RU104291U1 - ONE-SECTION OR MULTI-SECTION RADIATOR, AT LEAST, WITH TWO DIFFERENTLY COMPLETED SITES - Google Patents

Abstract

1. At least a single-section, preferably a two-section or multi-section radiator, in particular a flat radiator or heating wall, containing! - location (VL) of connection to the supply line, ! - a connection point (RL) with the return line, wherein a substantially uniform flow of heating medium passes through the first section (1) facing the heated room before at least one other section (1', preferably located behind it), characterized in that only in the lower end zone of the first section (1) is there at least one connection with at least one other section (1'). ! 2. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first section (1) is configured to supply more heat to it, at least at low heating power, than to the remaining sections of the radiator. ! 3. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections are made in the form of plates and are formed preferably from profiled plates or flat pipes, which are connected to each other through collector channels, in particular, from a steel sheet, and the plates are profiled so that the sections (1, 1') include many flow channels, and the total length of the flow channels in the first section (1) is greater than in other sections, the flow resistance of the flow channels of the first section (1) is less than in other sections, and the sections are connected through one or several flexible connecting pipe sections, preferably made of metal or plastic. ! 4. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection point (VL) with the supply line and the connection point (RL) with the return line are located each �

Description

A utility model relates to a two-section or multi-section radiator, in particular, a flat radiator, according to the restrictive part of paragraph 1 of the utility model formula, to a single-section radiator with a heater made in the form of a plate according to the restrictive part of paragraph 29 of the utility model formula, and to an electric radiator according to the restrictive parts of paragraph 44 of the utility model formula.

Flat radiators are usually made of profiled, respectively, embossed half-shells, preferably of steel sheet, which are welded together, and horizontal and vertical flow channels can be formed. To increase the heating power, profiled steel sheets (convective profiles or sheets) are usually attached on the surfaces of the heating body, preferably with rectangular profiles. Flat radiators in their heating ability belong to the most preferred types of radiators and are characterized, along with their preferred decorative and hygienic properties, primarily with a relatively small mass, which favorably affects its control parameters, in particular, taking into account energy-saving heating systems. As an alternative solution to the indicated design of flat radiators, it is possible to make the heating plates of flat radiators not from profiled half-pipes, but from separate flat pipes. This does not affect either the power allocated to the area or the operating parameters, but only on the appearance and cost of manufacture. Therefore, radiators of this design are not considered further.

Heating systems and thus also radiators are usually calculated taking into account the minimum possible external temperatures during the heating period (the so-called design parameters), at which a pleasant room temperature must still be ensured. The parameters for calculating the radiator are, in particular, the amount of water passing through the radiator, the flow resistance, and also the ratio of the radiator sections with predominantly convective and radiating heat transfer. Thus, these parameters are usually chosen for extreme heating conditions, while the so-called partial load range with a relatively lower required heating power, which prevails in most of the heating period, requires a different calculation and other parameters of the radiator.

To provide the required heating power, the so-called single-section flat radiators have a single heating plate with a structure consisting essentially of one part. In contrast, two-section flat radiators, i.e. radiators with the first plate facing the room to be heated and the plate located behind it usually have a symmetrical design, while a symmetrical flow always passes through the front and rear heating plates, i.e. with the same amount of water. This also applies, respectively, to both of the very front heating plates of a three-section or multi-section flat radiator.

With increasing awareness of the need to save heating energy, the requirements for the heat-insulating properties of buildings are being tightened, so that radiators even work on relatively cold days only in the partial load range, i.e. with low inlet temperature.

Just in the partial load range, i.e. at a relatively soft outside temperature, the indicated one-piece, respectively, symmetrical design adversely affects. In the partial load range, radiators should give only heating power of several 100 watts, so that relatively little water passes through them. Due to the usually high proportion of convection in the total heat dissipation, the single or front section of a single-section radiator with convective steel sheets facing the room will have a relatively low temperature. This negative effect is still amplified in multi-section radiators based on a symmetrical design, since not only the front section, but also the sections located behind it, are used for heating. Thus, only part of the total heat is lost through the front heating plate. Thus, at low heating power, the front heating plate remains relatively cold. However, the radiator surfaces that are cold in comparison with the body temperature negatively affect the microclimate of the room, since it is perceived as not comfortable.

DE 19614330 C1 shows a radiator with two heating plates that are connected to each other through a connecting pipe to a valve. Both heating plates are designed as convectors, so in this case both the above disadvantages and the disadvantages that will be indicated below are manifested.

DE 4041191 C2 relates to connecting to a multilayer plate radiator, consisting of a T-shaped connecting element located between two heating plates.

In addition, in the partial load range, it is added that suddenly occurring extraneous heat sources, such as uneven sunlight, suddenly switched on incandescent lamps, ceiling lights or computers, as well as additional people in a heated room, further reduce the required heating power, which, with a high proportion of radiator convection, also very quickly leads to cold surfaces of the radiator. It should be borne in mind that with increasingly effective thermal insulation of buildings, radiators made earlier for high heating capacities, even at extreme outdoor temperatures, should work almost exclusively in the range of partial loads.

The prior art also knows sets of connecting equipment for radiators, respectively, radiators with corresponding sets of connecting equipment, in which at least two heating sections of the heating body are connected at the bottom side or at the bottom in the middle. This type of flow connection leads to the fact that the heating medium is supplied in parallel to the heating sections of the heating body, preferably to the heating plates, while in principle it is preferable when the flow passes from above first through the front section, respectively, of the front heating plate of the radiator, since in this case the predominant heating power comes from the front heating plate, since it is of great importance for the indoor microclimate and comfort displacements, wherein the radiator is located, has a share front heater plate radiation.

With these problems in mind, this utility model is based on the task of modifying the initially indicated single-section, respectively, multi-section radiators while maintaining the achievable heating power, taking into account special conditions in the partial load range, so that the comfort of the room, the surface facing the room, or at least , its large partial sections in the partial load range remain as warm as possible, in addition, the radiator in its design can be coordinated with the full mode partial load, so that in general the preferred properties of planar radiators in all respects retained or even improved.

In this case, preferred properties are understood, in particular, high heating power with relatively low heating and manufacturing costs, as well as good control parameters, i.e. signs that directly affect the comfort and microclimate of the heated room.

This problem is solved according to the utility model using the features of paragraphs 1, 29 and 44 of the utility model formula.

For this, a two-section or multi-section radiator according to a utility model preferably has a single connection to the supply line, which is connected only to the front, respectively, facing the room heating plate. The warm water that flows through this inlet is distributed as evenly as possible along the upper longitudinal edge of the very front heating plate and through flowing channels that are perpendicular to it and suitably made in the front section facing the room. Thus, regardless of whether the radiator is operating under full load or partial load, warmer water is supplied to the front section than to the other sections. Therefore, with equal heating power, the front section will be warmer and thereby more comfortable to the touch than in conventional systems. This favorable effect is preferably enhanced by the fact that the front section has a higher radiation fraction than the remaining sections of the radiator.

In order for water to flow from the front section to one or more sections located behind it, at least one connecting pipe is provided, which is preferably located in one lower corner of the radiator. The water that flows into the rear of the heating plate is preferably first deflected upward in the direction of the upper longitudinal edge, again distributed by the transverse channel there, and through the flowing channels perpendicular to it, is led to the junction with the return line in the lower corner zone.

If three or more heating plates are provided, then the direction of the water in the third and in all subsequent sections can be carried out accordingly, which from the point of view of hydrodynamics corresponds to the series connection of three or more radiators. However, in a three-section radiator, it is also possible to connect both rear heating plates in parallel and to connect them in series with the front heating plate, for which it is advisable that the connecting pipe between the front and second heating plates passes to the very last heating plate.

The advantage is that in any case, the front heating body is first supplied with warm water, so that it, in partial load mode, has a higher surface temperature than conventional radiators, so that it can give the impression of a more comfortable indoor microclimate.

Since the first, respectively, front section of the radiator heats up relatively evenly on its full surface just in the partial load range, it is still possible to compensate for radiation from a window located above the radiator even with a small heating power. In conventional radiators, this is not possible due to the high proportion of convection.

Another advantage is that the radiator according to the utility model provides a more uniform temperature profile on the surfaces of the radiator. Namely, due to the fact that the inflowing water is first directed exclusively through the front heating plate facing the room, the temperature of the water after passing through the front heating body, for example, in full load mode, has not yet reached the return temperature, as is the case in ordinary systems, but takes on a value that lies approximately in the middle between the temperature in the flow line and the temperature of the return line. Thus, the temperature distribution on the surface of the radiator is more uniform, which facilitates the calculation of the radiator, and also simplifies its design. Particularly preferred is a more uniform temperature distribution just in the partial load range, as illustrated by the example when, using the radiator thermostat, the water flow rate is set so that the temperature of the water after passing the front heating body drops to almost room temperature, while at of the same heating power, this would take place in a conventional radiator with a symmetric flow already in the middle of the heating body, so that its surface would be felt on most of the cold and uncomfortable.

The two-section radiator is expediently equipped with convective profiles only on its rear heating plate, so that such a radiator according to the utility model has a relatively large fraction of radiation in the entire heating power in the direction of the room, and the rear convection section in the partial load range no longer heats up. If such a radiator is sufficient for the specified design case, which sets the maximum heating power at a very low outside temperature, then just at the relatively soft outside temperatures that take place most of the time, the radiator will have a relatively large fraction of radiation. In contrast, at lower outside temperatures, the rear heating plate is also heated, so that the proportion of convection increases.

The advantage is that the index of the heating body of such a radiator is not constant over the entire temperature range, but less in the partial load range due to the much larger proportion of radiation than at higher heating capacities, where the proportion of convection is greater. Thus, in the partial load range, a lower inlet temperature is preferably required to achieve a specific heating power. Thus, the radiator according to the utility model, just in the partial load range, which makes up most of the heating work, helps to save heating costs.

Another advantage is that according to a utility model, the heating plate facing the room is warmer, which, although it is actually desirable for each radiator, since it is not the back wall that should be heated, but first of all the room, but it is not feasible with the symmetrical execution of conventional radiators. Thus, less heat is lost to the outside through the usually thinner wall insulation behind the radiators. The radiator according to a utility model is preferably further provided on its rear side with a radiating screen, namely, usually of aluminum with a multilayer structure in order to increase thermal insulation in the direction of the wall. Such a radiating screen is also expediently provided between the front and rear heating plates in order to insulate the front heating plate from the rear heating plate. Another advantage is that digital modeling is facilitated and thus the design of the radiator, since it is very difficult to simulate just the singularities, respectively, in this case, a very large local heat loss.

Other advantages are obtained in special applications, for example, in kindergartens or when used in central heating systems. Just in kindergartens, it is desirable, accordingly, is prescribed by law that the front heating plate does not under any circumstances reach higher temperatures than, for example, about 50 ° C. While in conventional radiators this is possible only by reducing the input temperature and, thereby, heating power, the radiator according to the utility model needs only to be turned so that the hotter heating plate does not face the room, but toward the rear wall, so with equal heating power there is no danger of burns. This arrangement is also preferably used in central heating systems, in particular in the countries of the former eastern block, where inlet temperatures up to 130 ° C are partially realized. In conventional radiator systems made symmetrically, the inhabitants of the houses are regularly fired, in particular, near the inlet connection. In this case, you just need to just turn the radiator, so that the heating plate located on the side of the room accepts relatively acceptable temperatures. If at a later time the thermal insulation or the central heating system is improved, then it is necessary then at lower inlet temperatures, just turn the radiator according to the utility model so that the above preferred properties are fully manifested without the need for a new radiator.

Typically, the connection points, both with the supply and return lines, are located on the same side edge of the radiator. However, just with longer radiators, it is preferable, according to another embodiment, the central location of the junction. In this case, it is advisable to supply warm water in the middle to the front heating plate, where it then branches into the left and right flow until it is withdrawn, in the case of a two-section or multi-section radiator, in the middle zone of the backmost heating plate again into the return water line. In this case, warm water is expediently supplied at the upper edge of the front heating body. However, in one preferred embodiment, both the inlet and the outlet are located at the lower edge of the radiator, for which it is necessary to direct the incoming warm water upward, as will be explained below. It is also necessary on the rear heating body after the flow of water from the front to the rear heating body.

The advantage of the central location of the junction just in long radiators is, again, a very uniform temperature distribution, since the warm water that flows through the radiator in partial load mode at a relatively low speed must pass only half the length of the heating body before it leaves the front heating body, so that the lateral edge sections of the heating body will also be warm to the touch. Another advantage of this connection option is that such a radiator just at low outside temperatures, when cold glass surfaces above the radiator lead to the so-called shaft of cold air, swirls it along the entire length of the radiator due to the upward flow of warm air and can lead to overcompensation . Thus, both at the front and at the rear end of the radiator, you can not be afraid of the cold falling air in the legs, as would be the case when connected on the same side of the inlet and outlet.

The indicated solution principles can, however, be applied not only to multilayer, but also single-layer radiators. Due to this, with comparable configurations, a radiator with a favorable large fraction of heat of radiation is possible, which just at low heating capacities has a radiator surface that is pleasantly warm to the touch, while at high heating capacities such a radiator has a rather high proportion of convection heat transfer, so that it also sufficient for less frequent extremely cold winter days.

Such a single-section radiator according to the utility model has, in accordance with paragraph 29 of the utility model formula, at least two differently made sections, of which the first section, which preferably faces the heated room, is located in the direction of flow in front of other sections.

In such a radiator, water first passes through a junction with a supply line to a first portion, which is preferably located in the upper zone of the radiator. If the connection point with the supply line is provided for structural reasons on the lower edge of the radiator, then according to the utility model, the water is first deflected to the upper section, for example, using a specially made flow channel or using a support insert, respectively, a spacer device, as will be explained below. Then the water is distributed along the entire upper longitudinal edge of the radiator and deviates in the direction of the return line. The first section preferably does not have convective profiles, due to which a very high proportion of radiation in the heat removal is provided, which is equal to about 50% for this section. Then water through the second section, which is preferably provided with convective profiles and is usually located in the lower zone of the radiator, passes to the return line. Preferably, as well as for hygienic reasons, convective profiles in this section are located on the side of the radiator facing away from the room.

The advantage is that such a radiator due to the transverse distribution of the flowing means along the entire length, respectively, the width is warm to the touch, namely, due to the high proportion of radiation heat even in the partial load mode. Even if the lower section remains “cold” at low heating capacities, it is just compared to conventional single-section radiators that the especially warm upper section is perceived more pleasantly. Therefore, this section is preferably located at the height of the knees, in particular in radiators in office buildings.

A particularly preferred embodiment is provided when the radiation section is directly provided with insulation that extends over at least most of its rear side. In this embodiment, it is possible to further reduce the proportion of convection of the radiation section and, by reducing the convective heat loss, increase the surface temperature, as well as the fraction of radiation, very significantly.

To enhance this action, it is also advisable to separate the ratio of flows in the first and second sections, which is achieved, for example, due to greater resistance to flow or longer flow paths, respectively, a larger heat transfer surface in the first section.

For this, the flow channels in the first section preferably extend in the horizontal direction, while in other sections they extend, as usual, in the vertical direction. The first section is preferably separated from the remaining sections by a dividing wall through which at least one connecting channel passes. Due to the passage in the form of a meander flow in the first section and the location of the connecting channel, preferably diametrically opposite to the connection with the supply line, a large heat exchange surface is preferably provided in the first section in order to increase the proportion of radiation.

The advantage is that a single-section radiator, due to different ratios of the convection fraction and the radiation fraction in the partial load and full load modes, also has a non-linear indicator of the heating body, which is preferably reduced even at low heating powers, which, as mentioned above, leads to cost savings heating.

This preferred effect can be further enhanced in both single-section and multi-section radiators, due to the fact that by means of adjustable mechanics, in particular, at low heating capacities, closing sheets are pushed over the convective profiles, thereby preventing air convection and thereby increasing the fraction of heat that is given off through the radiation of heat, compared with the portion removed by convection.

Therefore, the radiator according to the utility model is preferably provided in the area to which less heat is supplied with a partial temperature sensor with a temperature sensor. Usually, this section is located at the lower end of the radiator. The temperature sensor is preferably connected to an expansion volume which, with the aid of a temperature-dependent installation movement, displaces, as mentioned above, the closing louvers. In this case, the installation movement is controlled just so that the convective heat dissipation at high heating capacities and thereby higher temperatures in the sensor zone increases.

The advantage is that the indicator of the heating body in this case can be made variable, so that even in the case when convective profiles pass over the entire surface of the radiator, the heating body can be realized with optimal heating power in full load mode with an optimally high proportion of radiation in partial mode load.

Other advantages of a single-section radiator are provided when bending its side sections back, respectively, to the wall, so that with double and essentially rectangular bending, they pass on the back side in parallel and at a distance from the front plate. This embodiment is very close to a two-section radiator. In such a radiator, the middle section is expediently not provided with convective profiles in order to maximize the proportion of radiation in this section facing the room. In contrast, convective profiles that preferably extend over the entire surface of the radiator are preferably located on the backwardly folded side portions.

If the rear surfaces of the radiator extend over almost the entire width of the front surface, then the middle section facing the room is expediently equipped with an inlet connection, while on the rear side in this case two existing connection points converge with the return line. Along with, in particular, a uniformly heated front surface in the partial load mode, this embodiment has a particular advantage in that it actually approaches a two-section radiator without the need to connect two heating bodies to each other using connecting pipes, which usually leads to higher manufacturing costs. In contrast, suitable bending of a single-layer radiator is relatively simple.

Just for countries with mild winters, another embodiment of a single-section radiator according to a utility model is particularly preferable, in which the return line is made in the form of a pipe passing behind the radiator along a substantial part of its length. This return line is advantageously provided with a plurality of preferably circular or rectangular convective plates which, at cold outdoor temperatures, significantly increase the fraction of heat removed by convection, which, however, is barely heated on less cold days, and in particular in partial load mode, since warm water is already cooled by front surface of the heating plate to room temperature. In this embodiment, the front surface of the radiator is expediently not provided with convective sheets at all.

The advantage is that in this embodiment, at a relatively low cost, it is possible to create a radiator with sufficient thermal power and excellent control parameters. For this purpose, a pipe, which is already equipped with convective bodies, is used, which is commercially available in the form of an inexpensive product sold per meter. The diameter of this pipe, as well as the general surface of convective bodies, can be coordinated with the design of the radiator. Such a radiator is preferably further provided on its front surface with convective profiles, which can be further closed by the already mentioned adjustable closing louvers.

To ensure the above-mentioned flow deviations from the lower corner zone upwards, the so-called support inserts, respectively, spacers with a shaped drain pipe and a transverse hole, are used in the utility model. With appropriate installation, the transverse hole is in the continuation of the connecting section, i.e. connection points with the feed line, respectively, the connection points with the return line, or in the continuation of the connecting pipe for connecting the front and rear heating plate. In addition, the drain pipe is located in one of the vertically extending flow channels of the heating plate, so that the drain can preferably be concentrated in a specific flow channel.

The advantage is that when using a support insert or a spacer according to a utility model, the connection with the supply line can be located in the lower zone of the radiator, without the need to use a valve device located outside the radiator with a riser for directing water upward. This helps to further reduce manufacturing costs.

In addition, you can also create a radiator with a connecting headset, in which, at least in a predominant way excluded non-differentiated flow passage through the heating sections of the radiator.

Moreover, the advantages achieved in accordance with this embodiment are based on the fact that the connecting headset, starting from the input of the headset, has a riser that supplies the heating medium to one of the heating sections, respectively, one of the heating plates. In addition, such a connecting headset has an additional riser that connects one, preferably a front heating section to another, preferably a rear heating section, in particular, a branch is further provided that connects the other heating section to a headset return, so that the heating sections preferably, the heating plates can be connected in series to the heating installation.

In the upper end zone of the riser, a connection zone for a valve, a thermostatic valve or the like can preferably be provided, with which it is possible to carry out the flow of the heating medium through a radiator according to a utility model with said series connection of the heating sections, respectively, of the heating plates.

The flow can also be passed through the connecting headset in the opposite direction, so that first the flow passes from the inlet through the section of the heating body, respectively, the heating plate, then the heating medium through an additional riser enters the heating plate, which in this case is preferably a rear heating plate, so that then removed from this plate from the radiator through the riser. However, an embodiment of the utility model, in which the front plate is provided with a heating medium from above, is preferable, since in this case the heating medium is better distributed over the heating plate.

The input of the headset and the output of the headset are preferably fixed to the main, respectively, mounting plate. It can be designed for both floor mounting and wall mounting. Alternative execution is also possible. In the case of mounting on the floor, the main, respectively, mounting plate may be provided with a connecting element, for example, a shoe or the like. for outdoor tripod. In the case of mounting on the wall, a corner portion may be provided, which, in the case of the location of the entrance and return with closing the front portion, may also extend around the rear heating portion at its lower end.

To provide a simpler and more reproducible mounting of the connecting headset, for example by resistance welding, soldering or the like, the connecting headset according to a utility model may be provided with a connecting section in which the riser ends, while the connecting section is fixed to one, preferably front heating section. Due to the sequential joining method, in which the riser is welded, brazed, or the like. to the connecting section, it is possible to install the connecting headset, according to the utility model, so that the riser and the additional riser are located in the longitudinal direction of the radiator, respectively, of its heating plates with such an offset that a space-saving installation in the radiator is provided according to the utility model. In addition, there is no need to bend the riser around several spatial axes, although in principle this is also possible. In addition, the connecting section provides additional possibilities for arranging functional devices, such as, for example, an air valve, a control or thermostat valve, or the like. The riser is preferably connected to the connecting portion via an elbow, so that in the installed position, the area below the connecting portion remains free. Naturally, and vice versa, the riser can enter directly from below directly into the connecting section, however, in this case, to avoid excessive complexity of the individual parts of the connecting headset, according to the utility model, it is preferable to mount an additional riser with an appropriate offset, respectively, using the elbow.

In addition, special advantages are provided when an additional riser is connected through an additional connection in the lower end zone of one, preferably the front heating section, respectively, of the heating plate. In this case, the connecting section should preferably have at least approximately the same dimensions with an additional connection, so that due to the connecting, respectively, valve headset according to the utility model, in its mounting position on the radiator, parallel heating sections are possible, respectively, heating plates and mechanically stable fixation without other mechanical components.

The connecting section, which is preferably installed in the upper zone of the radiator, preferably has an intermediate closure, with the riser connected on the side facing one, preferably the front heating section. In contrast, the additional riser is connected on the other side of the connecting portion with respect to the intermediate lock, so that the additional riser refers to another, preferably rear heating section. The type of connection provided by this is mechanically stable and relatively simple to manufacture and install, since this type of connection headset can be easily prefabricated and easily fixed in a contact welding machine, which can also be automated.

In addition, the value of the connecting headset, according to the utility model, can be significantly increased due to the fact that the additional connection preferably contains at the lower end of the radiator an additional intermediate lock, which is connected on the side facing one, preferably the front heating section. In this case, the lower end portion of the other, preferably rear heating section is connected to the additional connection on the side facing the other, preferably rear heating section. The additional riser in this case can be connected to the additional connection on the side facing one, preferably the front heating section. Due to this, the maximum number of direct connecting pipelines can be dispensed with, however, this provides easily reproducible geometry and thereby regularly reproduced installation of the connecting, respectively, valve headset, according to the utility model.

Particular advantages are provided by the fact that when using an additional connection with an additional intermediate lock, this lock is an installed connection in the installed state, in an incision parallel to the cylindrical axis of the additional connection, inclined by the plate, so that the additional riser can be connected near another, preferably rear heating section. Thus, the additional riser can be hydrodynamically correctly turned on from the side, respectively, offset back into the connecting headset, while the riser is located essentially in the middle, and again, it is possible to arrange the riser in the outlet area on the upper connecting section during the extension of the riser, for example valve, thermostatic valve or the like If a thermostat valve is provided, then it is preferable to laterally mount the connecting headset according to the utility model, since otherwise the thermostat may respond to the thermal radiation of the radiator itself, and not to room temperature, which in principle is subject to regulation. In the case of the mid-position of the connecting headset according to the utility model on the radiator, the temperature sensor, respectively, of the thermostat head should preferably be provided on the side of the radiator, for example, in the lower section, in order to be able to control the flow of the heating medium through the radiator depending on room temperature. Naturally, instead of a thermostatic valve, you can use a conventional valve, so that the installation in the middle of the radiator does not create problems. If the regulation of the flow rate of the heating medium in the return line is sufficient, then, in principle, described in relation to the additional connection, the execution of the additional intermediate lock in an inclined form can also be performed at the top, in which case the additional riser can be located essentially in the middle, so that it can be provided connecting section for the valve, respectively, of the thermostatic valve.

In addition, it should be noted that the provided section for the valve, thermostatic valve or the like, can be differently oriented. For example, if the connecting headset according to a utility model is fixed to the side of the radiator, then this section can be positioned so that the valve protrudes to the side of the end of the radiator. Naturally, in particular, with the central installation, as well as with the central installation with offset on the radiator, it is possible to orient the connecting section for the valve, respectively, of the thermostatic valve, so that the valve installed later, respectively, the thermostat valve on the radiator will be accessible from above, accordingly, protrudes above the upper end of the radiator. A connecting portion for the air valve may also be provided.

In principle, there is no need for complete tightness of the intermediate constipation in the connecting section, respectively, of an additional intermediate constipation in the additional connection. You can even allow a large leak, since the heating medium with a small pressure of the heating medium, as a rule, chooses the path of least resistance and thereby will go along the desired path. Naturally, it is preferable that the corresponding intermediate constipation is at least essentially waterproof or completely waterproof, for directing the heating medium completely along a predetermined path.

The following is a detailed description of the subject matter of the utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are schematically shown. At the same time, additional advantages and features of the utility model are disclosed. According to a utility model, individual features can also be combined in any other way. In this case, the drawings show:

figure 1 - two-section flat radiator according to a utility model, in an isometric projection in front;

figure 2 - two-section radiator according to a utility model, with central points of connection with the supply and return lines;

figure 3 is a cross section of a two-section radiator, in which convective sheets can be closed using the expansion volume and closing the blinds;

4 is a diagram of a single-section radiator according to a utility model;

5 is a single-section radiator according to a utility model, with side sections bent back and central connecting sections;

6 is another one-section radiator according to a utility model, with a rear pipe section, which is equipped with convective bodies;

7 is a spacer device (support insert) according to a utility model for deflecting a heating fluid flowing through a radiator, namely, in the operating position;

Fig - connection diagram of an electric flat radiator according to a utility model;

Fig.9 is a cross-section of a radiator according to a utility model installed in the front mounting space of the wall;

figure 10 is an embodiment in which the convective section is located next to the radiation section;

11 is a radiator with a connecting headset according to a utility model, a side view in partial section, and also a side view;

Fig.12 - the connecting headset of the radiator according to Fig.11, in a view rotated 90 ° relative to the view in Fig.1;

Fig - two-layer vertical heating wall, in an exploded isometric view;

Fig - partial horizontal section of the passage for the heating medium in the upper zone of the vertical heating wall;

Fig - horizontal section of the lower zone of the heating wall, according to Fig;

Fig - another embodiment of a two-layer vertical heating wall, in an exploded isometric view;

Fig.17 is a partial horizontal section of the passage for the heating medium in the upper zone of the vertical heating wall, according to Fig.16;

Fig is a horizontal section of the lower zone of the heating wall, according to Fig;

Fig - two-layer horizontal heating wall, in an exploded isometric view;

Fig. 20 is a vertical section through a portion of a horizontal heating wall in the area of the left dividing wall;

Fig is a vertical section of a part of a horizontal heating wall on the right in the area of the guide sheets;

Fig - another embodiment of a two-layer horizontal heating wall, in an exploded isometric view;

Fig.23 is a partial horizontal section of the passage for the heating medium in the upper zone of the horizontal heating wall, according to Fig.22;

Fig.24 is a horizontal section of the lower zone of the heating wall, according to Fig.23;

Fig.25 is a vertical section of a heating wall, according to Fig.23, in the right side zone;

Fig is another embodiment of a two-layer horizontal heating wall, in an exploded isometric view;

Fig.27 is a partial horizontal section of the passage for the heating medium in the upper zone of the horizontal heating wall, according to Fig.26;

Fig.28 is a horizontal section of the lower zone of the heating wall, according to Fig.27;

Fig.29 is a vertical section of a heating wall, according to Fig.27, in the right side zone.

Figure 1 shows a two-section radiator according to a utility model with a so-called one-way connection, in which the place VL of the connection to the supply line is in the upper corner zone (a) of the front heating plate 1, and the place of the RL connection to the return line is in the lower corner zone ( d ') the rear heating plate 1'. The warm water flowing through the junction with the feed line is appropriately distributed in the front heating plate before being directed through the connecting section (cc '), preferably a metal or plastic pipe, into the rear heating plate 1'. The heating plate is expediently made of two half-shells, respectively, of profiled plates, preferably of steel sheet or plastic, which are welded, respectively, connected to each other impervious to water. In order to evenly distribute the flowing means, preferably water, each profile is configured such that there are several flow channels in the vertical direction (ad) extending in the vertical direction (ad), as well as a corresponding transverse on the upper and lower longitudinal edge (a-b, respectively, dc) flow channel. For uniform distribution, the corresponding transverse flow channels can expand funnel-shaped in the longitudinal direction.

Water that flows into the lower corner zone (c ') must first be deflected into the upper corner zone (b'). The natural tendency of warm water to rise up is expediently supported by a special embodiment of the rear heating plate 1 'in this corner zone. For this, a tube can be provided in one of the flowing channels extending in the vertical direction, which is connected to the connecting section (c-c '), so that the inflowing water is deflected upward. This tube can be discarded if this flow channel is separated from the lower transverse flow channel. However, for this purpose, a support insert according to a utility model can also be used, as will be explained below.

In the upper corner zone (b '), the water again deviates in the horizontal longitudinal direction, as indicated by dashed arrows, before it again flows through the vertical flow channels in the direction of the junction with the return line in the lower corner zone (d'). For ease of manufacture, the front and rear heating plates can be the same, so that the place VL of the connection to the feed line can also be in the lower corner zone (d) of the front heating plate. To do this, the warm water flowing through the connection point VL to the supply line must first be diverted to the upper corner zone (a), preferably using the measures indicated above.

To increase the fraction of heat removed due to convection, convective profiles can be located on the heating plates, respectively, sheets 2, which in the top view can have a rectangular or wave profile. In one preferred embodiment, both the front and rear heating plates are provided with a corresponding convective profile. However, it is also possible that only the rear heating plate is provided with one or two convective profiles. To further increase the heating power, the radiator may also have a third heating plate, which is located behind the second heating plate and connected with it in parallel or in series.

Due to the use of an attachable, for example, screwed-in connecting pipe (c-c '), there is no need for a reliable connection of the heating plates to each other, and they can be adapted in the form of modules to the existing conditions.

Just in the partial load mode, i.e. at low heating capacities, respectively, at low flow rates of the flowing means, only the front heating plate 1 but not the rear plate is heated, which contributes to the comfort of the indoor microclimate. If convective profiles are not located on the front heating plate, then usually about 50% of the heat is removed from it through radiation. In this case, the radiator has a relatively small index of the heating body, so that it can be adjusted to lower flow rates compared to a radiator with a large convection fraction, which provides better adjustability.

Just with long radiators, which are necessary for large rooms, in particular, office premises, the radiator in the area (a) of the connection to the supply line can be warm to the touch, but long before the connecting section (c) it is cold to the touch. This can lead to the fact that convection caused by the radiator far in front of the connecting section is no longer sufficient for the swirl and upward direction of the cold air falling downward, which comes from the window above the radiator. As a result of this, a person who is, for example, near the radiator inlet connection, feels heat near the legs, while another person in the area of the connecting section due to the falling cold air will feel cold near the legs.

To eliminate this undesirable effect, in one preferred embodiment of the utility model shown in FIG. 2, a central arrangement of the connection points with the supply and return lines is provided, and preferably the symmetrical branching of the flowing warm water into the left and right flows. For this purpose, preferably, a transverse protrusion is provided below the connection point VL to the supply line, as shown in FIG. 2 in the form of a transverse line. To transfer the flow to the rear heating plate in the lower corner zones (d, respectively, c), two connecting pipes (d-d ', respectively, c-c') are provided, at the ends of which there is a corresponding tube, a support insert according to a utility model or another suitable device for deflecting the flow in the rear heating plate up. After the impact of the flowing medium into the upper corner zones (a ', respectively, b') of the rear heating plate, the flow deviates towards the middle (m). In the middle of the upper transverse flow channel, a partition can be made to separate the left and right flow, as shown by a vertical transverse line. Through the vertical flow channels, as well as the transverse flow channel, the fluid finally enters the place RL of the connection to the return line.

While the surface temperature in the radiator with the connection points with the supply and return lines located on one side falls across the entire width of the radiator, with the central location of the connection point with the supply line, the corresponding temperature profile is symmetrical and increases the user's comfort.

Since the flow passes through the front heating plate in front of the rear heating plate, the amount of heat generated by both heating plates is different, in particular in the partial load mode. It depends on the individual performance of the heating plates. Namely, to reduce the cost of manufacture, both heating plates tend to be the same. However, in order for the radiator to still have a warm front heating plate, even at low heating powers, the front plate should preferably have a higher radiation fraction, while the rear heating plate preferably has a high convection fraction in order to provide the necessary heating power on cold days . Therefore, the front heating plate preferably does not have a convective profile.

As a compromise solution between these two extreme cases, in another embodiment of the utility model, adjustable closing louvers are provided which, depending, in particular, on the required heating power, regulate the flow of room air at convective profiles. Figure 3 shows in cross section a two-section radiator according to a utility model with adjustable shutters for two convective profiles 2.

For this, the front heating plate 1 facing the room is equipped with a temperature sensor 6, as well as an expansion volume 3, which are used, for example, to rearrange windows in greenhouses. Moving across the heating plates 1, 1 ', the valve pusher is connected, on the one hand, with an expansion volume 3 and, on the other hand, with one of the cover sheets 7 to allow the sheet to move when the temperature changes. To transfer the permutation movement to the second closing sheet, scissor-shaped guide rods 5 with a fixed middle or pivot point and two guide rods are provided, the corresponding one end of which is fixedly connected, and the corresponding other end is slidably connected with the cover sheet. To provide a return force, several spring elements 4 can be provided, so that the cover sheets 7, on the one hand, press on the scissor-shaped guide rods 5, and on the other hand, abut against the spring elements 4, which in turn abut against the holding frame. If only one convective profile is provided, then it is enough to connect the valve pusher directly to the cover sheet, so that there is no need for guide rods.

The expansion volume is a thermostatic capsule with a volume of liquid that expands when heated, and accordingly contracts when cooled. Media such as wax or paraffin are commonly used. The expansion volume is designed so that the thermal expansion of the volume is converted into a permutation movement of the valve follower. The corresponding permutation motion can be linear or depend on temperature, or approach a jump function at a given jump temperature. Using scissor-like mechanics, the permutation movement of the valve pusher is transformed into the transverse movement of the cover sheets. They are preferably designed such that at relatively high temperatures in the lower portion of the front heating plate, i.e. when the radiator must give off high heating power, the cover sheets 7 open the convective profiles KB, so that air can flow unhindered at the convective profiles. In this case, the radiator gives off its heat mainly due to convection. The corresponding indicator of the heating body for a convective radiator is relatively large, for example, 1.5. When the temperature drops in the lower end portion of the front heating plate, the cover sheets 7 are rearranged and the convective profiles are closed, so that the proportion of heat given off by the radiation increases, and the overall heating power generally decreases. Due to the increased share of radiation, the corresponding index of the heating body becomes less, for example, 1.25, which preferably affects the control parameters in the partial load mode. In order to provide a switching action, in a particular embodiment of the utility model, memory alloys or bimetallic springs can be provided.

In addition, such control parameters can be achieved using a thermostatic valve for regulating, which can regulate the flow in the radiation section and in the convection section independently of each other, or by performing regulation of the radiation section and the convection section independently of each other so that at small the heating portion of the room is preferably loaded with a radiation section, and with a higher heating load of the room, the convection section is additionally loaded.

The solution according to the utility model can be applied not only in multi-section, but also in single-section radiators. For this purpose, FIG. 4 shows a single-section radiator according to a utility model with a first section 8, which is preferably located in the upper zone of the radiator, and a second section 9. The inlet is located on the first section 8, so that a stream of warm water passes through it in front of the second section. For a more even distribution of warm water, a transverse flow channel is preferably located on the upper longitudinal edge (a-b), to which other transverse flow channels or several vertically extending flow channels (not shown) are adjacent in the form of a meander, which can extend into the lower flow channels (indicated by thick vertical lines). However, between the first and second sections it is advisable to have a dividing wall 10, so that the flowing warm water is first concentrated in the upper section to give off heat in it, before entering through one or more connecting channels 11 into the lower section.

The upper section preferably does not have convective profiles, so that the upper section is a flat radiator with a high proportion of radiation and a small indicator of the heating body. The lower section usually has a convective profile 2, so that in the lower section most of the heat is removed by convection. If a dividing wall is made between the first section and the second section, then there is a serial connection of the radiating and convective heating bodies.

When warm water flows at low heating capacities and thereby a low flow rate to the upper section, the water cools in the upper section before entering the second section, so that a significant part of the radiator surface feels warm and thereby comfortable. In order to evenly distribute the temperature over the surface, it can be provided, in particular with very long radiators, that the connection to the supply line is centrally located, as indicated above.

With very long radiators or at high required heating capacities, it may be advisable to bend the side sections (a, b) of the radiator back, so that in the extreme case, as shown in Fig. 5, an almost two-section radiator is obtained in which the side sections preferably extend parallel in parallel along a substantial part of the front surface of the heating body. In this case, it is advisable to choose the above central location of the junction with the supply and return lines. In contrast to the two-section radiator indicated at the beginning, in this embodiment, it is no longer necessary to connect the front and rear heating plates to each other via connecting pipes, which leads to a significant reduction in manufacturing cost. The necessary bending of the radiator can be performed both before the connection, respectively, by welding both half-pipes 20a, 20b of the radiator, and after it.

Convective sheets 2 are expediently located only on the rear heating plate 1 'or pass in the front section only along a relatively small part of the height of the radiator, so that this radiator also forms a radiation section and a convection section.

Figure 6 shows another embodiment of a single-section, respectively, two-section radiator with a front radiating section 8 and a rear convective section 9. For this, a single-section radiator according to a utility model or other flat radiator is connected through a usually flexible connecting pipe 13 made of plastic, metal or the like. P. with the pipe section 14 located behind the radiator. To increase the convection fraction, at least the rear pipe section is provided with a plurality of circular or rectangular convective bodies, respectively, plates 15, the surface of which is selected depending on the required total heating power. Since such pipes in the future will be offered in the form of very cheap goods sold per meter, it is possible to realize a radiator, which, on the one hand, is very cheap and, on the other hand, provides the advantages of a two-section radiator according to a utility model.

Such a radiator can be used, in particular, in southern countries with relatively mild winters, where a very high proportion of radiation is usually required, but a very high proportion of convection is also required in a very small number of days. Due to the series connection of the radiation section and the convection section, both conditions can be uniformly fulfilled. To further increase the proportion of convection, it is also possible to partially equip the front heating plate with convective sheets, as indicated by a dashed wavy line.

Figure 9 shows in cross section, as an example, the installation of the radiator according to the utility model in the installation space in front of the wall. The installation space in front of the wall is often carried out when the bathrooms are being renovated in the form of a basement support column 26 in front of the wall. The support column serves to secure equipment, such as a washbasin 28 or the like. After completion of the sanitation work, the support strut is lined with a plate and serves as a practical auxiliary surface 25.

This mounting space in front of the wall can be used to save space for installing the radiator. To this end, it is preferable to install a single-section or multi-section radiator according to the utility model so that the radiating section 1 is located on the side of the room, while the convective section G is in the air duct 27. To ensure air convection, the mounting space in front of the wall is provided on its lower, respectively the upper side of the intake and exhaust grilles (29, 30). The radiating portion 1 preferably ends flush with the front upper surface. The convective section can be made in the form of convective sheets or pipes with convective bodies according to Fig.6. In this way, a wall-mounted heating surface is created, which is advantageous in a space-saving manner, which, due to the structure of the radiator consisting of one or more elements, just at low temperatures in the supply line, is preferably felt warm and comfortable.

Figure 10 shows another preferred embodiment of a multi-part radiator according to a utility model in which the radiating section 1 and one or more convective sections are located next to each other. The radiating section 1 is preferably located under the window 31 and is dimensioned so that its surface even on cold days, on the one hand, can compensate for the cold radiating surface of the window 31 above it and, on the other hand, due to its proportion of convection, can, despite this , compensate for the falling cold air. The convective section 1 'is located on the side above or below the radiating section with sequential inclusion in the direction of flow and preferably runs along the floor plinth. For this, the convective section is preferably made in the form of a pipe equipped with convective bodies, as described in relation to FIG. 6, and, for reasons of appearance and hygiene of the room, can in turn be provided with a lining.

In all of the above multi-section radiators, the front-most, preferably facing the room, heating plate is the warmest, while the heating plates located on the side of the wall can be relatively cold. This leads to the fact that less heat is uselessly lost through the wall of the house. To further prevent such heat loss in all radiators according to a utility model, a radiating screen 12 can be provided on the wall side, which is preferably made of multilayer aluminum and serves both for radiation insulation and thermal insulation in the direction of the wall. Such a radiating screen can also serve as insulation between the front heating plate and the heating plates located behind it.

As mentioned above, the heating medium, which flows through the connecting pipe section (c-c ', respectively, d-d') into the lower connecting zone (c ', respectively, d') of the heating plate 1 ', should be directed upward (b' , respectively, a '). While this can be expediently achieved using a suitably made vertical flow channel, it is preferable to use for this purpose a spacer device, respectively, a support insert, as explained below with reference to Fig.7.

The upper part of Fig. 7 shows a part of a half-shell, respectively, of a plate in a front view, namely, before connecting this half-cup to a correspondingly made second half-shell. As mentioned above, this half-shell is profiled, respectively, provided with impressions 21, 22a, 22b, so that several flow channels 21 preferably pass in the heating plate according to the utility model, preferably in the vertical direction, as well as on the lower or upper longitudinal edge (not shown) essentially transverse flow channel 23 perpendicular to them. In the lower, respectively, left part of Fig. 7, a part of a radiator according to a utility model is shown in a plan view, respectively, in a transverse section, p and that in this embodiment the seat 18 connected to the supply line located in the middle and on the bottom longitudinal edge of the radiator, as provided according to the utility model for long radiators.

To reject the water flowing through the place VL, 18 to the water supply line adjacent to the inlet connection, the vertical flow channel can be separated from the remainder of the lower transverse flow channel, for example, by a dividing wall. However, it is preferable, before the addition of both half-shells, to one of the half-shells to insert a specially made support insert, respectively, a spacer device. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the support insert has a transverse hole 19a in its lower portion, which is preferably made in the form of a passage hole, as well as a hole 19b perpendicular to it. In its operating position, the perpendicular opening 19b is located in one of the vertically extending flow channels 21, while the transverse hole 19a is at a height and in continuation of the connection point 18 with the supply line. Due to this arrangement, the desired upward flow deviation is provided. While the deviation of the flow is preferably carried out through only one flow channel, the support insert can also be configured so that the flow passes through several flow channels.

In order for the support insert to occupy its predetermined working position, it preferably has a symmetrical shape. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the outer contour of the support insert is aligned with embossing, respectively, profiling will be obtained so that the vertically extending hole 19b lies in the flow channel 21. If the support insert is substantially ring-shaped, it can be provided in one the circumference of the flat side 19c, which in a predetermined working position is adjacent to the lower longitudinal edge. Due to the symmetrical execution, the automated installation of support inserts is facilitated, for example, using a robot or by lightly shaking one half-piece.

For the manufacture of a heating plate, two plates of plastically deformable material, preferably a steel sheet or plastic, are first provided with embossments 22a, 22b. The profiled in this way the plate forms one half-pot 20a, 20b. Each half-chamber is equipped with one or more openings for accommodating valve portions and places VL, RL of connection, respectively, of connecting sections (c-c '). In these places, between the two half-shells, support inserts are preferably installed in order to perceive the two arising when connecting, respectively, the welding will receive, respectively, when fastening the connecting sections, very large forces so that they do not lead to undesirable deformation of the half-shells. Where an additional flow deflection should occur, a support insert is used according to a utility model with directional flow output.

The above principle, according to which more heat is supplied to the first section with a high fraction of radiation, in particular, at low heating powers, than to the other sections of the radiator, can, however, be applied not only to radiators through which the flow of the heating medium passes, but also for electric radiators, as shown in FIG. Thus, in accordance with the indicated single-section, respectively, multi-section radiators, it is possible to arrange the radiating section 8, for example, above or in front of the convective section 9.

For this, according to the utility model, the respective sections are provided with a plurality of electric heating elements (R ₁ ... R _n , r ₁ ... r _n ), which are installed directly in the radiator in the metal bushings or in the corresponding flow channels, as indicated above. Such an electric radiator can be equipped with a closed flow path with water, paraffin or the like, while convection of the flow is caused by the heating elements themselves or by using additional drive means. The heating elements of the respective sections are usually included in parallel.

In the electric radiator shown in FIG. 8, according to a utility model, the parallel resistance of the first portion 8 is less than the resistance of the second or remaining portions 9, so that more heat is supplied to the first portion. It is advisable to control the individual heating elements of the sections individually or in cascades by means of an adjusting device, so that it is possible to coordinate the total heat output and, in particular, the fraction of heat given off by radiation and convection, individually and in accordance with indoor conditions. In particular, in a two-section radiator, it is preferable to turn off the heating elements of the plate on the wall side at the desired low heating power, so that a heating body with a high radiation content remains on the room side. For this, a relay 16 is additionally provided between both sections 8, 9 of the radiator.

In another preferred embodiment, the first, respectively, front heating section 8 is provided exclusively or additionally with self-regulating, respectively, self-limiting resistance, which is also used in so-called self-limiting pipe heaters. Self-limiting resistance preferably consists of ferrites which are embedded in a carrier material, such as, for example, an elastomer. Due to this, a temperature-dependent resistance is formed, which increases with increasing temperature, while an almost abrupt change in temperature can be provided, due to which the electrical resistance, for example, at low temperatures is independently limited.

If the first, respectively, front section 8 of the electric radiator according to a utility model is equipped with a self-limiting heating element, then it is possible without complicated regulation to ensure that the resistance of the first, respectively, front section 8 at low temperatures is less than the resistance of the remaining sections. Thus, in the partial load mode, when the surface of the radiator is relatively cold, the radiating portion of the radiator heats up more, so that the comfort of the room is increased. At medium temperatures of the radiator, the resistance of both sections of the radiator is the same, while at high heating powers, i.e. high temperatures of the heating plate, the surface temperature of the first section due to the self-limiting resistance of the element remains at a predetermined temperature, so that there is no danger of burns in the first, respectively, front section of the radiator.

Due to the aforementioned separation of the radiator according to the utility model into the first radiating section that passes through the stream and the convection section located downstream of it, it is possible to provide non-linear control parameters: when the demand for heating is low, heat is transferred predominantly through heat radiation, while when the demand is large in heating, most of the heat is transferred through convection.

Just in rooms with good thermal insulation and in the range of partial loads, the required heating power can vary significantly, for example, when with the required heating power of only 400 W, 300 W ceiling halogen lighting suddenly turns on or off. Therefore, to further improve the control parameters, the radiator according to a utility model preferably operates with a thermostatic valve with a non-linear, for example, progressive or regressive control characteristic. In this case, the control valve is preferably made so that the flow through the convection section can be completely or partially and independent of the regulation of the radiating section, respectively, to be controlled.

While the utility model was described above with reference to the radiator through which the flow of warm flowing medium passes, the principle of different loading of the radiator zones separated in space can also be applied to cooling bodies, such as, for example, ceiling coolers through which the flow of cold flowing means. Thus, in a two-section cooling body, the first section is facing the room, while the rear section is located on the side of the wall or connected to another heat exchanger. In particular, in a single-section cooling body, it may be appropriate that the first transmission section is located in the middle or on the edge of the cooling body, while the remaining sections are arranged in a complementary manner.

In some very special applications, in particular in kindergartens or in central heating systems in the countries of the former eastern bloc, multi-section radiators according to the utility model can also be used with the opposite switch on, so that the heating plate facing the room to be heated is colder than the plate located behind it. Thus, fingers cannot be burned on the front heating plate, which is already required by law in some countries in kindergartens. If the building conditions, such as, for example, thermal insulation, or the purpose of the application are then changed, then the multi-section radiators according to the utility model can simply be turned so that the warmer heating plate faces the room, thereby providing the above advantages. Thus, coordination can be made without replacing or acquiring a new radiator.

11 shows a radiator NK, which has two heating sections, hereinafter referred to as heating plates 1, 1`.

The heating plates through the connecting, respectively, valve set 100 are connected to a heating system, for example, central heating of a separate house or residential unit. In this case, the heating medium is supplied from the central heating system (not shown) through the headset input 120 (see Fig. 12) and the riser 102 to the connecting section 106. The connecting section 106 is connected to one, in this case, front heating plate 1 in the upper zone of the radiator . Here, the heating medium is introduced into the heating plate 1 and guided, for example, through the heating coil through the heating plate 1 for lowering through the additional connection 108 to the additional riser 104. The additional riser 104 at its upper end is again connected to the connecting section 106. In this case, the intermediate lock 110 ensures that the heating medium exiting the front heating plate 1 is essentially, in particular, exclusively directed to another, preferably rear heating th plate 1`. Then, the heating medium flows through the rear heating plate 1` and through the additional connection 108 through the guide section 116 is led to the output 118 of the headset, while the guide section 116 is separated by an additional intermediate lock 112, so that the heating medium is from another, preferably rear heating plate 1 `does not mix with the heating medium, which must be supplied to the additional riser 104. To ensure the possibility of location of the additional riser 104 with a maximum offset Niemi relatively riser 102 further intermediate latch 112 is formed obliquely. Naturally, in this case, it is also possible to weld a separate pipeline into an additional connection 108, to provide two separate, tightly closed relative to each other pipes or the like, with the help of which it is possible, respectively, to perform the specified function of the additional connection. The same applies, respectively, to the connecting section 106. The main, respectively, mounting plate 122 provides mechanical stability at the lower end of the headset 100, respectively, of the radiator HK and the possibility of arranging the mounting device here.

As indicated above, the connecting portion 106 is divided by an intermediate closure 110 into two sections, namely, on the one hand, to the zone related to the riser 102 and the zone 114 to which the additional riser 104 is connected.

The connecting section 106 has a connecting zone 128, in which on one side can be connected riser through the elbow 103 (see Fig). In contrast, the connecting zone 124 is for a valve, a thermostatic valve, a venting valve or the like. Naturally, the connecting zone 124 can be positioned so that it extends upward, i.e. parallel to the axis of the additional riser 104, and the valve must be configured accordingly to allow the heating medium to be supplied to the radiator.

Naturally, it is possible to flow through the radiator, according to FIG. 11, respectively, the headset, according to FIG. 12 in the opposite direction, so that input 120 is a return, and return 118 is an input.

13-29 show preferred applications of the utility model for so-called heating walls, which consist of vertical and horizontal flat heating pipes that are connected to each other so that fluid can flow through vertical or vertical manifold pipes or channels.

On Fig shows a two-section vertical heating wall with the so-called one-way connection, in which the place of the connection VL with the supply line is in the upper corner zone of the front heating plate 1, and the place of the connection RL with the return line is in the lower corner zone of the rear heating plate 1 ' . The warm water flowing through the inlet connection is appropriately distributed in the upper heating plate before it is directed through the connecting section, preferably a metal or plastic pipe, into the rear heating plate 1 ′. The passage of water in the upper zone is shown in Fig. 14, and in the lower zone - in Fig. 15. The connecting pipes are designed so that the heating medium can enter the rear heating plate only in the upper right zone. For this, tools are used in accordance with the above options for performing a utility model, which specialists can simply transfer to heating walls. On Fig shows a vertical heating wall in which the heating plates are connected to each other using T-shaped elements in the upper and lower corner zones. The flow of the heating medium is regulated, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, through the T-shaped elements, while they are closed or passing the fluid, so that the front heating plate always receives the flow of the heating medium in front of the rear heating plate.

FIGS. 19-29 show various embodiments of horizontal heating walls, i.e. heating pipes are located horizontally and are connected to each other from the side by collector pipes of a compact design. The flow control of the heating medium is carried out, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, through the guide sheets in the side zones, which are configured so that the front heating plate always receives the flow in front of the rear heating plate.

FIGS. 22-29 show other embodiments of horizontal heating walls, wherein the flow of the heating medium is regulated similarly to the above embodiments for vertical heating walls, i.e. through suitably made connecting pipes or T-shaped elements. To exclude repetitions, their repeated description is not given and reference is made to the above embodiments.

Claims (54)

1. At least a one-section, preferably two-section or multi-section radiator, in particular a flat radiator or a heating wall, comprising - place (VL) of the connection to the feed line, - the place (RL) of the connection with the return line, and through the first section (1) facing the heated room passes essentially evenly the flow of the heating medium in front of at least one other section (1 ') preferably located behind it, characterized in that only in the lower end zone of the first section (1) is provided at least one connection with at least one other section (1 '). 2. A radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first section (1) is configured to supply more heat to it at least with low heating power than to the rest of the radiator. 3. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections are made in the form of plates and are preferably formed from profiled plates or flat pipes that are connected to each other through collector channels, in particular from a steel sheet, and the plates are profiled so that the sections (1, 1 ') include a plurality of flow channels, the total length of the flow channels in the first section (1) being greater than in the remaining sections, the flow resistance of the flow channels of the first section (1) being less than in the remaining sections, the sections being connected through one or more flexible connecting pipe sections, preferably of metal or plastic. 4. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the place (VL) of the connection to the supply line and the place (RL) of the connection to the return line are each located on one vertical longitudinal edge of the radiator, or are each located in the middle of the horizontal length of the radiator. 5. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first section (1) is located above or below the second section (1 '), and preferably both sections are made in one heating body, respectively, one heating plate. 6. Radiator according to claim 5, characterized in that the surfaces of the sections (1, 1 ') are provided with convective profiles (2), which preferably have a rectangular or wave profile. 7. Radiator according to claim 5, characterized in that the first section (1) is free from the convective profile. 8. Radiator according to claim 6, characterized in that adjustable closing louvers (7) are provided for changing the cross section of the flow around convective profiles (2), and the closing louvers (7) are installed with the possibility of rearrangement depending on temperature so that at low input temperature in the first section (1) closing the blinds (7) essentially close the convective profiles (2). 9. A radiator according to claim 8, characterized in that a thermal sensor (6) is provided, which is located in the first section (1). 10. A radiator according to claim 8, characterized in that for the rearrangement of the closing shutters (7) a temperature-dependent compensating volume (3) is provided or metal with memory or bimetal is used. 11. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that an insulating layer is provided, preferably of single-layer or multilayer aluminum, which is located between the first section and at least the section located behind it, preferably in the first section. 12. The radiator according to claim 1 or 11, characterized in that on the side of the wall it is equipped with a radiating screen, preferably of laminated aluminum. 13. A radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one spacer device (19) is located between the plates (20a, 20b) of the heating section (1, 1 '). 14. The radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that for connecting the sections (1, 1 ') of the radiator (NK) with the supply and return lines of a centralized heating installation, for example, a central heating installation, respectively, based on the heat supplied through district heating networks, heating installation, a connecting headset is provided, the headset (100) comprising a headset input (120) and a headset return (118), which are located in the lower zone of the headset, respectively of the radiator, and the headset (100), proceeding from the input (120) headsets, contains a riser (102) for supplying a heating medium to one of the heating sections (1), respectively, one of the heating plates, and an additional riser (104) is provided for connecting one heating section (1) to another heating section (1 `), so that a series connection of the heating sections, preferably the heating plates (1, 1 '), with the heating installation is ensured. 15. A radiator according to claim 14, characterized in that, during the extension of the additional riser (104), a branch (116) is provided for connecting another heating section (1 ') to the headset return (118) to ensure a series connection of the heating sections, preferably heating plates, with heating installation. 16. A radiator according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that one heating section (1) is the front heating section and the other heating section (1 ') is the rear heating section of the radiator (NK). 17. A radiator according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the input and return (120, 118) of the headset are mounted on the main mounting plate (122), respectively, which can be made for floor mounting and / or wall mounting. 18. A radiator according to claim 14, characterized in that a connecting section (106) is provided on the upper end portion of the riser (102), in which the riser (102) ends, and the connecting section is preferably fixed to the front heating section. 19. A radiator according to claim 18, characterized in that the riser (102) is connected to the connecting section through a pipe bend (103). 20. A radiator according to claim 14, characterized in that the additional riser (104) is connected via an additional connection (108) to the lower end zone of the preferably front heating section (1). 21. A radiator according to claim 18, characterized in that the connecting section (106) comprises an intermediate lock (110), the riser (102) being connected on the side facing one, preferably the front, heating section, while the additional riser ( 104) is connected on the other side of the connecting section (106), which is connected to another, preferably rear, heating section (1 '). 22. A radiator according to claim 20, characterized in that the additional connection contains an additional intermediate lock (112), moreover, one, preferably front, heating section is connected to the side facing it, and the lower end section of another, preferably rear, heating section (1 ') is connected to the additional connection (108) on the side facing it. 23. A radiator according to claim 21, characterized in that the additional riser (104) is connected to the additional connection (108) on the side facing one, preferably the front, heating section (1). 24. The radiator according to claim 22, characterized in that the additional intermediate lock is a plate, which, in the installed state of the additional connection in the plane extending parallel to the cylindrical axis of the additional connection, runs obliquely, enabling the connection of an additional riser (104) near another, preferably rear, heating section (1 '). 25. A radiator according to claim 21, characterized in that the intermediate closure (110) is at least substantially waterproof. 26. A radiator according to claim 22, characterized in that the additional intermediate closure (112) is at least substantially waterproof. 27. A radiator according to claim 14, characterized in that the valve headset (100) is designed to connect to the radiator (NK), essentially in the middle and / or essentially on the side and preferably in the upper zone of the riser, respectively, on the connecting section a place (124) for connecting functional devices through which it is possible to attach a functional device, for example, a locking plug, an air valve, a control valve, a thermostat valve, or the like. 28. One-section, in particular, a flat radiator containing - place (VL) of the connection to the feed line, - the place (RL) of the connection to the return line and - made in the form of a plate and a flow-passing heating body, characterized in that at least two differently calculated sections (8, 9) are provided, the first section (8) in the direction of flow being located in front of the remaining sections and more heat can be supplied to it at least with low heating power than the rest of the sites. 29. A radiator according to claim 28, characterized in that at least on one surface of the heating body there are convective profiles (2), which preferably have a rectangular or wave profile in plan. 30. Radiator according to clause 29, wherein the common surface of the convective profiles of the first section (8) is smaller than the general surface of the convective profiles of the remaining sections. 31. A radiator according to claim 28, characterized in that the first portion (8) is free of convective profiles. 32. The radiator according to p. 28, characterized in that the heating body is made of profiled plate material, preferably steel sheet, with the formation of many flow channels or flat pipes that are connected to each other using collector channels, and the flow resistance of the flow channels of the first section (8) is less than the resistance of the remaining sections. 33. A radiator according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the heating body is profiled so that at least the first section (8) contains several flow channels that extend horizontally and in the form of a meander up or down, moreover, at least the second section (9) is shaped so that it contains several flowing channels extending in the vertical direction, and the first section (8) is separated from the remaining sections by at least one dividing wall (10). 34. A radiator according to claim 33, characterized in that only one connecting channel (11) passes through the partition wall (10). 35. A radiator according to claim 34, characterized in that the connecting channel (11) is located on one vertical longitudinal edge of the heating body. 36. A radiator according to claim 33, characterized in that several connecting channels (11) pass through the partition wall (10). 37. The radiator according to claim 28, characterized in that the place (VL) of the connection to the supply line is located on one vertical longitudinal edge of the heating body, or in the middle of the horizontal length of the heating body. 38. The radiator according to claim 28, characterized in that the heating body is bent back at least on one longitudinal edge to form a rear surface of the heating body, preferably preferably facing the wall, which preferably runs parallel to the front surface of the heating body, the entrance being located on the front preferably facing the heated room surface of the heating body. 39. The radiator according to claim 28, characterized in that the place (RL) of the connection to the return line is made in the form of a pipe and passes behind the heating body along a substantial part of its length. 40. A radiator according to claim 39, characterized in that the pipe return line (14) is provided with a plurality of circular or rectangular convective bodies (15). 41. A radiator according to claim 28, characterized in that it has two sections, and the first section (8) is located in the middle between the remaining sections (9). 42. A radiator according to claim 28, characterized in that it is provided on the side of the wall with a radiating screen (12) preferably made of multilayer aluminum. 43. A single-section or multi-section electric radiator, preferably a flat radiator, containing at least two differently calculated sections (8, 9), which are equipped with a plurality of heating elements (R ₁ ... R _n , r ₁ ... r _m ), and an adjustment device characterized in that the adjusting device is designed so that the electrical resistance of the sections is independently adjustable, and more heat is supplied to the first section, at least with low heating power, than to the remaining sections. 44. A radiator according to claim 43, characterized in that it is single-sectioned and generally with two sections, the first section (8) being located above the second section (9), or the first section (8) is preferably facing the heated room and is located in front of plot (9). 45. The radiator according to item 43, wherein the electrical impedance of the first section is less than the corresponding impedance of the remaining sections. 46. A radiator according to claim 43, wherein the first portion (8) is provided with self-regulating, respectively self-limiting, resistance, preferably ferrites embedded in the elastomer. 47. The radiator according to item 43, wherein the sections are made of profiled plate material, preferably of steel sheet, with the formation of many flow channels (21, 23). 48. The radiator according to item 47, wherein a hollow space is formed in it for passing a flowing means, preferably water or paraffin. 49. A radiator according to claim 48, characterized in that the heating elements are integrated directly into one or more flowing hollow spaces (21), or the heating elements are integrated into metal bushings, and the bushings are integrated into flowing hollow spaces (21). 50. A radiator according to claim 43, characterized in that at least one spacer device (19) is located between the plates (20a, 20b) of the heating section (8, 9). 51. A radiator according to claim 50, characterized in that at least one of the spacer devices (19) has at least one flow channel (19b) for providing a predetermined directional deviation of the heating medium. 52. A radiator according to claim 50 or 51, characterized in that the spacer device (19) comprises means (19b, 19c) for providing a predetermined direction when installing the spacer device between the plates of the heating section, which comprise a supply line (VL). 53. A radiator according to claim 52, characterized in that the guiding means (19b) comprise at least one flow channel (19b), respectively, consist of it. 54. A radiator according to claim 52, characterized in that the guide means (19b) have an outer contour that at least approximately corresponds to the contour (21, 22a, 22b) between the plates or half-shells to improve orientation respectively.