LU82474A1 - CONCRETE FLOOR CONSTRUCTION ISOLATED ON THE BOTTOM AND ITS USED ELEMENTS OF INSULATION MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

- 1 -

description

The invention relates to a concrete floor construction consisting of mutually spaced mutually parallel inverted T-beams, made of elements made of insulating material, which are supported by the legs running in the horizontal direction from each other - opposite T-beams and which the underside of the T - Cover the beams at least partially, and form a permanent formwork between the T-beams, and get the pouring of concrete over the T-beams and the formwork elements from a floor surface.

In such a known concrete floor construction, the part of the insulating elements which forms the permanent formwork is designed as a part which curves slightly upwards, with a width such that it can rest on the legs of the T-beams while it is directly next to the T-bar is provided with downwardly projecting parts for insulation of the vertical sides of the legs of the T-bar. A horizontal part then runs outwards from one of the parts projecting downwards in relation to the element and this part takes care of the insulation of the lower horizontal surface of the inverted T-beam. After the T-bars have been placed in their place, the insulating elements are pushed diagonally downwards between the bars in such a way that the laterally protruding leg of the insulating element comes first to lie under the T-bars, after which the insulating element takes its place can be tilted.

The laterally protruding lower leg of an insulating element must extend beyond the other edge of the T-beam in order to rest on the underside of the following insulating element, so that no thermal bridges arise.

- The laterally protruding parts of the elements are vulnerable to their transport and a complicated shape must be used for the production of the elements, because the cutting of such elements from solid material will result in too much material loss.

A disadvantage of such a construction is also that the underside of one of the two T-beams located next to a side wall will not be automatically covered by an insulating element of the type described above due to its asymmetrical shape. This lower surface of the T-beam will not be covered with insulating material unless this is done in a special separate way.

The production of such elements in molds has the disadvantage that the distance from center to center between the bars cannot be varied as desired, because a different element must be used for each distance.

In practice it turns out that such a shape of the elements made of insulating material brings with it restrictions with regard to the design of the concrete floor construction and that certain parts of the same still have to be provided with a separate insulation.

Another disadvantage of using the elements made of insulating material described above is that the arrangement can give rise to difficulties when using long T-beams, which have to be temporarily supported until the poured concrete floor has hardened. In the place of such support, the laterally protruding «-« _ 3 _

Legs of the insulating element must be cut out when arranging the element. After pouring the soil and hardening it, the supports will be removed and it is in principle desirable that the cut part of the insulating element. is replaced again so that no thermal bridge arises.

In connection with the required strength of the elements made of insulating material, the thickness of the elements at certain points must be considerably greater than is directly necessary for the desired insulating effect thereof. This leads to higher material usage • than is definitely necessary. Since the cycle time of a press line used for the production of such elements is proportional to the strength of the elements to be pressed, the production costs will be relatively high.

The invention now aims to provide a concrete floor construction which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and this is achieved in that the insulating elements on the one hand consist of U-shaped elements which grip around the ends of the mutually facing legs of the T-beams, and on the other hand consist essentially of plate-shaped elements which rest on the upper legs of the U-shaped elements.

Since the essentially plate-shaped elements are pressed firmly onto the upper legs of the U-shaped elements when pouring the concrete floor, there is almost no risk that seams remain open between the elements lying on top of one another. The danger of an open seam is only present under the T-beam, where the legs of the U-shaped elements lie against each other. However, this seam offers the possibility of temporarily supporting a T-beam «- 4 - ♦ until the concrete floor is poured and hardened.

In order to ensure that the legs of two U-shaped elements under the T-beams are pressed firmly against one another, it can be provided that. that the outer surface of at least the leg of the U-shaped element lying at the top in the arranged position is designed such that after the U-shaped element has been pushed onto the leg of the T-beam and has not yet been loaded, the outer surface of the free one End of the leg is lower than the other end of the leg. As a result, a tilting moment is exerted on the U-shaped element by the arranged plate-shaped element, as a result of which the lower leg of the U-shaped element is further pressed under the T-beam.

However, it is also possible to design the lower surface of the plate-shaped element at least over the part that comes to lie above the leg of the U-shaped element such that in the unloaded state the plate-shaped element only has a small part of the leg of the U-shaped element Element is in contact, namely from the part of the leg that abuts the web of the U-shaped element, such that a tilting moment is again exerted on the U-shaped element by the arranged plate-shaped element, whereby the lower leg of the U -shaped elements is also pressed under the T-bar.

Due to the resilient properties of the insulating material - the legs of two U-shaped elements will come to lie against each other if a narrow, intermediate support element for the relevant T-beam is subsequently removed.

In order to enable a quick arrangement of the elements made of insulating material and to prevent the "- 5 - U-shaped elements from being pushed onto the legs of the T-beams, the plate and U-shaped elements can be used Before they are arranged on the T-beams, they are connected to one another at least locally by a flexible material in such a way that the U-shaped elements arranged along both edges of a plate-shaped element can be pivoted to one another. The waste can take place around a line of contact furthest away from the free end of the leg of the U-shaped elements, but the pivoting can also be done in another way, in that the flexible material is partly not firmly attached to the insulating material * connects.

The arrangement of the flexible material can take place in the factory before the elements are transported to the construction site and at the construction site the U-shaped elements can be placed on the T-beams by tilting the U-shaped elements to a certain extent with respect to the plate of which they are articulated.

The width of the plate-shaped elements can be adapted to the center-to-center distance of the T-beams and the length of the legs of the U-shaped elements can also be adapted to the desired value, so that, for example, two T's lying directly next to one another -Beams on the underside can be completely covered with insulating material.

To obtain good protection of the insulating material against attack by it, for example by mice, if the floor is on the ground floor, the flexible material can extend over the entire lower surface of the elements in the arranged position thereof. A flexible material is in particular thought of, for example, a fire-retardant film.

In order to obtain good adhesion between the poured concrete floor and the T-beams, the upper edges of the plate-shaped element made of insulating material, which come to rest on the legs of the U-shaped elements, can be designed so that they spring back or are profiled, that additional concrete can be added along the edges of the top surface of the element.

According to a preferred embodiment, the elements made of insulating material are obtained by cutting them from a block of such a material. Due to the simple shape of the elements, they can be fitted into each other to a high degree, so that a minimum amount of waste is generated.

A particularly good fit of the elements in such a way that there is almost no waste can be obtained by cutting the U-shaped elements from the two longitudinal edges of a plate which is essentially rectangular in cross section, so that the web of each U-shaped element is then removed one side of the plate and the legs are formed from the top and bottom of the plate.

The U-shaped elements can be present on the plate during transport, so that a compact unit of the plate with the two U-shaped elements is maintained. At the construction site, the U-shaped elements are removed from the plate and placed on the beam, after which the plate is attached to the U-shaped elements.

The plate fait with a protruding part that is left between the cut-out legs of the U-shaped elements, such as between the U-shaped _ 7 _

Elements that the slab will not be able to move during the pouring of the concrete.

When cutting a number of plates with the associated U-shaped elements from a block, there will only be a small amount of waste if the middle part of the plate is shifted slightly perpendicular to its surface in such a way that a somewhat curved plate is obtained.

This allows the strength of the plate to be increased somewhat if this is desired in order to make the plate suitable for carrying a certain weight. In general, the plate must be in the arranged condition. Weight of a person walking over the slab, as may be the case during assembly of the slabs and before pouring the concrete. Furthermore, the plate can be better adapted to the locally desired thickness of the further part of the floor construction.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.

The drawing shows:

1 shows a section over a T-bar with U-elements made of insulating material attached to it, with a plate-shaped element resting on each of these elements which is not loaded;

1A shows a part of FIG. 1 but of a somewhat modified embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of two U-elements which are articulated to a plate-shaped element and are in relation to this element in a position during the arrangement of the elements on two adjacent T-beams; - 8th -

Fig. 2A shows a part of the elements of Fig. 2, the articulated connection being brought about in a somewhat different way; Fig. 3-6 cross-sections over different floor constructions, whereby U- and plate-shaped elements made of insulating material are used;

7 shows a cross section over a T-beam with a local and temporary support arranged underneath. m

8 shows a cross section over two adjacent T-beams with a local and temporary support arranged underneath;

9 is a view of two U-shaped elements with a plate-shaped element resting thereon;

FIG. 10 shows the elements of FIG. 9, but in the position as cut from a plate with a rectangular average and in which they are during the transport of the elements;

FIG. 11 is a view according to FIG. 9 but of a slightly modified embodiment of the plate-shaped element; and

FIG. 12 shows the manner in which a number of elements according to FIG. 11 are cut from a single block of insulation material.

T-beams 1 are used in the manufacture of a floor structure according to the present invention, see - 9 -

Fig. 1, on which U-elements 2 made of insulating material are pushed, which carry the plates 3 made of insulating material. As is apparent from Fig. 1, the upper leg 4 of a Ü element is chamfered, whereby a line of contact 5 between the U element 2 and the plate 3 is obtained. If the plate 3 is sufficiently loaded, a tilting moment will be exerted on the U-element in such a way that the lower legs 6 of the U-elements 2 are pressed towards each other in the direction of the cables P. This will keep the seam between the legs elastically closed.

1A shows the possibility of exerting a tilting moment on the U-element by attaching the bevel 3A to the underside of the plate 3. The upper leg 4 of the U-element then need not be beveled.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, a plate 3 can be combined together with two U-elements 2 to form a single element by the arrangement of a flexible material 7, which preferably extends over the entire outer surface of the elements, after the completion of the floor .

The flexible material 7 serves both to form articulation points between the U-elements 2 and the plate 3 and to cover the insulating material, so that it will be less exposed to adverse influences. It is of course also possible to first cover the entire underside of the plate 3 separately and also to cover the U-element 2 including the upper leg 4, after which the elements are then united by the local arrangement of a flexible material at the contact line 5 can be. The other surfaces of the elements can also be used with a flexible _ 10 "

Material, especially a fire-retardant film, be provided whereby a considerable stiffening of the elements is achieved. The arrangement of such a film does not cause any major difficulties due to the simple shape of the elements.

2A shows another possibility of arranging the flexible material 7 in such a way that the U-elements 2 can be pivoted so far during transport that a flat lower surface of the entire assembly is obtained.

3 shows a section over a floor construction, the T-beams 1, U-elements 2 and the plates 3 being used. The parts 2 and 3 are again made of insulating material and the concrete floor 8 is poured over the T-beams 1 and the plate 3.

As can be seen, the pressure exerted on the plate 3 by the concrete will ensure that the lower legs 6 of the U-elements 2 are pressed towards each other, whereby a complete closure of the seam between them is achieved.

Fig. 4 shows a construction in which the T-beams are obtained by starting from prefabricated beams 9 with a rectangular cross-section, so that the T-profile is formed only after the floor 8 has been poured.

One of the beams is located close to a wall and now a special U-element 10 with a lower leg 11 can be used, which has a length such that it comes to lie against the wall 12. This results in complete isolation of this edge beam as well. Furthermore, in this construction, all the beams are not equidistant from each other, but this can be done in a simple manner by making one plate narrower than the other.

FIG. 5 shows a floor construction in which two T-beams 1 are arranged close to one another so that a greater load can be exerted locally on the floor. To isolate the adjacent T-beams 1, a U-element 13 can now be used, the lower leg 14 of which is extended in such a way that it extends under the entire leg of the T-beam.

Finally, FIG. 6 shows a construction in which so-called "open T-beams" or "lattice girders" are used *. The reinforcement 16 ′ protrudes from the rectangular prefabricated beam 16, which is incorporated into the concrete when the floor 8 is poured.

As shown in Fig. 6, the floor can be made heavier locally, so that a greater load can be absorbed there. For this purpose, a U-element 17 can be used, the upper leg 18 of which is made thinner than that of the normal element. Due to the smaller distance from center to center of the T-beams, the slabs 20 can also have a smaller thickness, as a result of which the strength of the concrete floor above the slabs 20 is greater than where no great loads are exerted on the floor.

Fig. 7 shows the manner in which a T-beam 15 can be supported until after the concrete floor has been poured and hardened. For this purpose, a simple spacer 21 can be used between the T-beam 15 and an assembly support 22. The spacer member 21 can have a small thickness, so that after the same has been removed, the lower legs of the U-elements are closed again - one another spring in the manner as described above - * - 12 -. The spacing members 21 can thus be arranged at any desired location on a bar if they are only centrally below the bar.

FIG. 8 shows how a spacer 23 can be arranged to support two adjacent T-bars 15. The spacer 23 can e.g. be composed of two round rods standing at right angles to one another, so that when the spacer member is removed, it is only necessary to turn this member on the vertical leg, after which the horizontal leg between the U-elements can be pulled out. The legs of the U-elements then spring back to one another in the manner described above, so that no opening remains in the seam.

Very simple spacing elements can therefore be used which, firstly, do not pose any difficulties in the arrangement of the U elements made of insulating material on the T-beams and which can also be easily removed again after completion of the floor, without uninsulated parts of the T- Bars remain.

As can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10, both a substantially plate-shaped element 24 and two U-elements 25 can be cut from a plate insulation material with a rectangular cross section in such a way that there is almost no waste and that during transportation the Elements almost no harmful free space arises.

Fig. 10 shows the mated elements and Fig. 9 shows the manner in which the plate-shaped element 24 is placed on the elements 25, with part of the plate 24 sinking between the U-elements 25. This will keep the slab * * _ 13 _ 24 in place while the concrete is poured.

* Figs. 11 and 12 show a somewhat changed

Formation of FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 12 shows the manner in which a number of U-elements 25 and plates 26 are cut from a block of insulation material, the plate 26 taking on a somewhat curved shape. Nevertheless, only a small amount of waste arises during cutting, namely only the two strips 27 on the one side of the block and the strips 27 'on the other side. The somewhat curved shape of the plate 26 allows its thickness to be increased somewhat, but in particular it is possible to adapt the construction height of the floor and the thickness of the concrete located above the element 26 to the thickness is desired to achieve a certain load-bearing capacity of the floor that is finally obtained.

It will be clear that only a few possible embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and described above, because many changes can be made without going outside the scope of the invention.

For example, the upper leg 4 of the U-elements 2, which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, may not be beveled, but may be provided with an upwardly projecting part in the form of a block, for example at the point of the contact line 5. As a result, a tilting moment will also be practiced on the U-element by the plate 3 and the concrete poured onto it.

When "insulating elements" are mentioned above, elements made of foamed plastic such as polystyrene will be considered in the first instance, which material is already used for the known elements. This - 14 -

Material is particularly suitable for the production of ground floors, the underside of which does not need to be reworked.

When manufacturing floors or ceilings, the underside of which is clearly visible, the plate and U elements can also be made from other materials, such as wood, plaster and the like, so that a "beam ceiling" is obtained after further processing, if necessary how this is finding more and more input these days. Of course, the insulating value of elements made from such a material will be less than that. of elements made of foamed plastics,

Claims (13)

1. Concrete floor construction consisting of mutually parallel inverted T-bars, spaced from each other, made of elements made of insulating material, which are supported by the horizontally extending legs of opposite T-bars and the underside of the T-bars cover at least partially and form a permanent formwork between the T-beams, and obtained from a floor surface by pouring concrete over the T-beams and the formwork elements, characterized in that the insulating elements on the one hand from U-shaped elements ^ the um the ends of the mutually facing legs of the T-bars engage, and on the other hand consist of substantially plate-shaped elements which rest on the upper legs of the U-shaped elements. «T * * - 2 - 2. Concrete floor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of at least the leg of the U-shaped element lying in the attached position is formed such that after the U-shaped element has been pushed onto the leg of the T-beam and not yet is loaded, the outer surface at the free end of the leg is lower than at the other end of the leg, such that a tilting moment is exerted on the U-shaped element by the arranged plate-shaped element, whereby the lower leg of the U-shaped element is further below the T-bar is pressed. * 3. Concrete floor construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower surface of the plate-shaped element is formed at least over the part that comes to lie above the leg of the U-shaped element in such a way that in the unloaded state the plate-shaped element only has a small one Part of the leg of the U-shaped element is in contact, namely from the part of the leg that borders on the web of the U-shaped element, such that a tilting moment is exerted on the U-shaped element by the arranged plate-shaped element, whereby the lower leg of the U-shaped under element further / the T-beam is pressed. 4. Concrete floor construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate-shaped element and U-shaped element are connected to one another at least locally by a flexible material in such a way that they are arranged along both edges of a plate-shaped element before they are arranged on the T-beams U-shaped elements are pivotable to each other. 5. Concrete floor construction according to claim 4, characterized in that each U-shaped element is pivotable with respect to the plate-shaped element about a contact line which is furthest from the free t - 3 - end of the leg of the U-shaped element. 6. Concrete floor construction according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the flexible material extends over the entire lower surface of the elements in their arranged position. 7. Concrete floor construction according to claim 1, characterized in that of the plate-shaped element made of insulating material, the upper edges, which come to lie on the legs of the U-shaped elements, lie back or are profiled such that the edges of the upper surfaces of two adjacent elements come to lie at a greater distance from each other. 8. Concrete floor construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the U-shaped elements are cut from the two longitudinal edges of a plate which is substantially rectangular in cross-section in such a way that the web of each U-shaped element from one side of the plate and the legs from the top and bottom of the plate are formed. 9. Concrete floor construction according to claim 7, characterized in that the central part of the plate is displaced at right angles to its surface in such a way that a somewhat curved plate is obtained. 10. Concrete floor construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elements made of the insulating material are obtained by cutting them from a block of such a material. - 4 - « 11. U-shaped and plate-shaped element made of insulating material for use in concrete floor construction as described in one or more of the preceding claims. 12. Plate-shaped element made of insulating material, which is articulated along at least one longitudinal rancb ^ with a U-shaped element made of insulating material. 13. Concrete floor construction and elements made of insulating material used to produce a concrete floor construction as described and / or shown in the drawing. «