KR20220058680A - Method for treating organic waste containing heavy metals and salt - Google Patents
Method for treating organic waste containing heavy metals and salt Download PDFInfo
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- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 중금속 및 염분 포함 유기성 폐기물 처리방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for treating organic waste containing heavy metals and salts.
근래에 접어들면서 세계적으로 폐기물 문제가 사회 문제화되고, 상기 폐기물의 소각 및 매립 처리과정 중에 2차 오염이 발생하면서, 폐기물의 성상 중에 가장 문제가 될 수 있는 음식물 쓰레기나 축산분뇨 및 슬러지에 대한 관심이 증가하게 되었다.In recent years, as the global waste problem has become a social problem, and secondary pollution occurs during the incineration and landfill process of the waste, interest in food waste, livestock manure and sludge, which can be the most problematic among the properties of waste has increased
상기 음식물 쓰레기 등의 대부분은 미생물에 의해서 분해가능한 유기물을 많이 포함하고 있는 것으로 유기성 폐기물로 분류되고 있다. 상기 유기성 폐기물의 처리과정에서 문제가 되는 요인은 높은 수분함량으로서, 음식물쓰레기는 80~85% 전후, 슬러지는 75~80% 전후를 보여주고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 높은 수분함량은 소각시에 발열량을 저하시켜 보조 연료의 사용량을 증가시키게 되며, 경우에 따라서는 불완전연소를 유도하게 된다.Most of the food waste is classified as organic waste as it contains a lot of organic matter degradable by microorganisms. A problematic factor in the organic waste treatment process is that the high moisture content shows around 80-85% of food waste and around 75-80% of sludge. Such a high moisture content lowers the calorific value during incineration and increases the amount of auxiliary fuel used, and in some cases induces incomplete combustion.
또한, 매립단계에서 침출수의 증가요인이 되며, 높은 수분함량에 유기물이 급격히 분해되어 악취발생의 요인이 되기도 한다.In addition, it becomes a factor in the increase of the leachate in the landfill stage, and the high moisture content leads to rapid decomposition of organic matter, which can cause odor.
상기와 같은 여러가지 문제점 때문에 근래에 들어와 유기성 폐기물의 매립 규제 움직임이 발생했으며, 최대한 수분을 억제한 상태에서 반입을 유도하고 있으나, 아직까지 많은 문제점을 야기시키고 있는 실정이다.Due to the various problems as described above, there has been a movement to regulate the landfill of organic waste in recent years, and although the import is induced in a state where moisture is suppressed as much as possible, it still causes many problems.
상기 유기성 폐기물에 대한 관심은 우리나라만의 문제점이 아니라 선진국에서도 관심의 대상이 되고 있으며, 폐기물 처리에 있어서 유기성 폐기물을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 많은 대책을 수립하고 있다.The interest in organic waste is not only a problem in Korea, but also in developed countries, and many measures are being established to efficiently treat organic waste in waste treatment.
즉, 그 발생량이 증가 추세에 있는 유기성 폐기물이 환경오염의 주원인으로 대두되어 그의 처리를 목적으로 하는 다양한 장치의 개발이 이루어지고 있으며, 또한 다양한 방법들이 연구되고 있는 동시에 실시 내지는 시도되고 있는 것이 사실이다.In other words, it is true that organic waste, whose generation amount is increasing, is emerging as the main cause of environmental pollution, and various devices for the purpose of its treatment are being developed, and various methods are being studied and implemented or tried at the same time. .
그 중에서도 특히, 상기와 같은 유기성 폐기물들은 소정의 처리공정을 거쳐 농작물 등의 발육을 활성화시킬 수 있도록 퇴비화하는 방법이 많이 이용되고 있는데, 이는 발효조를 구비한 유기성 폐기물 처리장치에서 발효 및 건조공정 등을 통하여 이루어지게 되는 것이다.Among them, a method of composting organic wastes as described above to activate the growth of crops through a predetermined treatment process is widely used. will be done through
한편, 유기성 폐기물에는 다량의 염분이 포함되어 있어 이의 처리방법에 관한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있고, 최근 환경오염으로 인한 중금속 역시 유기성 폐기물에 다량 포함되어 있어 이의 처리방법에 관한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 처리비용을 최소화하며 대량으로 처리할 수 있는 방법은 전무한 실정이다.On the other hand, since organic waste contains a large amount of salt, research on its treatment method is being actively conducted. There is no way to minimize the processing cost and process it in bulk.
등록특허공보 제10-1029764호에는 축산분뇨, 하수슬러지를 토양미생물을 이용하여 발효시키는 장치 및 이를 이용한 발효퇴비 제조방법이 개시되어 있다. 상기 장치는 축분과 하수슬러지를 동시에 처리함으로써 폐기물 처리에 효율적이며, 축분과 하수슬러지를 이용하여 퇴비를 생산하는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 악취 및 오·폐수를 제거 및 억제함으로써 친환경적인 장점이 있지만, 유기성 폐기물에 포함된 염분 및 중금속을 처리할 수는 없는 단점이 있다.Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1029764 discloses an apparatus for fermenting livestock manure and sewage sludge using soil microorganisms and a method for manufacturing fermented compost using the same. The device is efficient in waste treatment by simultaneously treating livestock manure and sewage sludge, and has an eco-friendly advantage by removing and suppressing odors and sewage and wastewater that may be generated in the process of producing compost using livestock manure and sewage sludge. There is a disadvantage that salt and heavy metals contained in the waste cannot be treated.
이에, 본 발명자는 자체 개발하여 제조한 수탁번호 KFCC 11705P로 기탁된 미생물이 유기성 폐기물에 포함된 유기물 뿐만 아니라 염분 및 중금속 역시 분해하는 효과가 있을 뿐만 아니라 고온 내성이 있음을 확인하고 본 발명을 완성하였다.Accordingly, the present inventor confirmed that the microorganism deposited with the accession number KFCC 11705P developed and manufactured by itself has an effect of decomposing not only salt and heavy metals as well as organic matter contained in organic waste, but also has high temperature resistance, and completed the present invention. .
본 발명의 목적은 유기성 폐기물, 중금속 및 염분 중 1종 이상의 제거용 미생물 제제를 제공하는 것이다.It is an object of the present invention to provide a microbial agent for the removal of at least one of organic waste, heavy metals and salts.
본 발명의 다른 목적은 유기성 폐기물 처리방법을 제공하는 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating organic waste.
본 발명의 또 다른 목적은 상기 유기성 폐기물 처리방법에서 얻은 응축수를 포함하는 액상 비료 조성물을 제공하는 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid fertilizer composition comprising the condensed water obtained in the organic waste treatment method.
본 발명의 다른 목적은 상기 유기성 폐기물 처리방법으로 처리된 잔재물을 포함하는 비료 조성물을 제공하는 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer composition comprising the residues treated by the organic waste treatment method.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여,In order to achieve the above object,
본 발명은 수탁번호 KFCC 11704P으로 기탁된 미생물, 수탁번호 KFCC 11705P으로 기탁된 미생물 및 수탁번호 KFCC 11706P으로 기탁된 미생물을 포함하는,The present invention includes a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11704P, a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11705P and a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11706P,
유기성 폐기물, 중금속 및 염분 중 1종 이상의 제거용 미생물 제제를 제공한다.A microbial agent for the removal of at least one of organic waste, heavy metals and salts is provided.
또한, 본 발명은 유기성 폐기물과 제1항의 미생물 제제를 건조발효장치에 투입하는 단계(단계 1);In addition, the present invention comprises the steps of adding the organic waste and the microorganism preparation of claim 1 to a dry fermentation apparatus (step 1);
상기 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 교반하면서 80-150℃의 온도로 운전하는 단계(단계 2);injecting air into the dry fermentation device and operating at a temperature of 80-150° C. while stirring (step 2);
상기 단계 2에서 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하는 단계(단계 3); 및separating the condensed water by collecting and filtering the gas and water vapor generated in step 2 with a condenser (step 3); and
상기 단계 1 내지 단계 3의 처리가 끝난 잔재물을 배출하는 단계(단계 4);를 포함하고,Including; discharging the remnants after the treatment of steps 1 to 3 (step 4);
상기 단계 2에서 유기성 폐기물에 포함된 유기물은 상기 미생물에 의한 산화발효반응에 의해 분해되는 것을 특징으로 하는,The organic matter contained in the organic waste in step 2 is characterized in that it is decomposed by the oxidative fermentation reaction by the microorganism,
유기성 폐기물 처리방법을 제공한다.A method for treating organic waste is provided.
나아가, 본 발명은 상기 유기성 폐기물 처리방법의 단계 3에서 얻은 응축수를 포함하는 액상 비료 조성물을 제공한다.Furthermore, the present invention provides a liquid fertilizer composition comprising the condensed water obtained in step 3 of the organic waste treatment method.
또한, 본 발명은 상기 유기성 폐기물 처리방법으로 처리된 잔재물을 포함하는 비료 조성물을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides a fertilizer composition comprising the residues treated by the organic waste treatment method.
본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제는 유기성 폐기물에 포함된 유기물, 중금속 및 염분을 분해하는 효과가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 80-150℃의 고온 내성이 있어 고온의 운전 조건에서도 생존하여 산화발효 활성을 유지할 수 있어 수분 제거를 위한 고온 처리에 유리한 효과가 있고, 본 발명에 따른 유기성 폐기물 처리방법을 통해 배출되는 응축수 및 잔재물은 모두 유기물, 중금속 및 염분의 수치가 하폐수 처리장에서 처리될 수 있는 일반 폐기물 기준을 만족할 뿐만 아니라, 비료로 사용할 수 있는 기준 역시 만족하는 효과가 있어, 중금속 및 염분을 포함하는 유기성 폐기물 처리에 유용할 수 있다.The microorganism preparation according to the present invention not only has the effect of decomposing organic matter, heavy metals and salts contained in organic waste, but also has high temperature resistance of 80-150 ° C. There is an advantageous effect on high-temperature treatment for removal, and all of the condensate and residues discharged through the organic waste treatment method according to the present invention satisfy the general waste standard that can be treated in a sewage treatment plant with the levels of organic matter, heavy metals and salts , it also has the effect of satisfying the criteria that can be used as fertilizers, so it can be useful in treating organic wastes containing heavy metals and salts.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 유기성 폐기물 처리방법 공정 개요도이다.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 유기성 폐기물 처리방법에 실제로 사용되는 장치의 조감도 및 사진이다.1 is a schematic diagram of a process for treating organic waste according to the present invention.
2 is a bird's eye view and a photograph of an apparatus actually used in the organic waste treatment method according to the present invention.
이하, 본 발명을 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
미생물 제제Microbial preparations
본 발명은 수탁번호 KFCC 11704P으로 기탁된 미생물, 수탁번호 KFCC 11705P으로 기탁된 미생물 및 수탁번호 KFCC 11706P으로 기탁된 미생물을 포함하는,The present invention includes a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11704P, a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11705P and a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11706P,
유기성 폐기물, 중금속 및 염분 중 1종 이상의 제거용 미생물 제제를 제공한다.A microbial agent for the removal of at least one of organic waste, heavy metals and salts is provided.
본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제는 유기물을 분해할 뿐만 아니라, 놀랍게도 중금속 및 염분 역시 분해하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다(실험예 1 및 2 참조).It was confirmed that the microorganism preparation according to the present invention not only decomposes organic matter, but also surprisingly has an effect of decomposing heavy metals and salts (see Experimental Examples 1 and 2).
또한, 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제는 약 80-150℃의 고온 운전조건에서도 생존하는 고온 내성이 있어, 수분 처리를 위한 고온 설정에 제약이 없이 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 종래 미생물을 이용한 유기성 폐기물 처리에 사용되는 미생물들은 고온 내성이 없어 낮은 온도(약 60℃ 이하)에서 운전하여야 하기 때문에, 수분 제거에 많은 시간이 요구되는 단점이 있지만, 본 발명에 따른 미생물은 고온 내성이 있어 고온에서 운전하여 수분을 빨리 제거할 수 있는 유리한 효과가 있다 할 수 있다.In addition, the microorganism preparation according to the present invention has a high temperature resistance surviving even in a high temperature operating condition of about 80-150 ° C. Since microorganisms used for organic waste treatment using conventional microorganisms do not have high temperature resistance and must be operated at a low temperature (about 60° C. or less), there is a disadvantage that a lot of time is required to remove moisture, but the microorganism according to the present invention is resistant to high temperature It can be said that there is an advantageous effect of quickly removing moisture by operating at a high temperature.
상기 유기성 폐기물은 음식물 쓰레기, 하수 슬러지, 폐수 슬러지, 쓰레기 매립장 침출수, 유기성 폐액 등을 아무런 제약 없이 사용할 수 있다. 상기 유기성 폐기물에는 유기물, 중금속, 염분 등이 포함되어 있을 수 있다.As the organic waste, food waste, sewage sludge, wastewater sludge, landfill leachate, organic waste liquid, etc. may be used without any restrictions. The organic waste may contain organic matter, heavy metals, salt, and the like.
상기 유기성 폐기물 제거는 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물, 식이섬유 등의 유기물의 산화발효반응을 미생물이 촉진하여 제거되고, 상기 염분 제거는 NaCl의 산화발효반응을 미생물이 촉진하여 이산화염소(ClO2)로 분해함에 따라 염분이 제거되며, 상기 중금속 제거는 중금속의 산화발효반응을 미생물이 촉진하여 산화중금속으로 분해함에 따라 중금속이 제거되는 것을 특징으로 한다. The organic waste removal is removed by facilitating the oxidative fermentation reaction of organic substances such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber by microorganisms, and the salt removal is decomposed into chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) As the salt is removed, the heavy metal removal is characterized in that the heavy metal is removed as the microorganism promotes the oxidative fermentation reaction of the heavy metal and decomposes it into the heavy metal oxide.
유기물에 포함된 단백질이 산소와 함께 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제에 의해 산화발효 분해되는 반응은 하기와 같다.A reaction in which a protein contained in an organic material is decomposed by oxidative fermentation together with oxygen by the microbial agent according to the present invention is as follows.
유기물에 포함된 지방산은 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제에 의해 디글리세라이드, 모노글리세라이드를 거쳐 글리세롤까지 분해되고, 글리세롤은 산소와 함께 산화발효 분해되는 반응은 하기와 같다.The fatty acid contained in the organic material is decomposed to glycerol through diglyceride and monoglyceride by the microbial agent according to the present invention, and the reaction in which glycerol is oxidatively decomposed together with oxygen is as follows.
염분이 산소와 함께 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제에 의해 산화발효 분해되는 반응은 하기와 같다.The reaction in which salt is oxidatively decomposed by the microbial agent according to the present invention together with oxygen is as follows.
중금속, 일례로 구리가 산소와 함께 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제에 의해 산화발효 분해되는 반응은 하기와 같다.A reaction in which a heavy metal, for example copper, is oxidatively decomposed together with oxygen by the microbial agent according to the present invention is as follows.
본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제는 액상, 분말, 펠렛 등의 형태로 제조하여 사용할 수 있다.The microorganism preparation according to the present invention can be prepared and used in the form of liquid, powder, pellets, and the like.
본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제는 수탁번호 KFCC 11704P으로 기탁된 미생물, 수탁번호 KFCC 11705P으로 기탁된 미생물 및 수탁번호 KFCC 11706P으로 기탁된 미생물은 각각 1:1-10:1-10 중량비, 바람직하게는 1:3-7:2-6 중량비, 특히 바람직하게는 1:5:4 중량비로 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.The microorganism preparation according to the present invention is a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11704P, a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11705P, and a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11706P, respectively 1:1-10:1-10 weight ratio, preferably 1 :3-7:2-6 weight ratio, particularly preferably 1:5:4 weight ratio can be used by mixing.
유기성 폐기물 처리방법Organic waste treatment method
본 발명은 유기성 폐기물과 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제를 건조발효장치에 투입하는 단계(단계 1);The present invention comprises the steps of adding organic waste and the microorganism preparation according to the present invention to a dry fermentation apparatus (step 1);
상기 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 교반하면서 80-150℃의 온도로 운전하는 단계(단계 2);injecting air into the dry fermentation device and operating at a temperature of 80-150° C. while stirring (step 2);
상기 단계 2에서 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하는 단계(단계 3); 및separating the condensed water by collecting and filtering the gas and water vapor generated in step 2 with a condenser (step 3); and
상기 단계 1 내지 단계 3의 처리가 끝난 잔재물을 배출하는 단계(단계 4);를 포함하고,Including; discharging the remnants after the treatment of steps 1 to 3 (step 4);
상기 단계 2에서 유기성 폐기물에 포함된 유기물은 상기 미생물에 의한 산화발효반응에 의해 분해되는 것을 특징으로 하는,The organic matter contained in the organic waste in step 2 is characterized in that it is decomposed by the oxidative fermentation reaction by the microorganism,
유기성 폐기물 처리방법을 제공한다.A method for treating organic waste is provided.
본 발명에 따른 처리방법은 1회당 약 10-20시간 운전하여, 유기성 폐기물 처리를 완료할 수 있다.The treatment method according to the present invention can be operated for about 10-20 hours per one time to complete the organic waste treatment.
본 발명에 따른 유기성 폐기물 처리방법 공정 개요도를 도 1에 나타내었다.The process schematic diagram of the organic waste treatment method according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
본 발명에 따른 유기성 폐기물 처리방법은 80-150℃의 고온에서 운전함에 따라서 수분 제거에 필요한 시간을 현저히 단축할 수 있는 효과가 있는데, 이는 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제의 고온 내성이 있기에 가능하고, 종래 알려진 고온 내성이 없는 미생물 제제를 사용할 경우에는 고온에서 운전할 수 없다.The organic waste treatment method according to the present invention has the effect of remarkably shortening the time required for moisture removal by operating at a high temperature of 80-150 ° C. This is possible because of the high temperature resistance of the microbial preparation according to the present invention, It is not possible to operate at high temperatures when using microorganisms that do not have a known high temperature resistance.
상기 유기성 폐기물은 중금속 및/또는 염분을 더 포함할 수 있고, 본 발명에 따른 유기성 폐기물 처리방법은 중금속 및 염분을 분해하는 효과가 있는데, 이는 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제가 중금속 및 염분을 분해하는 효과가 있기에 가능하다.The organic waste may further include heavy metals and/or salts, and the organic waste treatment method according to the present invention has an effect of decomposing heavy metals and salts, which is an effect that the microbial preparation according to the present invention decomposes heavy metals and salts It is possible because there is
본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제에 의한 유기물, 중금속, 염분의 제거 원리는 상술한 바와 같다.The principle of removal of organic matter, heavy metals, and salts by the microorganism preparation according to the present invention is as described above.
본 발명에 따른 처리방법에 있어서, 상기 단계 1은 유기성 폐기물과 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제를 건조발효장치(도 2 참조)에 투입하는 단계이다. 구체적으로, 유기성 폐기물 100 중량부 대비 미생물 제제 0.1-1 중량부 투입할 수 있다.In the treatment method according to the present invention, step 1 is a step of adding the organic waste and the microorganism preparation according to the present invention to a dry fermentation apparatus (see FIG. 2 ). Specifically, 0.1-1 parts by weight of the microbial agent may be added relative to 100 parts by weight of organic waste.
본 발명에 따른 처리방법에 있어서, 상기 단계 2는 상기 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 교반하면서 80-150℃의 온도로 운전하는 단계이다. 80-150℃의 고온에서 운전함에 따라 수분 제거에 소요되는 시간을 종래 미생물 이용 처리방법 대비 현저히 단축할 수 있다. 이는 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제가 갖는 고온 내성 때문에 가능하다. 한편, 단계 2에서는 미생물에 의한 호기성 산화발효반응이 발생하므로 미생물 제제의 함수율을 15-45% 수준을 유지하도록 운전하는 것이 바람직하다. 여기서, 교반속도는 약 2-10 rpm 속도로 운전할 수 있다.In the treatment method according to the present invention, step 2 is a step of injecting air into the dry fermentation device and operating at a temperature of 80-150° C. while stirring. By operating at a high temperature of 80-150° C., the time required for water removal can be significantly shortened compared to the conventional treatment method using microorganisms. This is possible because of the high temperature resistance possessed by the microbial preparations according to the invention. On the other hand, in step 2, since the aerobic oxidative fermentation reaction by microorganisms occurs, it is preferable to operate to maintain the moisture content of the microorganism preparation at a level of 15-45%. Here, the stirring speed may be operated at a speed of about 2-10 rpm.
본 발명에 따른 처리방법에 있어서, 상기 단계 3은 상기 단계 2에서 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하는 단계이다. 구체적으로, 상기 가스는 유기물 및 염분의 산화발효반응으로 인해 발생하는 가스로, 분리되는 응축수에 포함될 수 있어 이를 액상 비료로 사용할 수 있는 것이다. 액상 비료로 사용하지 않는다면 하폐수 처리장에 별도의 수처리 없이 폐기할 수 있는데, 상기 응축수의 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD)은 200ppm 이하, 화학적 산소요구량(COD)은 150ppm 이하, 총질소(TN)는 150ppm 이하, 염분 농도는 50 ppm 이하로서 일반 하수 기준치를 만족한다.In the treatment method according to the present invention, step 3 is a step of separating the condensed water by collecting and filtering the gas and water vapor generated in step 2 with a condenser. Specifically, the gas is a gas generated due to the oxidative fermentation reaction of organic matter and salt, and may be included in the separated condensate, which can be used as a liquid fertilizer. If it is not used as liquid fertilizer, it can be disposed of in a wastewater treatment plant without separate water treatment. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the condensate is 200 ppm or less, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 150 ppm or less, and the total nitrogen (TN) is 150 ppm or less , The salt concentration is 50 ppm or less, which satisfies the general sewage standard.
본 발명에 따른 처리방법에 있어서, 상기 단계 4는 상기 단계 1 내지 단계 3의 처리가 끝난 잔재물을 배출하는 단계이다. 단계 1에서 투입한 유기성 폐기물 총중량 대비 잔재물의 중량은 약 5-10% 수준으로 감량화될 수 있다. 상기 잔재물은 유기질 퇴비로서 사용하기 위한 법적 기준치를 만족한다.In the treatment method according to the present invention, step 4 is a step of discharging the remnants after the treatment of steps 1 to 3. The weight of the residue relative to the total weight of the organic waste input in step 1 may be reduced to a level of about 5-10%. The residue meets legal standards for use as organic compost.
액상 비료 조성물liquid fertilizer composition
본 발명은 상기 유기성 폐기물 처리방법의 단계 3에서 얻은 응축수를 포함하는 액상 비료 조성물을 제공한다.The present invention provides a liquid fertilizer composition comprising the condensed water obtained in step 3 of the organic waste treatment method.
상기 응축수의 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD)은 200ppm 이하, 화학적 산소요구량(COD)은 150ppm 이하, 총질소(TN)는 150ppm 이하, 염분 농도는 50 ppm 이하로서 일반 하수 기준치를 만족하여, 일반 하수로 하폐수 처리장에 별도의 수처리 없이 바로 방류할 수도 있으나, 응축수에는 유기물질이 풍부하여 액상 비료로서 사용이 가능하다.The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the condensed water is 200 ppm or less, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 150 ppm or less, the total nitrogen (TN) is 150 ppm or less, and the salt concentration is 50 ppm or less. Although it can be discharged directly to a wastewater treatment plant without separate water treatment, the condensate is rich in organic substances and can be used as liquid fertilizer.
비료 조성물Fertilizer composition
본 발명은 상기 유기성 폐기물 처리방법으로 처리된 잔재물을 포함하는 비료 조성물을 제공한다.The present invention provides a fertilizer composition comprising the residues treated by the organic waste treatment method.
상기 잔재물에는 염분, 중금속 등의 기준치가 모두 일반 폐기물 기준치 이하를 만족할 뿐만 아니라, 유기질 비료 기준치 역시 만족한다.In the residue, the standard values of salt, heavy metals, etc. not only satisfy the general waste standard or less, but also satisfy the organic fertilizer standard.
이하, 본 발명을 하기의 실시예에 의하여 더욱 상세하게 설명한다. 단, 하기의 실시예는 본 발명을 예시하는 것일 뿐, 본 발명의 내용이 하기의 실시예에 의해 한정되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the following examples only illustrate the present invention, and the content of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
<제조예 1> 미생물 제제의 제조<Preparation Example 1> Preparation of microbial preparations
단계 1: 참나무, 소나무, 물푸레나무, 오동나무 및 왕겨 각각 100중량부에 호열성 미생물을 각각 0.5중량부를 접종하였다. 상기 참나무, 소나무, 물푸레나무 및 오동나무는 30㎝로 절단하여 사용하였다. 호열성 미생물이 접종된 참나무, 소나무, 물푸레나무, 오동나무 및 왕겨를 불을 끈 상태의 불가마에 7일 동안 두었다. 상기 불을 끈 상태의 불가마의 온도는 110℃이다. Step 1: 0.5 parts by weight of each thermophilic microorganism was inoculated into 100 parts by weight of oak, pine, ash, paulownia, and rice husk, respectively. The oak, pine, ash and paulownia trees were cut to 30 cm and used. Oak, pine, ash, paulownia and rice husks inoculated with thermophilic microorganisms were placed in an off-fired furnace for 7 days. The temperature of the furnace in the state with the fire turned off is 110 ℃.
단계 2: 상기 불가마로부터 상기 호열성 미생물이 접종되고 불가마에 방치된 참나무, 소나무, 물푸레나무, 오동나무 및 왕겨를 꺼내고, 상기 불가마에 공기구멍을 뚫어 불가마 안의 가스가 빠지게 한 후 호열성 미생물이 접종된 진흙을 24시간 동안 넣어 두었다. 진흙에 접종한 호열성 미생물은 상기 나무에 접종한 호열성 미생물과 동일한 종류의 호열성 미생물을 사용하였다.상기 진흙 100중량부에 호열성 미생물 15중량부를 접종하였다. 상기 진흙은 여름철 논에 있는 진흙을 사용하였다.Step 2: Take out oak, pine, ash, paulownia and rice husk left in the furnace inoculated with the thermophilic microorganism from the furnace, and make an air hole in the furnace to release the gas in the furnace, and then inoculate with the thermophilic microorganism The aged mud was kept for 24 hours. The thermophilic microorganism inoculated into the mud was the same kind of thermophilic microorganism as the thermophilic microorganism inoculated into the tree. 15 parts by weight of the thermophilic microorganism was inoculated into 100 parts by weight of the mud. The mud was used in the summer paddy field.
단계 3: 상기 호열성 미생물이 접종되고 불가마에 방치된 참나무, 소나무, 물푸레나무, 오동나무 및 왕겨 각각에 상기 호열성 미생물이 접종되고 불가마에 방치된 진흙을 중량비 2:1의 비율로 배합하였다.Step 3: Each of oak, pine, ash, paulownia and rice husks inoculated with the thermophilic microorganism and left in the furnace was inoculated with the thermophilic microorganism and the clay left in the furnace was mixed in a weight ratio of 2:1.
단계 4: 상기 호열성 미생물이 접종되고 불가마에 방치된 진흙과 배합된 상기 호열성 미생물이 접종되고 불가마에 방치된 참나무, 소나무, 물푸레나무, 오동나무 및 왕겨 위에 제1 볏짚을 덮어 주고 50℃에서 30일 동안 발효시켰다. Step 4: Inoculated with the thermophilic microorganism and inoculated with the thermophilic microorganism mixed with the mud left in the kiln, cover the first rice straw over the oak, pine, ash, paulownia and rice husks left in the kiln and at 50 ° C. Fermented for 30 days.
단계 5: 상기 발효된 참나무, 소나무, 물푸레나무, 오동나무 및 왕겨를 중량비 2:1:1:1:2로 혼합하여 발효물을 제조하였다. Step 5: The fermented oak, pine, ash, paulownia and rice husks were mixed in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1:2 to prepare a fermented product.
단계 6: 황토와 제2 볏짚을 중량비 1:10으로 혼합 후 7일 동안 폭기조에서 산소를 공급하면서 20℃에서 숙성하여 숙성물을 제조하였다.Step 6: After mixing loess and second rice straw in a weight ratio of 1:10, the mixture was aged at 20° C. while supplying oxygen in an aeration tank for 7 days to prepare an aged product.
단계 7: 상기 숙성물 100 중량부에 상기 발효물 15중량부를 혼합하고 3℃의 저온으로 폭기조에서 60일 동안 숙성하여 원조 미생물을 제조하였다.Step 7: 15 parts by weight of the fermented product was mixed with 100 parts by weight of the aged product and aged in an aeration tank at a low temperature of 3° C. for 60 days to prepare an original microorganism.
단계 8: 상기 원조 미생물 100 중량부에 옻순 0.3중량부, 녹차잎 0.3중량부 및 대나무줄기 0.3중량부를 혼합하고 3℃에서 60일 동안 저온 숙성하여 제1 미생물 제제를 제조하였다. 상기 원조 미생물 100 중량부에 당귀잎 0.3중량부, 두충줄기 0.3중량부 및 은행열매 0.3중량부를 혼합하고 3℃에서 60일 동안 저온 숙성하여 제2 미생물 제제를 제조하였다. 상기 원조 미생물 100 중량부에 쑥잎 0.3중량부, 뽕잎 0.3중량부 및 상사화줄기 0.3중량부를 혼합하고 3℃에서 60일 동안 저온 숙성하여 제3 미생물 제제를 제조하였다. 상기 제1 미생물 제제, 제2 미생물 제제, 제3 미생물 제제를 중량비 1:1:1로 혼합한 제4 미생물 제제 100중량부에 대하여 제3 볏짚 3중량부를 혼합하고 폭기조에서 27℃의 온도에서 30일 동안 숙성한 후, 폭기를 끄고 10일 동안 정치한 후 상등수를 취해, 수탁번호 KFCC 11704P (Pseudomonas japonica EG-P01), 수탁번호 KFCC 11705P (Bacillus vietnamensis EG-B01), 수탁번호 KFCC 11706P (Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum EG-C01)로 각각 기탁된 미생물을 얻었다. 상기 제3 볏짚은 눈 밑에 30일 동안 쌓아 놓은 볏짚뿌리를 10㎝로 잘라서 사용하였다.Step 8: 0.3 parts by weight of lacquer sprouts, 0.3 parts by weight of green tea leaves, and 0.3 parts by weight of bamboo stems were mixed with 100 parts by weight of the original microorganism and aged at a low temperature at 3° C. for 60 days to prepare a first microbial preparation. A second microorganism preparation was prepared by mixing 0.3 parts by weight of angelicae leaf, 0.3 parts by weight of Duchung stem, and 0.3 parts by weight of ginkgo berry in 100 parts by weight of the original microorganism and aging at 3° C. for 60 days at a low temperature. A third microorganism preparation was prepared by mixing 0.3 parts by weight of mugwort leaves, 0.3 parts by weight of mulberry leaves, and 0.3 parts by weight of sagebrush stems in 100 parts by weight of the original microorganism and aging at a low temperature at 3° C. for 60 days. 3 parts by weight of the third rice straw is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the fourth microbial preparation in which the first microbial preparation, the second microbial preparation, and the third microbial preparation are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and 30 at a temperature of 27° C. in an aeration tank After aging for one day, aeration was turned off and the supernatant was taken after standing for 10 days, accession number KFCC 11704P ( Pseudomonas japonica EG-P01), accession number KFCC 11705P ( Bacillus vietnamensis EG-B01), accession number KFCC 11706P ( Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum EG-C01) respectively deposited microorganisms were obtained. The third rice straw was used by cutting the rice straw roots piled up under the eyes for 30 days into 10 cm.
수탁번호 KFCC 11704P (Pseudomonas japonica EG-P01), 수탁번호 KFCC 11705P (Bacillus vietnamensis EG-B01), 및 수탁번호 KFCC 11706P (Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum EG-C01)는 1:5:4 중량비로 혼합하여 미생물 제제를 제조하였다.Accession number KFCC 11704P ( Pseudomonas japonica EG-P01), accession number KFCC 11705P ( Bacillus vietnamensis EG-B01), and accession number KFCC 11706P ( Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum EG-C01) are 1:5:4 by weight to prepare a microbial preparation did
상기 혼합한 미생물은 분말, 액상 및 다공성 PE 펠렛에 담지시킨 형태로 각각 제조하여 사용하였다.The mixed microorganisms were prepared and used in powder, liquid and porous PE pellets, respectively.
<실시예 1> 당진 부곡 매립장 침출수의 처리<Example 1> Treatment of leachate from Bugok landfill in Dangjin
당진 부곡 매립장에서 발생한 침출수 100 중량부와 제조예 1에서 제조한 미생물 제제 0.5 중량부를 건조발효장치에 투입한 다음, 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 120±5℃의 온도로 운전하며 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하였다.100 parts by weight of the leachate generated at the Bugok landfill in Dangjin and 0.5 parts by weight of the microorganism preparation prepared in Preparation Example 1 are put into the dry fermentation apparatus, and then air is injected into the dry fermentation apparatus and the gas generated while operating at a temperature of 120±5℃ And water vapor was collected by a condenser and filtered to separate condensed water.
여기서, 미생물 제제의 함수율은 약 20-40% 수준을 유지하며 약 30일 동안 운전하여 처리를 종료하고, 잔재물은 5일 간격으로 총 투입량의 20%씩 배출하였다.Here, the moisture content of the microbial preparation was maintained at a level of about 20-40%, and the treatment was terminated by driving for about 30 days, and the residue was discharged by 20% of the total input amount every 5 days.
<실시예 2> 음식 폐기물의 처리<Example 2> Treatment of food waste
성남시 분당구에서 발생한 음식 폐기물 100 중량부와 제조예 1에서 제조한 미생물 제제 0.2 중량부를 건조발효장치에 투입한 다음, 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 100±5℃의 온도로 운전하며 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하였다.100 parts by weight of food waste generated in Bundang-gu, Seongnam and 0.2 parts by weight of the microorganism preparation prepared in Preparation Example 1 are put into the dry fermentation apparatus, and then air is injected into the dry fermentation apparatus and the gas generated while operating at a temperature of 100±5℃ And water vapor was collected by a condenser and filtered to separate condensed water.
여기서, 미생물 제제의 함수율은 약 30-40% 수준을 유지하며 약 30일 동안 운전하여 처리를 종료하고, 잔재물은 5일 간격으로 총 투입량의 20%씩 배출하였다.Here, the moisture content of the microbial preparation was maintained at a level of about 30-40%, and the treatment was terminated by driving for about 30 days, and the residue was discharged by 20% of the total input amount every 5 days.
<실시예 3> 농축 폐액의 처리<Example 3> Treatment of concentrated waste liquid
농축 폐액(혼합 농축 폐수 농축수) 100 중량부와 제조예 1에서 제조한 미생물 제제 0.2 중량부를 건조발효장치에 투입한 다음, 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 100±5℃의 온도로 운전하며 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하였다.100 parts by weight of the concentrated waste liquid (mixed concentrated wastewater, concentrated water) and 0.2 parts by weight of the microorganism preparation prepared in Preparation Example 1 are put into the dry fermentation apparatus, and then air is injected into the dry fermentation apparatus and operated at a temperature of 100±5 ° C. The generated gas and water vapor were collected by a condenser and filtered to separate condensed water.
여기서, 미생물 제제의 함수율은 약 20-40% 수준을 유지하며 약 30일 동안 운전하여 처리를 종료하고, 잔재물은 5일 간격으로 총 투입량의 20%씩 배출하였다.Here, the moisture content of the microbial preparation is maintained at a level of about 20-40% and for about 30 days The treatment was terminated by operation, and the residue was discharged at intervals of 5 days by 20% of the total input amount.
<실시예 4> 하수 슬러지의 처리<Example 4> Treatment of sewage sludge
하수 슬러지 100 중량부와 제조예 1에서 제조한 미생물 제제 0.2-0.5 중량부를 건조발효장치에 투입한 다음, 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 120±5℃의 온도로 운전하며 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하였다.100 parts by weight of sewage sludge and 0.2-0.5 parts by weight of the microorganism preparation prepared in Preparation Example 1 are put into the dry fermentation apparatus, and then air is injected into the dry fermentation apparatus and the gas and water vapor generated while operating at a temperature of 120±5°C was collected with a condenser and filtered to separate condensed water.
여기서, 미생물 제제의 함수율은 약 20-40% 수준을 유지하며 약 60일 동안 운전하여 처리를 종료하고, 잔재물은 5일 간격으로 총 투입량의 20%씩 배출하였다.Here, the moisture content of the microbial preparation was maintained at a level of about 20-40%, and the treatment was terminated by driving for about 60 days, and the residue was discharged by 20% of the total input amount every 5 days.
<실험예 1> 염분 제거능 평가<Experimental Example 1> Salt removal performance evaluation
실시예 1 내지 4에서 각각 처리하여 얻은 응축수 및 잔재물의 분석을 통해 염분 제거능을 평가하였다.The salt removal ability was evaluated through the analysis of the condensate and residues obtained by each treatment in Examples 1 to 4.
구체적으로, 처리전 상태의 폐기물의 염소 이온(Cl-) 농도(mg/mL)를 측정한 다음, 처리 과정에서 배출되는 응축수와 처리가 완료된 후 배출되는 잔재물 각각의 염소 이온 농도를 측정하여 비교하였다.Specifically, the chlorine ion (Cl − ) concentration (mg/mL) of the waste before treatment was measured, and then the concentration of chlorine ions in each of the condensed water discharged from the treatment process and the residue discharged after treatment was completed was measured and compared. .
표 1에 나타난 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제는 염소 이온을 제거하는 효과가 매우 우수함을 확인할 수 있다. 구체적으로, 염소 이온과 산소를 미생물이 산화발효반응을 촉진하여 ClO2 가스로 제거가 이루어진다.As shown in Table 1, it can be confirmed that the microbial preparation according to the present invention is very effective in removing chlorine ions. Specifically, chlorine ions and oxygen are removed with ClO 2 gas as the microorganism promotes an oxidative fermentation reaction.
<실험예 2> 중금속 제거능 평가<Experimental Example 2> Evaluation of heavy metal removal ability
실시예 1 내지 4에서 각각 처리하여 얻은 응축수 및 잔재물의 분석을 통해 중금속 제거능을 평가하였다.Heavy metal removal ability was evaluated through the analysis of condensate and residues obtained by treatment in Examples 1 to 4, respectively.
구체적으로, 처리전 상태의 폐기물의 염소 이온(Cl-) 농도(mg/mL)를 측정한 다음, 처리 과정에서 배출되는 응축수와 처리가 완료된 후 배출되는 잔재물 각각의 중금속 이온 농도를 측정하여 비교하였다.Specifically, the chlorine ion (Cl − ) concentration (mg/mL) of the waste before treatment was measured, and then the concentration of heavy metal ions in each of the condensed water discharged during the treatment and the residue discharged after treatment was completed was measured and compared. .
폐기물
기준치appointed
waste
baseline
표 1에 나타난 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 미생물 제제는 중금속을 제거하는 효과가 매우 우수함을 확인할 수 있다. 구체적으로, 중금속과 산소를 미생물이 산화발효반응을 촉진하여 산화중금속으로 제거가 이루어진다.As shown in Table 1, it can be confirmed that the microbial preparation according to the present invention is very effective in removing heavy metals. Specifically, heavy metals and oxygen are removed as heavy metal oxides by promoting oxidative fermentation by microorganisms.
<실험예 3> 비료 적합성 평가<Experimental Example 3> Fertilizer suitability evaluation
실시예 2의 음식 폐기물을 처리한 후 얻은 잔재물을 비료로 사용가능한지 알아보기 위하여, 농촌진흥청 비료시험연구기관, 에이티분석센타(주)에 의뢰하여 얻은 분석결과를 표 3에 나타내었다.In order to find out whether the residue obtained after processing the food waste of Example 2 can be used as a fertilizer, the analysis results obtained by requesting the fertilizer test research institute of the Rural Development Administration, AT Analysis Center Co., Ltd. are shown in Table 3.
[표 3][Table 3]
표 3에 나타난 바와 같이, 퇴비기준 16개 전항목에 적합함을 확인할 수 있다.As shown in Table 3, it can be confirmed that all 16 items of composting standards are suitable.
이제까지 본 발명에 대하여 그 바람직한 실시예들을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 본 발명이 본 발명의 본질적인 특성에서 벗어나지 않는 범위에서 변형된 형태로 구현될 수 있음을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 개시된 실시예들은 한정적인 관점이 아니라 설명적인 관점에서 고려되어야 한다. 본 발명의 범위는 전술한 설명이 아니라 특히 청구범위에 나타나 있으며, 그와 동등한 범위 내에 있는 모든 차이점은 본 발명에 포함된 것으로 해석되어야 할 것이다.So far, the present invention has been looked at with respect to preferred embodiments thereof. Those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will understand that the present invention can be implemented in a modified form without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments are to be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the present invention is particularly indicated in the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope equivalent thereto should be construed as being included in the present invention.
Claims (11)
유기성 폐기물, 중금속 및 염분 중 1종 이상의 제거용 미생물 제제.
Including a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11704P, a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11705P and a microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11706P,
Microbial preparations for the removal of one or more of organic wastes, heavy metals and salts.
상기 유기성 폐기물은 음식물 쓰레기, 하수 슬러지, 폐수 슬러지, 쓰레기 매립장 침출수, 유기성 폐액 중 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 미생물 제제.
According to claim 1,
The organic waste is food waste, sewage sludge, wastewater sludge, landfill leachate, microbial agent, characterized in that at least one of organic waste liquid.
상기 유기성 폐기물 제거는 유기물의 산화발효반응을 미생물이 촉진하여 제거되고,
상기 염분 제거는 NaCl의 산화발효반응을 미생물이 촉진하여 이산화염소(ClO2)로 분해함에 따라 염분이 제거되며,
상기 중금속 제거는 중금속의 산화발효반응을 미생물이 촉진하여 산화중금속으로 분해함에 따라 중금속이 제거되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 미생물 제제.
According to claim 1,
The organic waste removal is removed by promoting the oxidative fermentation reaction of organic matter,
In the salt removal, as the microorganisms promote the oxidative fermentation reaction of NaCl and decompose into chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), the salt is removed,
The heavy metal removal is characterized in that the heavy metal is removed as the microorganism promotes the oxidative fermentation reaction of the heavy metal and decomposes it into a heavy metal oxide, microbial preparation.
상기 미생물은 80-160℃의 고온 내성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 미생물 제제.
According to claim 1,
The microorganism is characterized in that it has a high temperature resistance of 80-160 ℃, microbial preparation.
상기 미생물 제제는 액상, 분말 또는 펠렛 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는, 미생물 제제.
According to claim 1,
The microbial preparation is characterized in that in the form of liquid, powder or pellets, microbial preparation.
수탁번호 KFCC 11704P으로 기탁된 미생물, 수탁번호 KFCC 11705P으로 기탁된 미생물 및 수탁번호 KFCC 11706P으로 기탁된 미생물은 각각 1:1-10:1-10 중량비로 혼합된 것을 특징으로 하는, 미생물 제제.
According to claim 1,
The microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11704P, the microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11705P and the microorganism deposited with accession number KFCC 11706P are each mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1-10:1-10, microbial preparations.
상기 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 교반하면서 80-150℃의 온도로 운전하는 단계(단계 2);
상기 단계 2에서 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하는 단계(단계 3); 및
상기 단계 1 내지 단계 3의 처리가 끝난 잔재물을 배출하는 단계(단계 4);를 포함하고,
상기 단계 2에서 유기성 폐기물에 포함된 유기물은 상기 미생물에 의한 산화발효반응에 의해 분해되는 것을 특징으로 하는,
유기성 폐기물 처리방법.
Putting the organic waste and the microorganism preparation of claim 1 into a dry fermentation apparatus (step 1);
injecting air into the dry fermentation device and operating at a temperature of 80-150° C. while stirring (step 2);
separating the condensed water by collecting and filtering the gas and water vapor generated in step 2 with a condenser (step 3); and
Including; discharging the remnants after the treatment of steps 1 to 3 (step 4);
The organic material contained in the organic waste in step 2 is characterized in that it is decomposed by the oxidative fermentation reaction by the microorganism,
Organic waste treatment method.
상기 유기성 폐기물은 중금속 및 염분 중 1종 이상을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 유기성 폐기물 처리방법.
8. The method of claim 7,
The organic waste treatment method, characterized in that it further comprises at least one of heavy metals and salts.
상기 중금속 또는 염분은 상기 미생물에 의한 산화발효반응에 의해 분해되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 유기성 폐기물 처리방법.
9. The method of claim 8,
The heavy metal or salt is characterized in that decomposed by the oxidative fermentation reaction by the microorganism, organic waste treatment method.
상기 건조발효장치 내부로 공기를 주입하며 교반하면서 80-150℃의 온도로 운전하는 단계(단계 2); 및
상기 단계 2에서 발생하는 가스 및 수증기를 응축기로 포집하고 필터링하여 응축수를 분리하는 단계(단계 3);
를 포함하여 얻은 응축수를 포함하는 액상 비료 조성물.
Putting the organic waste and the microorganism preparation of claim 1 into a dry fermentation apparatus (step 1);
injecting air into the dry fermentation device and operating at a temperature of 80-150° C. while stirring (step 2); and
separating the condensed water by collecting and filtering the gas and water vapor generated in step 2 with a condenser (step 3);
A liquid fertilizer composition comprising the condensed water obtained by including.
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