JPS6242678B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention provides at least lipase, cellulase,
An enzyme preparation containing protease is added to human urine at a rate of 0.01% or more, and then screened to remove impurities from the human waste through solid-liquid separation, and then subjected to aeration conditions of approximately 25 Nm ³ /BODKg/day or more. The processed human waste is subjected to aerobic high-temperature fermentation under high temperature conditions of approximately 50 to 80 degrees Celsius, and the processed human waste loses the fertilizer components such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the human waste. This method relates to a method for treating human waste that contains no traces of worms and has a weakly basic PH, and that reduces at least the BOD value of the human waste and prevents parasites such as roundworm eggs and hookworm eggs from forming in the human waste. It kills insect eggs, maggots, Shigella, etc., and is especially useful for treating the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of raw human urine as a fertilizer, and has a weakly basic PH. This relates to the treatment of human waste. Conventionally, human waste has been treated using various methods and devices, and in recent years, biochemical means consisting of anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment have been mainly used. Specifically, first, human waste is subjected to anaerobic conditions, and anaerobic microorganisms decompose the organic matter in the human waste into low-molecular substances, assimilate those organic and inorganic substances, and then reduce the concentration of organic matter. In order to increase the concentration of water, dilute it with 10 to 20 times the volume of water, and aerate or spray this diluted solution to cause aerobic microorganisms to act on the diluted solution in the aeration tank if aerated under aerobic conditions. In addition, in the case of spraying, the diluted solution is sprayed and acts on aerobic microorganisms that adhere to the surface of the material, assimilates and decomposes the organic matter in the diluted solution, and disposes of it to dispose of human waste. It is something that In addition, in these treatments, hot water passes through the anaerobic treatment, the digestion gas is burned in the digestion tank, and human waste is preheated to shorten the number of days for the anaerobic digestion treatment at a high temperature of about 40 to 55 degrees Celsius. It uses improved means to However, as mentioned above, the processing of these human wastes requires at least two steps of anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment, so the processing time is long, and the treated human waste was originally used as fertilizer. Although it contains useful nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., these useful components become low in concentration due to dilution, and are also present in the surplus sludge produced during aerobic treatment. This excess sludge is separated and disposed of by incineration, so the components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the treated human waste are extremely low. Human waste must simply be disposed of by effluent. It was difficult to reuse. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,864,249, sewage is treated with mesophilic bacteria in advance, and then treated with thermophilic bacteria at a temperature of at least 42°C using high concentration oxygen or pure oxygen. A method of treating human waste with an oxygen content of 1500 mg or more is mentioned. This human waste treatment method uses thermophilic bacteria to treat at a temperature of at least 42°C, but the thermophilic bacteria used do not only assimilate and decompose organic matter, but also require the use of highly concentrated or pure oxygen, which is extremely expensive. More than 1,500 mg of human waste is used to oxidize organic matter, and the amount of foam and sludge that is generated during this process is separated and collected separately, which is an expensive treatment method. There is also a high risk that the phosphorus content will be oxidized, and the phosphorus content will be transferred to the foam layer containing human waste components and the surplus sludge that is generated. was completely unavailable. Furthermore, human waste is decomposed using various hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase (amylose degrading enzyme), lipase (fat degrading enzyme), protease (proteolytic enzyme), and cellulase (cellulose degrading enzyme),
Water-soluble low molecular weight intermediates hydrolyzed by this enzyme are separated and recovered from human waste, unicellular microorganisms are added to this aqueous solution and cultured, and useful substances in the aqueous solution are utilized as microbial cell proteins; The resulting microorganisms are separated and collected as animal protein and used as feed, and the separated liquid has no value as fertilizer because much of the nitrogen originally contained during microbial culture has been removed. A treatment method is known in which water is used as irrigation water (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 128473/1983). The ingredients are well assimilated by microorganisms, and the microorganisms use nitrogen components that can be used to promote crop growth, increasing the protein content of microbial cells, making it effective as animal feed.
If it is to be used as fertilizer, the microorganisms must decompose it into a state that can be used by plants.Also, although these microorganisms retain nitrogen components derived from human waste, they cannot contain the nitrogen contained in human waste. It contains almost no components useful for plants, such as potassium, and its usability as a fertilizer is extremely reduced. In addition, the nitrogen in such microbial cells is protein nitrogen, and in order for this nitrogen to be effective as a fertilizer, the proteins within the microbial cells must first be separated from the cells, and this protein nitrogen must be converted into amino nitrogen. It becomes a urea form, then an ammonia form, and then a nitrate form, which is absorbed by plants, making it inefficient as a fertilizer. Furthermore, in the past, the sludge produced by the accumulation of microorganisms was separated and discarded, and the treated human waste was simply discharged. Therefore, in order to use human waste as fertilizer, human waste has traditionally been composted, but this process involves mixing the human waste with various types of garbage to eliminate the microorganisms in the human waste. It has a function and is disposed of together with garbage,
This is not a good means of treating human waste, and compost treated in this way has an extremely high BOD value.
It could only be used as compost. The present inventors have developed a method for processing useful human waste that can effectively reduce the BOD value in a short period of time without damaging the useful components of human waste. As a result of various studies, we have found that after removing impurities from human waste through screen treatment, we can develop human waste input tanks, screening equipment, and aerobic high-temperature fermentation tanks without using conventional treatment methods such as anaerobic treatment or dilution treatment. In the process,
First, an enzyme preparation containing at least lipase, cellulase, and protease is added to the human waste at a concentration of 0.01% or more based on the human waste, and then screened, and then under aeration conditions of about 25 Nm ³ /BODKg/day or more, about 50% By fermenting under aerobic, high-temperature conditions of ~80℃, the fertilizer ingredients such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the human waste are not impaired, and the BOD value is significantly reduced. We learned that processed human waste that exhibits weak basicity can be obtained. Furthermore, this treated human waste has killed parasite eggs such as roundworm eggs and hookworm eggs, as well as maggots and Shigella, and is completely free from conventional carbon disulfide and sodium nitrite. I learned that there was no need to use chemical agents such as mustard oil or antibiotics to kill these organisms. Furthermore, it has been found that the generation of hydrogen sulfide in this treatment step is significantly suppressed, making it an excellent treatment that effectively prevents bad odors. In addition, we learned that when an immersive aeration device using water is used in the treatment, the temperature rises to about 34℃, but by using an immersive aeration device using human waste, the temperature can be lowered. I learned that it is possible to effectively use the energy by raising the temperature to about 50℃ or higher, and the high temperature condition is about 50 to 80℃.
I learned that it was in good condition. The present invention was completed based on the above findings, and the enzyme preparation containing at least lipase, cellulase, and protease is added to human urine at a concentration of 0.01%.
After adding the above and then screening to remove impurities in this human waste, solid-liquid separation treatment was carried out, and then approximately 25N
Ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in human waste are processed by aerobic fermentation under aerobic conditions of m ³ /BODKg/day or more and high temperature conditions of approximately 50 to 80℃. A method for treating human waste that is characterized by containing the same amount of fertilizer components without loss and having a weakly basic PH, and the purpose of which is to make human waste useful as fertilizer without causing any harm. It provides a method for processing. In carrying out the present invention, raw human waste is suitable as the target human waste. This raw human urine is treated with an enzyme preparation, Clinzyme (trade name: Toyo Clean Chemical Co., Ltd.), to extract cellulase, protease, etc.
Human waste treated with the enzymatic action of enzymes such as lipase or cultures of these enzymes is used. In general, this treated human waste should be added at 0.01% or more to the raw human waste, and by doing so, the viscosity of the raw human waste can be suitably reduced, and it can be used as a fertilizer ingredient in the subsequent solid-liquid separation treatment and the final treated human waste. It gives good results. In addition, adding and mixing clinzyme in an amount of about 0.05% or more makes no difference in the reduction of the viscosity of raw human urine, so economically it is best to keep it within 0.05%. This enzyme treatment using an enzyme preparation such as Clinzyme does not require a long time, and generally takes 10 to 25 hours.
It only takes about an hour. Next, the human waste or human waste that has been enzyme-treated in advance in this input tank is immediately sent to a solid-liquid separator to remove impurities from the human waste and dehydrate it, which usually takes about one day after the human waste is input. It will be held at a time of . The solid-liquid separator used is one normally used for human waste, and for example, a screen device having a slit width of about 0.3 to 1 mm is commonly used. Further, impurities are removed using this screen device, and after dehydration, the human waste is sent to an aerobic high temperature fermentation tank. The conditions for aerobic high-temperature fermentation in this aerobic high-temperature fermentation tank are preferably such that an aeration device with an aeration condition of approximately 25Nm ³ /BODKg/day or more is immersed in the tank. By immersing the aerator in the aerator, the kinetic energy and thermal energy during operation of the aeration device can be effectively used.It is particularly preferable to use a submersible aerator. A heating means may also be used to raise the temperature to a high temperature of about 50-80°C.Furthermore, in the present invention, since the conventional dilution step before aerobic treatment is not performed, this human waste has an extremely high concentration. It contains a high concentration of organic matter, etc., and its exothermic effect during fermentation is extremely large, and the fermentation heat generated can be used to raise the temperature. The processing conditions in this aerobic high temperature fermentation layer depend on the high temperature conditions of approximately 50 to 80℃, but the aerobic conditions are usually approximately 25 to 50N.
m ³ /BODKg/day, and if the conditions are below this, sufficient aerobic processing will not be carried out, and as a result, the utilization of fermentation heat will be extremely degraded, which will further cause a decline in aerobic processing. As a result, the BOD value of the treated night soil is so high that it cannot be considered that it has been processed in any way, and under conditions beyond this, the ingredients for fertilizer in the organic matter in the night soil are destroyed by the growth of the microorganisms involved in it. However, the high temperature conditions for processing for that purpose are under aeration conditions of approximately 25Nm ³ /BODKg/day or more. It is usually carried out at 50-80℃,
By maintaining this high temperature condition, the microorganisms in this tank, such as Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp., Selmoactinomyces spp., Satucharomonospora spp., Selmomonospora spp., Micromonospora spp. High-temperature fermentation bacteria such as these work well, and the processing time is usually
It may take about 20 to 30 days, preferably about 25 to 28 days. Further, this aerobic high temperature fermenter can be better carried out by using two consecutive tanks: a first aerobic high temperature fermenter and a second aerobic high temperature fermenter. For example, human waste treated in this way has a BOD value of 1000 to 20,000 ppm, compared to 13,000 to 20,000 ppm for raw human waste.
The BOD value has been significantly reduced to 1500ppm, and the total nitrogen content, ammonia nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content, etc. have hardly changed compared to raw human urine.What are the fertilizer components of raw human urine? The obtained treated human waste exhibits weak basicity and contains fertilizer components without any damage. Furthermore, the treated human waste obtained in this way retains its fertilizer ingredients sufficiently and contains B.
It has a reduced OD value, and due to the high temperature conditions, no parasites or maggots such as roundworm eggs or hookworm eggs are found in this treated human waste, and Shigella etc. It kills the soil in about 8 minutes, so the treated human waste can be sent to the next storage tank and used as it is as a liquid fertilizer. Furthermore, after the treated human waste is processed in an aerobic high-temperature fermentation tank, the BOD value is further reduced by about 1/5 to 200 by using a cloth filtration device.
This can be reduced to about 300 ppm, which can then be diluted and released as treated effluent with a concentration of 20 to 30 ppm. First, the amount of an enzyme preparation (clinzyme: an enzyme preparation containing at least lipase, cellulase, and protease) added to human urine in the present invention will be described. That is, the enzyme preparation was added to fresh human urine in amounts of no additive, 0.001%, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, and the viscosity of the human urine was measured 3 hours later. The results were as follows.

[Table] As shown above, additive-free and 0.001% enzyme preparations
In the case of addition, the viscosity of the human waste is extremely high, which has a drawback in subsequent solid-liquid separation, and highly viscous materials have poor agitation during processing, causing splashes and causing foul odors. There is also a lot of scum. On the other hand, when the enzyme preparation is added in an amount of 0.01% or more, the viscosity of the preparation decreases favorably, and therefore, the stirrability is also good, and no droplets are generated and no bad odor is generated. Next, the relationship between the amount of the enzyme preparation added and the total amount of nitrogen and phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) as fertilizer components of the final treated human waste was determined. In the measurement, the human waste was separated from the human waste using a screen device, and the human waste was dehydrated by squeezing, and the amount of total nitrogen and P ₂ O ₅ in the solid material was analyzed. The result is as follows.

[Table] As a result, by adding 0.01% or more of an enzyme preparation to human waste, the amount of nitrogen and P ₂ O ₅ adsorbed and remaining in the human waste is significantly reduced, and it is effectively processed and transferred to the liquid part of urine. It was something I did. Furthermore, as is clear from these results, in the case of the addition amount of 0.1% of the enzyme preparation, no improvement in night soil was observed, so from an economic standpoint, addition of 0.01 to 0.05% is preferable. It is. Furthermore, aeration conditions and temperature increase conditions will be described. Human waste to which an enzyme preparation has been added (0.03% based on fresh human urine) is treated with a screen device, and then aerated with a submersible aerator to treat the human waste aerobically and remove the organic substances contained in the human waste. The temperature rise in human waste liquid due to energy such as oxidative decomposition of substances was determined. The results were as follows.

[Table] As described above, in the main process of human waste treatment, the present invention uses aerobic high-temperature fermentation processing instead of conventional anaerobic treatment and dilution treatment to extract the original fertilizer components of human waste. Without detracting from the B.
This is a useful human waste treatment method that significantly reduces the OD value, can be completed in a short period of time during the entire treatment process, and also significantly reduces the generation of bad odors. Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 40t human waste input tank 2 with cutter pump 1
is connected to the solid-liquid separator 3, and this is connected to the aeration pump 4.
is connected to a first 80-ton aerobic high-temperature fermentation tank 5 with an aeration pump 6 submerged in the bottom of the tank, and a second 80-capacity aerobic high-temperature fermentation tank 7 with an aeration pump 6 submerged in the bottom of the tank. This was then connected to a 300 t capacity storage tank 8. The method for disposing of this human waste is as shown in FIG. First, 40 Kl of collected human waste (once a week) was added to the input tank, and then Clinzyme (manufactured by Toyo Clean Chemical Co., Ltd.): an enzyme preparation containing at least 0.03% of lipase, cellulase, and protease was added and thoroughly mixed. The next day after the human waste is input, the human waste is passed through a solid-liquid separator, which is a screen with a slit width of 0.3 to 1 mm, to remove impurities in the human waste and dehydrate it (approximately 60% moisture). The human waste that has been removed and dehydrated is heated to 40 to 45 Nm ³ /BO using a submersible aerator (manufactured by Tsurumi Pump).
The first aerobic high temperature fermentation and the second aerobic high temperature fermentation were carried out for 28 days at about 60° C. under aeration conditions of D.Kg/day. To process this human waste, 40Kl of human waste is input once a week (that is, the human waste processing capacity is approximately 5.7 kg).
(Kl/day) The temperature change over time during fermentation in this process is as shown by ●〓● in Figure 2.
When the human waste is added, the temperature drops by about 15°C, but the temperature remains stable at around 60°C later on. In addition, in FIG. 2, the curve indicated by ×〓× represents the temperature change when water is used instead of human waste. Furthermore, Figure 3 shows the B.
It shows the change in OD over time, and as a result, the minimum
It is clear that the material was sufficiently processed even after about 23 days. Further, FIG. 4 shows the change in organic acid over time during the treatment, and FIG. 5 shows the change over time in COD during the treatment. Therefore, looking at these various changes over time, it is recognized that about 25 to 28 days is a good number of days for treating human waste in the present invention. Further, the analysis results at each step in the above-mentioned human waste treatment are shown in Table 1.

【table】

[Table] Furthermore, the analysis results of the fertilizer components of the treated human waste and raw human waste in this second aerobic high temperature fermentation tank are shown in Table 2.

[Table] As is clear from Tables 1 and 2 above,
The treated human waste of the present invention does not lose any of the components of the human waste in its fertilizer components, and furthermore, the pH of the human waste is modified to be weakly basic and has a pH of about 9, which is better for use as an agricultural fertilizer. BOD removal as human waste treatment,
It is effective in removing suspended solids. In addition, no parasites, maggots, or other pathogenic microorganisms such as Shigella were detected in the treated human waste. Therefore, the treated human waste in the second aerobic high-temperature fermentation tank was sent to a storage tank to be used as liquid fertilizer. Furthermore, this treated human waste was filtered through a filter device with cloth for the purpose of discharge, and the properties of the liquid were PH9.06, CODmg/2200, and B.
ODmg/230, ammoniacal albuminoid nitrogen mg/2420, evaporation residue mg/11300, ignition residue mg/7430, loss on ignition mg/3870, right machine acid
mg/160 and chloride ion mg/3650, and this liquid could be discharged by simply diluting it.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows the human waste treatment method of the present invention, and Figure 2
Figure 3 shows the change in temperature over time in the treatment, Figure 3 shows the change in BOD over time in the treatment, and Figure 4 shows the change in BOD over time in the treatment.
The figure shows the change in organic acid over time during treatment, and the fifth
The figure shows the time course of COD during treatment.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Add an enzyme preparation containing at least lipase, cellulase, and protease to raw human urine at 0.01%.
After adding the above and then screening to remove impurities in this human waste, solid-liquid separation treatment was carried out, and then approximately 25N
Human waste processed by aerobic fermentation under aerobic conditions of m ³ /BODKg/day or more and high temperature conditions of approximately 50 to 80°C is processed to reduce the ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus content in human urine. 1. A method for treating human waste, characterized by containing fertilizer components such as water and potassium without loss, and having a pH that is weakly basic.