realize / · '! how a mode of the invention can be conceived: The main motor MP, fixed to the chassis of the vehicle, drives two hydraulic pumps with variable flow PI and P2 situated on the same axis a.
Les pompes hydrauliques PI et P2 alimentent en série respectivement les moteurs hydrauliques latéraux Ml, 5 M2 et M3, M4.The hydraulic pumps PI and P2 supply the lateral hydraulic motors Ml, 5 M2 and M3, M4 respectively.
Chacun de ces moteurs assure la motricité d'une roue qui n'est pas représentée sur le schéma.Each of these motors provides traction for a wheel which is not shown in the diagram.
Le schéma donné à titre d'exemple concerne un véhicule d'un type bien connu de chargeur sur quatre pneu-10 matiques, cependant l'invention est applicable à tous les » types de véhicules quel qu'en soit le nombre de roues.The diagram given by way of example relates to a vehicle of a well-known type of loader on four dyed tires, however the invention is applicable to all types of vehicle regardless of the number of wheels.
Des moyens d'inversion, Ll et L2, de l'alimentation des moteurs hydrauliques par les pompes hydrauliques permettent d'inverser les sens de rotation Ml - M2, d'une 15 part, et M3 - M4 d'autre part.Inversion means, L1 and L2, of the supply to the hydraulic motors by the hydraulic pumps make it possible to reverse the directions of rotation Ml - M2, on the one hand, and M3 - M4 on the other hand.
Un by-pass BP assure une liaison secondaire entre 1'alimentation en série des moteurs hydrauliques Ml et M2 et l'alimentation en série des moteurs hydrauliques M3 et M4 pour garantir la sécurité du système en cas de surpres-20 sion.A BP bypass provides a secondary link between the series supply of the hydraulic motors M1 and M2 and the series supply of the hydraulic motors M3 and M4 to guarantee the safety of the system in the event of over-pressure.
Le véhicule suivant l'invention peut être équipé, ! t | comme il est d'usage dans cette technique, par un circuit de décharge DC, un filtre F, un radiateur de refroidissement Rl et une pompe PO de recyclage de débits de fuite 25 aspirant le fluide dans le réservoir R2.The vehicle according to the invention can be equipped,! t | as is customary in this technique, by a discharge circuit DC, a filter F, a cooling radiator Rl and a pump PO for recycling leakage rates 25 sucking the fluid in the reservoir R2.
Le nouveau dispositif ci-dessus présente les avantages suivants : 1) suppression de la transmission mécanique et, par conséquent, de ses inconvénients soit : présence de ’ 30 tringleries, graissage de la chaîne et surveillance de son « allongement, examen de son usure, réglage de son tendeur, bris de chaînes; « 2) diminution de la fréquence et de la durée des entretiens de maintenance du système de transmission de 35 puissance; du fait que les organes mobiles de ce nouveau système entièrement hydraulique sont constamment lubrifiés, I ces entretiens se limitent à un changement périodique du ' fluide de lubrification et à une vérification de l'état des r ^ tuyauteries et raccords; a 3) meilleure résistance du dispositif aux éléments extérieurs; 4) augmentation de la robustesse à l'emploi; 5) réduction de l'encombrement du système de trans-5 mission, ce qui permet d'améliorer la garde au sol du véhicule et d'accroître l'espace disponible pour l'habitacle de son conducteur.The above new device has the following advantages: 1) elimination of mechanical transmission and, consequently, of its drawbacks, namely: presence of 30 linkages, lubrication of the chain and monitoring of its "lengthening, examination of its wear, adjusting its tensioner, breaking chains; "2) decrease in the frequency and duration of maintenance meetings for the power transmission system; the fact that the moving parts of this new fully hydraulic system are constantly lubricated, I these interviews are limited to a periodic change of the lubrication fluid and a check of the state of the pipes and fittings; a 3) better resistance of the device to external elements; 4) increased robustness in use; 5) reduction in the size of the trans-5 mission system, which improves the vehicle's ground clearance and increases the space available for its driver's cabin.
JJ
* * s* * s
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE877321 | 1979-06-27 | ||
| BE877321 | 1979-06-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LU82547A1 true LU82547A1 (en) | 1980-10-24 |
Family
ID=3861781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU82547A LU82547A1 (en) | 1979-06-27 | 1980-06-25 | IMPROVEMENT ON WHEELED VEHICLES |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE877321A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1132056A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3023749A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES492840A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2459738B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2058300B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1188882B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU82547A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8003604A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT71397A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI75308C (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1988-06-09 | Ky Carlson Project Kb | HYDROSTATISKT DRIVSYSTEM. |
| CH667848A5 (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1988-11-15 | Leo Stahl Ag | DRIVE FOR A VEHICLE. |
| FR2664553B1 (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1995-07-07 | Pierre Francois Guy | ADAPTATION TO A MACHINE MOUSED BY A HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION OF A STEERING CONTROL SYSTEM BY SWIVELING THE ROCKETS OR BY LATERAL LOCKING OF THE WHEELS TO THE DRIVER'S WHEEL. |
| GB2246844A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-02-12 | Glowreach Limited | Vehicle with auxiliary drive system |
| JP3963050B2 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2007-08-22 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Hydraulic drive device for industrial four-wheel drive vehicle and industrial four-wheel drive vehicle |
| US6179072B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-01-30 | Deere & Company | Supplemental charge for hydrostatic steering system |
| DE10356155B4 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2006-06-14 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Hydrostatic drive system with pump-side hydraulic fluid volume division |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1140469B (en) * | 1961-01-11 | 1962-11-29 | Max Adolf Mueller Dipl Ing | Hydrostatic single drive for heavy all-terrain vehicles, especially earthmoving machines, construction equipment and recovery vehicles |
| DE1780721A1 (en) * | 1968-07-27 | 1977-04-14 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | ARRANGEMENT FOR TRANSMISSION OF POWER FROM THE DRIVE UNITS OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| FR2036637A5 (en) * | 1969-03-26 | 1970-12-24 | Schwermasch Nobas Veb | |
| DE1922399A1 (en) * | 1969-05-02 | 1970-11-12 | Koedel & Boehm Gmbh | All-terrain, especially agricultural, self-propelled vehicle with hydraulic drive |
-
1979
- 1979-06-27 BE BE5/5203A patent/BE877321A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1980
- 1980-06-16 PT PT71397A patent/PT71397A/en unknown
- 1980-06-23 NL NL8003604A patent/NL8003604A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-06-24 GB GB8020586A patent/GB2058300B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-24 FR FR8015019A patent/FR2459738B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-25 DE DE19803023749 patent/DE3023749A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-06-25 IT IT67989/80A patent/IT1188882B/en active
- 1980-06-25 LU LU82547A patent/LU82547A1/en unknown
- 1980-06-25 CA CA354,756A patent/CA1132056A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-26 ES ES492840A patent/ES492840A0/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT71397A (en) | 1980-07-01 |
| IT8067989A0 (en) | 1980-06-25 |
| CA1132056A (en) | 1982-09-21 |
| GB2058300A (en) | 1981-04-08 |
| ES8102018A1 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| IT1188882B (en) | 1988-01-28 |
| GB2058300B (en) | 1983-02-16 |
| DE3023749A1 (en) | 1981-01-22 |
| ES492840A0 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| FR2459738B1 (en) | 1987-04-30 |
| FR2459738A1 (en) | 1981-01-16 |
| NL8003604A (en) | 1980-12-30 |
| BE877321A (en) | 1979-12-27 |
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