KR850001147B1 - Process of fermentation of culture medea for growing mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

Agaricus mushroom is cultured by using a rice straw compost and a sheaf of rice. The nutrients, which consist of rice straw, rice polish, corn barnyard and wheat bran are added into the rice straw compost medium of mushrooms (2-10% by wt.) and are aerobically fermenated at 60-70≰C after being turned upside down 1-5 times. Thereafter, the mixt. is sterilized at 60-70≰C in a tunnel or culture room and again fermented at 45-55≰C for 1-4 days.

Description

Fermentation method of rice straw medium for growing oyster mushroom

1 is a side view of the tunnel grower of the present invention.

2 is a plan view of the tunnel cultivator who is the main part of the present invention.

3 is a duct device of a tunnel grower which is a main part of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a straw scene when the bundle of straw bales outdoor fermentation of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: roof 2: insulation

3: waterproof cement wall 4: suction port

5: thermometer commercial 6: temperature control plate

7: filter device 8: blower

9: floor 10: steam inlet

11: exhaust port 12: working room

13: floor stand 14: floor board

15: waste liquid outlet 16: duct

17: ventilator 18: indoor entrance

19: switchgear 20: blower

21: outlet 22: steam pipe

23: vinyl 24: straw bales

25: Bundle of crests 26: Thermometer

The present invention relates to a rice straw fermentation method for producing a rice paddy mushroom medium by fermenting rice straw medium which is used as a main material when cultivating oyster mushrooms in a field or a tunnel or a cultivator's facility. Conventionally, rice straws are staggered with each other and tied at 20cm intervals, soaked in water to adjust the moisture content of rice straws to around 70%, cut into lengths of about 20cm, granulated in the growers, and heated with briquettes or steam to heat up to 60 ℃ or more. After sterilization at 6-8 hours, the temperature was lowered and seeded and seeded. This conventional method takes a lot of manpower to bind and cut rice straw, and it is extremely difficult to control the moisture related to the success or failure of cultivation, and the rice seedlings are inoculated immediately after sterilizing the rice straw, so that the cultivation of mushrooms is not achieved. Cultivation was unstable due to lack of nutrients in the city, and there was a defect that severe damage of various bacteria, especially blue mold disease, occurred during the development of mycelia due to its resistance to disease.

When explaining the present invention, the production method of rice straw mushroom cultivation rice straw is largely divided into rice straw compost production method and rice straw bunching production method and further subdivided them, rice straw compost production method is a manufacturing method using a tunnel facility that the production cost is low and It is divided into a method using a cultivation method and a method of preparing rice straw bunches, that is, a method of fermentation after sterilization in a cultivation company after an outdoor fermentation.

Detailed description of the present invention, the straw straw composting medium manufacturing method is to cut the fresh straw straw to 20-30cm with a small bean or cutting machine and then absorb moisture to stack 65-75% water using a sedimentary frame and then the straw is spread When it reaches 60-70 ℃, flip it over. In the spring and autumn when the outdoor temperature is low during the deposition, 2-10% of nutrients such as rice bran are added to promote fever and increase yield, which promotes fermentation of rice straw compost.

After sedimentation, rice straw was raised to 60-70 ℃ by microorganisms, and then turned upside down. In this way, the number of outdoor upsets was repeated 3-4 times. After stacking compost uniformly at 1.6-2.0m in height, sterilize rice straw compost at 60 ℃ for 6 hours by reusing heat through forced circulation while injecting fresh air by operating the duct device of FIG. 3 using self-heat of compost. After opening the inlet (4) and injecting air, the blowers (8, 20) were continuously operated to lower the compost temperature to 45-55 ° C and then maintained at 45-55 ° C for 3-4 days to ferment the rice straw compost medium. The fermentation method after using the cultivator is the same method as the one using the tunnel facility, and after composting the fermentation of the outdoor fermentation on the cultivator's bacteria, it is artificially warmed for 6 hours at 60 ℃ and then 3-4 at 45-55 ℃. Foot after days After the effect, the medium temperature was lowered to room temperature, and the seed was planted and grown.

Meanwhile, the outdoor fermentation method of rice straw bundle bundle production method is flooded with bundles of straw straw to adjust the moisture to 65-75%, and then piled up outdoors as shown in Fig. 4 and cover the vinyl for drying prevention and warming, When the internal temperature of reached 55-70 ° C, the flipping operation was performed. The flipping operation is carried out 2-3 times at 2 days intervals to help aerobic fermentation. After cutting the fermentation that has been done outdoors, the vinyl is placed on the cultivator and granulated, and sterilized at medium temperature of 60 ℃ for 6 hours, and then turned to 45-55 ℃. -After 4 days fermentation, inoculate the seedlings by dropping the temperature to room temperature, and cultivate mycelium for 25-30 days at 23-26 ℃, remove the vinyl, the room humidity is about 90%, and the medium and room temperature are The mushrooms were generated and developed while irradiating light under the appropriate foot temperature.

When explaining the present invention by the actual process

1st step: medium production

As a method of preparing rice straw culture for oyster mushroom cultivation, rice straw composting medium is produced by cutting fresh rice straw with a cutter to a length of 20-30cm and uniformly depositing 70-75% of moisture using a sedimentary frame to uniformly ferment rice straw. And 2.5-10% of rice bran as a nutrient source.

After sedimentation, when the temperature of the medium is raised to 60-70 ℃ by microorganisms, the first inversion is performed, and then, when the temperature of the compost is increased to 60-70 ℃ after two days, the inversion is performed. In order to ensure that the compost is fermented uniformly, the internal and external ones are interchanged with each other, and the compost is supplied with oxygen to multiply aerobic high temperature microorganisms. After 3-4 turnovers in the open air, they are placed in a tunnel facility or planter for sterilization and post-fermentation.

On the other hand, the straw bundle bundle medium is when the bundle of straw straw is immersed in moisture when 65-75% of moisture is absorbed, and the bundle is taken out and piled up to 1.5m in height as shown in FIG. 4, and then covered with vinyl for drying and heating the straw. Insert the thermometer (26) and when the temperature of the straw reaches 55-70 ℃, the flipping operation is performed. At this time, the inside and outside of the straw bales at the time of flipping over the stack. The flipping work is performed 2-3 times at 2 days intervals, and when it is reheated, it is cut to 20cm length and prized to the grower.

Second Process: Sterilization and Post Fermentation

In the tunnel, the compost medium that has been fermented in the open air is placed in the tunnel so that the compost is heated evenly by circulating the compost's own heat, and sometimes the duct of FIG. 3 is a de-energy method that does not require artificial heating during sterilization and post-fermentation. While operating the blowers (8, 20) of the facility to inject fresh air while inducing aerobic fermentation, the temperature of the medium after sterilization for 6 hours at 60 ℃ or more while opening the inlet (4) slightly while injecting fresh air Open the vent (11) and operate the blowers (8, 20) until the temperature of the medium is lowered to 45-55 ℃, stop the blower at a temperature of about 50 ℃ and then set the straw straw compost temperature to 45-55 ℃ After fermentation, keep the work On the other hand, sterilization and post-fermentation method of rice straw compost and rice straw bunching medium is artificially warmed after granulation, and the bottom temperature of the grower is sterilized at 60 ℃ for 6 hours and then subjected to post-fermentation process of 45-55 ℃. Inoculate the seed at a temperature of about 20 ℃.

3rd step: spawn inoculation and mycelial adhesion

The rice straw compost medium sterilized and fermented by tunnel and planter is cooled to around 23 ℃ and then placed on the planter's microorganisms. The rice straw bundle medium sterilized or post-fermented in the cultivator is cooled to around 23 ° C., and the seedlings are surface replanted to allow the mycelia to stick at 23-25 ° C. for 25-30 days.

4th process: mushroom generation and harvest

The medium in which mycelium is sufficiently adhered to rice straw composting medium or rice straw bunching medium is kept at room humidity of 90 degrees after removing the vinyl, and the temperature of the indoor and medium is lowered to 10-20 ℃ suitable for the characteristics of the varieties. After irradiating with 120 lux (Lux) to generate a mushroom, the ventilation was gradually increased to harvest the normal mushroom.

The present invention is described in more detail by way of examples of the actual cultivation experiment as follows.

Experimental Example 1

In the manufacture of rice straw culture for cultivation of oyster mushroom, the mycelial growth was faster by fermenting rice straw and compost cultivation than when it was cut and cultivated immediately after immersion for rice straw bundle, and the number of days before seeding inoculation was fast, and there was no occurrence of germs. Fruiting body yield was also increased by 12% to prove the fermentation effect of the present invention.

TABLE 1

Comparison of Different Pleurotus Mushrooms in Rice Straw Medium

Experimental Example 2

Since the outside temperature is low during spring cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii, 5% of rice bran and poultry, which are easily available in farmhouses, are added to each plant to promote fermentation of rice straw, and 1% of all nitrogen of urea, which is an organic nitrogen source, is added. In comparison with the untreated rice straw, 5% of rice bran was added to the mycelial growth, the initial growth time was faster, and the yield increased by 45% without the occurrence of germs.

TABLE 2

Mycelial Growth of Fermented Pleurotus eryngii Mushroom by Additive Material of Composting Medium

Experimental Example 3

In order to investigate the effects of rice bran added during the production of oyster mushroom cultivation medium, the seeding was added at different time of deposition and granulation. The result of this test is that the rice bran is more active as a nutrient source than the growth of high temperature microorganisms, so that the fever is faster, and the cellulose in rice straw is decomposed first by high temperature microorganisms.

TABLE 3

Effects of Rice Bran Addition on Compost Medium and Yield of Pleurotus eryngii

Experimental Example 4

On the other hand, when making rice straw compost medium, in order to determine the proper moisture content of the medium, the cultivation of oyster mushrooms by treating the moisture with 60, 70, 80, 85%, respectively, resulted in the high temperature of the compost when the moisture content of the medium was 70%. Was high, and the fruiting body yield was the highest.

TABLE 4

Effect of Moisture Content on Fermented Rice Straw on Mycelial Growth and Yield

Experimental Example 5

In order to know how long the fermentation period should be when fermenting rice straw compost medium in the field, the number of turnovers in the field was 1, 3, 5, and 7 times. The amount dropped drastically because the flip was done more than once. As a result, oyster mushrooms were found to have lower yields in mature compost.

TABLE 5

Effect of Number of Sediment Deposits on Compost Medium on Oyster Mushroom

Experimental Example 6

The rice straw compost medium was inverted three times in the open air, and after standing in the tunnel, it was sterilized at 60 ° C in the tunnel using compost self-heat, and the temperature was lowered. In the mycelial growth and initial development was fast, the yield was also increased 17% was recognized that the effect of the present invention.

TABLE 6

Comparison of Mycelial Growth and Yield by Fermentation Period in Tunnels

양호,

: 매우양호 ^* Degree of cell activity

Good,

: Very good

Experimental Example 7

In addition, as a method of inoculating the seedlings in the composting medium, the amount of water was increased by the mixed inoculation method in which the seedlings were mixed with each other while the seedlings were sprayed inside the compost rather than the inoculation only on the surface.

TABLE 7

Effect of Seedling Method on Oyster Mushroom Yield in Compost Exhaust

Experimental Example 8

In order to promote fever and increase yield during the production of rice straw compost for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms in summer, 0, 5, and 10% of wheat bran, respectively, were treated with 0, 5, and 10%, and then three times of outdoor flipping, followed by sterilization and post-fermentation by growers. The total temperature of compost was higher by the addition of nutrients at the time of composting, and the number of fruiting bodies tended to be higher when 5% of nutrients were added than untreated rice straws. Nutrient sources were rice bran, bran and corn blood.

TABLE 8

Yields of Summer Oyster Mushrooms due to Nutritional Supplementation

Experimental Example 9

In order to clarify the length of the outdoor fermentation, the yield tended to increase by carrying out the outdoor fermentation, which was increased by 24%. The rice straw bunching medium was found to have a high yield by carrying out outdoor fermentation as in the production of rice straw composting medium.

TABLE 9

Comparison of Feet and Yield According to Outdoor Fermentation Period of Pleurotus eryngii Bundle

TABLE 10

Changes in Medium Composition of Rice Straw Medium by Heat Treatment Time

As the heat treatment time is increased during the production of rice straw bundle or rice straw compost medium used for growing oyster mushrooms, cold water extract or hot water extract is increased and glucose content is also increased. By flipping at intervals of one day, the thermophilic microorganisms multiply and aerobic fermentation occurs. As a result of the present invention, the yield could be increased while saving the artificial heating ratio.

As can be seen from the above experimental example, the present invention solves various problems in growing rice straw bundles and the advantages are listed as follows.

First: It is possible to mechanize, plan production, and greatly reduce manpower by cutting and depositing rice straw badges without binding.

Second: Since the most important moisture in cultivation of oyster mushrooms is controlled during the production of medium, it is easy to control the moisture and thus it is safe to harvest.

Third: After the medium is deposited in the open air, when the temperature of the medium is raised to 60-70 ℃ by microbial fermentation, it is inverted and subjected to aerobic fermentation, so that the nutrients of the medium are synthesized, the mycelial growth is high, and the mushroom yield is high.

Fourth: The heating cost of sterilization is low even if granulated parfait medium is heated, and it is used in the tunnel to recycle heat of fermentation by microorganisms, which greatly reduces sterilization and fermentation costs, and sterilizes the most important and difficult medium for growing oyster mushrooms. The job is the safest and easiest to perform.

Fifth: The fermented medium is fermented at 50-55 ℃ using fermentation heat by microorganisms, so the thermophilic bacteria are multiplying, nutrients are increased, antibiotics are generated, and there are almost no germs. have.

Sixth: the medium is sterilized and fermented in the tunnel, and the grower only harvests the mycelia by harvesting, so the utilization rate of the grower is increased and planned production is possible.

The present invention as described above is an industrially very useful invention that has achieved breakthrough development of oyster mushroom cultivation.

Claims (1)

Rice straw compost is used to grow oyster mushrooms using rice straw compost and bundles of rice straw as the main ingredient. Rice straw compost medium is added with 2-10 nutrients such as rice bran, skim river, corn blood, and bran, and the weight is 60-70 ℃. Aerobic fermentation by inverting 1-5 times at high temperature and then sterilizing at 60-70 ℃ in tunnels or cultivators and post-fermenting at 45-55 ℃ for 1-4 days, or stacking rice straw bundle medium outdoors after flooding The fermentation method of straw straw medium, characterized in that sterilization and post-fermentation as in the case of manufacturing composting medium in the grower after the aerobic fermentation by inverting 1-4 times at a high temperature of 70 ℃.

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