LT5574B - One-sectional or multisectional heater with at least two differently fitted segments - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to two-sectional or multi sectional heater, especially to plane heater or to one sectional heater with plate shaped heating body and to electrical heater. Furthermore the invention relates to method for producing heaters. Furthermore the invention relates to heater, which comprises a connecting set for joining parts of heater to an inlet of central heating equipment and to reversible line, for example, central heating equipment, which refers to heat of heating equipment with two heating parts, preferably with two heating plates. A heat is fed by a system of a central. A connecting set comprises an inlet set and reversible set, which are placed in lower zone of connecting set, accordingly of heater. One sectional, preferably two- sectional or multi sectional heater, especially plate heater or heating wall comprises connecting place (PD) with feeding lane, connecting place (GR) with reversible line wherein a flow of a heating medium passes basically by a segment (1) therefore i

Description

The invention relates to a two-sectional or multi-sectional radiator, in particular a flat radiator according to the general part of claim 1, a single-section radiator with a plate-shaped heating body according to general part 19 of the invention and an electric radiator according to general part 38 of the invention. The invention further comprises a method of manufacturing such radiators according to claim 52 of the invention. The invention further relates to a radiator according to claim 55, comprising a connection piece for connecting radiator parts to a district heating supply line and a return line such as central heating equipment respectively based on two heating units, preferably two heating panels, heat supplied by district heating networks, where the connection product includes the input product and the return product, which are located in the lower area of the connection product, respectively the radiator.

Flat radiators are usually manufactured from profiled half-shells with embossing, preferably steel sheet, which are welded to one another, and can thus form horizontal as well as vertical ducts. Profiled steel sheets (convective circuits or sheets) are usually fitted with rectangular profiles to increase heating power on heating body surfaces.

- 25 Flat panel radiators are among the best types of radiators in terms of their heating capacity, along with valuable decorative and hygienic properties, and relatively low weight, which favors their control parameters, especially with regard to energy efficient heating systems. As an alternative to the described design of flat panel radiators, flat panel radiator heating panels, not consisting of profiled semi-shells, but of individual flat tubes are available. This does not affect either specific power or operating parameters, only appearance and production costs.

Therefore, radiators of this design will not be considered further.

Heating systems, and thus radiators, are usually calculated by estimating the lowest possible outside temperature (so-called calculation parameters) during the heating period, which still guarantees a comfortable room temperature. Calculation parameters of the radiator include, for example, the amount of water passing through the radiator, the resistance to flow, and parts of the radiator having essentially convective and radiant heat transfer. These parameters are usually selected for extreme heating conditions, while the so-called partial load range with the relatively lower heating power that prevails most of the heating season requires different calculations and different radiator parameters.

For the required heat output, so-called single-section flat radiators have a single heating plate, the structure of which is essentially one-piece. In contrast, two-section flat radiators, i.e. radiators with a front facing a heated space, a plate and a plate behind it, generally have a symmetrical design, whereby a symmetrical flow is always passed through the front and rear heating plates, that is, an equal amount of water. This is also true for a three-sectional or multi-sectional flat radiator on both front heating panels.

With the increasing awareness of the need to save heating energy, the requirements for thermal insulation of buildings are tightened, so that even in relatively cold days, radiators work only at partial load, that is, at low inlet temperatures.

It is under partial load conditions, that is, at relatively mild external temperatures, that the symmetrical design of a single part, respectively, is negatively affected. Under partial load radiators only need to supply a few hundred watts of heating power so that relatively little water passes through them. Because of the generally high convection portion of the total heat transfer, the single or front segment of a single-section radiator with convection steel sheets will have relatively low temperatures. This negative effect is exacerbated by the symmetrical design of the multi-sectional radiators, because not only the front segment but also the segments behind it serve for heating. In this way, only part of the heat is released through the front heating plate. At the same time, with low heating power, the front heating plate remains relatively cold. But relatively cold compared to body temperature, radiator surfaces adversely affect the indoor microclimate, which is perceived as uncomfortable.

DE 19614330 C1 describes a radiator with two heating plates interconnected by a connecting pipe having a valve. Both heating panels are calculated as convectors, so in this case there are both the above mentioned drawbacks and the drawbacks that will be mentioned later.

DE 4041191 C2 relates to a connection to a multilayer paneled radiator comprising a T-shaped connection element located between two heating panels. In addition, unexpected extraneous heat sources, such as uneven sunlight, unexpected incandescent lamps, ceiling lights or computers, as well as people in the heated room, are contributing to the partial reduction in required heating power. For a large part of the radiator convection, this is very quickly caused by the cooling of the radiator surfaces. It should be borne in mind that, with increasingly effective thermal insulation of buildings, previous radiators of high heating power, even at extreme outside temperatures, must operate almost exclusively under partial loads.

Also known in the art are radiator connection equipment (radiators), respectively, radiators with corresponding connection radiators, in which at least two heater body heating segments are connected from below to the side or bottom to the middle. This downstream connection allows the heating medium to be fed parallel to the heating body heating segments, preferably to the heating plates, while in principle it is preferable for the flow to flow from above first through the front segment, respectively, the front radiator heating plate. In this case, the predominant heating power comes from the front heating plate, since the radiant portion of the front heating plate plays a major role in the microclimate of the room and the comfort of the room where the radiator is located.

In view of these problems, it is a primary object of the present invention to modify the aforementioned single-section radiators, respectively, with multi-section radiators, while retaining attainable heating power under particular conditions within the partial load range so as to increase room comfort while facing the room surface. the segments within the partial load range will remain as warm as possible. In addition, the design of the radiator could be adapted to operate in full or partial load, so that in general, the desirable properties of flat radiators would be preserved or even improved.

High heating capacity at relatively low heating and production costs, as well as good control parameters, which are factors that directly influence the comfort and microclimate of the heated room, are considered to be the most suitable properties.

This object is solved by the invention based on the features set forth in claims 1, 20, 39, 53, respectively.

The two-section or multi-section radiator according to the invention optimally has a single connection to a supply line which is connected only to the front heating panel, respectively, facing the room. The warm water flowing through the inlet connection is distributed as evenly as possible along the top longitudinal edge of the front heating plate itself and through the perpendicular and appropriately spaced ducts in the front, facing the room. In this way, regardless of whether the radiator is full load or partial, the front segment is supplied with warmer water than the other segments. This means that with the same heating output, the front segment will be warmer and at the same time more comfortable to touch than conventional systems. This positive effect is best reinforced by the fact that the front segment has a higher radiance than other radiator segments.

To allow water to flow from the forward segment to one or more of the segments behind it, at least one connection pipe is provided, which is optimally located in one of the lower angular areas of the radiator. Preferably, the water flowing into the rear heating plate is initially directed upwardly towards the upper longitudinal edge, redistributed by a transverse channel therein, and fed through a perpendicular passage thereto into the lower angular space of the return connection. .

If three or more heating plates are provided, water control in the third and all other parts may be effected in an appropriate manner which, from a hydrodynamic point of view, is consistent with the connection of three or more radiators. However, in the three-section radiator, it is also possible to connect both rear heating plates in parallel and to connect them in series with the front heating plate, for this purpose it is advisable to route the connecting pipe between the very first and second heating plates to the last heating plate.

The advantage is that, in any case, warm water is primarily supplied to the front heating body, so it only has a higher surface temperature in partial load mode than conventional radiators, which is perceived as a more comfortable microclimate in the room.

Because the first, respectively front segment of the radiator heats relatively evenly over its entire surface, namely in the partial load range, even at low heating power, radiation compensation from the window above the radiator is still possible. In conventional radiators this is not possible due to the high proportion of convection.

Another advantage is that the radiator according to the present invention provides a more even temperature profile of the radiator surfaces. It is precisely because the incoming water is primarily directed exclusively through the front heating plate facing the room that, after passing through the front heating body, for example in full load mode, the water temperature does not yet reach the return temperature typically found in conventional systems; in the middle between the temperature in the feed line and the temperature in the return line. At the same time, the temperature distribution across the radiator surface is smoother, which simplifies the radiator calculation and simplifies the design. Particularly valuable is the fact that a more even temperature distribution is obtained within the partial load range. This is illustrated by the example where the radiator thermostat sets the water flow rate so that the temperature of the water passing the front heating body drops almost to room temperature, whereas at equal heating power this would occur in a conventional radiator with symmetrical flow already in the middle of the heating body. the surface over a large area would feel cold and uncomfortable.

The dual-section radiator purposefully has convection profiles only on its rear heating plate, so such a radiator according to the invention has a relatively larger radiant portion at full heating power, and the rear convection segment no longer warms in the partial load range. If such a radiator is sufficient in the given case, calculated at maximum heating power at very low outside temperatures, then at relatively mild outside temperatures, which last for a considerable period of time, the radiator will have a relatively higher radiant exposure. Conversely, at lower outside temperatures, the posterior heating plane also warms, thus increasing the convection rate.

The advantage is that the heating body index of such a radiator is not constant over the entire temperature range, but is lower in the partial load range due to a much larger radiant output than at higher heating powers with a higher convection rate. Thus, under partial load conditions, a lower feed temperature is more desirable to obtain the set heating output. At the same time, the radiator according to the invention contributes to the saving of heating costs in the partial load range, which constitutes a greater part of the heating work.

Another advantage is that according to the invention the heating panel facing the room is warmer, which, although desirable for each radiator, because it requires heating not the back wall but especially the room, is not achievable with the symmetrical construction of conventional radiators. In this way, less heat is lost to the outside through the generally thinner insulation of the radiator wall. It is advantageous for the radiator according to the invention to be provided at the rear with an additional radiant screen, usually of a multi-layer aluminum construction, to increase the thermal insulation in the wall direction. It is expedient to provide such a radiation screen also between the front and rear heating plates in order to obtain thermal insulation of the front heating plane from the rear heating plane. Another advantage is that numerical modeling and thus the construction of the radiator becomes easier, since it is very difficult to model precisely the singularities, respectively, in this case very large local heat loss.

Other benefits occur when using radiators in special cases, such as kindergartens, or when using central heating systems. In kindergartens, it is desirable and provided for by law that the front heating plate should never, under any circumstances, reach temperatures higher than, for example, about 50 ° C. Whereas in conventional radiators this is possible only by reducing the inlet temperature and thus the heating power, and according to the invention it is sufficient to rotate the hotter heating plate not to the room but to the rear wall so that with the same heating power , there is no risk of burns. This arrangement is also best used in district heating systems, namely in the former Eastern Bloc, where inlet temperatures of up to 130 ° C can be achieved. In conventional radiator systems, built symmetrically, homeowners burn permanently, especially near the entrance. In this case, it is only necessary to turn the radiator so that the heating panel faces relatively well to the side of the room. If the thermal insulation or the central heating system were subsequently improved, then at lower inlet temperatures, it would only be necessary to turn the radiator, thus fully revealing the above advantages, without having to buy a new radiator.

Typically, the connection points at both the feed and return lines are on one corner of the radiator. However, in another embodiment, it is preferable for longer radiators to have a joint at the center. The warm water is then purposefully fed to the center of the front heating plate, where it then flows to the left and right streams until it is discharged back into the water return line in the center area of the two-section or multi-section radiator or the rear heating plate itself. In this way, the warm water is purposefully supplied to the upper edge of the front heating body. However, in one more preferred embodiment, both the inlet and outlet are at the bottom edge of the radiator, which necessitates an upward direction of incoming warm water, as will be explained below. It is also necessary in the rear heating body after water passes from the front to the rear heating body.

The advantage of the junction at the center of the long radiator is again the even temperature distribution, since the warm water flowing through the radiator at partial load mode at a relatively low speed only needs to pass half the length of the heater before leaving the front heater. the parts will also be warm to the touch. Another advantage of this variant is that such a radiator, especially at low outside temperatures, where cold glass surfaces above the radiator cause a so-called cold air wave, swirling along the entire length of the radiator due to the upward warm air flow and can cause overcompensation. At the same time, the front and rear ends of the radiator can not be afraid of the cold air falling to the base (towards the feet), as would be the case when connecting the inlet and outlet on the same side.

The above solution principles can be applied not only to multi-layer radiators, but also to single-layer radiators. Therefore, in comparable configurations, it is possible to have a radiator with a desirable higher radiant heat, which has a pleasantly warm radiator surface at low heating power, whereas at high heating power such a radiator has a sufficiently high convection heat output, so it is sufficient for less frequent extreme cold winter days.

A single-section radiator according to claim 19 of the invention has at least two differently manufactured segments, of which the first segment, which is optimally turned back to the heated space, is positioned upstream of the next segment.

In such a radiator, water initially passes through position 5 of the feed line connection to the first segment, which is optimally located in the upper area of the radiator. If the connection point to the feed line is provided at the bottom edge of the radiator due to constructional features, the water is first directed to the upper area according to the invention, for example by a specially constructed passageway or support liner, respectively. The water is then distributed through the entire upper longitudinal edge of the radiator and directed in the direction of the return line. Preferably, the first segment has no convective circuits, which provides a very high radiant heat transfer rate, which is about 50% in this segment. The water then passes through the second segment, preferably having convective circuits, which is, as usual, in the lower region of the radiator, towards the return line. It is desirable, also for hygienic reasons, that the convection profiles in this segment face away from the room on the radiator side.

The advantage of such a radiator is that it is warm to the touch due to the transverse distribution of the flow medium throughout its length, respectively its width, namely due to the high radiant heat even at partial load. Even if the lower zone remains "cold" at low heating power levels, the warmer upper zone is more easily perceived compared to conventional single-section radiators. Therefore, the best position for this area is at road height, especially in the radiators of office buildings.

A preferred embodiment is provided when the emitter segment is directly covered with insulation that extends at least substantially over its posterior side.

In this embodiment, it is possible to further reduce the convection portion of the radiant segment and to significantly increase the surface temperature as well as the radiant portion due to the reduction of convective heat loss.

To exacerbate this effect, it is also expedient to redistribute the flow ratio in the first segment 30 and the second, which is achieved, for example, by greater flow resistance or longer flow passages in the first segment, respectively.

For this, the passageways of the first segment optimally travel in the horizontal direction, whereas in the other segments they pass as usual in the vertical direction. Optimally, the first segment is separated from the remaining segments by a baffle through which at least one connection channel passes. Because of the flow of meander direction in the first segment and the arrangement of the interconnection channel, the diametrically opposite position of the interconnection with the feed line in the first segment provides a large heat exchange surface to increase the radiated portion.

The advantage of having a single-section radiator, due to the different ratios of the convection part to the radiator part in partial load and full load mode, has a non-linear heating body, which decreases just at low heating power, which saves heating costs.

In both single-section and multi-section radiators, this desirable effect can be further enhanced by adjustable mechanics, especially at low heating capacities. The cover sheets are pushed over the convection circuits, thereby eliminating air convection and thereby increasing the amount of heat released by radiant heat compared to the convection-directed part.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a temperature sensor in the segment of the radiator according to the invention to which less heat is supplied in partial load mode. Usually this segment is located at the bottom end of the radiator. The temperature sensor is optimally connected to the expansion volume, which, due to the temperature-dependent shift in the setting, shifts the blinds that cover as described above. At the same time, the setting offset is controlled precisely so that the convective heat transfer at high heating capacities and at higher temperatures is increased in the sensor area.

The advantage is that the heating body index can be calculated as variable, so that even when the convective circuits are spread over the entire radiator surface, it is possible to realize a heating body with optimum heating power in full load mode with optimum high radiation in partial load mode.

Other advantages of a single-section radiator include the tilting of its lateral segments backwards, respectively, toward the wall, so that, when double and substantially rectangular, they are folded parallel to each other and at a certain distance from the front panel. This embodiment is very close to a two-section radiator. In such a radiator, the middle portion purposefully does not have convection profiles to maximize the radiant portion in this segment facing the room. Conversely, it is desirable to have convective contours on the folded-back side segments that extend optimally over the entire radiator surface.

If the rear surfaces of the radiator extend almost the entire width of the front surface 5, it is expedient to provide for an entrance connection in the middle segment facing the room, whereas in the latter case two existing connection points to the return line collide. At the same time, especially with an evenly heated front panel in partial load mode, this embodiment has the particular advantage that it essentially approaches a two-section radiator, where no connection of two heating bodies to one another is required, which would normally require higher production costs. Conversely, it is relatively easy to bend a single-layer radiator accordingly.

For countries with mild winters, another embodiment of a single-section radiator in accordance with the present invention, in which the return line is made as a pipe passing through a substantial part of its length at the rear of the radiator, is particularly important. This return line purposefully has a plurality of preferably circular or rectangular convection plates which, at cold outside temperatures, significantly increase the amount of heat released by body convection. However, on warmer days, especially at partial load, they barely warm up, as warm water at the front of the heating plane has already cooled to room temperature. In this embodiment, it is expedient to have no convection sheets on the front surface of the radiator.

The advantage is that this embodiment at a relatively low cost allows the construction of a radiator with sufficient thermal power and excellent control parameters. For this purpose, a tube with convection bodies, which is inexpensive and available for sale in meters, is best used. The diameter of this tube as well as the overall surface of the convection bodies can be matched to the design of the radiator. Such a radiator optimally has convectional contours on its front surface, which can be additionally covered by the aforementioned adjustable blinds.

In order to direct the aforementioned flow from the lower angular area upwards, the invention utilizes so-called support liners, respectively, expansion devices with a shaped discharge tube and a transverse hole. When transposed, the transverse aperture enters the extension of the connection element, that is, the connection points with the feed line, respectively, the connection points with the return line, or the extension pipe connecting the front and rear heating plates. In addition, the outlet pipe is located in one of the vertical passageways of the heating plane, so that the outlet may preferably be concentrated in a particular defined passageway.

Advantageously, when using a support insert, the expansion device according to the present invention can therefore have an inlet connection in the lower radiator area when it is not necessary to use a non-radiator tap with a stand to direct water upwards. This helps to further reduce production costs.

In addition, it is necessary to create a radiator with connecting equipment (gamitage), which prevents undifferentiated flow through the heating segments of the radiator in the least dominant form.

The essence of the possible advantages of this embodiment is that the connection equipment, starting from the input of the equipment, comprises a stand which feeds the heating medium to one of the heating segments, respectively, to one of the heating plates. In addition, the connection device according to the present invention comprises an additional stand which connects one, optimally front, heating segment to another, optimally rear heating segment, and an additional branch that connects the other heating segment with the return of the production, so that the heating segment optimally heating panels can be connected sequentially to the heating equipment.

An upstream end of the riser may include a tap, thermostatic valve, or the like, which allows the flow of heating medium through the radiator to be realized in accordance with the present invention with the sequential connection of the heating segments, respectively, the heating plates.

The connection device according to the invention also allows the flow to pass in the opposite direction so that initially the inlet flow passes through the heating body segment, respectively, the heating plate, and then the heating medium passes through the additional stand to the heating plate, in this case the rear heating plate. so that this plate can then be discharged from the radiator through the stand. However, an embodiment of the invention in which the heating medium enters the front panel from the top is optimal because in this case the heating medium is distributed better over the heating panel.

The connection input and output output are mounted on the main mounting board, respectively. It can be used for both floor and wall mounting. Alternative cases are possible. When mounted on the floor, the base mounting plate may have a connection element, such as a nozzle or the like, for a floor-mounted stand, as appropriate. When mounted on a wall, a corner section may be provided which, if the inlet and outlet are covered by the front heating segment, may also pass around the rear segment at its lower end.

By providing a simpler and easily reproducible installation of the connection piece, for example by means of contact welding, soldering or the like, the connection piece (item) according to the present invention may comprise a connecting member terminating in a stand where the connecting member is mounted in one, preferably front heating segment. Because of this sequential connection, when the stand is welded, soldered, or the like, the joining piece may be arranged in accordance with the present invention so that the stand and the auxiliary stand are positioned longitudinally in the direction of the radiator, respectively its heating plates. to provide space-saving installation in a radiator according to the present invention. In addition, there is no need to bend the stand around several spatial axes, although in principle it is also possible. In addition, the connection element provides additional possibilities for the arrangement of functional devices such as, for example, an air valve, a control or thermostatic valve, or the like. Optimally, the stand is connected to the connector via an elbow such that, in its mounted position, the area below the connector is free. Conversely, the stand may enter from below, directly into the coupling, but in this case, in order to avoid unnecessary complexity of the individual parts of the assembly according to the present invention, the additional stand is preferably mounted with a corresponding displacement, e.g.

In addition, special advantages are achieved when the additional stand is connected to the lower end zone by a single, preferably front, heating segment, respectively, by means of an additional connection, respectively. The coupling segment should optimally have nearly uniform dimensions with additional coupling such that, due to the valve arrangement of the present invention, its mounting position on the radiator allows parallel alignment of the heating segments, respectively, and mechanically durable fixation, without the use of other mechanical components.

The connector, which is optimally located in the upper radiator area, has an intermediate latch and the stand is mounted to the side facing one segment, preferably the front. On the contrary, the auxiliary stand is mounted on the other side of the connecting element with respect to the intermediate latch, so that the auxiliary stand is assigned to the other rear heating segment. The resulting joint structure is durable mechanically and relatively easy to fabricate and assemble, as this type of connection piece is easy to pre-fabricate and easy to fix in contact welding equipment that can be automated.

Further, the value of the connection piece according to the present invention can be significantly increased by the fact that the additional connection has, preferably at the lower end of the radiator, an additional intermediate latch located on the side facing the one, preferably front, heating segment. At the same bottom end of another, preferably rear heating segment, is connected with an additional joint on the side facing the other, preferably rear heating segment. The auxiliary stand may in this case be connected to the auxiliary connection on the side facing one, preferably, the front heating segment. As a result, it is possible to handle a maximum number of straight coupling pipes, while providing easily reproducible geometry, while at the same time regularly reproducing the coupling, respectively, of the valve assembly according to the present invention.

Particular advantages are provided by the fact that, when using an additional connection with an additional intermediate latch, this latch, when mounted in an auxiliary connection, has a diagonal plate in a section parallel to the axis of the auxiliary connection cylinder. In this way, the additional stand can be hydrodynamically correctly connected from the side, respectively, by sliding back into the connection gamut, at which time the stand is substantially centered. Here again, it is possible to place, for example, a valve, a thermostatic valve or the like, in the outlet area of the rack in the upper part of the connection in the extension of the rack. If a thermostatic valve is provided, then a lateral arrangement of the connection plant according to the present invention is preferable, because otherwise the thermostat may respond to the radiant heat radiation itself rather than to the room temperature, which should in principle be controlled. When the connection piece according to the present invention is located in the middle of the radiator, the temperature sensor and the thermostat head respectively must be provided better on the side of the radiator, for example the lower part, thereby enabling the heating medium flow through the radiator. It is clear that a conventional valve can be used instead of a thermostatic valve, so installation in the middle of the radiator does not cause any problems. If the control of the heating medium consumption in the return line is sufficient, the arrangement of the additional intermediate latch described in principle due to the auxiliary connection may also be performed obliquely at the top. In this case, the auxiliary stand can be located substantially in the middle, so that it can be provided with a connection segment of a valve, respectively a thermostatic valve.

In addition, it should be noted that the coupling element provided for the valve, thermostatic valve, or the like may have various orientations. For example, if the connection piece according to the invention is located on the side of the radiator, this element can be arranged so that the valve protrudes from the end of the radiator. It is self-evident that, particularly in the case of a central mounting and also with a central mounting with displacement on the radiator, the valve, respectively, the thermostatic valve, the connecting member can be oriented so that the valve, respectively, the thermostatic valve subsequently mounted in the radiator correspondingly protrude above the upper end of the radiator. An additional connection for the air valve can also be provided.

In principle, there is no need for complete sealing of the intermediate latch of the coupling element, respectively of the additional intermediate latch in the additional joint. Even large leaks are possible, since the heating medium, under low heating medium pressure, normally selects the path of least resistance and at the same time flows in the desired path. It is desirable that the respective intermediate latches are at least substantially watertight or completely watertight to direct the heating medium along the intended path.

Below is a detailed description of the subject matter of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which schematically illustrate optimal embodiments. At the same time, additional advantages and features of the invention are disclosed. The individual features according to the invention may also be combined in any other way. The drawings show:

FIG. 1 is an anterior isometric projection of a two-section flat panel radiator according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a two-section radiator according to the invention with central connection points with feed and return lines;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a two-section radiator where the convection sheets can be covered by expansion volume and blinds;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a single-section radiator according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a single-section radiator according to the invention with backwardly folded lateral segments and central connecting members;

FIG. 6 is another single-section radiator according to the present invention having a rear tubular segment provided with convection bodies;

FIG. 7 is an expansion device (support insert) according to the invention for directing a fluid heating medium flowing through the radiator in a working position;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electrical flat panel radiator according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a radiator according to the present invention mounted in a front wall mounting space;

FIG. 10 is an embodiment wherein the convection segment is adjacent to the radiation segment;

FIG. 11 is a partial sectional side view and a side view of a radiator with connection device according to the invention;

FIG. 12 is a radiator connection according to FIG. 11, an image rotated by 90 ° in FIG. 1 with respect to;

FIG. 13 is an isometric projection of a two-layer vertical heating wall;

FIG. 14 is a partial horizontal section in the upper zone of the vertical heating wall of the heating medium channel;

FIG. 15 is a horizontal sectional view of the lower area of the heating wall according to FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is an expanded isometric projection of another embodiment of a two-layer vertical heating wall;

FIG. 17 is a partial horizontal section through the passage of the heating medium in the upper zone of the vertical heating wall according to FIG. 16;

Fig. 18 is a horizontal sectional view of the lower area of the heating wall according to Fig. 18; 17;

FIG. 19 - Expanded isometric projection of two-layer horizontal heating wall;

FIG. 20 is a vertical section of the horizontal heating wall in the area of the left dividing partition;

FIG. 21 is a vertical section through a portion of the horizontal heating wall to the right of the guide plates;

FIG. 22 is an expanded isometric projection of another embodiment of a two-layer horizontal heating wall;

FIG. 23 is a view of the heating medium passage in the upper zone of the horizontal heating wall according to FIG. 22 partial horizontal section;

FIG. 24 is a horizontal sectional view of the lower area of the heating wall in accordance with FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a heating wall according to FIG. 23 vertical incision in right lateral zone;

FIG. 26 is an expanded isometric projection of another embodiment of a two-layer horizontal heating wall;

FIG. Fig. 27 shows the heating medium passage in the upper area of the horizontal heating wall according to fig. 26 partial horizontal incision;

FIG. 28 is a bottom area of the heating wall according to FIG. 27 horizontal incision;

FIG. 29 is a heating wall according to FIG. 27 vertical incision in the right side zone.

FIG. 1 shows a two-section radiator according to the invention with a so-called one-way connection, where the feed line connection (PD) is located in the upper corner area (a) of the front heating plate 1 and the return connection (GR) is located in the lower corner area of the rear heating plate. (d '). The hot water flowing through the connection to the feed line is distributed in an appropriate manner in the front heating plate before passing through the connecting element (c-c '), preferably through a metal or plastic pipe, to the rear heating plate Γ.

The heating plate is purposefully made of two half-shell, respectively profiled plates, optimally made of steel sheet or plastic, which are welded, respectively connected to each other in such a way as to prevent water penetration. Each profile is formed so that the heating plate has a plurality of vertically spaced passageways (a-d) and a corresponding transverse passageway is provided on the upper and lower longitudinal edges (a-b, respectively, d-c) of the fluid to distribute the water optimally. For even distribution, the corresponding transverse passageways may expand in the longitudinal direction in the form of a funnel.

Water entering the lower corner area (c ') must first be directed to the upper corner area (b'). The self-heating of the warm water upward movement in this angular zone is purposefully supported by a special design of the rear heating plate 1 '. For this purpose, a pipe connected to the coupling element (c-c ') may be provided in one of the upstream conduits, so that the incoming water is directed upwards. Alternatively, this tube may be discarded if the passage is separated from the lower transverse passage. A support liner according to the present invention may also be used for this purpose, as will be explained below.

In the upper angular zone (b '), water is diverted again in a horizontal longitudinal direction, as shown by the dashed arrows, until it flows again through vertical passageways toward the return line in the lower angular zone (d'). For ease of fabrication, the front and rear heating panels may be made the same, so that the point of connection to the feed line PD may also be in the lower corner area (d) of the front heating panel. For this purpose, the warm water flowing through the PD connection to the feed line must first be directed to the upper angular area (a), preferably by means already indicated.

In order to increase the proportion of heat radiated by convection, the heating plates may be provided with convection contours, respectively sheets 2, which may have a rectangular or wavy profile in the top view. In one optimal embodiment, both the front and rear heating panels have a predetermined corresponding convection profile. However, it is possible that only the rear heating plate has one or two convection profiles. To further increase the heating output, the radiator may also have a third heating plate which is located behind and connected to the second heating plate in parallel or in series.

Because of the use of a connection, such as a screw-on connection pipe (c-c '), there is no need for the heating panels to be rigidly connected to one another and can be adapted as modules to the existing conditions.

It is only in partial load mode, that is, at low heating capacities, respectively, at low flow rates, only the front heating plate 1, not the back plate, warms up, which gives a feeling of comfort in the microclimate of the room. If there is no convection profile on the front heating plate, it usually emits about 50% heat. In this case, the radiator has a relatively low heating body rate, so compared to a radiator with a high convection rate, it can be controlled to lower flow rates, which provides better control.

In the case of long radiators, which are necessary for large rooms, especially office premises, the radiator in the connection point to the feed line in area (a) may be warm to the touch, but long before the connecting element (c) - cold to the touch. This may allow the convection caused by the radiator far in front of the coupling member to no longer be sufficient to cause a vortex and to lift upwardly downward cold air coming from above the radiator window. As a result, someone near, for example, the radiator inlet connection will feel the heat at the feet while another person in the connection area will feel cold due to the descending cold air at the feet.

In order to avoid this unpleasant effect, in one optimal embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, there is provided a central arrangement of junctions with feed and return lines and optimally symmetric branching of incoming warm water to left and right flows. For this purpose, it is desirable to provide a transverse elevation after connection to the feed line location (PD), which is illustrated in FIG. 2 as a transverse line. Two connecting tubes (dd ', cc' respectively) are provided in the lower angular zones (d, cc) respectively, to direct flow to the rear heating plate, the ends having a respective tube, a support liner according to the invention or another suitable device for on the heating plate. After the impact of the flowing medium on the upper corner zones (a ', b, respectively) of the rear heating plate, the flow is directed to the middle (m). A separating baffle may be provided in the middle of the upper transverse passageway to divide the flow left and right, as shown in the vertical transverse line. The medium flowing through the vertical ducts as well as the transverse duct finally reaches the return connection (GR).

While the surface temperature of a single-sided radiator with feed and return lines drops across the entire width of the radiator, the central contour of the feed line is symmetrical and adds to the comfort of the user.

As the flow passes through the front heating plate in front of the rear heating plate, the heat output from both heating plates is different, especially in partial load mode. It depends on the individual production of heating panels. It is better to make both heating panels the same to reduce production costs. However, in order for the radiator to be able to have a warm front heating plate even with low heating power, the front heating plate must have a larger radiant portion, while the rear heating plate must have a large convection to provide the required heating power on cold days. Therefore, the front heating plate optimally has no convection circuit.

As a compromise between these two extreme cases, another embodiment of the invention provides adjustable blinds that regulate the flow of room air to convective circuits depending on the required heating power. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a two-section radiator according to the present invention with adjustable blinds for two convection circuits.

To this end, the front heating plate 1, which faces the room, has a temperature sensor 6 as well as an expansion volume 3, which are used, for example, for the conversion of windows in greenhouses. The sliding slider across the heating plates 1, Γ is connected to the expansion volume 3 on one side and to one of the cover sheets 7 on the other side to provide the sheets with a change of temperature. For transferring the displacement displacement to the second cover sheet, there are provided scissor-shaped guide links 5 with a fixed central pivot point, respectively, and two guide links, the respective one end of which is fixedly connected and the corresponding other end connected so as to slide. Several spring elements 4 may be provided for reversible force such that the cover sheets 7, on the one hand, press the scissor-shaped guide rods 5 and, on the other hand, rest on the spring elements 4, which in turn rest on the support frame. If only one convection circuit is provided, it is sufficient to connect the valve pusher directly to the cover sheet so that there is no need for guide guides.

The expansion volume is a thermostat capsule with a volume of liquid that expands upon heating and shrinks on cooling, respectively. Usually uses media such as wax or paraffin. The expansion volume is made such that the thermal expansion of the volume is converted into a displacement movement of the valve pusher. The corresponding displacement motion can be linear or temperature dependent, or approach the jump function at a predicted jump temperature. Due to the scissor-shaped mechanics, the displacement of the valve pusher turns into the transverse movement of the covering sheets. They are best made so that at relatively high temperatures in the lower part of the front heating plate, that is, when the radiator has to provide high heating power, the cover sheets 7 expose the convection circuits so that air at the convection circuits can flow freely. In this case, the radiator gives off its heat mainly by convection. The corresponding heating body index for a convection radiator is relatively high, for example 1.5. As the temperature decreases in the lower rear part of the front heating plate, the cover sheets 7 are re-arranged and cover the convection circuits so that the amount of radiated heat is increased and the total heating power is reduced. The increased radiant exposure reduces the corresponding heating body index, for example, by 1.25, which positively affects the control parameters at partial load. In a particular embodiment of the invention, memory alloys or bimetallic springs may be provided to secure the connection.

Further, such control parameters can be selected for control using a thermostat valve which can regulate the flow in the radiation segment and the convection segment independently of one another, or regulate the radiation section and the convection section independently so that, with low room heating load, the radiant segment is most heavily loaded, and the convection segment is additionally loaded at higher room heating loads.

The solution of the present invention can be used not only in multi-sectional radiators but also in single-sectional radiators. For this, FIG. 4 shows a single-section radiator according to the present invention having a first segment 8, which is preferably located in the upper radiator area, and a second segment 9. The inlet is in the first solution 8, so that a hot water flow passes therethrough. For a more even distribution of warm water in the upper longitudinal edge (a-b), there is optimally provided a transverse passageway to which other transverse passageways are connected in the form of a meander or a few vertical passageways (not shown) that may continue in lower passageways. In addition, a separating baffle 10 is provided between the first and second segments so that the incoming warm water initially concentrates in the upper zone to release heat therein before entering the lower zone through one or more connection channels.

11th

The upper zone is optimally devoid of convective circuits, so the upper zone forms a flat radiator with a high radiance and low body warmth. The lower zone usually has a convection circuit 2, so much of the heat in the lower zone is provided by convection. If a separating baffle is placed between the first segment and the second segment, a consistent connection of the radiant and convective heating bodies is obtained.

When warm water flows at low heating rates and at the same low flow rate into the upper zone, the water cools in the upper zone before entering the second segment, so that a significant part of the radiator surface feels warm and at the same time comfortable. For a uniform temperature distribution over the surface, especially when the radiators are very long, a central location of the connection to the feed line may be provided as above.

When the radiators are very long or high heating capacities are required, there may be a purposeful bending of the radiator side portions (a, b), thus in an extreme case, as shown in FIG. 5, an almost two-section radiator is obtained in which the lateral portions optimally run parallel to a substantial portion of the front surface of the heating body. In this case, it is appropriate to choose the central arrangement of the connection points with the feed and return lines shown above. Contrary to the two-section radiator initially described in this embodiment, there is no longer any need to connect the front and rear heating panels to one another through the connecting pipes, which greatly reduces production costs. The necessary curvature of the radiator can be performed both before and during the welding, during and after the welding of both radiator halves 20a, 20b.

The convection sheets 2 are purposefully arranged only on the rear heating plate 1 'or pass only a relatively small part of the height of the radiator, so that this radiator also forms the radiant segment and the convection segment.

FIG. Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a single-section radiator with a forward radius segment 8 and a rear convection segment 9, respectively. For this purpose, a single-section radiator according to the invention or other planar radiators through a generally flexible connecting pipe 13 made of plastic, metal or the like, connected to a radial tubular segment 14. To increase the convection part, the at least posterior tubular segment has a plurality of circular or rectangular , the surface of which is selected according to the required total heating power. Because such pipes will be a very cheap item in the future, sold in meters, it will be possible to realize a radiator that is very cheap on the one hand and provides the benefits of a two-section radiator according to the present invention.

Such a radiator can be used, for example, in warm regions, where winters are relatively mild, where a very high proportion of radiation is required, but only a very small number of days also require a high degree of convection. Consistent coupling of the radiation segment and the convection segment allows both conditions to be satisfied evenly. To further increase the convection rate, the front heating plate can also be partially foreseen with convection sheets, as shown by the dashed wavy line.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the radiator installed in the wall mounting space of the present invention as an exemplary embodiment. Wall mounting space is usually left to sanitize bathrooms as a plinth retaining wall 26 against the wall. The holding stand is used to attach equipment such as a washbasin 28 or the like. At the end of the rescue work, the support stand is covered with plates and used as a practical additional surface 25.

This wall-to-wall mounting space can be used to save space when installing a radiator. In this case, it is optimal to install the single-section or multi-section radiator according to the invention so that the radiator segment 1 faces the room while the conventional segment 1 'is in the air box 27. For air convection, the mounting space opposite the wall discharge grate 29, 30. The radiating segment 1 optimally terminates at the anterior upper surface. The convection segment may be constructed as convection sheets or tubes with convection bodies as shown in FIG. 6. This saves space by creating a wall heating surface which, due to the construction of one or more elements of the radiator, especially at low temperatures in the supply line, feels warm and comfortable.

FIG. 10 illustrates another suitable embodiment of a multi-part radiator in accordance with the present invention wherein the radiator segment 1 and one or more convection segments are disposed adjacent to one another. The radiant segment 1 is optimally located under the window 31 and is of such a size that its surface, on the one hand, can compensate for the cold radiating surface of the window 31 above it and, on the other, due to its convection portion , to compensate for falling cold air. The convection segment 1 'is laterally, above or below the radiant segment, is consistently engaged in the direction of flow and is preferably positioned along the baseboard. For this purpose, the convection segment is optimally made as a tube with convection bodies, as in FIG. 6, and may in turn be trimmed due to external visual and indoor hygiene requirements.

In all of the above-mentioned multi-section radiators, the front, optimally facing the room, has the warmest heating panel, while the heating panels from the side of the wall can be relatively cold. As a result, less heat is lost through the walls of the house. To further prevent such heat loss, all radiators of the present invention may be provided with a wall-side radiation screen 12, which is optimally made of multilayer aluminum and is used for both radiation insulation and thermal insulation in the wall direction. Such a radiation screen can be used for insulation between the front heating panel itself and the heating panels arranged outside.

As stated above, the heating medium flowing through the interconnecting tubular member (cc ', respectively, dd') into the lower connection area (c ', respectively, d') of the heating plate must be directed upwards (b ', respectively, a '). When this is purposefully achieved by a suitably arranged vertical passage, it is best to use an expansion device, respectively a support liner, as explained below, based on FIG. 7th

In the upper part of FIG. Part 7 shows the part of the semicircle, respectively, a front view of the plate, that is to say, prior to joining this semiconductor with another semiconductor made in an appropriate manner. As noted above, this semi-shell is profiled, respectively, with indentations 21, 22a, 22b, so that a plurality of passageways 21 according to the present invention pass in an optimally vertical direction. Also on the lower, respectively, upper longitudinal edge (not shown) is a transverse passageway 23 extending substantially at right angles. The lower left, respectively, of Fig. 7 shows a top view of the radiator part according to the invention, respectively. In this embodiment, the connection point 18 with the feed line is located in the middle and on the lower longitudinal edge of the radiator, as provided for long radiators according to the present invention.

To direct the water flowing through the inlet connection 18 to the water, the vertical passageway adjacent the inlet connection may be separated from the rest of the lower transverse passageway, for example by a baffle. However, it is preferable to insert a specially made support liner into the one of the half shells, respectively, before expanding both halves. FIG. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the support insert has a transverse hole 19a in its lower part which is optimally made as a transition hole and also has a hole 19b extending perpendicular thereto. In its working position, the perpendicular opening 19b faces one of the vertically extending passageways 21 and the transverse opening 19a is at the height and extension of the connection 18 with the feed line. This arrangement ensures the desired flow upward deviation. While the flow deflection is best executed through only one passage, the support liner may also be constructed so that the flow passes through several passageways.

The support liner is preferably symmetrical in shape to occupy the specified working position. In the embodiment shown in FIG. In the embodiment 7, the outer contour of the support liner is aligned with the semicircular indentation, respectively, of the semicircular profiling, so that the vertically extending hole 19b is in the passageway 21. When the support liner is substantially annular, it may have a recess 19c in working position it fits to the lower longitudinal edge. The symmetrical shape facilitates the automated installation of the support liners, for example by using a robot or by easily shaking one of the half-shells.

To produce the heating plate, they first make imprints 22a, 22b on two plates of plastic-deformable material, preferably steel sheet or plastic. The plate thus profiled forms one semiconductor 20a, 20b. Each half shell has one or more openings for accommodating valve parts and connection points PD, GR, respectively, connecting elements (c-c '). In these locations, the support liners are optimally housed between the two semiconductors to accommodate the very high forces resulting from joining the two semiconductors by welding the joints together to prevent undesirable deformation of the semiconductors. Where additional flow deflection is to occur, a support plate is provided with a directional flow outlet according to the present invention.

The above principle is that more heat is supplied to the first segment with a high radiant output, especially at low heating power, than to the other radiator segments. This principle can be applied not only to radiators passing through the heating medium stream, but also to electric radiators as shown in FIG. 8. Thus, in said single-section radiators, respectively, the multi-section radiators, the radiating segment 8 can be arranged, for example, above or before the convection segment 9.

For this purpose, the relevant segments of the present invention are provided with a plurality of electric heating elements (Ri ... R _n , Ri ... r _n ) which are inserted directly into the radiator or into the respective passageways with metal bushings. Such an electric radiator may be provided with a water, paraffin or similar closed flow circuit, where flow convection is caused by the heating elements themselves or by an additional actuator. The heating elements of the respective parts are usually connected in parallel.

An electric radiator according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8, the parallel impedance of the first segment 8 is lower than that of the second or other segments 9, thus providing more heat to the first segment. It is appropriate to provide for control of the individual heating elements of the segments, either individually or in cascades, by means of a control device such that the total heating power, and in particular the heat output due to radiation and convection, can be adjusted individually and correspondingly to room conditions. For example, in a two-section radiator, with the desired low heating output, it is preferable to disconnect the panel heating elements on the wall side, leaving the heating body with a large radiant portion on the room side. For this purpose, a relay 16 is additionally provided between the two radiator segments 8, 9.

In another optimum embodiment, the first, respectively, front heating segment 8 has a self-adjusting, and accordingly self-limiting, resistor, which is also used in so-called self-heating heating pipes. The self-limiting impedance consists, preferably, of ferrites embedded in a basic material such as an elastomer. This results in a temperature-dependent resistance which increases with increasing temperature. This can provide an almost leap in temperature change, which limits the electrical resistance by itself, for example at low temperatures.

If the first, respectively, the front segment 8 of the electric radiator has a self-heating heater according to the present invention, it can be ensured, without complicated adjustment, that the resistance of the first, respectively, front segment 8 is lower at lower temperatures than the other segments. Thus, in the partial load mode, when the radiator surface is relatively cold, the radiator radiator segment heats up more, thus increasing the comfort of the room. At average radiator temperatures, the resistance of both radiator segments is the same, whereas at high heating temperatures, i.e. high heating plate temperatures, the surface temperature of the first segment remains at set temperature due to cell self-tension.

The above-mentioned separation of the radiator according to the present invention into an outgoing flow radiator segment and a convection segment downstream of it allows for optimal non-linear control parameters: at low heating demand, heat is delivered essentially by radiant heat, most of the heat is released through convection.

The required thermal output in rooms with good thermal insulation and partial load ranges can change significantly, for example, when the required heating power is only 400 W, the 300 W ceiling halogen lighting suddenly turns on or off. Therefore, for further improvement of the control parameters according to the present invention, it is desirable that the radiator operate with a thermostatic valve having a non-linear, e.g. progressive or regressive control characteristic. In addition, the control valve is optimally constructed so that flow through the conventional segment can be fully or partially stopped, respectively, independently of the radiation segment control.

The foregoing description of the invention applies to a radiator passing through a flow of warm fluid, but the principle of differential loading of spaced radiator segments can also be applied to cooling bodies such as ceiling coolers passing through a cold flow of fluid. In this way, in a two-compartment cooling body, the first segment is facing toward the room, at which time the posterior segment is placed on the side of the wall or connected to another heat exchanger.

For example, in a single-sectional cooling body, it may be desirable for the initially skipping segment to be in the middle or edge of the cooling body while the remaining segments are disposed in a complementary manner.

In some special applications, such as kindergartens or central heating systems in the former Eastern Bloc, multi-sectional radiators of the present invention may also be used in the opposite configuration such that the heating panel facing toward the heated room is colder than the panel placed behind it. This way, the front heating plate cannot burn your fingers, which is already required by law in some countries in kindergartens. If the building conditions, such as the thermal insulation or the purposes of use, change, the multi-section radiators of the present invention can simply be rotated so that the warmer heating panel faces the room, thereby providing the above advantages. This adjustment can be done without replacing or buying new radiators.

FIG. 11 shows an RD radiator having two heating segments, hereinafter called heating plates 1, plokšt.

The heating plates are connected to the heating system, for example the central heating of a separate house or dwelling unit, by means of a connection valve valve 100 respectively. The heating medium from the central heating system (not shown) is fed through the inlet 120 (see Fig. 12) and the stand 102 to the connection segment 106. The connection element 106 is connected to one, in this case the front heating plate 1 in the upper radiator area. Here, the heating medium is introduced into the heating plate 1 and directed, for example, by a heating coil 1 through the heating plate 1 for feeding down through an additional connection 108 to an auxiliary stand 104. Auxiliary stand 104 is connected at its upper end by a connecting member 106. the heating medium 1 of the heating plate 1 is substantially or all directed to another, preferably to the rear heating plate 1 '. Thereafter, the heating medium flows through the rear heating plate 1 ', and by a further connection 108 is led through the guiding structure 116 to the output 118, the guiding structure 116 being redistributed by an additional intermediate latch 112 so that the heating medium from another, optimally rear heating plate 1' does not mix with the heating medium to be fed to the auxiliary stand 104. In order for the auxiliary stand 104 to be located at a maximum distance from the stand 102, the additional intermediate latch 112 is made inclined.

In this case, it is also possible to weld a separate pipe in the auxiliary connection 108, to provide two separate, blindly closed pipes with respect to each other, or the like, which respectively enable the aforementioned auxiliary connection function. This also applies to the connection element 106. The base plate 122, respectively, provides the mechanical resistance of the radiator RD at the lower end of the hardware 100 and the possibility of locating the mounting unit therein.

As stated above, the connecting element 106 is divided by an intermediate latch 110 into two parts, namely, from one side to the zone belonging to the stand 102 and the zone 114 to which the additional stand 104 is connected.

The coupling member 106 has a coupling area 128, which may have a stand mounted on one side through the elbow 103 (see FIG. 12). Conversely, switching zone 124 is provided for a valve, a thermostatic valve, a venting valve, and the like.

It goes without saying that the connection area 124 can be arranged so that it extends upward, that is parallel to the axis of the auxiliary stand 104, then the valve must be constructed in such a way as to allow the heating medium to be supplied to the radiator.

The possible flow through the radiator according to FIG. 11, respectively, through the gamut according to FIG.

in the opposite direction, so input 120 would be a return, and return 120 would be an input.

FIG. 13-29 illustrate the most valuable embodiments of the invention for so-called heating walls, which consist of vertical and horizontal flat heating pipes interconnected so that the medium can flow through vertical or vertical manifolds or ducts.

FIG. Fig. 13 shows a two-section vertical heating wall with so-called one-way connection, where the connection PD to the feed line is in the upper corner area of the front heating plate 1 and the return connection GR to the lower corner area of the rear heating plate. The warm water flowing through the inlet connection is distributed in an appropriate manner in the upper heating plate before it is directed to the rear heating plate Γ through a switching element, preferably a pipe made of metal or plastic. The flow of water in the upper zone is shown in FIG. 14, and in the lower zone, figs. 15. The connection pipes are made in such a way that the heating medium can reach the rear heating plate only in the upper right area. For this purpose, means are employed in accordance with the above embodiments of the invention, which can be readily applied by those skilled in the art to heating walls. FIG. Fig. 16 shows a vertical heating wall in which the heating plates are connected to each other in the upper and lower corner zones by T-elements. Flow control of the heating medium is effected as shown in FIG. 17 and 18, with T-shaped members made of a closed or permeable fluid such that the front heating plate always receives the flow of heating medium before entering the rear heating plate.

FIG. 19-29 illustrate different embodiments of horizontal heating walls, in which the heating pipes are arranged horizontally and connected to one another by collector pipes of compact construction. Flow control of the heating medium proceeds as shown in FIG. 20 and 21, through guide plates in the side zones, which are arranged so that the front heating plate receives flow always in front of the rear heating plate.

FIG. 22-29 illustrate other embodiments of horizontal heating walls, wherein the flow of the heating medium is controlled analogously to the above embodiments of vertical heating walls, that is, through appropriate connection pipes or T-shaped members. In order to avoid duplicates, a duplicate description thereof is not provided and reference is made to the previous description of embodiments.

Claims (57)

Definition of the Invention 1. At least one-sectional, preferably two-sectional or multi-sectional radiator, preferably a flat radiator or a heating wall comprising: - feed line connection (PD) location, 5 - a return connection (GR), characterized in that the flow of the heating medium passes substantially uniformly to the other segment (1 '), which is located behind it, directed towards the heated room segment (1). 2. A radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow through the first segment 10 is substantially uniformly directed against the other segments, furthermore, only at the lower end zone of the first segment (1) there is provided at least one connection with at least one other segment (1 '). 3. A radiator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first segment (1) is made so that a higher amount of heat can be supplied to it than to 15 remaining radiator segments, at least with low heating power. 4. A radiator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the segments are made in the form of plates and are preferably formed of profiled plates or flat tubes which are connected to one another through manifolds, preferably of steel sheet, where the plates are profiled so that 1, Γ) includes many The 20 passageways having a longer passage in the first segment (1) than the rest of the segments have a lower flow resistance in the first segment (1) than the other segments and are connected by one or more tubular connections, preferably of metal or plastic. A radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that The feed line connection point (PD) and the return line connection point (GR) are each located on one vertical longitudinal edge of the radiator or each centered on the horizontal length of the radiator. 6. A radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the first segment (1) is placed above or below the second segment (Γ), 30 optimally, both segments are made in one heating body, respectively, in one heating plate. 7. A radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the surfaces of the segments (1, Γ) are provided with convective contours (2), which optimally have a rectangular or wavy profile. 8. A radiator according to claim 7, characterized in that the first segment (1) has no convective contour. 9. A radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that it comprises adjustable blinds (7) for changing the cross-sectional flow of the convection circuits (2), whereby the blinds (7) can be adjusted depending on temperature as follows: , that at low inlet temperatures in the first segment (1), the covering blinds (7) essentially cover the convection circuits (2). 10. The radiator of claim 9, further comprising a heat sensor (6) disposed within the first segment (1). 11. A radiator according to any one of claims 9 to 10, characterized in that a temperature dependent volume expansion (3) or memory metal or bimetallic metal is provided for remodeling the blinds (7). 12. A radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that an insulating layer is provided, preferably of monolayer or multilayer aluminum, between the first segment and at least the segment behind it, preferably in the first segment. 13. A radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that it has a radiating screen, preferably made of multilayer aluminum, on the side of the wall. 14. Single-section, optimally flat radiators comprising - feed line connection (PD) location, the return link point (GR), and - a heating body made in the form of a plate and a flow-through, characterized in that at least two differently calculated segments (8, 9) are provided, wherein the first segment (8) is positioned upstream of the remaining segments and more heat can be supplied thereto. segments with at least low heating power. 15. A radiator according to claim 14, characterized in that at least the convective contours (2) are arranged on the surface of the heating body, which in the top view have, preferably, a rectangular or wavy profile. 16. A radiator according to claim 15, characterized in that the total surface of the convective circuits of the first segment (8) is smaller than the surface of the remaining segments. 17. A radiator according to claim 16, wherein the first segment (8) has no convective contours. 18. A radiator according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the heating body is made of a profiled sheet material, preferably a sheet of steel, forming a plurality of passageways, or of flat tubes interconnected with manifold ducts, wherein the first segment (8) the flow resistance of the flow channels is lower than that of the remaining segments. 19. A radiator according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the heating body is profiled such that at least the first segment (8) has a plurality of passageways extending upwards and downwards in the horizontal direction and in the form of a meander, and / or at least the second segment (9) being profiled so as to have a plurality of vertically extending passageways, the first segment (8) being separated from the remaining segments by at least one partition (10). 20. Radiator according to claim 19, characterized in that only one connection channel (11) passes through the separating baffle (10). 21. A radiator according to claim 20, characterized in that the connection channel (11) is arranged on one vertical longitudinal edge of the heating body. 22. A radiator according to claim 19, characterized in that a plurality of connecting channels (11) pass through the separating baffle (10). 23. A radiator according to any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein the point of connection (PD) to the feed line is located on one vertical longitudinal edge of the heating body or at the center of the horizontal length of the heating body. 24. A radiator according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein the heating body is tilted back on at least one of its longitudinal edges to form a rear, optimally facing toward the wall, a heating body surface that extends parallel to the front surface of the heating body. in addition, the entrance is on the front, optimally facing the heated surface of the heated body. 25. A radiator as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the return connection point (GR) is tubular and extends over a substantial portion of its length at the rear of the heating body. 26. A radiator according to claim 25, wherein the tubular return line (14) comprises a plurality of circular or rectangular convection bodies (15). 27. A radiator according to any one of claims 14 to 26, characterized in that it has two segments and the first segment (8) is located midway between the remaining segments (9). 28. A radiator according to any one of claims 14 to 27, characterized in that it has a radiating screen (12) on the side of the wall, preferably of multilayer aluminum. 29. Single-section or multi-section electric radiator, preferably a flat radiator comprising at least two differently calculated segments (8, 9) having a plurality of heating elements (Ri ..... R _n , n ...... r _m ) and a regulating device, characterized in that the regulating device is constructed such that the electrical resistance of the segments is independently regulated from the other, and to the first segment, more heat is supplied than to the remaining segments, at least at low heating power. 30. A radiator according to claim 29, characterized in that it is made in one section and combined with two segments, in which the first segment (8) is positioned above the second segment (9) or the first segment (8) is optimally facing towards the heated room and the remaining segments (9). 31. A radiator according to any one of claims 29 to 30, wherein the total electrical resistance of the first segment is less than the corresponding total impedance of the other segments. 32. A radiator as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein the first segment (8) is provided with a self-adjusting impedance, respectively a self-limiting impedance, optimally embedded in the elastomeric ferrite. 33. A radiator according to any one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the segments are made of a profiled flat material, preferably a sheet of steel, forming a plurality of passageways (21, 23). 34. A radiator according to claim 33, characterized in that a hollow space is formed therein to pass a fluid medium, preferably water or paraffin. 35. The radiator of claim 34, wherein the heating elements are mounted directly in one or more hollow passageways (21) or the heating elements are mounted in metal bushings and the bushings are mounted in hollow passageways (21). 36. A radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 35, characterized in that at least one expansion device (19) is arranged between the semicircular plates (20a, 20b) of the heating segment (1, Γ), respectively. 37. The radiator of claim 36, wherein at least one of the expansion devices (19) has at least one passage channel (19b) for providing a deflection direction of the heating medium. 38. A radiator according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the expansion device (19) comprises means (19b, 19c) for securing a defined direction by mounting the expansion device between the semicircular, respectively, panels of the heating plate comprising the feed line pipe (PD). ). 39. The radiator of claim 38, wherein the guide means (19b) comprises at least one passageway (19b), respectively, formed therefrom. 40. A radiator according to claim 38 or 39, wherein the guide means (19b) has an outer contour which at least approximately corresponds to the contour (21, 22a, 22b) between the semicircles, respectively, between the panels for improving orientation, respectively. A method of manufacturing a radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 40, wherein - provides at least two semicircular, respectively, plates, preferably one or more pairs of plates of plastic deformable material, - at least one of these paired panels provides a guide structure for deflecting the heating medium, - the plates are joined to one another by extending the expansion devices at the intended locations between the panels, with at least one passage channel, characterized in that the expansion device is oriented as directed so that the heating medium is directed to the radiator. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the expansion means comprises guiding means to ensure their orientation. 43. A method of manufacturing a radiator according to any one of claims 2 to 40, wherein the at least one heating plate consisting of flat tubes provides a guiding structure for directing the heating medium, wherein the guiding structure is used to direct the heating medium to one or more heating elements. 5 panels separate segments. 44. A radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the radiator segments (1, 1 ') to the inlet and outlet of the district heating device, such as a central heating system, respectively, is provided for connecting the heating device to the district heating networks. gaming where The gaming assembly (100) has a gaming entrance (120) and a gaming return (118) disposed in the lower region of the gaming, respectively, the radiator and, further, the gaming (100), starting with the gaming entrance (120), has a stand (102). ) for feeding the heating medium to one of the heating segments (1), respectively, one of the heating plates, and an additional stand (104) is provided for connecting one heating segment (1) to 15 other heating segments (Γ), thus ensuring a consistent connection of the heating segments, preferably the heating plates (1, Γ), to the heating system. 45. A radiator according to claim 1 or 44, characterized in that the extension (104) of the auxiliary stand (104) has a branch (116) for connecting the next heating segment (Γ) to the gamut return (118), providing a consistent heating segment. 20 optimum heating panels, connected to the heating system. 46. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 or 44 or 45, wherein one of the heating segments (1) is a front heating segment and the other heating segment (Γ) is a rear radiator (RD) heating segment. 47. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 or 44 to 46, characterized in that the inlet and return (120, 118) of the gamut are mounted on a main mounting plate (122), respectively, which can be adapted for floor mounting and / or mounting. walls. 48. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 or 44 to 47, characterized in that a connecting member (106) is provided at the upper end of the stand (102) 30 terminates in a stand (102) where the connection member is optimally mounted in the front heating segment. 49. A radiator according to claim 48, wherein the stand (102) is connected by a tubular elbow (103) to the coupling member such that, in its mounted position, the area below the connector member remains free. 50. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 or 44 to 48, characterized in that the auxiliary stand (104) is connected to the lower end zone, preferably the front heating segment (1), by means of an additional connection (108). A radiator according to any one of claims 46 to 49, characterized in that the connecting element (106) has an intermediate latch (110) and the stand (102) is connected on the side facing towards one, preferably front, heating segment, while the additional stand (104) is connected on the other side of the connection element (106) which is connected to the other, preferably rear, heating segment (1 '). 52. A radiator according to claim 49 or 50, characterized in that the connecting part has an additional intermediate latch (112), wherein one, preferably anterior, heating segment is connected to its facing side and, further, an optimally rear, heating segment (1). ') the lower end zone is connected to the auxiliary joint (108) towards it on its facing side. 53. A radiator according to claim 51, wherein the additional stand (104) is connected to the auxiliary joint (108) on the side facing one, preferably the front, heating segment (1). 54. A radiator according to claim 51 or 52, wherein the additional intermediate latch is a plate which is inclined, in the mounted position of the auxiliary connection, parallel to the cylindrical axis of the auxiliary connection, allowing the additional stand (104) to be connected side by side. segment (1 '). 55. A radiator according to any one of claims 50 to 54, wherein the intermediate latch (110) is at least substantially impermeable to water. 56. A radiator according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein the additional intermediate latch (112) is at least substantially impermeable to water. 57. A radiator according to any one of claims 1 or 44 to 56, wherein the valve assembly (100) is adapted to be connected to the radiator (RF) substantially mid-and / or substantially laterally and optimally in the upper portion of the riser, respectively. a space (124) for connecting a functional device through which a functional device, such as a stopper, an air valve, a control valve, a thermostatic valve, or the like, can be connected.