LT5576B - Radiator with one or more plates having at least two different sections - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to radiator with at least one plate better two or more plates, especially flat radiator which consists of: supply line connection place SP (VL); output line connection place OP (RL); the flow going through first section (1) optimally directed to the heated room and the flow going through at least one other section optimally laid on the back side of the section (1') where before other sections the flow passes evenly through the first section, also at the first section (1) lower end zone it is provided at least one connection with at least one other section (1').

Description

The invention relates to a two-sectional or multi-sectional radiator, in particular a flat radiator or a heating wall according to the general part of claim 1, a single-section radiator with a plate-shaped heating body according to the general part of the invention. The invention further includes a method of manufacturing such radiators according to claim 59 of the invention.

Flat radiators are usually made of profiled half-shells with embossing, preferably steel sheet, which are welded to each other, and can form horizontal as well as vertical ducts. Profiled steel sheets (convective circuits or sheets) are usually fitted with rectangular profiles to increase heating power on heating body surfaces. Flat radiators are among the best types of radiators in terms of their heating capacity, along with valuable decorative and hygienic properties, relatively low weight, which positively influences their control parameters, especially with regard to energy efficient heating systems. As an alternative to the described design of flat panel radiators, flat panel radiator heating panels, not consisting of profiled semi-shells, but of individual flat tubes are available. This does not affect either specific power or operating parameters, only appearance and production costs. Therefore, radiators of this design will not be considered further.

Heating systems, and thus radiators, are usually calculated by estimating the lowest possible outside temperature (so-called calculation parameters) during the heating period, which still guarantees a comfortable room temperature. Calculation parameters of the radiator include, for example, the amount of water passing through the radiator, the resistance to flow, and parts of the radiator having essentially convective and radiant heat transfer. These parameters are usually selected for extreme heating conditions, while the so-called partial load range with the relatively lower heating power that prevails most of the heating season requires different calculations and different radiator parameters.

For the required heat output, so-called single-section flat radiators have a single heating plate, the structure of which is essentially one-piece. In contrast, two-section flat radiators, that is to say, radiators with a front facing a plate and a plate behind it, generally have a symmetrical design whereby a symmetrical flow is always passed through the front and rear heating plates, that is, an equal amount of water. This is also true for a three-sectional or multi-sectional flat radiator on both front heating panels.

With the growing awareness of the need to save heating energy, the requirements for thermal insulation of buildings are tightened, so that even in relatively cold days, radiators only work at partial load, that is, at low inlet temperatures.

It is under partial load conditions, that is, at relatively mild external temperatures, that the symmetrical design of a single part, respectively, is negatively affected. Under partial load radiators only need to supply a few hundred W of heating power so that relatively little water passes through. Because of the generally high convection rate in the total heat transfer, the single or front, room-facing segment of a single-section radiator with convection steel sheets will have relatively low temperatures. This negative effect is exacerbated by the symmetrical design of the multi-sectional radiators, because not only the front segment but also the segments behind it serve for heating. In this way, only part of the heat is released through the front heating plate. At the same time, with low heating power, the front heating plate remains relatively cold. But relatively cold relative to body temperature radiator surfaces adversely affect the indoor microclimate, which is perceived as uncomfortable.

DE 19614330 Cl describes a radiator with two heating plates interconnected by a connecting pipe having a valve. Both heating panels are calculated as convectors, so in this case there are both the above mentioned drawbacks and the drawbacks that will be mentioned later.

DE 4041191 C2 relates to a connection to a multilayer paneled radiator comprising a T-shaped connection element located between two heating panels.

In addition, unexpected extraneous heat sources, such as uneven sunlight, unexpected incandescent lamps, ceiling lights or computers, as well as people in a heated room, also contribute to a partial reduction in the required heating power. For a large part of the radiator convection, this is very quickly caused by the cooling of the radiator surfaces. It should be borne in mind that, with increasing thermal insulation in buildings, previous high-output radiators, even at extreme outside temperatures, must operate almost exclusively under partial loads.

In view of these problems, the main object of the present invention is to modify the aforementioned single-sectional radiators, respectively, with multi-sectional radiators, while retaining attainable heating power under particular conditions within the partial load range so as to increase room comfort while facing the room surface or at least larger segments. stay as warm as possible in the partial load range. In addition, the design of the radiator could be adapted to operate in full or partial load, so that in general, the desirable properties of flat radiators would be preserved or even improved.

High heating capacity at relatively low heating and production costs, as well as good control parameters, which are factors that directly influence the comfort and microclimate of the heated room, are considered to be the most suitable properties.

This object is solved by the invention according to the features set forth in claims 1, 19, 38, 59, respectively.

The two-section or multi-section radiator according to the invention optimally has a single connection to a supply line which is connected only to the front heating panel, respectively, facing the room. The warm water flowing through the inlet connection is distributed as evenly as possible along the top longitudinal edge of the front heating plate itself and through the perpendicular and properly spaced passageways in the foremost, open-facing segment. In this way, regardless of whether the radiator is full load or partial, the front segment is supplied with warmer water than the other segments. This means that with the same heating output, the front segment will be warmer and at the same time more comfortable to touch than conventional systems. This positive effect is best reinforced by the fact that the front segment has a higher radiance than other radiator segments.

To allow water to flow from the forward segment to one or more of the segments behind it, at least one connection pipe is provided, which is optimally located in one of the lower angular areas of the radiator. The water flowing into the rear heating plate is preferably first directed upwards to the upper longitudinal edge, redistributed by a transverse channel therein, and fed through a perpendicular passage thereto to a return connection point in the lower angular area.

If three or more heating plates are provided, water control in the third and all other parts may be effected in an appropriate manner which, from a hydrodynamic point of view, is consistent with the connection of three or more radiators. However, in the three-section radiator, it is also possible to connect both rear heating plates in parallel, and to connect them in series with the front heating plate, for this purpose it is advisable to run the connecting pipe between the front and second heating plates to the very last heating plate.

The advantage is that, in any case, warm water is primarily supplied to the front heating body, so it has a higher surface temperature in partial load mode compared to conventional radiators, which is perceived as a more comfortable microclimate in the room.

Because the first, respectively front segment of the radiator heats relatively evenly over its entire surface, namely in the partial load range, even at low heating power, radiation compensation from the window above the radiator is still possible. In conventional radiators this is not possible due to the high proportion of convection.

Another advantage is that the radiator according to the present invention provides a more even temperature profile of the radiator surfaces. It is precisely because the incoming water is primarily directed exclusively through the front heating plate facing the room that, after passing through the front heating body, for example in full load mode, the water temperature does not yet reach the return temperature typically found in conventional systems; in the middle between the temperature in the feed line and the temperature in the return line. At the same time, the temperature distribution across the radiator surface is smoother, which simplifies the radiator calculation and simplifies the design. Particularly valuable is the fact that a more even temperature distribution is obtained within the partial load range. This is illustrated by the example where the radiator thermostat sets the water flow rate so that the temperature of the past front heating body drops to near room temperature, whereas at equal heating power this would occur in a conventional radiator with symmetrical flow already in the middle of the heating body. the area would feel cold and uncomfortable.

The dual-section radiator purposefully has convection profiles only on its rear heating plate, so such a radiator according to the invention has a relatively larger radiant portion at full heating power, and the rear convection segment no longer warms in the partial load range. If such a radiator is sufficient in the given calculated case for maximum heating output at very low outside temperatures, it is only at relatively mild outside temperatures that last for a considerable period of time,. the radiator will have a relatively larger radiant exposure. Conversely, at lower outside temperatures, the posterior heating plane also warms, thus increasing the convection rate.

The advantage is that the heating body index of such a radiator is not constant over the entire temperature range, but is lower in the partial load range due to a much larger radiant output than at higher heating powers with a higher convection rate. Thus, under partial load conditions, a lower feed temperature is more desirable to obtain the set heating power. At the same time, the radiator according to the invention contributes to the saving of heating costs in the partial load range, which constitutes a greater part of the heating work.

Another advantage is that the heating panel facing the room is warmer according to the invention, which is desirable for each radiator because it requires space heating rather than the back wall, but is not achieved with the symmetrical construction of conventional radiators. In this way, less heat is lost to the outside through the generally thinner insulation of the radiator wall. It is good that the radiator according to the invention is provided on the back with an additional radiant screen, usually of a multi-layer aluminum construction, to increase the thermal insulation in the wall direction. It is expedient to provide such a radiation screen also between the front and rear heating plates in order to obtain thermal insulation of the front heating plane from the rear heating plane. Another advantage is that numerical modeling and thus the construction of the radiator becomes easier, since it is very difficult to model precisely the singularities, respectively, in this case very large local heat loss.

Other benefits occur when using radiators in special cases, such as kindergartens, or when using central heating systems. In kindergartens, it is desirable and provided for by law that the front heating plate should never, under any circumstances, reach temperatures higher than, for example, about 50 ° C. Whereas in conventional radiators this is only possible by lowering the inlet temperature and thus the heating power, and according to the invention it is sufficient to turn the radiator so that the hotter heating plate is turned not to the room but to the rear wall so that with the same heating power there is no risk of burns. This arrangement is also best used in district heating systems, namely in the former Eastern Bloc, where inlet temperatures of up to 130 ° C can be achieved. In conventional radiator systems, built symmetrically, homeowners burn permanently, especially near the entrance. In this case, it is only necessary to turn the radiator so that the heating panel faces relatively well to the side of the room. If the thermal insulation or the central heating system were subsequently improved, then at lower inlet temperatures, it would only be necessary to turn the radiator, thus fully revealing the above advantages, without having to buy a new radiator.

Typically, the connection points at both the feed and return lines are on one corner of the radiator. However, in the case of longer radiators, it is preferable, according to another embodiment, that the joint is centered. The warm water is then purposefully fed to the center of the front heating plate, where it then flows to the left and right streams until it is discharged back into the water return line in the center area of the two-section or multi-section radiator or the rear heating plate itself. In this way, the warm water is purposefully supplied to the upper edge of the front heating body. However, in one more preferred embodiment, both the inlet and outlet are at the bottom edge of the radiator, which necessitates an upward direction of incoming warm water, as will be explained below. It is also necessary in the rear heating body after water passes from the front to the rear heating body.

The advantage of the junction at the center of the long radiator is again the even temperature distribution, since the warm water flowing through the radiator at partial load mode at a relatively low speed need only pass half the length of the heater before leaving the front heater. they will also be warm to the touch. Another advantage of this variant is that such a radiator, especially at low outside temperatures, when cold glass surfaces above the radiator cause a so-called cold air wave due to the upward flow of warm air, swirls along the entire length of the radiator and can cause overcompensation. At the same time, the front and rear ends of the radiator can not be afraid of the cold air falling to the base (towards the feet), as would be the case when connecting the inlet and outlet on the same side.

The above solution principles can be applied not only to multi-layer radiators, but also to single-layer radiators. Therefore, in comparable configurations, it is possible to have a radiator with preferably a greater amount of radiated heat which, at low heating capacities, has a pleasantly warm touch on the radiator surface whereas at high heating capacities such a radiator has a sufficiently high convection heat transfer rate. for frequent extreme cold winter days.

The single-section radiator according to claim 19 of the invention has at least two differently manufactured segments, the first segment of which is optimally turned back to the heated space and is positioned upstream of the next segment.

In such a radiator, water initially passes through the point of connection to the feed line to the first segment, which is optimally located in the upper area of the radiator. If, due to constructional features, the connection point to the feed line is provided at the bottom edge of the radiator, according to the invention, the water is first directed to the upper area by, for example, a specially constructed passageway or support liner, respectively. The water is then distributed through the entire upper longitudinal edge of the radiator and directed in the direction of the return line. Preferably, the first segment has no convective circuits, which provides a very high radiant heat transfer rate, which is about 50% in this segment. The water then passes through the second segment with the best convective circuits and which, as is usually the case in the lower area of the radiator, runs towards the return line.

It is desirable, also for hygienic reasons, that the convection profiles in this segment face away from the room on the radiator side.

The advantage of such a radiator is that it is warm to the touch due to the transverse distribution of the flow medium throughout its length, respectively its width, namely due to the high radiant heat even at partial load. Even if the lower zone remains "cold" at low heating power levels, the extremely warm upper zone is more easily perceived compared to conventional single-section radiators. Therefore, the best position for this area is at road height, especially in the radiators of office buildings.

A preferred embodiment is provided when the radiating segment 5 is directly covered with insulation which extends at least a large portion of its posterior side.

In this embodiment, it is possible to further reduce the convection portion of the radiation segment and to significantly increase the surface temperature as well as the radiation portion due to the reduction of convective heat losses.

To exacerbate this effect, it is also expedient to redistribute the flow ratio in the first and second segments, which is achieved, for example, by greater flow resistance or longer flow passages in the first segment, respectively.

For this purpose, the passage channels of the first segment are optimally in the horizontal direction, whereas in the other segments they pass as usual in the vertical direction. Optimally, the first segment is separated from the remaining segments by a baffle through which at least one connection channel passes. Because of the flow of meander direction in the first segment and the arrangement of the interconnection channel, the diametrically opposite position of the interconnection with the feed line in the first segment provides a large heat exchange surface to increase the radiated portion.

The advantage of having a single-section radiator, due to the different ratios of the convection part to the radiator part in partial load and full load mode, has a non-linear heating body, which decreases just at low heating power, which saves heating costs.

In both single-section and multi-section radiators, this desirable effect can be further enhanced by adjustable mechanics, especially at low heating capacities. The cover sheets are pushed over the convection circuits, thereby eliminating air convection and thereby increasing the amount of heat released by radiant heat compared to the convection-directed part.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a temperature sensor in the segment of the radiator according to the present invention to which less heat is supplied in partial load mode. Usually this segment is located at the bottom end of the radiator. The temperature sensor is optimally connected to the expansion volume, which, due to the temperature-dependent shift in the setting, shifts the blinds that cover as described above. At the same time, the setting offset is controlled precisely so that the convective heat transfer at high heating capacities and at higher temperatures is increased in the sensor area.

The advantage is that the heating body index can be calculated as variable, so that even when the convective circuits are spread over the entire radiator surface, it is possible to realize a heating body with optimum heating power in full load mode with optimum high radiation in partial load mode.

Other advantages of a single-section radiator include the tilting of its lateral segments backwards, respectively, toward the wall, so that, when double and substantially rectangular, they are folded parallel to each other and at a certain distance from the front panel. This embodiment is very close to a two-section radiator. In such a radiator, the middle portion purposefully does not have convection profiles to maximize the radiation portion in this segment facing the room. Conversely, it is desirable to have convective contours on the folded-back side segments that extend optimally over the entire radiator surface.

If the rear surfaces of the radiator extend almost the entire width of the front surface, it is expedient to provide an entrance connection in the middle segment facing the room, whereas the rear side in this case faces two existing return connection points. At the same time, especially with an evenly heated front panel in partial load mode, this embodiment has the particular advantage that it essentially approaches a two-section radiator, where no connection of the two heating bodies to each other via interconnecting pipes is required, which would normally require higher production costs. Conversely, it is relatively easy to bend a single-layer radiator accordingly.

For countries with mild winters, another embodiment of a single-section radiator in accordance with the present invention, in which the return line is made as a pipe passing through a substantial part of its length at the rear of the radiator, is particularly important. This return line purposefully has a plurality of preferably circular or rectangular convection plates which, at cold outside temperatures, significantly increase the amount of heat released by body convection. However, on warmer days, especially at partial load, they barely warm up, as warm water at the front of the heating plane has already cooled to room temperature. In this embodiment, it is expedient to have no convection sheets on the front surface of the radiator.

The advantage is that this embodiment at a relatively low cost allows the construction of a radiator with sufficient thermal power and excellent control parameters. For this purpose, a tube with convection bodies, which is inexpensive and available for sale in meters, is best used. The diameter of this tube as well as the overall surface of the convection bodies can be matched to the design of the radiator. Such a radiator optimally has convectional contours on its front surface, which can be additionally covered by the aforementioned adjustable blinds.

In order to direct the aforementioned flow from the lower angular area upwards, the invention utilizes so-called support liners, respectively, expansion devices with a shaped discharge tube and a transverse hole. When transposed, the transverse aperture enters the extension of the connection element, that is, the connection points with the feed line, respectively, the connection points with the return line, or the extension pipe connecting the front and rear heating plates. In addition, the outlet pipe is located in one of the vertical passageways of the heating plane, so that the outlet can preferably be concentrated in a particular defined passageway.

Advantageously, when using a support insert, the expansion device according to the present invention can therefore have an inlet connection in the lower radiator area when it is not necessary to use a non-radiator tap with a stand to direct water upwards. This helps to further reduce production costs.

The transverse apertures of the supporting parts, respectively expansion devices, are optimally arranged in the shape of the shaped parts, by means of which it is possible to purposefully influence the flow of gaseous or liquid media between the radiator panels.

Then, depending on the embodiment, various functions can be performed. According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the mold part completely covers the holes provided in the support part, thereby interrupting the flow of gaseous or liquid media between the radiator panels.

According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the molded part has a hole which corresponds as much as possible to the holes provided in the support part, thereby providing a directed flow of the flow of gaseous or liquid media to one of the radiator plates.

According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the molded part provides a hole for the exchange of gas flowing media in the radiator panels, but preventing the flow of liquid media between the radiator panels.

It is optimally designed that the molded parts fit into the holes of the support parts with geometric or / or force locking, thus ensuring easy installation.

The moldings are optimally made of low-cost materials such as metal, plastic or ceramics.

The fittings are best designed to fit the outline of the holes in the bearings by their external dimensions and to ensure airtight connection at the assembly points.

Below is a detailed description of the subject matter of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which schematically illustrate optimal embodiments. At the same time, additional advantages and features of the invention are disclosed. The individual features according to the invention may also be combined in any other way. The drawings show:

FIG. 1 is an anterior isometric projection of a two-section flat panel radiator according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a two-section radiator according to the invention with central connection points with feed and return lines;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a two-section radiator where the convection sheets can be covered by expansion volume and blinds;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a single-section radiator according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a single-section radiator according to the invention with backwardly folded lateral segments and central connecting members;

FIG. 6 is another single-section radiator according to the present invention having a rear tubular segment provided with convection bodies;

FIG. 7 - an expansion device (support liner) according to the invention for directing a fluid heating medium flowing through the radiator in a working position;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electrical flat panel radiator according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a radiator in the front mounting space of a wall mounted in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an embodiment wherein the convection segment is adjacent to the radiation segment;

FIG. 11-13 are cross-sectional views of various variants of the molded parts contained in the expansion devices, namely the supporting members;

FIG. 14 is a three-section radiator with isomeric projection of the fittings arranged in the connecting segments and the supporting members;

FIG. 15 is an isometric projection of a two-layer vertical heating wall;

FIG. 16 - partial horizontal section in the upper zone of the vertical heating wall of the heating medium channel;

FIG. 17 is a horizontal sectional view of the lower zone of the heating wall according to FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is an expanded isometric projection of another embodiment of a two-layer vertical heating wall;

FIG. 19 is a partial horizontal section through the passage of the heating medium in the upper zone of the vertical heating wall according to FIG. 18;

Fig. 20 is a horizontal sectional view of the lower area of the heating wall according to Fig. 20; 17;

FIG. 21 is an isometric projection of a two-layer horizontal heating wall;

FIG. 22 is a vertical section of a portion of the horizontal heating wall in the area of the left partition;

FIG. 23 is a vertical section through a portion of the horizontal heating wall to the right of the guide plates;

FIG. 24 is an expanded isometric projection of another embodiment of a two-layer horizontal heating wall;

FIG. 25 is a view of the heating medium passage in the upper zone of the horizontal heating wall according to FIG. 24 partial horizontal incision;

FIG. 26 is a horizontal sectional view of the lower zone of the heating wall according to FIG. 25;

FIG. 27 is a heating wall according to FIG. 25 vertical incision in right lateral zone;

FIG. 28 is an expanded isometric projection of another embodiment of a two-layer horizontal heating wall;

FIG. 29 shows the heating medium passage in the upper area of the horizontal heating wall according to FIG. 28 partial horizontal section;

FIG. 30 is a lower area of the heating wall according to FIG. 29 horizontal section;

FIG. 31 is a heating wall according to FIG. 29 vertical section in the right side zone.

FIG. 1 shows a two-section radiator according to the invention with a so-called one-way connection, where the feed line connection (PD) is located in the upper corner area (a) of the front heating plate 1 and the return connection (GR) is located in the lower corner area of the rear heating plate. (d '). The hot water flowing through the connection point to the feed line is distributed in an appropriate manner in the front heating plate before passing through the connecting element (c-c '), preferably through a metal or plastic pipe, to the rear heating plate 1'.

The heating plate is purposefully made of two half-shell, respectively profiled plates, optimally made of steel sheet or plastic, which are welded, respectively connected to each other in such a way as to prevent water penetration. Each profile is formed so that the heating plate has a plurality of vertically spaced passageways (a-d) and a corresponding transverse passageway is provided on the upper and lower longitudinal edges (a-b, respectively, d-c) of the fluid to distribute the water optimally. For even distribution, the corresponding transverse passageways may expand in the form of a funnel in the longitudinal direction.

Water entering the lower corner area (c ') must first be directed to the upper corner area (b'). The self-heating of the warm water in this angular zone is purposefully supported by a special design of the rear heating plate Γ. For this purpose, a pipe connected to the coupling element (c-c ') may be provided in one of the upstream conduits, so that the incoming water is directed upwards. Alternatively, this tube may be discarded if the passage is separated from the lower transverse passage. A support liner according to the present invention may also be used for this purpose, as will be explained below.

In the upper angular zone (b '), water is diverted again in a horizontal longitudinal direction, as shown by the dashed arrows, until it flows again through vertical passageways toward the return line in the lower angular zone (d ^; ).

For ease of fabrication, the front and rear heating panels may be made the same, so that the point of connection to the feed line PD may also be in the lower corner area (d) of the front heating panel. For this purpose, the warm water flowing through the PD connection to the feed line must first be directed to the upper angular area (a), preferably by means already indicated.

In order to increase the proportion of heat radiated by convection, the heating plates may be provided with convection contours, respectively sheets 2, which may have a rectangular or wavy profile in the top view. In one optimal embodiment, both the front and rear heating panels have a predetermined corresponding convection profile. However, it is possible that only the rear heating plate has one or two convection profiles. To further increase the heating output, the radiator may also have a third heating plate which is located behind and connected to the second heating plate in parallel or in series.

Because of the use of a connection, such as a screw-on connection pipe (c-c '), there is no need for the heating panels to be rigidly connected to one another and can be adapted as modules to the existing conditions.

It is only in partial load mode, that is, at low heating capacities, respectively, at low flow rates, only the front heating plate 1, not the back plate, warms up, which gives a feeling of comfort in the microclimate of the room. If there is no convection profile on the front heating plate, it usually emits about 50% heat. In this case, the radiator has a relatively low heating body rate, so compared to a radiator with a high convection rate, it can be controlled to lower flow rates, which provides better control.

In the case of long radiators, which are necessary for large rooms, especially office premises, the radiator in the connection point to the feed line in area (a) may be warm to the touch, but long before the connecting element (c) - cold to the touch. This may allow the convection caused by the radiator far before the coupling element to be sufficient to cause a vortex and lift upward downward cold air coming from above the radiator window. As a result, someone near, for example, the radiator inlet connection will feel the heat at the feet while another person in the connection area will feel cold due to the descending cold air at the feet.

In order to avoid this unpleasant effect, in one optimal embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, there is provided a central arrangement of junctions with feed and return lines and optimally symmetric branching of incoming warm water to left and right flows. For this purpose, it is desirable to provide a transverse elevation after connection to the feed line location (PD), which is illustrated in FIG. 2 as a transverse line. Two connecting tubes (dd ', cc' respectively) are provided in the lower angular zones (d, cc) respectively, to direct flow to the rear heating plate, the ends having a respective tube, a support liner according to the invention or another suitable device for on the heating plate.

After the impact of the flowing medium on the upper corner zones (a ', b, respectively) of the rear heating plate, the flow is directed to the middle (m). A separating baffle may be provided in the middle of the upper transverse passageway to divide the flow left and right, as shown in the vertical transverse line. The medium flowing through the vertical ducts as well as the transverse duct finally reaches the return connection (GR).

While the surface temperature of a single-sided radiator with feed and return lines drops across the entire width of the radiator, the central contour of the feed line is symmetrical and adds to the comfort of the user.

As the flow passes through the front heating plate in front of the rear heating plate, the heat output from both heating plates is different, especially in partial load mode. It depends on the individual production of heating panels. It is better to make both heating panels the same to reduce production costs. However, in order for the radiator to be able to have a warm front heating plate even with low heating power, the front heating plate must have a larger radiant portion, while the rear heating plate must have a large convection to provide the required heating power on cold days. Therefore, the front heating plate optimally has no convection circuit.

As a compromise between these two extreme cases, another embodiment of the invention provides adjustable blinds that regulate the flow of room air to convective circuits depending on the required heating power. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a two-section radiator according to the present invention with adjustable shutters for two convection circuits.

To this end, the front heating plate 1, which faces the room, has a temperature sensor 6 as well as an expansion volume 3, which are used, for example, for the conversion of windows in greenhouses.

A sliding valve pusher across the heating plates 1, 1 'is connected to the expansion volume 3 on one side and to one of the cover sheets 7 on the other side to provide the sheets with a change of temperature. For transferring the displacement displacement to the second cover sheet, there are provided scissor-shaped guide links 5 with a fixed central pivot point, respectively, and two guide links, the respective one end of which is fixedly connected and the corresponding other end connected so as to slide. Several spring elements 4 may be provided for reversible force such that the cover sheets 7, on the one hand, press the scissor-shaped guide rods 5 and, on the other hand, rest on the spring elements 4, which in turn are supported by the support frame. If only one convection circuit is provided, it is sufficient to connect the valve pusher directly to the cover sheet so that there is no need for guide guides.

The expansion volume is a thermostat capsule with a volume of liquid that expands upon heating and shrinks on cooling, respectively. Usually uses media such as wax or paraffin. The expansion volume is made such that the thermal expansion of the volume is converted into a displacement movement of the valve pusher. The corresponding displacement motion can be linear or temperature dependent, or approach the jump function at a predicted jump temperature. Due to the scissor-shaped mechanics, the displacement of the valve pusher turns into the transverse movement of the covering sheets. They are best made so that at relatively high temperatures in the lower part of the front heating plate, that is when the radiator has to provide high heating power, the cover sheets 7 expose the convection circuits so that the air at the convection circuits can flow freely. In this case, the radiator gives off its heat mainly by convection. The corresponding heating body index for a convection radiator is relatively high, for example 1.5. As the temperature decreases in the lower rear part of the front heating plate, the cover sheets 7 are re-arranged and cover the convection circuits so that the amount of radiated heat is increased and the total heating power is reduced. The increased radiant exposure reduces the corresponding heating body index, for example, by 1.25, which positively affects the control parameters at partial load. In a particular embodiment of the invention, memory alloys or bimetallic springs may be provided to provide switching.

In addition, such control parameters can be selected for control using a thermostat valve 5 which can regulate flow in the radiator segment and convection segment independently of one another, or regulate the radiator section and convection section independently so that at low room heating load , the heaviest part of the radiant segment is loaded and the convection segment is additionally loaded at higher room heating loads.

The solution of the present invention can be used not only in multi-sectional radiators but also in single-sectional radiators. For this, FIG. 4 shows a single-section radiator according to the present invention having a first segment 8, which is preferably located in the upper radiator area, and a second segment 9. The inlet is in the first solution 8, so that a hot water flow passes therethrough. For a more even distribution of warm water in the upper longitudinal edge (a-b), there is optimally provided a transverse passageway to which other transverse passageways are connected in the form of a meander or a few vertical passageways (not shown) that may continue in lower passageways.

In addition, a separating baffle 10 is provided between the first and second segments so that the incoming warm water initially concentrates in the upper zone to release heat therein before entering the lower zone through one or more connection channels 11.

The upper zone is optimally devoid of convective circuits, so the upper zone forms a flat radiator with a high radiance and low body warmth. The lower zone usually has a convection circuit 2, so much of the heat in the lower zone is provided by convection. If a separating baffle is placed between the first segment and the second segment, a consistent connection of the radiant and convective heating bodies is obtained.

When warm water flows at low heating rates and at the same low flow rate into the upper zone, the water cools in the upper zone before entering the second segment, so that a significant part of the radiator surface feels warm and at the same time comfortable. For a uniform temperature distribution over the surface, especially when the radiators are very long, a central location of the connection to the feed line may be provided as above.

When the radiators are very long or high heating capacities are required, it may be expedient to fold back the side parts (a, b) of the radiator, so that in extreme cases, as shown in FIG. 5, an almost two-section radiator is obtained in which the lateral portions optimally run parallel to a substantial portion of the front surface of the heating body. In this case, it is appropriate to choose the central arrangement of the connection points with the feed and return lines shown above. Contrary to the two-section radiator initially described in this embodiment, there is no longer any need to connect the switching pipes to the front and rear heating panels, which greatly reduces production costs. The necessary bending of the radiator can be done both. before and during welding of both radiator halves 20a, 20b.

The convection sheets 2 are purposefully arranged only on the rear heating plate 15 1 'or in the front part only passing through a relatively small part of the height of the radiator, so that this radiator also forms the radiating segment and the convection segment.

FIG. Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a single-section radiator with a forward radius segment 8 and a rear convection segment 9, respectively. For this purpose, a single-section radiator according to the invention or other planar radiators through a generally flexible connecting pipe 13 made of plastic, metal or the like, connected to a radial tubular segment 14. To increase the convection part, the at least posterior tubular segment has a plurality of circular or rectangular , the surface of which is selected according to the required total heating power. Because such pipes will be a very cheap item in the future, sold in meters, it will be possible to realize a radiator that is very cheap on the one hand and provides the benefits of a two-section radiator according to the present invention.

Such a radiator can be used, for example, in warm regions, where winters are relatively mild, where a very high proportion of radiation is required, but only a very small number of days also require a high degree of convection. Consistent coupling of the radiation segment and the convection segment allows both conditions to be satisfied evenly. To further increase the convection rate, the front heating plate can also be partially foreseen with convection sheets, as shown by the dashed wavy line.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the radiator installed in the wall mounting space of the present invention as an exemplary embodiment. Wall mounting space is usually left to sanitize bathrooms as a plinth retaining wall 26 against the wall. The holding stand is used to attach equipment such as a washbasin 28 or the like. At the end of the rescue work, the support stand is covered with plates and used as a practical additional surface 25.

This wall-to-wall mounting space can be used to save space when installing a radiator. In this case, it is optimal to install the single-section or multi-section radiator according to the invention so that the radiator segment 1 faces the room while the conventional segment Γ is in the air box 27. For air convection, the mounting space opposite the wall grating 29, 30. Radiation segment 1 terminates optimally with the anterior upper surface. The convection segment may be constructed as convection sheets or tubes with convection bodies as shown in FIG. 6. This saves space by creating a wall heating surface which, due to the construction of one or more elements of the radiator, particularly at low temperatures in the supply line, feels warm and comfortable.

FIG. 10 illustrates another suitable embodiment of a multi-part radiator according to the present invention in which the emitter segment 1 and one or more convection segments are arranged side by side. The radiant segment 1 is optimally positioned under the window 31 and is of a size such that its surface, even on cold days, can on one hand compensate for the cold radiating surface of its window 31 and, on the other, due to its convection portion , to compensate for falling cold air. The convection segment 1 ¹ is laterally, above or below the radiating segment, successively turned in the direction of flow and positioned preferably along the baseboard. For this purpose, the convection segment is optimally made as a tube with convection bodies, as in FIG. 6, and may in turn be trimmed due to external visual and indoor hygiene requirements.

In all of the above-mentioned multi-section radiators, the front, optimally facing the heating panel, is the warmest, while the wall panels from the side may be relatively cold. As a result, less heat is lost through the walls of the house. To further prevent such heat loss, all radiators of the present invention may be provided with a wall-side radiation screen 12, which is optimally made of multilayer aluminum and is used for both radiation insulation and thermal insulation in the wall direction. Such a radiation screen can be used for insulation between the front heating panel itself and the heating panels arranged outside.

As stated above, the heating medium flowing through the interconnecting tubular member (cc ', respectively, dd') to the lower connection area (c ', respectively, d') of the heating plate Γ must be directed upwards (b ', respectively). , a '). When this is purposefully achieved by a suitably arranged vertical duct, it is best to use an expansion device with an appropriate support liner as explained below with reference to FIG. 7 and 11-14.

. In the upper part of FIG. Part 7 shows the part of the semicircle, respectively, a front view of the plate, that is to say, prior to joining this semiconductor with another semiconductor manufactured in an appropriate manner. As noted above, this semi-shell is profiled, respectively, with indentations 21, 22a, 22b, so that a plurality of passageways 21 according to the present invention pass in an optimally vertical direction. Also on the lower, respectively, upper longitudinal edge (not shown) is a transverse passageway 23 extending substantially at right angles. The lower left, respectively, of Fig. 7 shows a top view of the radiator part according to the invention, respectively. In this embodiment, the connection point 18 with the feed line is located in the middle and on the lower longitudinal edge of the radiator, as provided for long radiators according to the present invention.

For directing the water flowing through the feed line connection PD 18, the vertical passageway adjacent the inlet connection may be separated from the rest of the lower transverse passageway, e.g., by a separating baffle.

However, it is preferable to insert a specially made bearing insert into one of the half shells before expanding the two shells, respectively. FIG. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the support insert has a transverse hole 19a in its lower part which is optimally made as a transition hole and also has a hole 19b extending perpendicular thereto. In its working position, the perpendicular hole 19b is located in one of the vertically extending passageways 21, and the transverse hole 19a is at the height and extension of the connection 18 with the feed line. This arrangement ensures the desired flow upward deviation. At a time when flow deflection is best accomplished through only one passageway, the support liner may also be constructed so that flow passes through multiple passageways.

The support liner is preferably symmetrical in shape to occupy the specified working position. In the embodiment shown in FIG. In the embodiment 7, the outer contour of the support liner is aligned with the semicircular indentation, respectively, of the semicircular profiling, so that the vertically extending hole 19b is in the passageway 21. When the support liner is substantially annular, it may have a recess 19c in working position it fits to the lower longitudinal edge. The symmetrical shape facilitates the automated installation of the support liners, for example by using a robot or by easily shaking one of the half-shells.

To produce the heating plate, they first make imprints 22a, 22b on two plates of plastic-deformable material, preferably steel sheet or plastic. The plate thus profiled forms one semiconductor 20a, 20b. Each half shell has one or more openings for accommodating valve parts and connection points PD, GR, respectively, connecting elements (c-c '). In these locations, the support liners are optimally housed between the two semiconductors to accommodate the very high forces resulting from joining the two semiconductors by welding the joints together to prevent undesirable deformation of the semiconductors. Where additional flow deflection is to occur, a support plate is provided with a directional flow outlet according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 shows a three-section flat radiator with a feed connection PD and a return connection GR. This flat radiator has a first flow of heating medium directed best towards the heated space, a heating plate 1 and two other leaking and rear heating plates 1 'and 1. The heating plates 1, 1' and 1 are connected to one another by hydraulic switching elements. see. The heating plates 1, 1 'and 1 consist of interconnected sheet shells, between which support members 19 having apertures 19a are provided for mounting the connecting members la-d. According to the invention, the expansion portions 19a have molded portions 19.1-19.3 which can purposefully influence the flow of gaseous and liquid media between the radiator plates.

FIG. 12 shows a molded portion 19.1 which completely covers the holes 19a provided in the bearing portion 19 and at the same time stops the flow of gaseous and liquid media between the radiator plates. FIG. 13 shows a molded portion 19.2 having a hole 19.2a which best corresponds to the holes 19a provided in the bearing portion 19 and which provides guided channeling of the gaseous and liquid media to one of the radiator plates.

FIG. 11 shows a molded portion 19.3 having a notch 19.3a that provides gaseous media exchange between the radiator panels but stops the passage of liquid media between the radiator panels. Optimally, the moldings are provided in the apertures 19a of the support members 19 with geometric and / or force locking. Ideally, the fittings are made of metal, plastic or ceramic and, by their external dimensions, conform to the contours of the holes 19a of the bearing members 19, while at the same time providing an airtight connection at the joints.

The heating medium from the connection of the back plate 1 to the middle plate 1 'is directed to the front plate 1 through the intermediate plate 1'. Therefore, the front plate 1 first warms up. This is achieved by the aforementioned fittings. The return GR takes place from the bottom of the front plate 1 to the middle plate 1 'and the rear plate 1.

The above principle is that more heat is supplied to the first segment with a high radiant output, especially at low heating power, than to the other radiator segments. This principle can be applied not only to radiators passing through the heating medium stream, but also to electric radiators as shown in FIG. 8. Thus, in said single-section radiators, respectively, the multi-section radiators, the radiating segment 8 can be arranged, for example, above or before the convection segment 9.

For this purpose, the relevant segments of the present invention are provided with a plurality of electric heating elements (Ri ... Rn, Ri ... r _n ) which are inserted directly into the radiator or into the respective passages with metal bushings as described above. Such an electric radiator may be provided with a water, paraffin or similar closed flow circuit, where flow convection is caused by the heating elements themselves or by an additional actuator. The heating elements of the respective parts are usually connected in parallel.

An electric radiator according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8, the parallel impedance of the first segment 8 is lower than that of the second or other segments 9, thus providing more heat to the first segment. It is appropriate to provide for control of the individual heating elements of the segments, either individually or in cascades, by means of a control device such that the total heating power, and in particular the heat output due to radiation and convection, can be adjusted individually and correspondingly to room conditions. For example, in a two-section radiator, with the desired low heating output, it is preferable to disconnect the panel heating elements on the wall side, leaving the heating body with a large radiant portion on the room side. For this purpose, a relay 16 is additionally provided between the two radiator segments 8, 9.

In another optimal embodiment, the first, respectively, front heating segment 8 has, or has, an additional self-adjusting, self-limiting resistance, which is also used in so-called self-heating heating pipes. The self-limiting impedance consists, preferably, of ferrites embedded in a basic material such as an elastomer. This results in a temperature-dependent resistance which increases with increasing temperature. This can provide an almost leap in temperature change, which limits the electrical resistance by itself, for example at low temperatures.

If the first, respectively, front electric radiator segment 8 according to the present invention has a self-heating heater element, it can be ensured that the resistance of the first, respectively, front segment 8 at lower temperatures is lower than that of the other segments without complicated adjustment. Thus, in the partial load mode, when the radiator surface is relatively cold, the radiator radiator segment heats up more, thus increasing the comfort of the room. At average radiator temperatures, the resistance of both radiator segments is the same, whereas at high heating temperatures, i.e. high heating plate temperatures, the surface temperature of the first segment remains at a set temperature due to cell self-tension.

Due to the above-mentioned separation of the radiator according to the present invention into an outgoing flow radiator segment and a convection segment downstream thereof, non-linear control parameters can be optimally ensured:

in the case of a small heating demand, the heat is delivered mainly by radiant heat, whereas at a high heating demand, a greater part of the heat is delivered through convection.

The required thermal output in rooms with good thermal insulation and partial load ranges can change significantly, for example, when the required heating power is only 400 W, the 300 W ceiling halogen lighting suddenly turns on or off. Therefore, for further improvement of the control parameters according to the present invention, it is desirable that the radiator operate with a thermostatic valve having a non-linear, e.g. progressive or regressive control characteristic. In addition, the control valve is optimally constructed so that flow through the conventional segment can be fully or partially stopped, respectively, independently of the radiation segment control.

The foregoing description of the invention applies to a radiator passing through a flow of warm fluid, but the principle of differential loading of spaced radiator segments can also be applied to cooling bodies such as ceiling coolers passing through a cold flow of fluid. In this way, in a two-compartment cooling body, the first segment is facing toward the room, at which time the posterior segment is placed on the side of the wall or connected to another heat exchanger. For example, in a single-sectional cooling body, it may be desirable for the initially skipping segment to be in the middle or edge of the cooling body while the remaining segments are disposed in a complementary manner.

In some special applications, such as kindergartens or central heating systems in the former Eastern Bloc, multi-sectional radiators of the present invention may also be used in the opposite configuration such that the heating panel facing toward the heated room is colder than the panel placed behind it. This way, the front heating plate cannot burn your fingers, which is already required by law in some countries in kindergartens. If the building conditions, such as the thermal insulation or the purposes of use, change, the multi-section radiators of the present invention can simply be rotated so that the warmer heating panel faces the room, thereby providing the above advantages. This adjustment can be done without replacing or buying new radiators.

FIG. Fig. 15 shows a two-section vertical heating wall with so-called one-way connection, where the connection PD to the feed line is in the upper corner area of the front heating plate 1 and the return connection GR to the lower corner area of the rear heating plate. The warm water entering through the inlet connection is distributed in an appropriate manner in the upper heating plate before being directed to the rear heating plate 1 'by a switching member preferably through a pipe of metal or plastic. The flow of water in the upper zone is shown in FIG. 16, and in the lower zone, figs. 17. The connecting pipes are made in such a way that the heating medium can reach the rear heating plate only in the upper right area. For this purpose, means are employed in accordance with the above embodiments of the invention, which can be readily applied by those skilled in the art to heating walls. FIG. Fig. 16 shows a vertical heating wall in which the heating plates are connected to each other in the upper and lower corner, · zones by T-elements. Flow control of the heating medium is effected as shown in FIG. 17 and 18, with T-shaped members made of a closed or permeable fluid such that the front heating plate always receives the flow of heating medium before entering the rear heating plate.

FIG. 21-31 illustrate different embodiments of horizontal heating walls, wherein the heating pipes are arranged horizontally and connected to one another by collector pipes of compact construction. Flow control of the heating medium proceeds as shown in FIG. 22 and 23, through guide plates in the side zones, which are arranged so that the front heating plate receives flow always in front of the rear heating plate.

FIG. 24-31 illustrate other embodiments of horizontal heating walls, wherein the flow of heating medium is controlled analogously to the above embodiments for vertical heating walls, that is, through the correspondingly formed connecting pipes or T-shaped members. In order to avoid duplicates, a duplicate description thereof is not provided and reference is made to the previous description of embodiments.

Claims (10)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. At least one section, optimally two section or multi section 2. A radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first segment (1) is made so that a greater amount of heat can be supplied to it than to the rest of the radiator segments, at least at low heating power. 3. A radiator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the segments are made in the form of plates and are preferably formed of profiled plates or flat tubes which are connected to one another through manifolds, preferably of sheet steel, where the plates are profiled so that The 25 segments (1, 1 ') include a plurality of passageways having a longer passage in the first segment (1) than the rest of the segments, the flow resistance of the passageways of the first segment (1) being lower than in the other segments, and tubular connections, preferably of metal or plastic. 4. A radiator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the feed line connection (PD) and the return line connection (GR) are each disposed on one vertical longitudinal edge of the radiator or each at the center of a horizontal radiator. 5, the heating medium is directed to the radiator. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the expansion means provides guide means for securing their orientation. 5 pipes interconnected by manifold ducts. 33. A radiator according to claim 32, characterized in that it is formed with a hollow space for passing fluid, preferably water or paraffin. . 34. A radiator according to claim 33, wherein the heating elements are mounted directly in one or more hollow passage spaces (21) or the heating elements are mounted in metal bushings and the bushings are mounted in hollow passage spaces (21). 35. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that at least one expansion device (19) is arranged between the half-shells, respectively, of the plates (20a, 20b) of the heating segment (1, Γ). 20th 36. The radiator of claim 35, wherein at least one of the expansion devices (19) has at least one passage channel (19b) for providing a defined tolerance of the heating medium. 37. A radiator according to any one of claims 35 or 36 wherein: The expansion unit (19) comprises means (19b, 19c) for securing the intended direction of installation of the expansion unit between the half-shell, respectively, of the heating plate plates which include the feed line pipe (PD). 38. The radiator of claim 37 wherein: The guide means 30 (19b) comprises at least one passage channel (19b), respectively, formed from it.32 39. A radiator according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the guide means (19b) has an outer contour which at least approximately corresponds to the contour (21, 22a, 22b) between the hemispheres, respectively, between the slabs for improving orientation, respectively. A radiator according to any one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that the expansion device (19) is provided with moldings (19.1 to 19.3) for purposefully influencing the flow of gaseous and liquid media between the radiator panels (1, Γ, 1). 41. A radiator according to claim 40, wherein the mold portion (19.1) completely covers the opening (19a) provided in the expansion device (19) and stops the flow of gaseous and liquid media between the radiator plates (1, Γ, 1) or molded portion (19). 19.2) having a hole (19.2a) which corresponds as closely as possible to the hole (19a) provided in the expansion device (19) and which provides a controlled channeling of the gaseous and liquid media to one of the radiator plates (1, Γ, 1); a hole (19.3a) is provided which allows the exchange of gaseous media between the radiator panels (1, Γ, 1) but stops the passage of the liquid medium between the radiator panels (1, Γ, 1). 42. A radiator according to any one of claims 40 to 41, characterized in that the molded parts (19.1-19.3) in the aperture (19a) are provided with geometric or force locking. 43. A radiator according to any one of claims 40 to 42, characterized in that the fittings (19.1 to 19.3) are made of metal, plastic or ceramic and, in their external dimensions, conform to the outline (19a) of the expansion device (19) and provide airtight connection. at junctions. A method of manufacturing a radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein - provides at least two semicircular, respectively, plates, preferably one or more pairs of plates of plastic deformable material, - at least one of these paired panels provides a guide structure for deflecting the heating medium, - interconnects the panels with each other by extending the expansion devices at the intended locations between the panels, with at least one passageway, characterized in that the expansion device is oriented as 26. A radiator according to any one of claims 13 to 23, characterized in that it has two segments and the first segment (8) is midway between the remaining portions of the segment (9). 27. A radiator as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 26 wherein: 10 have a radiating screen (12) on the side of the wall, preferably made of multilayer aluminum. 28. Single or multi-section electric radiator, preferably flat radiator or heating wall comprising at least two different radiators 15 calculated segments (8, 9) having a plurality of heating elements (Ri ..... R ', ri ...... r _m ) and a control unit, characterized in that the control unit is constructed such that the resistance is adjustable independently of each other, and more heat is supplied to the first segment than to the remaining segments, at least at low heating 20 for power. 29. A radiator according to claim 28, which is made in one section and combined with two segments, wherein the first segment (8) is positioned above the second segment (9) or the first segment (8) optimally. 25 facing the heated room and placed in front of the remaining segments (9). 30. The radiator of any one of claims 28 to 29, wherein the total electrical resistance of the first segment is less than the corresponding total impedance of the other segments. 31. A radiator according to any one of claims 28 to 29, wherein the first segment (8) is provided with a self-adjusting, respectively self-limiting resistance, optimally embedded in elastomeric spheres. 32. A radiator according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the segments are made of profiled flat material, preferably of sheet steel, forming a plurality of passageways (21, 23), or of panels 5 at least one partition (10). 19. A radiator as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that only one connection channel (11) passes through the separating baffle (10). 20. Radiator according to claim 19, characterized in that the connection channel (11) is located on one vertical longitudinal edge of the heating body. 21. A radiator according to claim 18, characterized in that a plurality of connecting channels (11) pass through the separating baffle (10). 22. A radiator as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the connection point (PD) to the feed line is located on one vertical longitudinal edge of the heating body or at the center of the horizontal length of the heating body. 23. A radiator according to any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the heating body is tilted back on at least one of its longitudinal edges to form a rear, optimally facing toward the wall, a heating body surface which extends optimally parallel to the front surface of the heating body, In addition, the entrance is located on the front of the heating body, optimally facing the heated space. 24. A radiator as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 23, wherein the return connection (GR) is tubular and extends through a major portion of its length at the rear of the heating body. 25. The radiator of claim 24, wherein the tubular return line (14) comprises a plurality of circular or rectangular convection bodies (15). 5 per heating plate. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first segment (1) is placed above or below the second segment (Γ), moreover, both segments are made in one heating body, respectively, 5 radiators, optimally flat radiators or heating wall, comprising: feed line connection (PD), return line connection (GR), - a first segment (1), impermeable to flow and optimally directed to the heated space, and 10 - at least one transient flow and an optimally positioned posterior segment (Γ), characterized in that the flow in the first segment passes substantially uniformly ahead of the other segments, furthermore, only the lower end zone of the first segment (1) provides at least one junction with at least one another 15 segments (1 '). 6. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surfaces of the segments (1, 1 ') are provided with convective contours (2), which optimally have a rectangular or wavy profile. 7. The radiator of claim 6, wherein the first segment (1) has no convective contour. 8. A radiator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein 15 are provided with adjustable blinds (7) for changing the cross-sectional flow of convective circuits (2), wherein the blinds (7) can be displaced in a temperature dependent manner such that at low inlet temperatures in the first segment (1) the blinds (7) convective contours (2). 9. A radiator according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a heat sensor (6) mounted in the first segment (1). 10. A radiator according to any one of claims 8-9, characterized in that A temperature dependent expansion volume (3) or memory alloy or bimetallic is provided to change the position of the 25 blinds (7). 11. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an insulating layer is provided, preferably one-layer or multilayer. 30 aluminum, between the first segment and the segment at least behind it, optimally in the first segment. 12. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it has a radiating screen, preferably made of multilayer aluminum, on the side of the wall. 5 13. Single-section, optimally flat radiator or heating wall comprising: - feed line connection (PD) location, the return link point (GR), and - a flow-through heating body made in the form of a plate, characterized in that at least two different calculations are provided 10 segments (8, 9), wherein the first segment (8) is positioned upstream of the remaining segments and can be supplied with more heat than the remaining segments, at least at low heating power. 14. A radiator according to claim 13, characterized in that at least 15 convection contours (2) are provided on the surface of the heating body, which, in the top view, have an optimally rectangular or wavy profile. 15. A radiator according to claim 14, wherein the convective circuits of the first section (8) have a total surface area smaller than the remaining sections. 20 surfaces. 16. The radiator of claim 14 wherein the first section (8) has no convection circuits. 25th 17. A radiator according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the heating body is made of a profiled sheet material, preferably a sheet of steel, forming a plurality of passageways, or of flat tubes interconnected with manifold ducts, wherein the first segment (8) the flow resistance of the flow channels is lower than that of the rest 30 segment resistance. 18. A radiator according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the heating body is profiled such that at least the first segment (8) has a plurality of passageways extending upwards and downwards in the horizontal direction and in the form of a meander, and / or at least the second segment (9) is profiled so as to have a plurality of vertical passageways, the first segment (8) being separated from the remaining segments 46. The method of manufacturing a radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the at least one heating plate consisting of flat tubes provides a guiding structure for directing the heating medium, wherein the guiding structure is used to direct the heating medium to a single heating medium. or individual segments of several heating panels.