LU500962B1 - High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat based on grain increasing and storage capacity expanding effect - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat based on grain increasing and storage capacity expanding effect, aiming at solving the technical problem of low production benefit in winter wheat producing areas. The technical points of the method include: fine soil preparation; uniform sowing at reduced distance, water balance and ration, Spring chemical adjustment, chemical control of pests and diseases during filling stage. The cultivation method of the invention is based on deep ploughinging to expand soil water and fertilizer storage capacity, under the fundamental guarantee of "one spray and three defenses" in the later stage, with narrow row uniform sowing to strengthen individual development, spraying brassinolide and 6-BA preparation in the later stage of jointing to promote the good development of ears and grains as the core, increasing the grain number and seed setting rate, and expanding the storage capacity.

Description

Ai LU500962 Description High-visid and high-sHiciency cultivation method of wheat based on grain increasing and storage capacity expanding effect Technical field The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat based on grain increasing and storage capacity expanding effect, which is suitable for winter wheat producing areas.

Background Wheat grains are rich in starch, and contains relstively more protein and little fat, it has a variety of minerai elements and vitamin B, making it a commodity grain with rich nutrition and high economic value. In 43 countries around the world, 35%-40% of the population takes wheat as the main food, According to the statistics of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 2004, the world wheat harvest area is

3.236 bition mu (1 mu is about 887 square meters), with a yield of 193.8 kg/Mu and a total output of 627 million tons.

Wheat species are divided into winter wheat and spring wheat according to sowing date, and winter wheat is the main type in Ching. Winter wheat areas in the north are mainly distributed in Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of Great Wall, among which Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi and Shared provinces are mainly distributed. The southem winter wheat area is mainly distributed in the south of the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe Fiver, and the main producing areas are concentrated in Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui and Hubei provinces.

At present, thers arg many factors that restrict the hugh-vield and high-efficiency 0500962 development of wheat in China, such as the increasing frequency of adverse weather, the weakening of field management caused by the transfer of rural labor force, the difficulty of timely and accurate implementation of key technical measures for increasing wheat yield and efficiency, scattered planting by farmers and low degres of mechanization and scale.

Among them, in whest production, unreasonable traditional cultivation mode {such as big water feriiiizer, etc.) is still quite common, which not only leads to low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, but also sasily leads to waste of resources, which has a great negative impact on the ecological environment and low agricultural production benefit. Relevant research shows that the vield difference of leading varieties in different provinces is as high as 100-200 kg/Mmu, and the large and unscientific input of water and fertilizer leads to low resource utilization efficiency, and the nitrogen utilization rate is only 35%, At present, a great deal of research has been done from the aspects of farming measures, sowing time, planting density, fertilizer management, chemical regulation and control, disease prevention and control, etc, in order to improve wheat yield and resource utilization efficiency, However, the existing technology is only limited to the research on the interaction effect of one or two factors, and the research on the influence of cultivation technology system formed by the fusion of multiple cultivation factors on yield and efficiency is rarely reported, Therefore, it is urgent to research and develop a high-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat in order 10 achieve better economic and social benefits.

Summary The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat based on grain increasing and storage capacity expanding effect, which is suitable for wheat producing areas in Henan

; ; ; Le ; ex LU500962 Province and surrounding areas with similar ecological conditions, so that the source-sink relationship mn the wheal production process can De balanced and coordinated, so as to solve the technical problem of low production benefit in winter wheat producing areas and finally achieve the production effect of increasing production and increasing efficiency.

In order to solve the problems described above | this invention provides the following technical methods: After a lot of long-term scientific research and practice, the inventor has formed a cultivation method based on the effect of increasing grain and expanding storage capacity by integrating many cultivation factors in production. This method is based on improving the quality of soi preparation and sowing, cultivating strong seedlings before winter, focusing on the construction of high-quality population and strain management due to seedings, promoting the sound development of young ears by optimizing the population quality and increasing the accumulation of dry matter, and achieving the goals of stable ear number, inérsasing grain number and kesping grain weight.

The technical scheme adopted by the Invention is as follows: Design high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat based on grain increasing and storage capacity expanding effect The main technical points are as follows: 51, fine land preparation: after the previous crop is harvested, the straw is crushed and returned to the field, and the length of the straw is lass than or equal to em, or deep tillage and rotary tillage, and then leveling and suppressing.

SZ, even sowing with reduced spacing sowing with any one of the following methods À, B and ©, with 18-250 000 basic seedlings M68 7m2 and 20%-30% increase in plant spacing, whersin, Method À is mechanical sowing with row spacing of 16-18 om.

Method B is 12-14 om= 18-22 om wide and narrow row planting. 0500962 Method © is 5-10 seedling beit, wide sowing with 10-14 om row spacing 53, Water balance and ration: make up water before sowing until the water storage capacity of soil is 75%-85% of the maximum field capacity, and cultivate land after drying for 3-5 days, under the normal precipitation year, 40-80m 4666 7m? of irrigation water will be poured in the irrigation area at the late jointing stage, in the year of drought, 40.50m 4665, 7m? of irrigation water was poured at the beginning of jointing stage and 45-55m°/666 7m” at heading stage, and 50-80 mö666. 7m? irrigation in non-jointing stage, the total nitrogen application rate is 18-18 kg/666.7m°, 40% - 60% is applied at the base before sowing, and the rest is applied at the iointing stags, before sowing, applving 5-5kg/666. 7m? phosphate fertilizer, 5-10kg/666. 7m? potassium fertilizer and 1.5-2 kg/665.7m* zinc fertilizer.

84, chemical adjustiment in spring: applying Z00mo/L paclobutrazo! solution 25-35 kg/666.7m*to the wheat field with large population and vigorous growth in the early stage of wheat, spraying 13-18 ka/666. 7m” plant cold-resistant agent at the early jointing stage, applying 25-35 ka/666. 7m” of brassinolide solution or 8-BA nutrient solution from jointing stage to booting stage.

535, chemical control of pests and diseases during filling stage.

in the technical point (1) the mechanical power used in the deep tliage is controlled to be 80-80 horsepower, and the lage depth is more than 30cm. In the rotary tillage, à rotary tillage machine with more than 80 horsepower is used for rotary tillage twice, the tillage depth is more than 15cm, and after two years of continuous rotary tillage, a subsoiler with more than 80 horsepower is used for subsoiling 350m, it iS also necessary to use more than 25 horsepower machinery to lay the field ridge in the irrigation area; For low-lying wheat fields, corresponding field ditches need to be dug.

à pare ro Lu . L 2 in the technical point (3), 30-40 m° /666.7m° of blinding water is poured after v50096 drying the cultivated land, 2-4 kg/660 7 m2 of phosphate fertilizer was applied at jointing stags.

in the technical point (4), the solution of brassinolide preparation is brassinclide and pyridine krssoxim-methyl in the mass ratio of 1.30000. The 6-BA nutrient solution consists of 1.1.2.5 mg/l of 6- benzyl purine, 1-25 ma/L of borax and 81-0.2 ppm of epibrassinotide. The plant cold-resistant agent is 80-120 ug/ml salicylic acid preparation solution to enhance cold resistance, in the technical point (5), the chemicals and dosage used for chemical control of pests and diseases are any one of the following: (1) 50% of carbendazim wettable powder 1009/5668. 7m? and 15% of triadimefon watiable powder 804/666. 7m”, or 80% of tebuconazole 120/666 7rm7+12 5% of diniconazole 209/668. 7m? 10% of imidacloprid 20g/868 7m? 5% of Beta-cypermethrin cream 30mV666 7m? potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500/866 7m? {2} 15% of triadimefon wettable powder 75g/5665. 7m° or 12.5% diniconazole 4Omi/666.7m°+4 5% of cypermethrin 50ml/656. 7m”, 98% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 g/6656.7m” or liquid foliar fertilizer 50 mi/566. 7m.

(350% of carbendazim S0m/256. TMT or 70% of thiophanate-methyl 100g/666.7m°, 3% of acetamiprid emulsion 25ml/666.7m” or 10% of imidacloprid 20g/666.7m° and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1002/6667 m* (4) 85% of mancozeb 1509/6566 7m” or 70% of thiophanate methyl 1007/6686. 7rn”, 10% of imidacloprid 2709/6668 7m” and polsssium dihydrogen phosphate 1000/8668. 7m? (5) The above formula for chemical control of pests and diseases is sprayed with 40-50 kg/666.7m° water.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that

1. The cultivation method of the present invention is based on deep 0500962 ploughinging to expand soil water and fertilizer storage capacity, under the fundamental guarantee of "one spray and three defenses” in the iater stage, with narrow row uniform sowing to strengthen individual development, spraying brassinolide and S-BA preparation in the later stage of jointing to promote the good development of spike grains as the core, increasing the grain number and ssed setting rats, expanding storage capacity, especially in wheat fields with high water and fertilizer, so as to fully produce photosynthelic subsiances, increase grain number, stabilize grain weight and prevent premature.

2. The cuitivation method of the present invention can not only promois the growth and development of wheat, prevent and resist diseases, but also overcome the disadvantage that the previous cultivation technical measures of single tem or simple combination of multiple items can only improve the single character of wheat, and has good economic and social benefits,

3. The cultivation method of the invention has pertinence, strong practicability, good operability and remarkable vield increasing effect, and has a8 very road application prospect in wheat producing areas of Henan Province and surrounding areas with similar ecological conditions.

4. The cultivation method of the invention can give full play to the production potential of excellent varietiss, realize large-scale high and stable yield and sustainable and efficient utilization of resources, and provide strong scientific and technological support for further increasing production and efficiency of wheat in China.

Through the comprehensive application and oplimized combination of cultivation techniques, the invention makes the wheat yield and resource utilization efficiency synergistically improved, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for high-vield and efficient

AT ; . LU500962 Description of the present invention The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with examples, but the following examples are only used to Hustrais the present invention in detail and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Unless otherwise specified, the equipment involved in the following examples are all conventional equipment; Unless otherwise specified, the reagents or products involved are ail commercially available conventional reagents or products; Unisss otherwise specified, the culiivation or application methods involved are all conventional methods.

Embodiment 1 High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat based on grain increasing and storage capacity expanding effect {1} Fine soil preparation it mairiy includes two main links, namely, straw returning to field and land preparation and suppression, Straw returning After the previous Crop is harvested, the straw is crushed and returned to the field by a power machine with mors than 80 horsepower, and the length of the straw is less than or equal to 10 om, which Is evenly sprinkled on the surface, and urea is added in combination with soil moisture to accelerates decomposition, Land preparation and suppression: deep ploughing with mors than 90 horsepower and more than 30 om deep. After deep ploughing, use more than 50 horsepower power machinery to level and suppress.

For the high-vield irrigation areas in the north of Henan and some areas with better watering conditions, use more than 25 horsepower machinery to lay the field riciges to facilitaie watering, For low-lying wheat fields in central and southern Henan,

; LL ; ; ; ; ; LU500962 pay attention to digging ditches in the fields io prevent waterlogging in the whest fields.

(2) Even sowing with reduced distance in view of the poor quality of straw returning, rotary tillage, land preparation and sowing In wheat production at present, on the basis of conventional measures such as fine soil preparation, fertility improvement, balanced fertilization, selection of varieties, SOWING In suitable time and moisture, the row spacing is reduced from conventional 20cm to 17em with equal row spacing or TScmXx200m wide and narrow row planting, and wide sowing with Som seeding beit and 12cm row spacing can also be used to improve the uniformity of plant distribution in the field. Optimize the population quality and increases the plant spacing by 20%-30%.

{3) Overall planning and quantification of fertilizer and water Arming at the problems of blind watering, excessive nitrogen application, low utilization ratio of water and fertilizer, high yield and low efficiency in wheat production in Henan wheat region in the south of Huanghusi, it is of great significance to develop the quantitative cultivation technology of wheat fertilizer and water as a whole to realize the unity of water saving, fertifizer saving, high yield and simplification, The technical points are as follows: (19 Limit water control, make up the bottom moisture before regular irrigation and sowing, and ensure that the water storage capacity of 1 meter soil in wheat field reaches 75%-85% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. Adiust the rrigation quantity (60mm) appropriately according to the precipitation (200mm) in September, and increase the soi water storage capacity. Under the normal precipitation year, the irrigation area in northern Henan should be delayed to save water, and the hme concretion black sois area in southern Henan should not be watered with spring walter. In the year of drought, the irrigation area in northern Henan should be well irrigaisd with heading water on the basis of water-saving irrigation,

while the lime concretion black soils area in southern Henan only needs to be well 0500962 irrigated with water-saving irrigation.

(2) Optimize fertilizer allocation by region, formulate fertilizer according to soil testing results, supplement sulfur and zinc, and apply micro-fertitzer increasing N, P and Kin ims concretion black soils ares in southern Henan, and increasing N, P and K in a balanced way in the high-visid irrigation area of northern Henan Province, Reducing nitrogen, increasing phosphorus and supplementing potassium in Middie-harvesting class Irrigation District of East Henan Province Combined with the target yield, nutrient balance and the law of fertilizer absorption at sesdimg stage, sufficient base fertilizer was applied, nitrogen fertilizer was applied later, and a small amount of phosphate fertibzer was fopdressing. The proportion of base fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled within the range of 40%-60%, the irrigation area in northem Henan should take the lower limit, and the supplementary ingation area in southern Henan should take the upper limit Both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizer, and a certain proportion of phosphate fertilizer can be applied in high-yield fields, generally not excesding 30% of the total amount.

(3) Spring sesding monitoring, quantitative nitrogen topdressing in spring, non-destructive monitoring technologies such as SPAD and GREENSEE are used to monitor wheat growth and seedling situation, Taking the adjacent nitrogen-free wheat fields as the control, combined with the local high-yield fertilization situation of wheat, the fertilization quantity is determined through the real-time data of seeding monitoring. The best tondressing period is the late jointing stage tjointing-booting stage) combined with watering. Compared with traditional uniform and constant fertilization, it can save 1-2 kg of pure nitrogen per mu by monitoring seediing condition and {opdressing nitrogen, Proper topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer can ensure the nitrogen demand of wheat in spring, reduce the extravagant absorption of nitrogen, and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. At the same time, the

; ; ; ; ; ._ LU500962 population structure is reasonable, diseases are alleviated, and premature aging is prohibited, (4) Chemical-regulating seeding and grain increasing in view of the long growin period of wheat, which is greatly affected by climate change, and the disastrous climates tends to recur frequently, it is of great significance to study and coordinate the improvement of grain number and grain weight for the stable and sustained increase of wheat yield.

Plant growth regulator is a kind of substance with similar physiological and biological effects to plant hormones, which can effectively regulate the growth process of crops, achieve the purposes of stabilizing and increasing production, Improving quality and enhancing crop stress resistance, etc. i is the most economical, simple and effective technical measure in agricultural resource input at present.

The technical points are as follows: I. Control the prosperity and prevent freezing in the rising and jointing stage. In the rising stage, spray paclobutrazol (200mg/M paclobutrazoi solution 30kg per mu) or chiormeqguat solution (50% chiormequat solution diluted io 160-350 times solution 100kg per mu) to dwarf the plants and prevent lodging. According to the weather forecast, at the early siage of wheat jointing, plant coid-resistant agents, such as salicylic acid (15 kg of 1DOug/mL solution per mu) are spraved to enhance cold resistance and avoid the harm of "late spring cold" and "late frost”

1. Spraying brassinolide or S-BA preparation solution at jointing and booting stage (for example, the mixture of brassinolide and pyridyl kresoxim-methyl with a mass ratio of 1: 30000, 6-BA nutrient solution: 5- bernzy! purine 1.1 mo/L-25 mo/L, borax 1 mag/L-2,5 mg/l, epibrassinotiide 03-22 pom), which not only improves the sesd setting rate, increases the number of grams per ear, but aiso has the effect of preventing dissases.

5) One spray and threes prevention to stabilize the grain weight,

; ; ; ; L 2 Spraying One and three defenses is an effective measure to prevent diseases, v50096 insects and premature senility, resist adverse weather effects, increase grain weight and yield per unit area of wheat in the late growth stage. Heading stage of wheat is the peak period of wheat rust, powdery mildew, scab, wheat aphid, midge and other disgases and insect pests, and iis also the best time to control wheat diseases and insect pests. Doing à good job of "one spray and three preventions”, especially in whaat fields with high water and fertilizer content, can effectively control pests and disesses, prolong the functional period of wheat leaves, increase grain weight, prevent premature aging, and have obvious yield increasing effect.

The technical points are as follows: I. in wheat fields to control scab, stripe rust, powdery mildew, aphids, ammyworm and other diseases and insect pests, 1009 of 50% carbendazim wetiable powder, 80g of 15% iriadimefon wellable powder {or 12g of 80% tebuconazole, 20g of 12.5% diniconazole), 20g of 10% imidacioprid and 5% cypermethrin are used per mu, IL In wheat fields where rust and midge are the main control, 75g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder or 40mi of 12.5% diniconazoie plus SOUmi of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin, 100g of 88% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or SOmi of liquid foliar fertilizer are sprayed with water.

HH. In wheat fields where scab and wheat aphid are the main control, spray 50% carbendazim 60m or 70% thiophanate-methyl 100g, 3% acetamiprid EC 25mi or 10% imidacionrid 20g and potassium difydrogen phosphate 100g per mu, I. In wheat fields where the control of leaf blight and aphid is the main task, 150g of 65% mancozeb or 100g of 70% thiophanate methyl plus 20g of 10% imidacioprio and 100g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed per mu, Pay attention to check the control effect after spraying. When the effect is not ideal or the diseases and insect pests develop rapidly, make up treatment in time to minimize the harm of disgases and insect pesis.

Embodiment 2

4 ; LU500962

Verification of production effect of local test Cases

{1) Test 1

A field test was conducted in Jipo Farm, Kaifeng City, Henan Province from 2015 to 2016. The semi-winter variety Yumai 49-198 was used as the material.

The test materials were all sown on October, 12° and the basic seedlings were 250,000 per mu There are two ways of conventional cultivation and high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.

The main cultivation techniques are shown in Table 1.

TT = — a LU500962 & = vs 3 os # = ù EB ei =. UN © SS X iB =. = 2 SS DS) =o = =F = =H a D 5 EF © © 5 S 7” 8 fa = f=" = =>. = me uw cn a ea - Zn Cs 5 m om Sr os 2 es es SU Æn 5 © = SS = X = EL: =r ES : a =k cos = Eda EE om = a SU ES 0 = er =. ©. 5 = =. CA SS =. 5 = MIE cs wa = =F — = == > = = ggg = FES — & = SS. oa = Fa — a

CL pc) = = = o CF Fa = 2 =

MT es. = == = 3 = 0 mo wr = = = = KR Co = = Se res — pn ED = ma “es = eo = = = ag = Se oh 5. rés Ca ; 5 a ba > BSR = = Lei = = wh =. = =5 Fags = = = = pre] en HER panes mr za a = = gd | 7 = er + = = eee => de ESS Br = = nr >= Su = to er pe) S WED wn 2X ès 3% 8 S g = © = dt a 7 = © wes; 3 “mn DD DS = SS = a He 5 = ZZ. £7} I = 22 =. da fe Tr = = m = Si A = =n is © ES mea = = = > = 2 = = s = 5 co De) pars = = = = = Gé: = = ZE = Eu ta 5, = = = = ES gs — = = 15 ae] zb == — E Lans) Zn = 2e > = FT = oy wom SS = SS = = — a ao SS = = bb = snes = = „+ 2. mp = Ra 5 ë = se oe = = ce Si es ee 5 a Dr D os SOU A en ès en D = an oe MS = = fae eR a en = sg = oh 25 = = > = & = = Eu cs Gr 3 > = mr = wx Ly

LN =. = > = = wa mm = © as = - =. = Lise) i

Except for the conventional cultivation methods listed in Table 1, Other measures are the same as those in conventional feld, Besides the contents in Table 1, the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation methods specifically include the following main cultivation techniques: | fine soil preparation: after the previous Crop is harvested, the straw is crushed and retumed to the field by a power machine with mors than 80 horsepower, the length of the straw is less than or equal to 10 om, and the straw is evenly scaîtersd on the ground; More than 90 horsepower power machinery deep ploughinging, tillage depth of more than 30 am. After deep ploughinging, level and suppress with a power machine with more than 80 horsepower, and lay the furrow in the field with a machine with more than 25 horsepower to facilitate wrigation; U. Even sowing with reduced spacing, with row spacing reduced from conventional 200m to 170m mechanical drilling with equal row spacing, with 250,000 basic seedingsimu and 20%-30% increase in plant spacing.

Hi. The fertilizer and water should be rationed as a whole, the soil moisture should be replenished before sowing, and cultivated land should be dred for 3 days The spring irmgation will be postponed to the late jointing stage, with GO cubic meters of rrigation per mu, and the late irrigation will be at the heading stage, with 50 cubic meters of irrigation per mu. The total amount of pure nitrogen is 16 kg per mu, 40% is applied at the base before sowing, and the remaining 80% is applied at jointing stage. Before sowing, apply 7 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P05), 8 kg of potassium fertilizer (£20} and 2 kg of zinc fertilizer (Zn604 )2kg per mu. At the late jointing stage, combined with watering, apply 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer (POs) per mu, and use SPAD to monitor, diagnose and fertilize wheat growth and seedling condition, IY. Spring season, spraying paciobutrazoi (200mgfl paclobutrazol solution 30ky cer mu) on the wheat fields with large population and flourishing growth, Spraying 30

0, ; CL ; ; ._ LU500962 kg of brassinolide solution per mu from jointing stags to booting stage (the mass ratio of brassinolide to kresoxim-methyl pyridine is 1: 20000).

V, Spraying three preventions in one grouting stage, spraying 100g of 50% carbendazim weltable powder, 20g of 15% triadimefon wellable powder, 20g of 10% irmidacioprid, 30mi of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate and 50g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adding 40-50k9 of water, evenly spraying and thoroughly spraying.

Vi, Other cultivation and management measures are the same as those of ordinary high-vield wheat fields.

(2) Test 2 From 2014 to 2015, if was carried out in a high-yield wheat field in Xangyun Town, wen county, Jisozuo City, Hanan Province. The sermi-winter variety Ping ‘an 11 was used as the material, and it was sown on October 14ih, with 200,000 basic seedings per mu, There are two ways of conventional cultivation and high-yield and high-efficiency culiivation.

The main cultivation techniques are shown in Table 1, Except for the conventional cultivation methods listed in Table 1, other measures are the same as those in conventional field Besides the contents in Table 1, the high-vield and high-efficiency cultivation methods specifically include the following main cultivation Techniques | Fine soil preparation. after the previous crop is harvested, the straw is crushed and returned to the field by 3 power machine with more than 80 horsepower, the length of the straw is less than or equal to 10 om, and the straw is evenly scaltered on the ground; More than SO horsepower power machinery deep ploughinging, tillage depth of mors than 30 om; After deep ploughinging, level and suppress with a power machine with mors than 80 horsepower, and lay the furrow in the field with a machine with more than 25 horsepower to facilitate irrigation

; ; ; ; LL. . 8 a L 2 Ho Even sowing with reduced spacing, semi-precision mechanical drilling with v50096 13omx20om wide and narrow rows, with 200 000 basic seedlings per mu and 20% - 30% increase in plant spacing.

Hi. Fertilizer and water shall be rationed as a whole, After sowing, it shall be dried for 2 days, and 40 cubic meters per mu of water shall be watered. The spring irrigation will be postponed to the lats jointing stage, with 80 cubic meters of irrigation per mu, and 50 cubic meters of irrigation per mu at the heading stage in the late growth stage. The total amount of pure nitrogen is 16 kg per mu, 40% is applied at the base befors sowing, and the remaining 60% 18 applied at jointing stage. Before sowing, apply 7 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P20s), 8 kg of potassium fertilizer (K0) and 2 kg of zinc fertilizer (ZnS5 O4 )2kg per mu. At the late jointing stage, combined with watering, apply 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P,Os} per mu, and use Greeker to monitor, diagnose and fertilize wheat growth and seeding condition, iY. Spring chemical adjustment, spraying salicylic acid cold-resistant preparation at the early stage of wheat jointing, spraying 15 kg of 100u/mb solution per mu Spraying 6-BA nutrient solution 30 kg/mu at jointing and booting stage (6- benzyl purine 1.1 mal - 2.5 mg/l, borax mg/l - 2.5 ma/L, epibrassinoiide 0.1 - 0.2 ppm).

V. One spray and three preventions during the grouting period, with 80 mi of 50% carbendazim, 25 mi of 3% acetamiprid EC and 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with 40-50 kg of water, evenly spray and thoroughly spray.

Yi, Other cultivation and management measures are the same as those of ordinary high-vield wheat fields.

{3} Test 3 From 2014 to 2015, a field experiment was conducted in Shancshui County Farm, Zhoukou City, The semi-winter variety Zhoumai 27 was used as the material, and it was sown on October 24th. The basic seedlings were 250,000 per mu,

There are two ways of conventional cultivation and high-yield and high-efficiency 0500962 cultivation, The main cultivation techniques are shown in Table 1. Except for the conventional cultivation methods listed in Table 1, other measures are the same as those in conventional field. Besides the contents in Table 1, the high-vieid and high-efficiency cultivation methods specifically include the following main cultivation techniques: | Fine soi preparation: after the previous crop is harvested, the straw is crushed and returned to the field by a power machine with more than 80 horsepower, the length of the straw Is less than or equal to 10 om, and the straw is evenly scattsred on the ground, Rotary tillage twice with a rotary tiller of over 80 horsepower, with a depth of over 15 om, and subsoiling for 35 om with a subsoiler of over 80 horsepower for two consecutive years, Pay attention to digging ditches in fields to prevent walerlogging i wheat fields.

1 Uniform sowing with reduced distance, using a wide sowing method with 8 om sowing width and 12 om row spacing.

Hi. Fertilizer and water shall be rationed as a whole, After sowing, it shall be dried for 2 days, and the water for covering the head shall be walered, 30 cubic meters per mu, The spring irrigation will be posiponed to the late jointing stage, with 50 cubic metiers of irrigation per mu. The total amount of pure nitrogen is 18 kg per mu, 60% is applied at the base before sowing, and the remaining 40% is applied at jointing stage. Before sowing, apply 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P05), 8 kg of potassium fertilizer (20) and 1.5 kg of zine fertilizer (EnSO:) per mu In the late jointing stage, using Greeker to monitor and diagnose the growth and seedling situation of wheal, the fertilizer is nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer, which is combined with spring watering.

IY. Spring season, spraying paclobutrazol (200mg/L paclobutrazol solution 30kg per mu) on the wheat fields with large population and flourishing growth. Spraying 30

0, ; Co ; ; L 2 kg of brassinolide solution per mu at jointing and booting stage (the mass ratio of v50096 brassinolide and pyridine kresoxim-methyl is 1; 30000).

XV. During the grouting period, spraying Ihres preventions, spraying 100g of 50% carbendazim weltable powder, 12g of 80% tebuconazols, 20g of 10% midacioprid, 30m of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, 50g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 40-50kg of water per mu, uniformly spraying and thoroughly spraying.

Vi, Other cultivation and management measures are the same as those of ordinary high-vield wheat fields.

4) Detecting the influence of different cultivation measures on wheat yield and components.

The test results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Effects of cultivation methods on economic characters of wheat A t of Co mount or ear kernels per [Thousand |Production Location | “tivation of wheat spike |seed weight (kg/666.7m method (10000/666.7 P OO: m2) (The number)| (Gram) ) Conventional | 403 31.4 40.8 497.3 Kai feng cultivation tional Conventional | 467 27.2 44.3 551.2 Wen xian [Cultivation Conventional

45.3 27.7 45.8 535.5 shui

; ; ; ; . ee L 2 From Table Z, it can be seen that the highwisld and high-efficiency cultivation v50096 method can improve the three factors of yield components compared with the conventional cultivation method, thus promoting the increase of yield.

Compared with the three yield factors, the high-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method has the most obvious influence on the number of grains per ear, with an increase of 84 10,5%, while the increase of the number of ears and the weight of 1,000 grains is relatively low, only 3.5-5.1%. The final yield is the result of the comprehensive action of the ihres factors, The increase range of the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method to the yield is 11,1 449%, with an increase of 55-78 kg per mu. The promotion effect of high-vield cultivation methods also varies from place to place, with the best spike number in wen county, Ihe most obvious spike number and 1000-grain weight in Shangshui, the best increase effect of final yield in Shangshul and wen county (78-82 kalmu), and the worst effect in Kaifeng (55 ko/mu.

(5) Detecting the influence of different cultivation measures on the 1000-grain weight of wheat in different spatial positions.

The test results are shown in Table 3:

Table 3 Effecis of cullivation methods on 1000-grain weight (g} at different ear positions . Cultivation | Bottom ears of | middle ears | Top ears of Location method wheat of wheat wheat Conventional 45 43.5 33.3 Kai feng cultivation Conventional

48.1 45.8 36.9 xian Conventional

48.3 48.5 35.2 shui From Table 3, it can be seen that the 1000-grain weight of diferent ear positions is increased by the high-visid and high-efficiency cultivation method compared with the conventional cultivation method.

Compared with different panicle positions, the high yield and high efficiency mode has the most significant effect on the upper spikelels, with 1 000-grain weight increasing by 2.9 - 4.6 9, with an increase of 7.9 - 13.1%, while it has litle effect on the 1,000~-grain weight of the middle and lower spikelets, with 1.8 - 3.0 g, with an increase of 3.7 - 6.2%. The promotion effect of high-visld cultivation methods also varies from place to place, with the commercial water point being the most obvious, with the 1000-grain weight increasing by 2.3 - 469, with an increase of 4.7 - 13.1%. And the 1000-grain weight increased by 1.8 - 2.9 grams, with an increase of 3.7 - 87%.

(6) Detecting the influence of different cultivation measures on the number of grains in different spatial parts of wheat. The test results are shown in Table 4

Cs ; ; Cg L 2 Table 4 Effects of cultivation methods on the number of grains (grains) in different v50096 ear positions . Cultivation | Bottom ears of | middle ears | Top ears of Location method wheat of wheat wheat tional Kai feng © Yentiona 19.59 5.08 cultivation [ei [vm | ww Conventional

2.83 19.25 5.15 xian Conventional

2.55 20.56 4.55 shui From Table 4, it can be seen that the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mathod shows an increasing trend in the number of grains at different sar positions compared with the conventional cultivation method.

Compared with different ear positions, the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method has the most obvious promoting effect on the upper spikelets, with the grain number increasing by 1.1.1.7, with an increase of 21.0-36.3%, while i has litige effect on the grain number of the middle and lower spikelets, with the grain number increasing by 02-05 9, with an increase of 3.818%. The promotion effect of high-yield cultivation methods also vanes from place to place. The number of lower and upper spikelets in Shangshul and Kaifeng increased more, the number of lower spikelets increased by 0.5 0.8, by 84 - 18.0%, the number of upper spikelets increased by 1.6-1.7, by 31.5-36.3%, while the number of middle spikelets increased relatively little {0.2-1.1 The number of grains in the middle spikelets in wen county increased mors, by 0.9 g, with an increase of 4.8%, while the number of grains in the

. . . . . L 2 lower and upper spikelets increased less (0.74-0.84 grains), with an increase of v50096

3.8-4.1%.

(7) Detecting the influence of different cultivation measures on economie and technical indexes of wheat, The test results are shown in Table 5: Table 5 Effects of cultivation methods on technical and economic indexes of wheat Total value of Materialize | Living labor . . rs Pure benefit |Input Locatio| Cultivation out-put labor costs cost RMB/666.7m lincom n method RMB/666.7m |RMB/666. 7m | RMB/666. 7m |, ; . > > > e ratio Conventiona CL 1109.2 393.3 255 460.9 0.71 Kai feng | cultivation Conventiona Wen CL 1046.2 300.4 347 398.8 0.62 | cultivation xian Conventional 8174 403 185 229.1 0.39 Shang | | cultivation shui it can be seen from Table 5 that, in terms of the total output value, the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method increased the output value of Shangshui point the most (386.1 yuan /666.7m7), followed by wen county (232 6yuan B66. 7m?) and Kaifeng point the lowest (171.5 yuan /666.7m°), High-vield cultivation increased the iotal Investment, Kaifeng increased the investment more (34.9 yuan /666 7m”), followed by wen county's 29.9 yuan /656. 7m”, while Shangshui increased the least, which was basically the same (2.3 yuan BEG. 7m?) Due to the differences of soil types, production levels and economic conditions in different places, the input cost types of the three experimental sites are tot the same. wen county invested more living labor costs, while Shangshut and 0500962 Kaifeng invested more materislized labor costs.

From the pure benefit point of view, the high-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method increased the benefit of Shangshut point the most (383.8 yuan 886 7m?) followed by wen county {202.7 yuan 1666 7m) and Kaifeng point the least (136.6 yuan /S66 7m”)

Continuously increasing the production cost can't effectively improve the input-benefit ratio of wheat, and the high cost input limits the increase of economic benefits, High-yvield cultivation mode has the most significant increase in the ratio of input to benefit of Shangshu point, which is as high as 167%, while that of wen county and Kaifeng point is only 44% and 23% respectively, The present invention has been described in detail with examples above, but those skilled in the technical field can understand that, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, Various specific parameters in the above examples can be changed to form a number of specific examples, which arg common variation ranges of the present invention and will not be described in detail here.

Claims (10)

1. Claims LU500962

   1. Migh-vieid and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat is characterized in comprising the following steps: si, fine land preparation. after the previous Crop is harvested, the straw is crushed and returned to the field, and the length of the straw is less than or equal to 10 om, or deep tillage and rotary tillage, and then leveling and suppressing, 82, Even sowing with reduced spacing: sowing with any one of the following methods À, B and C, with 18-250,000 basic seedings /868.7m? and 20%-30% increase in plant spacing, wherein, method À is mechanical sowing with row spacing of 16-18 om, method B is 12-14 emx18-22 om wide and namow row slanting, method © is 5-10 seedling belt, wide sowing with 10-14 om row spacing, 3, Water balance and ration: make up water before sowing Unit the water storage capacity of soil is 75%-85% of the maximum field capacity, and cultivale land after drying for 3-5 days, under the normal precipitation year, 40-60m°/666. 7m? of irrigation water will be poursd in the irrigation area at the late jointing stage, in the year of drought, 40-80m¥888 7m? of irrigation water was poured at the beginning of jointing stage and 45-55m°*/666.7m° at heading stage, and 50-80 m°/666.7m* irrigation in non-jointing stage, the total nitrogen application rate is 16-18 ka/G66.7m°, 40% - 60% is applied at the base before sowing, and the rest is applied at the jointing stage, before sowing, appliving 5-8ka/666 7m“ phosphate ferlilizer, 6-10k7/666 7m” potassium fertilizer and 1 5-2 kg/66S.7m°” zinc fertilizer, s4, chemical sdiustment in spring: applying 200ma/L paclobutrazol solution 25-35 kg/665 Tm? to the wheat field with large population and vigorous growth in the early stage of wheat, spraying 13-18 ka/566.7m°* plant cold-resistant agent at the early iointing stage, applying 25-35 kg/666.7m* of brassinolide solution or 8-BA nutrient solution from jointing stage to booting stage, $5, chemical control of pests and diseases during filling stage.

   2. High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheal, according to claim 1, is characterized in that in 81, the tillage depth of the deep tillage is controlled to be more than 30on.

   3. High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheal, according to claim 0500962 1, is characterized in that in sf, the number of rotary tillage is 2-3 time, and that tillage depth is controlled io be over thom, after two years of continuous rotary tillage, subsoiing is carried oul, and the loosening depth is controlled to be mors than 35cm,

   4. High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat, according to claim 1, is characterized in that in 81, itis also necessary fo ridge the irrigation area in the field, dig corresponding field ditches for low-lying wheat fields.

   5, High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat, according to claim 1, is characterized in that in 83, for the wheat fields with insufficient soil moisturs, irrigate 30 - 40m® /666.7m” of covering water after sowing.

   8. High-visid and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat, according to claim 1, is characterized in that in 83, 2-4 kg/666 7m? of phosphate fertilizer was applied at jointing stage.

   7. High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheal, according to clam 1, is characterized in that in s4, ihe brassinolde lipid preparation solution is brassinolide and pyridine kresoxim-meifyl in a mass ratio of 1.30000, the 6-BA nutrient solution consists of 1.1-2.5 mg/L of &-benzy! purine, 1-2.5 mg/l of borax and

   0.1-0.2 ppm of epibrassinolide.

   8. High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat, according to claim 1, is characterized in that in sd, the plant cold-resistant agent is a salicylic acd preparation with a concentration of 80-120 pg/ml.

   9. High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheal, according to claim 1, is characterized in that in 85, the chemicals and dosage used io control chemical pests and diseases are any of the following: (1) 50% of carbendazim weltable powder 1009/5668 Tm? and 15% of triadimefon wellable powder 80g/666 Tm? or 80% of tebuconszole 12g/666.7m°+12 5% of diniconazole 20 a/666.7m? 10% of imidacloprid 20g/666.7m°, 5% of Beta-cypermethrin cream 30miBE8.7m?, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 504/666 7m*, (2) 15% of triadimefon wettable powder 75 g/666.7m7 or

   12.5% diniconazole 40m/666.7m7+4 5% of cypermethrin 50 mi/666.7mŸ, 98% of 7500962 potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 g/656. 7m? or liquid folier fertilizer 50 miS66.7m°, (3) 50% of carbendazim S0rmb/666. Tm? or 70% of thiophanate-methy! 1000/6866 Tm? 3% of acelamiorid emulsion 25 ml/866.7m* or 10% of imidaclonrid 200/688. 7m? and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g/666 7m°, (4) 65% of mancozsb 150 4/665,7m? or 70% of thiophanate methyl 100 g/665. 7m? 10% of imidacloprid 20 9666. 7m? and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g/666. 7m?

   10.High-vield and high-efficiency cultivation method of wheat, according to claim 9, is characterized in that the formula for chemical control of pests and diseases is sprayed with 40-50 kg/666, 7m? of water,