LU501273B1

LU501273B1 - Method for intercropping cotton with peanut

Info

Publication number: LU501273B1
Application number: LU501273A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Xiaojie Zhang; Weijiang Li; Hezhong Dong; Dongmei Zhang; Baojie Chi; Jianlong Dai
Original assignee: Shandong Acad Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-01-19
Filing date: 2022-01-19
Publication date: 2023-07-19

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a method for intercropping cotton with peanut. To improve yields of peanut and cotton within the unit planting area, the present disclosure provides a method for intercropping cotton with peanut. Six lines of peanut are intercropped every four lines of cotton, and there is a 30-50 cm interval zone between a cotton seeding zone and a peanut seeding zone. The cotton and the peanut are intercropped by the method provided by the present disclosure, so that specific yield of the peanut and cotton can be increased significantly: compared with single-crop cotton and peanut, average cotton yield increases by 10-15%, and average peanut yield increases by more than 5%; compared with intercropping patterns at other ratios, there is a most substantial increase in specific yields of the cotton and peanut under a condition that six lines of peanut are intercropped every four lines of cotton.

Description

BL-5378 1

METHOD FOR INTERCROPPING COTTON WITH PEANUT 001273

TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The present disclosure relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a method for 1ntercropping cotton with peanut.

BACKGROUND ART

[02] The Huanghe River Valley is an important planting area of cotton and peanut in China, in which traditional monoculture of cotton and peanut is mainly adopted and they are planted in one season per year.

[03] However, the pattern of monoculture of cotton and peanut in one season per year has the following defects: the cotton is planted in large and small lines at a density of around 3,000 plants per mu and subjected to intensive cultivation management throughout the growth period, including removal of vegetative shoots, topping off (the top of the main stem and the top of the leafy shoot), supernumerary bud picking, intertillage weeding, multiple crop protection and chemical control, and fractional cotton boll harvesting; however, there are the following disadvantages: intensive labor, heavy investment, low effectiveness, and serious outbreak of spoiled cotton bolls in rainy years. Monoculture and continuous cropping of peanut easily leads to a range of issues, including soil nutritional deficiency, decreased nutrient uptake, worsened diseases and insect pests, and decreased yield and quality, and continuous cropping obstacle is very prominent.

[04] Intercropping is an intensive stereo planting pattern. Because of limited cultivated land resource and reducing land for agricultural planting, improvement of land use capability is demanded. Interplanting between crops is a prevalent pattern so far. However, this pattern is relatively simple, the selection of species for interplanting is not definite enough, the interplanting technology is under developing, economic benefit is not high, and it is difficult to utilize effective planting area rationally to achieve the objective of high yield.

SUMMARY

[05] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method for intercropping cotton with peanut, so that yields of the peanut and cotton are increased within the unit planting area.

[06] The present disclosure provides a method for intercropping cotton with peanut, where six lines of peanut are intercropped every four lines of cotton, and there is a 30-50 cm interval zone between a cotton seeding zone and a peanut seeding zone.

[07] Preferably, the cotton may be sown in the pattern of equal row spacing, with a row

BL-5378 2 distance of 70-80 cm and an interplant distance of 13-16 cm. 001273

[08] Preferably, the peanut may be sown in the pattern of one mulching film for two lines and two seeds in a hill, with a row distance of 30-40 cm and a hill spacing of 15-25 cm.

[09] More preferably, a ridge may be formed before the peanut is sown, the bottom of the ridge may be 70-80 cm wide, the back of the ridge may be 45-55 cm wide, and the ridge may be 8-12 cm high.

[10] Preferably, there may be an equal belt extent between the cotton seeding zone and the peanut seeding zone.

[11] More preferably, stalks may be chopped and returned to field after the cotton and the peanut are harvested; the cotton and the peanut may be rotated in the following year.

[12] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[13] The present disclosure provides a method for intercropping cotton with peanut, where six lines of peanut are intercropped every four lines of cotton, and there is a 30-50 cm interval zone between a cotton seeding zone and a peanut seeding zone. Compared with equal-area traditional monoculture of cotton, benefiting from marginal effect, average cotton yield increases by 10-15%, and spoiled cotton bolls are decreased by more than 10%; compared with equal-area monoculture of peanut, the intercropping method provided by the present disclosure overcome continuous cropping obstacles, so that average peanut yield increases by more than 5%.

Compared with intercropping methods at other ratios, there is a most substantial increase in specific yields of the cotton and peanut and overall economic efficiency is improved significantly under a condition that six lines of peanut are intercropped every four lines of cotton.

[14] Depending on a strong deep root growth ability of cotton and a shallow root growth characteristic of peanut fruit and roots, along with different population structures of both the crops the present disclosure can achieve complementary aboveground space, underground root system, and annual nutrition well and allow both the crops to make full use of space and nutrients. As a preferable embodiment, a ridge may be formed before the peanut in the present disclosure is sown, the bottom of the ridge may be 70-80 cm wide, the back of the ridge may be 45-55 cm wide, and the ridge may be 8-12 cm high. The ridge forming can make the utmost of advantages of both the crops in space resource utilization.

[15] As a preferable embodiment, in the present disclosure, stalks may be chopped and returned to field after the cotton and the peanut are harvested; the cotton and the peanut may be rotated in the following year. In the present disclosure, depending on a nitrogen fixation characteristic of peanut roots, the cotton is planted in a selection of peanut for rotation.

Compared with monoculture of cotton, nitrogen fertilizer application rate is reduced by 20%, but cotton yield does not decrease. Meanwhile, the present disclosure avoids continuous cropping

BL-5378 3 obstacles caused by traditional monoculture of peanut, effectively reduces the risk of diseases POTET3 and insect pests including bacterial wilt, leaf spot disease, root-knot nematodes, and grubs, while pesticide application 1s reduced by 10-20%.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[16] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for intercropping cotton with peanut provided in an example of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[17] The present disclosure provides a method for intercropping cotton with peanut, where six lines of peanut are intercropped every four lines of cotton, and there is a 30-50 cm interval zone between a cotton seeding zone and a peanut seeding zone.

[18] The method for intercropping cotton with peanut provided by the present disclosure will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[19] Example 1

[20] The experiment was carried out in Gaotang County, Liaocheng in 2015 and 2016. The cotton and peanut were rotated in an equiamplitude intercropping pattern. The intercropping pattern was intercropping of four lines of cotton with six lines of peanut. Meanwhile, monoculture of cotton, monoculture of peanut, intercropping of two lines of cotton with two lines of peanut, intercropping of three lines of cotton with four lines of peanut, and intercropping of five lines of cotton with eight lines of peanut were assigned as controls.

[21] Peanut cultivar Huayu 36 and cotton cultivar K836 were used as experimental materials.

The land was ploughed in mid-March, and combined with ploughing, organic manure and NPK compound fertilizer were applied as basal fertilizers. The land was watered for soil moisture in late March, 2015. The land was prepared before sowing, and 15 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer was applied per mu. Mechanical ridging was performed in lines to sow peanut, where the bottom of the ridge was 76 cm wide, the back of the ridge was 50 cm wide, and the ridge was 10 cm high.

The cotton was sown in the pattern of equal row spacing using a seeder on April 20, 2015, with a row spacing of 76 cm and a planting distance of 14.6 cm at a planting density of 6,000 plants per mu. The peanut was sown mechanically in the pattern of one mulching film for two lines on May 2, 2015. The planting density was 10,000 hills/mu, two seeds were put in each hill, the row spacing was 36 cm, and the hill spacing was 20 cm. There was a 40 cm interval between seeding zones of the cotton and peanut. On October 4, 2015, defoliating and ripening agent was sprayed to the cotton. Cotton bolls were harvested for the first time 10 days after spraying and a second

BL-5378 4 . . . . LU501273 intensive harvest was done 15 days after spraying. The peanut was mechanically harvested in one time on October 16, 2015.

[22] Next year, the cotton and the peanut were rotated in the same intercropping pattern as that of the previous year. Meanwhile, the amount of the pure nitrogen fertilizer in the cotton seeding zone was reduced to 12 kg/mu, and the remaining operation was the same as that in 2015.

[23] The yields of cotton and peanut and the frequency of disease and pest control in Gaotang

County in different planting patterns were summarized, respectively, as shown in Table 1.

[24] Table 1 The yields of cotton and peanut and the frequency of disease and pest control in

Gaotang County in different planting patterns

Seed cotton Peanut

Frequency of disease and Frequency of disease and

Planting pattern yield yield pest control for cotton pest control for peanut (kg/m) (kg/m)

Monoculture of cotton 5 times - 242 —

Monoculture of peanut - 4 times — 492

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 4 times 248 478 cotton/peanut (2:2)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 2015 4 times 3 times 251 488 cotton/peanut (3:4)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 3 times 3 times 267 494 cotton/peanut (4:6)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 4 times 238 490 cotton/peanut (5:8)

Monoculture of cotton 6 times - 233 —

Monoculture of peanut - 6 times — 413

Equiamplitude intercropping of 5 times 4 times 246 446 cotton/peanut (2:2)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 2016 4 times 4 times 248 467 cotton/peanut (3:4)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 3 times 3 times 267 494 cotton/peanut (4:6)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 4 times 237 458 cotton/peanut (5:8)

[25] NOTE: Cotton/peanut yield per mu in the pattern of the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut is converted based on the actual acreage under crop.

BL-5378 5

[26] Example 2 001273

[27] The experiment was carried out in Xiajin County, Dezhou in 2015 and 2016. The cotton and peanut were rotated in an equiamplitude intercropping pattern. The intercropping pattern was intercropping of four lines of cotton with six lines of peanut. Meanwhile, monoculture of cotton, monoculture of peanut, intercropping of two lines of cotton with two lines of peanut, intercropping of three lines of cotton with four lines of peanut, and intercropping of five lines of cotton with eight lines of peanut were assigned as controls.

[28] Peanut cultivar Huayu 36 and cotton cultivar K836 were used as experimental materials.

The land was ploughed in mid-March, and combined with ploughing, organic manure and NPK compound fertilizer were applied as basal fertilizers. The land was watered for soil moisture in late March, 2015. The land was prepared before sowing, and 15 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer was applied per mu. Mechanical ridging was performed in lines to sow peanut, where the bottom of the ridge was 70 cm wide, the back of the ridge was 45 cm wide, and the ridge was 8 cm high.

The cotton was sown in the pattern of equal row spacing using a seeder on Friday, April 24, 2015, with a row spacing of 70 cm and a planting distance of 16 cm. The peanut was sown mechanically in the pattern of one mulching film for two lines on Tuesday, May 5, 2015. Two seeds were put in each hill, the row spacing was 30 cm, and the hill spacing was 25 cm. There was a 30 cm interval between seeding zones of the cotton and peanut. On October 8, 2015, defoliating and ripening agent was sprayed to the cotton. Cotton bolls were harvested for the first time 10 days after spraying and a second intensive harvest was done 20 days after spraying. The peanut was mechanically harvested in one time on October 17, 2015.

[29] Next year, the cotton and the peanut were rotated in the same intercropping pattern as that of the previous year. Meanwhile, the amount of the pure nitrogen fertilizer in the cotton seeding zone was reduced to 12 kg/mu, and the remaining operation was the same as that in 2015.

[30] The yields of cotton and peanut and the frequency of disease and pest control in Xiajin

County, Dezhou in different planting patterns were summarized, respectively, as shown in Table 2.

[31] Table 2 The yields of cotton and peanut and the frequency of disease and pest control in

Xiajin County, Dezhou in different planting patterns

BL-5378 6

Ub01273

Seed cotton Peanut

Frequency of disease and Frequency of disease and

Planting pattern yield yield pest control for cotton pest control for peanut (kg/mu) (kg/mu)

Monoculture of cotton 4 times - 236 —

Monoculture of peanut - 4 times — 476

Equiamplitude intercropping of 3 times 4 times 251 454 cotton/peanut (2:2)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 2015 3 times 3 times 249 468 cotton/peanut (3:4)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 2 times 3 times 259 495 cotton/peanut (4:6)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 3 times 4 times 242 488 cotton/peanut (5:8)

Monoculture of cotton 5 times - 247 —

Monoculture of peanut - 6 times — 423

Equiamplitude intercropping of times 4 times 265 447 cotton/peanut (2:2)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 2016 4 times 4 times 270 458 cotton/peanut (3:4)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 3 times 3 times 284 486 cotton/peanut (4:6)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 4 times 266 453 cotton/peanut (5:8)

[32] NOTE: Cotton/peanut yield per mu in the pattern of the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut is converted based on the actual acreage under crop.

[33] Example 3

[34] The experiment was carried out in Gaotang County, Liaocheng in 2015 and 2016. The 5 cotton and peanut were rotated in an equiamplitude intercropping pattern. The intercropping pattern was intercropping of four lines of cotton with six lines of peanut. Meanwhile, monoculture of cotton, monoculture of peanut, intercropping of two lines of cotton with two lines of peanut, intercropping of three lines of cotton with four lines of peanut, and intercropping of five lines of cotton with eight lines of peanut were assigned as controls.

[35] Peanut cultivar Huayu 22 and cotton cultivar Lmianyan 28 were used as experimental materials. The land was ploughed in mid-March, and combined with ploughing, organic manure and NPK compound fertilizer were applied as basal fertilizers. The land was watered for soil

BL-5378 7 moisture in late March, 2015. The land was prepared before sowing, and 15 kg of pure nitrogen POTET3 fertilizer was applied per mu. Mechanical ridging was performed in lines to sow peanut, where the bottom of the ridge was 80 cm wide, the back of the ridge was 55 cm wide, and the ridge was 12 cm high. The cotton was sown in the pattern of equal row spacing using a seeder on April 22, 2015, with a row spacing of 80 cm and a planting distance of 13 cm. The peanut was sown mechanically in the pattern of one mulching film for two lines on May 3, 2015. Two seeds were put in each hill, the row spacing was 40 cm, and the hill spacing was 15 cm. There was a 50 cm interval between seeding zones of the cotton and peanut. On October 4, 2015, defoliating and ripening agent was sprayed to the cotton. Cotton bolls were harvested for the first time 10 days after spraying and a second intensive harvest was done 20 days after spraying. The peanut was mechanically harvested in one time on October 18, 2015.

[36] Next year, the cotton and the peanut were rotated in the same intercropping pattern as that of the previous year. Meanwhile, the amount of the pure nitrogen fertilizer in the cotton seeding zone was reduced to 12 kg/mu, and the remaining operation was the same as that in 2015.

[37] The yields of cotton and peanut and the frequency of disease and pest control in Gaotang

County in different planting patterns were summarized, respectively, as shown in Table 3.

[38] Table 3: The yields of cotton and peanut and the frequency of disease and pest control in

Gaotang County in different planting patterns

BL-5378 8

Ub01273

Seed cotton Peanut

Frequency of disease and Frequency of disease and

Monoculture of cotton 6 times - 263 —

Monoculture of peanut - 5 times — 446

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 4 times 271 450 cotton/peanut (2:2)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 2015 4 times 3 times 278 457 cotton/peanut (3:4)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 3 times 3 times 286 472 cotton/peanut (4:6)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 4 times 279 460 cotton/peanut (5:8)

Monoculture of cotton 5 times - 244 —

Monoculture of peanut - 6 times — 408

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 5 times 263 437 cotton/peanut (2:2)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 2016 3 times 5 times 270 446 cotton/peanut (3:4)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 3 times 4 times 285 477 cotton/peanut (4:6)

Equiamplitude intercropping of 4 times 4 times 261 446 cotton/peanut (5:8)

[39] NOTE: Cotton/peanut yield per mu in the pattern of the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut is converted based on the actual acreage under crop.

[40] Results were as follows: as the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut was used in the first year, compared with the monoculture of cotton and the monoculture of peanut, in the pattern of the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut, the cotton yield was increased by 10-15%, and the peanut yield was as high as that in the pattern of monoculture, but the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the cotton and peanut decreased, and the frequency of disease and pest control was significantly decreased compared with that in the pattern of the monoculture of cotton/peanut. The continuous cropping of peanut led to a yield decrease. Compared with the monoculture of peanut in the first year, the peanut yield was decreased by as high as 10-20% due to the continuous cropping of peanut. Use of the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut remained an increase in cotton

BL-5378 9 yield on the premise of not reducing the peanut yield. Compared with traditional monoculture of POTET3 cotton and peanut, the peanut yield in the pattern of equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut was comparable to that of the previous year, whereas the cotton yield was still increased significantly, with a 12-18% increase. Moreover, because the occurrence of diseases and insect pests was further worsened due to the monoculture and continuous cropping of peanut, the control frequency in the second year was significantly higher than that in the previous year; the frequencies of disease and pest control for both cotton and peanut in the pattern of the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut were significantly lower than those in the pattern of the monoculture of cotton/peanut, and physicochemical and labor inputs were decreased significantly.

[41] In addition, compared with intercropping patterns at other ratios, there is a most substantial increase in specific yields of the cotton and peanut under a condition that six lines of peanut were intercropped every four lines of cotton. In comprehensive consideration of inputs and outputs in the six planting patterns, the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut (4:6) obtained the highest benefits. In conclusion, the equiamplitude intercropping and rotation of cotton/peanut (4:6) can be popularized and applied as a green and efficient planting pattern in the Huanghe River Valley.

[42] The foregoing descriptions are only preferred implementation of the present disclosure.

It should be noted that for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several improvements and modifications may further be made without departing from the principle of the present disclosure.

These improvements and modifications should also be deemed as falling within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

BL-5378 10 LU501273 CLAIMS

1. A method for intercropping cotton with peanut, wherein six lines of peanut are intercropped every four lines of cotton, and there is a 30-50 cm interval zone between a cotton seeding zone and a peanut seeding zone.

2. The method for intercropping cotton with peanut according to claim 1, wherein the cotton is sown in the pattern of equal row spacing, with a row distance of 70-80 cm and an interplant distance of 13-16 cm.

3. The method for intercropping cotton with peanut according to claim 1, wherein the peanut is sown in the pattern of one mulching film for two lines and two seeds in a hill, with a row distance of 30-40 cm and a hill spacing of 15-25 cm.

4. The method for intercropping cotton with peanut according to claim 3, wherein a ridge is formed before the peanut is sown, the bottom of the ridge is 70-80 cm wide, the back of the ridge is 45-55 cm wide, and the ridge is 8-12 cm high.

5. The method for intercropping cotton with peanut according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein there is an equal belt extent between the cotton seeding zone and the peanut seeding zone.

6. The method for intercropping cotton with peanut according to claim 5, wherein stalks are chopped and returned to field after the cotton and the peanut are harvested; the cotton and the peanut are rotated in the following year.