KR910004982A - 공정 부하 팽창기를 사용하는 천연가스의 액화 방법 - Google Patents

공정 부하 팽창기를 사용하는 천연가스의 액화 방법 Download PDF

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KR910004982A
KR910004982A KR1019900012923A KR900012923A KR910004982A KR 910004982 A KR910004982 A KR 910004982A KR 1019900012923 A KR1019900012923 A KR 1019900012923A KR 900012923 A KR900012923 A KR 900012923A KR 910004982 A KR910004982 A KR 910004982A
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stream
coolant
cooling
liquid
heat exchanger
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KR940001382B1 (ko
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마이클 해론 돈
채터지 니르말
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윌리암 에프. 마쉬
에어프로덕츠 앤드 케미칼스, 인코오포레이티드
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/0231—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/02—Multiple feed streams, e.g. originating from different sources
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
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    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

내용 없음.

Description

공정 부하 팽창기를 사용하는 천연가스의 액화 방법.
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 하나의 펌프와 2개의 콤프레서를 갖는 3개의 공정 팽창기가 집적화된 본 발명의 공정을 설명하기 위한 개략적인 흐름도이다.

Claims (12)

  1. (a) 압축된 가스상 공급 스트림을 제1콤프레서에서 압축 시키는 단계와, (b) 저온 열 교환기에서 제1 및 제2기화기용 다성분 냉각제 와의 간접적인 열 교환에 의하여 상기 압축된 공급 스트림을 냉각 및 액화시키는 단계와, (c) 상기 액화된 공급 스트림을 제1팽창기에서 팽창하고 상기 제1팽차이로부터의 팽창 일량이 제1콤퓨레서를 구동시키는 단계와, (d) 액화 가스 생성물을 상기 제1팽창기로부터 회수하는 단계로 이루어지며, 상기 단계들에 의하여 상기 제1콤퓨레서의 구동에 상기 제1팽창기의 팽창 일량을 사용하는 것은 액화의 최소 일량을 감소시키고 상기 공정의 액화 용량을 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 압축 가스 공급 스트림의 액화 방법.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제1기화용 다성분 냉각제 스트림은, (1) 가스상 다성분 냉각제 혼합물을 압축, 냉각 및 부분적으로 액화시키는 단계와, (2) 상기 부분적으로 액화된 냉각제를 기체 스트림과 액화 스트림으로 분리하는 단계와, (3) 상기 기체스트림을 제2콤프레서에서 압축시키는 단계와, (4) 상기 저온 열 교환기에서 상기 제1 및 제2기화용 냉각제 스트림과의 간접적인 열 교환기에 의하여 상기 압축된 기체 스트림을 냉각 및 액화시키는 단계와, (5) 단계 (4) 의 상기 액화 스트림을 제2팽창기에서 팽창시키고 팽창된 스트림을 상기 저온 열 교환기에 도입시켜서 상기 제2기화용 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 마련하며 상기 제2팽창기로부터의 팽창 일량이 상기 제2콤퓨레서를 구동시키는 단계를 제공되며, 상기 단계들에 의하여 상기 제2콤퓨레서의 구동에 상기 제2팽창기의 팽창 일량을 사용하는 것은 액화의 최소 일량을 감소시키며 상기 공정의 액화 용량을 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 압축 가스 공급 스트림의 액화 방법.
  3. 제2항에 있어서, 상기 제2기화용 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 추가로, (6) 단계 (2)의 상기 액체 스트림을 펌프에서 펌핑하고 펌핑된 스트림을 상기 저온 열 교환기에서 상기 제1 및 제2기화용 냉각제 스트림과의 간접적인 열교한기에 의하여 냉각시키는 단계와, (7) 단계 (6) 의 펌핑된 액체 스트림을 제3팽창기에서 팽창하고 팽창된 스트림을 상기 저온 열 교환기로 도입시며서 상기 제1기화용 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 마련하며 상기 제3팽창길부터의 팽창 일량이 상기 펌프를 구동시키는 단계와, (8) 상기 저온 열 교환기로부터 기화된 다성분 냉각제를 회수시키고 단계 (1)을 반복하는 단계로 제공되며, 상기 단계들에 의하여 상기 펌프의 구동에 상기 제3팽창기의 팽창 일량을 사용하는 것 액화의 최소 일량을 감소시키고 상기 공정의 액화 용량을 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 공급 스트림의 액화 방법.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 압축된 가스 스트림은, 사전 냉각, 건조 및 압축된 천연가스 스트림으로부터 C2와 고중량 탄화수소를 제거하고, 상기 저온 열 교환기에서 상기 기화용 냉각제와의 간접적인 열 교환에 의하여 생성된 메탄이 풍부한 스트림을 냉각 및 부분적으로 액화시키고, 생성된 2상 스트림을 분리하여 상기 압축된 가스상 공급 스트림과 액체 스트림을 형성하는 것에 의하여 얻어지며, 상기 액화 가스 생성물을 액체 메탄을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 압축 가스 공급 스트림의 액화 방법.
  5. 제4항에 있어서, 추가로 상기 저온 열 교환기에서 상기 제1 및 제2기화용 다성분 냉각제 스트림과의 간접적인 열 교화에 의하여 메탄을 함유한 압축된 가스 스트림을 액화시키고 생성된 액화 스트림을 팽창시켜서, 상기 제1팽창기로부터의 생성물과 결합되는 부가적인 액체 메탄 생성물을 제공하는 것을 특징으로 하는 압축 가스 공급 스트림의 액화 방법.
  6. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 다성분 냉각제는 질소, 메탄, 에탄, 프로판을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 압축 가스 공급 스트림의 액화방법.
  7. (a) 가스상 다성분 냉각제 혼합물을 압축, 냉각 및 부분적으로 액화시키는 단계와, (b) 상기 부분적으로 액화된 냉각제를 기체 스트림과 액체 스트림으로 분리하는 단계와, (c) 상기 기체 스트림을 압축시키는 단계와, (d) 저온 열 교환기에서 상기 제1 및 제2기화용 냉각제 스트림과의 간접적인 열 교화기에 의하여 상기 압축된 기체스트림을 냉각 및 액화시키는 단계와, (e) 단계 (d)의 상기 액화스트림을 팽창시키고 팽창된 스트림을 상기 저온 열 교환기에 도입시켜서 상기 제2기화용 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 마련하여 팽창 일량을 상기 단계 (c)의 기체 스트림의 압축에 이용하는 단계와, (f) 단계 (b)의 상기 액체 스트림을 펌핑하고 펌핑된 스트림을 상기 저온 열교환기에서 상기 제1 및 제2기화용 냉각제 스트림과의 간접적인 열 교화에 의하여 냉각시키는 단계와, (g) 단계 (f)의 상기 펌핑되고 냉각된 액체 스트림을 팽창하고 팽창된 스트림을 상기 저온 열 교환기로 도입시켜서 상기 제1기화용 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 마련하여, 팽창 일량은 단계 (f)의 상기 액체 스트림의 펌핑에 이용하는 단계와, (h) 상기 저온 열 교환기로부터 기화된 다성분 냉각제를 회수시키고 단계 (a)를 반복하는 단계로 이루어지며, 상기 저온 열 교환기에서 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 기화시켜 제공된 냉각중 일부를 간접적 열교화에 의해 상기 가스상 공급 스프림을 액화하는데에 이용하고,그에 의하여 상기 기체 스트림의 압축과 상기 액체 스트림의 펌핑에 상기 팽창 일량을 사용하는 것이 상기 공정의 주어진 전력 소비에 대하여 생산 되는 냉각량의 증가를 일으키는 것을 특징으로 하는 압축 가스상 공급 스트림의 액화 방법.
  8. (a) 최상단과 기저단을 갖는 수직 용기내에 다수의 코일 권선튜브를 포함하고 상기 용기의 외곽을 토애서 상기 튜브의 입구와 출구를 위한 장치로 이루어진 열 교환 장치와, (b) 상기 용기의 최상단에서 제1액체 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 분배하는 것에 의하여 상기 제1액체 냉각제 스트림이 상기 튜브의 바깥면에 대하여 아래 방향으로 흐르며 상기 튜브내에서 흐르는 액체에 냉각을 제공하도록 냉각시키는 분배 장치와, (c) 상기 용기의 최상단과 기저단의 중간 위치에서 제2액체 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 분배하는 것에 의하여 상기 제2액체 냉각제 스트림이 상기 튜브의 일부의 바깥면에 대하여 아래 방향으로 흐르고 상기 튜브내에서 흐르는 액체에 부가적인 냉각을 제공하도록 기화되는 분배 장치와, (d) 제1토보 팽창기에 기계적으로 결합되고, 상기 압축 가스상 공급 스트림을 더욱 압축하고, 상기 제1그룸의 코일 권선 튜브내에서의 냉각에 의한 액화후 상기 제1텁 팽창기에서 팽창시켜 액화 가스 생성물을 제공하고, 그에 의하여 상기 제1터보 팽창기로부터의 팽창 일량이 상기 제1콤프레서를 구동시키는 간접적인 열 교환에 의한 압축 가스 공급 스트림의 액화 시스템.
  9. 제8항에 있어서, 추가로 (e) 상기 용기의 기저로부터 기화되는 다성분 냉각제를 전달시키기 위한 장치와, (f) 상기 기화되는 다성분 냉각제를 부분적으로 액화시키는 압축 및 냉각 장치와, (g) 상기 부분적으로 액화된 냉각제를 기체 및 액체 스트림으로 분리하는 분리 장치와, (h) 제2터보 팽창기에 기계적으로 결합되고, 상기 기체 스트림을 압축하고, 상기 제2그룹의 코일 권선 튜브내에서의 냉각에 의한 액화후 상기 제2터보 팽창기에서 팽창시켜 상기 제1액체 다성분 냉각제 스트림을 제공하고, 그에 의하여 상기 제2터보 팽창기로부터의 팽창 일량이 상기 제2콤프레서를 구동시키는 제2원 심형 콤프레서를 포함하는 액화 시스템.
  10. 제9항에 있어서, 추가로 (i) 제3터보 팽창기에 기계적으로 결합되고, 상기 액체 스트림을 펌핑하고, 상기 제3그룹의 코일 권선 튜브내에서의 추가 냉각후 상기 제3터보 팽창기에서 팽창시켜 상기 제2액체 다성분 냉각 스트림을 제공하고, 그에 의하여 상기 제3터보 팽창기로부터의 팽창이 일량이 상기 펌프를 구동시키는 제1원심형 콤프레서를 포함하는 액화 시스템.
  11. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 열 교환 장치는 제4그룹의 상기 코일 권선 튜브와 팽창 밸브를 포함하며 다른 압축된 가스상 공급 스트림이 액화, 팽창되어 부가적인 액화 가스 생성물을 얻게되는 액화시스템
  12. 제9항에 있어서, 사전 냉각, 건조 및 압축된 천연가스 스트림으로부 C2와 고중량 탄화수소를 제거하고 그것의 기체 생성물이 상기 제1콤프레서에 상기 압축된 가스 공금 스트림을 제공하는 증류 시스템과, 상기 시스템으로부터 기체 스트림을 부분적으로 액화시켜 상기 증류 시스템을 위한 역류를 마련하는 상기 열 교환 장치내의 제5그룹의 코일 권선 튜브를 포함하는 액화 시스템.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019900012923A 1989-08-21 1990-08-20 처리과정부하식 팽창기를 사용하여 천연가스를 액화시키는 방법 KR940001382B1 (ko)

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AU6099490A (en) 1991-03-28
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EP0414107A3 (en) 1991-04-03
DE69000702D1 (de) 1993-02-11
MY106443A (en) 1995-05-30
CN1049713A (zh) 1991-03-06
NO176371B (no) 1994-12-12
NO176371C (no) 1995-03-22
EP0414107B1 (en) 1992-12-30
JPH0391593A (ja) 1991-04-17
US4970867A (en) 1990-11-20
KR940001382B1 (ko) 1994-02-21
CA2023225A1 (en) 1991-02-22
NO903589D0 (no) 1990-08-15
AU622825B2 (en) 1992-04-16
CA2023225C (en) 1994-03-08
DZ1440A1 (fr) 2004-09-13

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