LU102751B1

LU102751B1 - Compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging and method for cultivating vegetables using compound material

Info

Publication number: LU102751B1
Application number: LU102751A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Qingzhen Yin; Jianhui Han; Lijuan Qie
Original assignee: Hebei Academy Of Agricultural And Forestry Sciences Economic Crop Res Institute
Priority date: 2021-04-06
Filing date: 2021-04-06
Publication date: 2021-10-06

Abstract

The present invention discloses a compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging, which comprises straw, BYM, water retaining agent, and vermiculite or perlite. The present invention further discloses a method for cultivating grafted vegetables using the compound material, which can achieve the effect of significantly increasing vegetable yield by covering the ground with a certain thickness of compound material combined with pruning or crown cutting treatments.

Description

COMPOUND MATERIAL FOR PROMOTING ROOT GROWTH OF VEGETABLES AND PREVENTING PREMATURE AGING AND METHOD FOR CULTIVATING VEGETABLES LU102751

USING COMPOUND MATERIAL Technical Field The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging and a method for cultivating vegetables using the compound material.

Background Plastic mulching has the functions of warming, retaining water and fertilizer, improving soil physicochemical properties, improving soil fertility, inhibiting the growth of weeds, and reducing disease, which is a commonly used technology in vegetable production and cultivation.

However, plastic mulching technology also has certain limitations. Besides the environmental problem that plastic film is not easy to degrade, due to the warming and heat preservation effects thereof, the plastic film is likely to cause an overhigh ground temperature in a high-temperature season and has an adverse effect to crops, such as eggplant, tomato, sweet pepper and other vegetables; and in the middle and late stages of the growth of the crops, the plastic film will often slow down or stop the growth of roots and cause premature aging, thereby leading to a reduction in yield.

Summary Based on the above status quo, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging, and further provide a method for cultivating vegetables using the compound material.

The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 86-95 parts of straw, 5-14 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 0.15-0.25 parts of BYM, and 0.07-0.1 parts of water retaining agent.

Further, the straw is crushed to a length of 1-4 cm.

Further, the particle size of the vermiculite or perlite is 7-12 mm, wherein the expansion ratio of the vermiculite is 8-12.

Further, the water retaining agent is polyacrylamide, and the particle size thereof is 0.85-6 mm. Polyacrylamide particles of 2-4 mm and 4-6 mm are directly mixed with the vermiculite or perlite, and fine polyacrylamide powder with a particle size of 0.85-2 mm is sprinkled on the mixture of other components and mixed well.

Further, the BYM is BYM-Original propagated bacteria, which is produced by inoculating 09754 BYM-Original-1 and BYM-Original-2 to a carrier at a ratio of 500:1 and then undergoing aerobic propagation.

Preferably, the vegetables are eggplant, tomato or sweet pepper.

A method for cultivating vegetables using the compound material, comprising the following steps: (1) Planting vegetable seedlings in mid-March in the field; (2) Spreading the compound material on the ground after field planting with a thickness of 1-3 cm, and then carrying out normal management; and (3) Carrying out pruning treatment for eggplant or sweet pepper in late July, or crown cutting treatment for tomato in late June, so as to promote roots to develop again.

The application of the compound material of the present invention is not limited to the above three kinds of vegetables. Generally, the compound material can be applied to all over-summering vegetables when corresponding management is carried out according to different vegetables.

When the compound material is applied to cucumber, in step (3), the number of reserved cucumbers shall be reduced from mid-July to early August (only 1-2 cucumbers are reserved), and malformed cucumbers and old bottom leaves shall be removed for over-summering management; with the application of the compound material, a significant increase in yield can be achieved.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: In the early stage of the growth of vegetables, i.e., March to May, the compound material of the present invention generates heat due to covering and heat preservation, absorption of light and heat, and decomposing effect of microorganisms on the straw, which is beneficial to increasing the ground temperature, promoting the development of the root systems of plants, and making the plants grow strong; the middle stage of the growth of vegetables (June to August) is generally in the hot summer, and at this time, improper management will easily damage the root systems of the plants, and slow down or stop the growth. First, the compound material of the present invention can maintain a proper air permeability while conserving moisture by selecting suitable component proportions. Second, sunlight directly radiated to the ground is reduced due to covering, which is beneficial to lowering the ground temperature at this stage, protecting the root systems, and preventing premature aging of the plants. Third, with the decomposition function of the protein of the BYM, various enzymes with strong activity can be produced; the enzymes have strong aerobic fermentation ability, and can quickly catalyze the decomposition of various organic matters to make the organic matters transformed into usable components in a short time, which releases the deposited and solidified nutrients, improves the utilization rate of fertilizers, and promotes the growth of plant roots. In combination with the pruning treatment for eggplant or sweet pepper in late July, the crown cutting treatment for tomato in late June, and the over-summering management for cucumber by reducing the number of reserved cucumbers from mid-July to late August, the redevelopment of roots can be promoted and the distance of nutrient 02751 transportation can be effectively shortened at the same time. In combination with the above characteristics, the vegetables are enabled to have strong and developed root systems in the late stage of the growth, i.e., in late August to October, which makes the growth of the above-ground part and the underground part coordinated and plays a good role in preventing premature aging. Experiments show that the yield of the vegetables can be greatly increased by using the compound material and method of the present invention. Detailed Description The following embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention. The BYM used in the following embodiments is the BYM propagated bacteria produced by China (Shandong) Headquarters of Japan Ferment World Co., Ltd., and the preparation method is as follows:

1. Raw materials: 1000 kg of carrier (wheat bran, rice bran, rice husk meal, etc.) 10 kg of BYM-Original-1 and 20 g of BYM-Original-2 40 kg of bone dust or solubilizing phosphate 10 kg of brown sugar 300 kg-360 kg of water

2. Process flow: Preparation: dissolving 500 g of brown sugar in 10 kg of water first; when the temperature drops below 40°C, adding the BYM-Original-2 and stirring well; and then stirring the solution more than twice every day. The solution can be used after 4-5 five days; (1) Mixing the carrier and the solubilizing phosphate (i.e., calcium magnesium phosphate) well (turning for the first time); (2) Sprinkling the BYM-Original-1 on the carrier; (3) Dissolving the prepared brown sugar in 300 kg-360 kg of water, adding the prepared BYM-Original-2 and spraying evenly on the mixture (or spraying water during turning); (4) Turning for the second time, the purpose of which is to mix the water well with the mixture; (5) Covering the mixture with gunny bags or straw mats. (Note: plastic cloth shall not be used because plastic cloth is not breathable); (6) Turning for another four times afterwara: (1) Turning for the first time after 24 hours but within 48 hours to fully oxygenate (regardless of temperature increase); (2) Turning for the second time when the temperature is increased to 45°C;

(3) Turning once every 24 hours afterward; LU102751 (7) When the fourth turning is completed, spreading out the mixture for airing within 36 hours;

3. Preservation: The prepared BYM propagated bacteria can be used immediately after preparation. If not used immediately, the BYM propagated bacteria can be stored in a sealed package after drying.

Embodiment 1 (Eggplant) A compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of straw, 10 parts of vermiculite, 0.25 parts of BYM, and 0.1 parts of water retaining agent.

The straw is crushed to a diameter of 1-4 cm, the particle size of the vermiculite is 7-12 mm, the expansion ratio of the vermiculite is 8-12, and the water retaining agent is fine polyacrylamide powder with a particle size of 0.85-2 mm.

The compound material can be obtained by mixing the above components well.

The compound material of this embodiment is applied to eggplant cultivation in a greenhouse by the following steps: (1) Grafting eggplant seedlings, and planting the grafted seedlings in the field on March 15; (2) Spreading the prepared compound material on the ground after field planting with a thickness of 3 cm; and (3) Cutting off the part of each eggplant plant above 20-30 cm from the ground in late July, so as to promote roots to develop again, absorb nutrients and supply nutrients for plant growth.

Experiment Example 1 (Eggplant) A controlled experiment is carried out in an eggplant greenhouse of Institute of Cash Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The plot in the greenhouse is divided into two parts, i.e., an experimental group and a control group. Grafted eggplant seedlings of the same variety (Yuanza 471) are planted in the field with a planting density of 1600 plants/667 m°. One vine training is carried out, and the leaves and branches below the first branch are cut off, so as to concentrate nutrients to supply nutrients for fruit growth and promote early maturation. The first fruit of each eggplant plant is harvested in time, and all the leaf buds and branches are removed except the first branch. The reserved branch is pulled or hung from the base thereof with a plastic rope to keep the branch basically upright and prevent the branch from bending or lodging due to continuously born fruits. 18-20 fruits are born by an individual plant. The same cultivation management technique shall be applied except as specifically indicated in the embodiment, and the difference is that: the experimental group adopts the method of embodiment 1, while the control group is different from embodiment 1 in not being covered with the compound material. According to the statistics of the yield of eggplant in the two groups in the year, the yield in the experimental group is 15989 kg/667 m2, and that in the control group is 11826 kg/667 mé 102751 The yield in the experimental group is 4163 kg/667 m? higher than that in the control group. Embodiments 2-3 and Reference Examples 1-3 5 The composition and spreading thickness of the compound material are shown in the table below, and the rest of the management is the same as that in embodiment 1. Reference Reference Reference | See | 8 | 8 | # | # | w ma | #8 | - | ® | - | | Prev | - | 8 | - | 8 | - Water retaining agent Spreading thickness Embodiment 4 (Tomato) A compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 87 parts of straw, 13 parts of vermiculite, and 0.20 kg of BYM and 0.1 kg of water retaining agent per cubic meter.

The straw is crushed to a diameter of 1-4 cm, the particle size of the vermiculite is 7-12 mm, the expansion ratio of the vermiculite is 8-12, and the water retaining agent is polyacrylamide particles with a particle size of 2-4 mm.

The compound material is obtained by first mixing the vermiculite and the polyacrylamide particles well, then adding the straw and the BYM, and mixing the components well.

The compound material of this embodiment is applied to tomato cultivation in a greenhouse by the following steps: (1) Grafting tomato seedlings, and planting the seedlings in the field on March 13 with a planting density of 2200 plants/667 m?; (2) Spreading the prepared compound material on the ground after field planting with a thickness of 2 cm; and (3) Reserving 5 ears of fruits on the trunk and 2 functional leaves on the upper part, and then carrying out pinching; at the same time, selecting and reserving one of the strongest branches and carrying out crown cutting in late June; reserving 3-4 ears of fruits after crown cutting, and then carrying out pinching; and removing all other branches, so as to promote roots to develop again and supply nutrients for plant growth.

Experiment Example 2 (Tomato) LU102751 A controlled experiment is carried out in a tomato greenhouse of Institute of Cash Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The plot in the greenhouse is divided into two parts, i.e., an experimental group and a control group. Grafted tomato seedlings of the same variety (Huiyu) are planted in the field with a planting density of 2200 plants/667 m2. Cordon training is carried out first. Each plant is pulled or hung from the base thereof with a plastic rope to keep the plant basically upright and prevent the plant from bending or lodging due to continuously born fruits. Five ears of fruits are reserved on the trunk, two functional leaves are reserved on the upper part, and then pinching is carried out. At the same time, the part above the fourth ear of fruits is not pulled or hung with a plastic rope, and a fruiting branch is forced to stretch outwards by 50°-90°. Later, as the fruits expand, the weight increases, and the fruiting branch droops gradually. One of the strongest branches between leaf axils of the fourth or the fifth ear of fruits is selected and reserved; the branch is pulled or hung with a plastic rope, and crown cutting is carried out; 3-4 ears of fruits are reserved after crown cutting, and pinching is carried out; and all other branches are removed. 8-9 ears of fruits are born by an individual plant. The same cultivation management technique shall be applied except as specifically indicated in the embodiment, and the difference is that: the experimental group adopts the method of embodiment 4, while the control group is different from embodiment 4 in not being covered with the compound material. According to the statistics of the yield of tomato in the two groups in the year, the yield in the experimental group is 17590 kg/667 m2, and that in the control group is 12779 kg/667 m°. The yield in the experimental group is 4811 kg/667 m° higher than that in the control group. Embodiments 5-6 and Reference Examples 4-6 The composition and spreading thickness of the compound material are shown in the table below, and the rest of the management is the same as that in embodiment 1.

Reference Reference Reference | Sat | #8 | 8 | # | # | fo | | Vemiemiowas | #8 | | a | | =) | Pemiewass | | 8 | |» | Water retaining agent Spreading thickness

It can be seen from the above table that the most suitable proportion ranges of the, 102751 components are selected, and the yield increasing effect of the component proportions outside such ranges is not ideal.

The above describes the examples of optimal embodiments of the present invention, and the part not described in detail is the common knowledge for those ordinary skilled in the art. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subjected to the content of the claims. Any equivalent transformation made on the basis of the technical enlightenment of the present invention shall belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

CLAIMS 1: A compound material for promoting root growth of vegetables and preventing premature aging, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 86-95 parts of straw, 5-14 parts of vermiculite or perlite, 0.15-0.25 parts of BYM, and 0.07-0.1 parts of water retaining agent; the BYM is BYM-Original propagated bacteria, which is produced by inoculating BYM-Original-1 and BYM-Original-2 to a carrier at a ratio of 500:1 and then undergoing aerobic propagation; and the aerobic propagation is to first mix the carrier and solubilizing phosphate well, sprinkle the BYM-Original-1 on the carrier, dissolve prepared brown sugar in 300 kg-360 kg of water, add the prepared BYM-Original-2 and spray evenly on the mixture, and then go through steps of turning and covering. 2: The compound material according to claim 1, wherein the straw is crushed to a length of 1-4 cm. 3: The compound material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite or perlite is 7-12 mm. 4: The compound material according to claim 1, wherein the water retaining agent is polyacrylamide. 5: The compound material according to claims 1-4, wherein the vegetables are eggplant, tomato or sweet pepper.

6: A method for cultivating vegetables using the compound material according to claim 5, comprising the following steps: (1) planting vegetable seedlings in mid-March in the field; (2) spreading the compound material on the ground after field planting with a thickness of 1-3 cm; and (3) carrying out pruning treatment for eggplant or sweet pepper in late July, or crown cutting treatment for tomato in late June, so as to promote roots to develop again.