KR950031634A - 복합변속기용 동력동기화기 - Google Patents

복합변속기용 동력동기화기 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR950031634A
KR950031634A KR1019950010829A KR19950010829A KR950031634A KR 950031634 A KR950031634 A KR 950031634A KR 1019950010829 A KR1019950010829 A KR 1019950010829A KR 19950010829 A KR19950010829 A KR 19950010829A KR 950031634 A KR950031634 A KR 950031634A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
motor
shaft
input shaft
gear
rotational speed
Prior art date
Application number
KR1019950010829A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
KR100300297B1 (ko
Inventor
에이 넬룸스 리차드
Original Assignee
프랑크 엠 사죠백
이턴 코오포레이숀
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 프랑크 엠 사죠백, 이턴 코오포레이숀 filed Critical 프랑크 엠 사죠백
Publication of KR950031634A publication Critical patent/KR950031634A/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR100300297B1 publication Critical patent/KR100300297B1/ko

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/12Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403Synchronisation before shifting
    • F16H2061/0422Synchronisation before shifting by an electric machine, e.g. by accelerating or braking the input shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/12Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches
    • F16H3/126Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches using an electric drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/70Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50Signals to an engine or motor
    • F16H63/502Signals to an engine or motor for smoothing gear shifts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19284Meshing assisters

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 비율변경중 복합주형 변속기와 같은 모우터차량 변속기(14)의 입력축(72)의 회전속도를 제어하는 장치(30)에 관한 것으로 모우터축(152)이 중간기어(156)및 중간축기어(104)를 통해 변속기(14)의 입력축(72)과 작동할 수 있게 맞물리게 하는 가변속도 모우터(150)를 포함한다. 모우터(150)은 전기, 유압, 및 가압모우터 일 수 있고, 입력축(72)의 속도가 업시프트중 감소하거나 다운시스프중 중가하도록 제로(0)의 최대값 사이에서 속도를 변경시킨다. 또 다른 실시예에서 모우터(150)는 입력축(72)과 출력축(22)가 작동할 수 있게 맞물려 있다.

Description

복합변속기용 동력동기화기
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 본 발명의 토오크컨버터 및 토오크컨버터분리 및 바이패스 클러치 구조의 개략도, 제2도는 본 발명의 자동기계 변속장치의 상세도, 제3도는 본 발명의 변속기의 주색션과 보조색션으로 차량연결을 구동시키기 위한 개략도.

Claims (20)

  1. 다수의 비율기어(114,116,118,120,128)가 선택적으로 맞물리는 주축(100)과 하나 이상의 중간축(90)를 구비한 기계변경 기어변속기(14)의 입력축(72)의 회전속도를 제어하는 장치에 있어서, 입력축(72)와 작동할 수 있게 맞물리는 모우터축(152)를 지니고 입력축(72)의 회전속도를 선택적으로 변경하는 가변속도 모우터(150)를 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 기계변경 기어변속기(14)는 입력축에 설치된 입력기어(98)와 중간축에 설치된 중간축기어(104)를 포함하고 모우터축(152)은 중간축기어(104)의 작동할 수 있게 맞물리는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  3. 제2항에 있어서, 모우터축(152)은 중간기어(156)을 통해 중간축기어(104)와 작동할 수 있게 맞물리는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, 모우터(150)의 속도는 제로(0)와 소정의 최대값 사이에서 변하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  5. 제1항에 있어서, 모우터(150)는 전기모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  6. 제5항에 있어서, 전기모우터(150)는 브러쉬래스(brushless) 전기모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  7. 제1항에 있어서, 유압모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  8. 제1항에 있어서, 모우터(150)는 가압모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  9. 제1항에 있어서, 변속기(14)는 주색션(94)과 보조색션(96)를 지닌 복합 변속기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  10. 다수의비율기어(114,116,118,120,128)가 선택적으로 맞물리는 주축(100)과 입력축(72)을 출력축(22)에 커플하도록 작동하는 하나 이상의 중간축(90,92)를 포함하는 주축(100)을 포함하는 모우터 차량 변속기(14)의 입력축(72)의 회전속도를 제어하는 장치에 있어서, 입력축(72)과 출력축(22)이 작동할 수 있게 맞물려 있고, 입력축(72)의 회전속도를 선택적으로 증가 또는 감소시키는 가변속도 모우터(150′)를 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  11. 제10항에 있어서, 입력축(72)에 설치된 입력기어(98)와 하나 이상의 중간축(90)에 설치되어 입력기어(98)와 맞물리는 중간축기어(104)를 더 포함하고, 상기 모우터(150′) 중간축기어(104)과 작동할 수 있게 맞물린 모우터축(152′)를 지닌 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  12. 제11항에 있어서, 모우터축(152′)은 제1중간기어(158)을 통해 중간축기어(158)을 통해 중간축기어(104)와 작동할 수 있게 맞물리는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  13. 제10항에 있어서, 출력축(22)에 설치된 출력기어(143)를 더 포함하고, 상기 모우터(150′)는 출력기어(143)과 작동할 수 있게 맞물리는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  14. 제13항에 있어서, 모우터(150′)는 제2중간기어(162)를 통해 출력기어(143)과 작동할 수 있게 맞물리는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  15. 제10항에 있어서, 모우터(150′)의 속도는 입력축(72)의 속도와 출력축(22)의 속도 사이에서 변하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  16. 제10항에 있어서, 모우터(150′)는 전기모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  17. 제16항에 있어서, 모우터(150′)은 부러쉬레스 전기모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  18. 제10항에 있어서, 모우터(150′)는 유압모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  19. 제10항에 있어서, 모우터(150′)는 가압모우터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 입력축 회전속도 제어장치.
  20. 보조색션(96)과 직렬로 연결된 주색션(94)를 포함하는 복합변속기(14)에 있어서,입력기어(98)가설치된입력축(72)과; 다수의 비율기어가(114,116,118,120,128)가 선택적으로 맞물리는 주축(100)과; 중간축이(102)이 설치되고, 입력축(98)과 맞물리는 하나 이상의 중간축(90,92)과; 모우터축(152,152′)이 중간축기어(102)의 작동할 수 있게 맞물려 있고, 중간축(102)과 입력기어(98)의 회전속도를 선택적으로 변경하여서 비율 반경중 동기화를 하게 하는 가변속도 전기모우터(150,150′)를 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 복합변속기.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019950010829A 1994-05-05 1995-05-03 복합변속기용동력동기화기 KR100300297B1 (ko)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9408923.2 1994-05-05
GB9408923A GB9408923D0 (en) 1994-05-05 1994-05-05 Power synchronizer for a compound transmission

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR950031634A true KR950031634A (ko) 1995-12-20
KR100300297B1 KR100300297B1 (ko) 2001-11-22

Family

ID=10754602

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1019950010829A KR100300297B1 (ko) 1994-05-05 1995-05-03 복합변속기용동력동기화기

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5560249A (ko)
EP (1) EP0681118B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR100300297B1 (ko)
CA (1) CA2148401C (ko)
DE (1) DE69510993T2 (ko)
GB (1) GB9408923D0 (ko)

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19652971A1 (de) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Synchronisiertes Stufenschaltgetriebe
WO1998040647A1 (de) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Getriebeintegrierte elektromaschine für kraftfahrzeug-brennkraftmaschinen und deren steuerung
US5979257A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-11-09 Chrysler Corporation Automated manual transmission mode selection controller
US5943918A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-08-31 Chrysler Corporation Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle
US6019698A (en) * 1997-12-01 2000-02-01 Daimlerchysler Corporation Automated manual transmission shift sequence controller
US5993350A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-11-30 Lawrie; Robert E. Automated manual transmission clutch controller
DE59905424D1 (de) * 1998-03-27 2003-06-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Antriebsstrang für ein kraftfahrzeug
DE19931311C2 (de) * 1999-07-07 2003-04-17 Bernd-Robert Hoehn Antriebsanordnung
DE19950679B4 (de) * 1999-10-21 2010-01-07 Volkswagen Ag Automatisiertes Doppelkupplungsgetriebe und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines automatisierten Doppelkupplungsgetriebes
US6251042B1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2001-06-26 General Motors Corporation Hybrid powertrain with an integrated motor/generator
GB2356903A (en) * 1999-12-01 2001-06-06 Rover Group Hybrid vehicle with drive motor that synchronises gear in transmission
US6371882B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2002-04-16 Caterpillar Inc. Control system and method for a multiple range continuously variable transmission using mechanical clutches
EP1190888A3 (en) * 2000-09-20 2006-02-15 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle transmission system with transmission input clutch
ITBO20000648A1 (it) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-09 New Holland Italia Spa Apparecchiatura di comando del regime di un mezzo semovente
US6647816B1 (en) 2002-04-25 2003-11-18 Borgwarner Inc. Electrically actuated synchronizer for a vehicle transmission
JP2003336701A (ja) * 2002-05-22 2003-11-28 Hitachi Ltd 自動変速機
DE10305241A1 (de) * 2003-02-08 2004-09-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Sechs- oder siebengängiges Doppelkupplungsgetriebe
DE102004045828A1 (de) * 2004-09-22 2006-04-06 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren zur Erweiterung der Funktion einer Getriebebremse
DE102005043703A1 (de) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Daimlerchrysler Ag Nutzfahrzeug mit einem Schaltklauengetriebe und einem Elektromotor
DE102005043700A1 (de) * 2005-09-14 2007-05-31 Daimlerchrysler Ag Schaltklauengetriebe und Schaltverfahren für ein solches
DE102005045005B4 (de) * 2005-09-21 2015-02-05 Daimler Ag Doppelkupplungsgetriebe
KR101231345B1 (ko) * 2006-04-20 2013-02-07 현대자동차주식회사 소프트 하이브리드 자동차의 전기자동차모드 구현장치
FR2902167B1 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2008-08-22 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede et systeme d'engagement d'un nouveau rapport de vitesses, support d'enregistrement pour ce procede
FR2913474B1 (fr) * 2007-03-09 2009-12-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Boite de vitesses pilotee pour vehicule hybride et procede de changement de vitesse mettant en oeuvre une telle boite de vitesses
JP2010521272A (ja) * 2007-03-16 2010-06-24 エスティーアイ・メディカル・システムズ・エルエルシー 標準化された撮像データを実現するために撮像デバイスに自動品質フィードバックを与える方法
EP1972481A1 (de) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-24 FEV Motorentechnik GmbH Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hybridantriebssystems sowie Hybridsantriebssystem mit zwei Teilgetrieben
US7861613B2 (en) * 2007-04-17 2011-01-04 Eaton Corporation Selector mechanism for dual-clutch transmissions
DE102007038774A1 (de) * 2007-08-16 2009-02-19 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren zur Durchführung einer Lastschaltung bei parallelen Hybridfahrzeugen im Hybridbetrieb
DE102010002724A1 (de) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebsstrangs

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3478851A (en) * 1967-08-09 1969-11-18 Smyth Robert Ralston Automotive transmission
US3478852A (en) * 1968-01-04 1969-11-18 Us Army Radial support structure for clutch hubs
DE1930046A1 (de) * 1969-06-13 1971-02-11 Ardie Werk Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schalten von mehrstufigen Zahnradwechselgetrieben
GB1435517A (en) * 1972-09-23 1976-05-12 British Leyland Truck & Bus Gearbox
US4023443A (en) * 1972-12-15 1977-05-17 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Transmission synchronizing mechanism
FR2266061B1 (ko) * 1974-03-29 1979-02-16 Berliet Automobiles
US4081065A (en) * 1976-12-23 1978-03-28 Smyth Robert Ralston Controlled power clutch
US4361060A (en) * 1978-01-24 1982-11-30 Smyth Robert Ralston Mechanical automatic transmission
DE3417504A1 (de) * 1984-05-11 1985-11-14 J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim Stufenschaltgetriebe, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge
GB8418749D0 (en) * 1984-07-23 1984-08-30 Eaton Ltd Semi-automatic transmission control
GB8430235D0 (en) * 1984-11-30 1985-01-09 Everton J M Gearbox
GB2182734B (en) * 1985-02-16 1989-09-13 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Automatic transmission apparatus for vehicles.
US4614126A (en) * 1985-05-13 1986-09-30 Eaton Corporation Power synchronizer
EP0348622B1 (de) * 1988-04-29 1993-06-23 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Stufenwechselgetriebe
US5053962A (en) * 1989-06-19 1991-10-01 Eaton Corporation Automatic shift preselection mode for mechanical transmission system with semi-automatic shift implementation
US5053961A (en) * 1989-06-19 1991-10-01 Eaton Corporation Semi-automatic shift implementation for mechanical transmission system
US5136897A (en) * 1991-05-09 1992-08-11 Eaton Corporation Smooth upshift control method/system
US5099711A (en) * 1991-05-09 1992-03-31 Eaton Corporation Tooth butt/buzz control method/system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9408923D0 (en) 1994-06-22
DE69510993D1 (de) 1999-09-02
EP0681118B1 (en) 1999-07-28
DE69510993T2 (de) 2000-02-17
EP0681118A1 (en) 1995-11-08
US5560249A (en) 1996-10-01
CA2148401A1 (en) 1995-11-06
CA2148401C (en) 2000-02-22
KR100300297B1 (ko) 2001-11-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR950031634A (ko) 복합변속기용 동력동기화기
EP0090674B1 (en) Synchromesh transmission device suited for use as an automotive automatic transmission device
EP0232979B1 (en) Geared-neutral continuously variable transmission
US6719655B2 (en) Electrodynamic drive system
US4471668A (en) Drive assembly with a prime mover and a flywheel
EP0078124B1 (en) Vehicle transmission
EP0716947A2 (en) Hybrid power transmission
EP1146252A4 (en) CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION
KR960031847A (ko) 자동화된 기계 변속기 시프트 제어장치 및 방법
KR960001565A (ko) 전자적으로 개량된 구동열의 기어비 변속시간을 감소시키는 장치 및 방법
EP0928715A3 (en) Speed change control using engine to synchronize gears
KR970705715A (ko) 주행구동장치
US6524208B1 (en) Multi-speed gearbox, in particular a six-speed gearbox
DE69938538D1 (de) Stufenloses getriebe mit gangsynchronisiereinrichtung
US5911642A (en) Automatic transmission
US4583426A (en) Continuous torque transmission with manual transmission and converter
GB1384649A (en) Automatically and continuously variable transmission
EP1342937B1 (en) Infinitely variable transmission.
US20040166979A1 (en) Speed transmission apparatus
JPS5563042A (en) Transmission for electric automobile
WO2003071159A3 (en) Transmission with minimal orbiter
EP1104712A3 (en) Gear selection arrangement
US4942785A (en) Arrangement for an automatic shifting of an epicyclic, shiftable transmission of a motor vehicle
KR100298772B1 (ko) 차량용무단변속기
KR0183222B1 (ko) 차량용 무단 변속장치

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A201 Request for examination
E902 Notification of reason for refusal
E701 Decision to grant or registration of patent right
GRNT Written decision to grant
FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20050418

Year of fee payment: 5

LAPS Lapse due to unpaid annual fee