CN113387759A - Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20% of straw carbon and 80-90% of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90-95% of fermented poultry manure, 2.5-5% of molasses and 2.5-5% of microorganism beneficial bacteria, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation. According to the biological organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof, the proportion of organic matters, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil is effectively increased through the use of the straw biomass fertilizer, the prepared biological carbon organic fertilizer is alkaline and can be used for adjusting subacid soil, the adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants is strong, the biological carbon organic fertilizer has wide application in soil pollutant remediation, soil improvement and crop yield improvement, and meanwhile, the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer is simple and easy to implement and is convenient to popularize.

Description

Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, in particular to a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The organic fertilizer is mainly from plants and/or animals, is a carbon-containing material which is applied to soil to provide plant nutrition and has the main function, is prepared by processing biological substances, animal and plant wastes and plant residues, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the organic fertilizer, is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, and is a main nutrient for green food production.

Along with the development of agriculture, organic fertilizer has received more and more attention of people, and present organic fertilizer is only through simple mixture, though have obvious advantage to soil pollutant restoration, improvement soil for ordinary chemical fertilizer, but its soil pollutant restoration, improvement soil performance are still not enough, are obviously weaker than chemical fertilizer in the improvement to crop output simultaneously.

The invention content is as follows:

technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the problems.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 10-20% of straw carbon and 80-90% of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90 to 95 percent of fermented poultry manure, 2.5 to 5 percent of molasses and 2.5 to 5 percent of microorganism beneficial bacteria.

Preferably, the fermented poultry manure comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 75-90% of chicken manure, 3-8% of trace element auxiliary materials, 2-6% of bean bran and 5-11% of fermentation auxiliary materials.

Preferably, the microelement auxiliary materials are prepared from nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to the weight ratio of 3-4: 3-5: 1-4 by weight ratio.

Preferably, the microorganism beneficial bacteria are bacillus, bacillus coagulans, trichoderma viride and EM original bacteria composition, and the ratio of the microorganism beneficial bacteria to the EM original bacteria composition can be 1-2: 2-3: 1-3: 2-3 weight ratio.

Preferably, the fermentation auxiliary materials are formed by mixing dead leaves and crushed straws.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing straw charcoal: taking rice straws as raw materials, firstly crushing the rice straws, putting the crushed rice straws into a pyrolysis furnace after crushing, controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at 300-700 ℃, and slowly decomposing the straws for 4-6h under the anoxic condition to obtain straw carbon;

s2, preparing the fermented poultry manure fertilizer: adding the chicken manure, the trace element auxiliary materials, the bean bran and the fermentation auxiliary materials into a mixing container, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermented poultry manure;

s3, preparation of base fertilizer: adding molasses, microbial beneficial bacteria and the fermented poultry manure prepared in the step S2 into a mixing container, uniformly mixing, and finally preparing a base fertilizer;

s4, taking the straw biomass charcoal obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis in the step S1 as a carrier, and conveying the base fertilizer obtained in the step S3 into a stirrer according to a proportion to be fully mixed and stirred to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects: the biological organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof utilize straws as raw materials, a pyrolysis furnace is used for preparing straw biochar by a pyrolysis method, the straws are decomposed at a low speed under the anoxic condition to obtain straw biomass carbon, part of organic matters of the straws are volatilized by high-temperature treatment, the volume is reduced, the density is increased, the surface characteristics and the void structure are changed, the straw biomass carbon has a more developed void structure and a larger specific surface area, the adsorption capacity is improved, the proportion of organic matters, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil is effectively increased by using the straw biomass fertilizer, the prepared biological organic fertilizer is alkaline and can regulate subacid soil (the biomass carbon is alkaline, can neutralize the acidity of the soil, has more voids of the biomass carbon, has strong adsorption capacity and can adsorb heavy metals), has strong adsorption capacity on heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, and has wide application in soil pollutant remediation, soil improvement and crop yield improvement, the method can be well applied to the dry-land water-changing project, and the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer is simple and easy to implement and convenient to popularize.

Detailed Description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides three technical schemes: a preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:

example 1

S1, preparing straw charcoal: taking rice straws as raw materials, firstly crushing the rice straws, putting the crushed rice straws into a pyrolysis furnace after crushing, controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at 300 ℃, and slowly decomposing the straws for 4 hours under the anoxic condition to obtain straw carbon;

s2, preparing the fermented poultry manure fertilizer: adding 75% of chicken manure, 8% of trace element auxiliary material, 6% of bean bran and 11% of fermentation auxiliary material into a mixing container according to the weight percentage, and uniformly mixing to prepare the fermented poultry manure, wherein the trace element auxiliary material is prepared from nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to the proportion of 3: 3: 1 by weight ratio;

s3, preparation of base fertilizer: adding 2.5% of molasses, 2.5% of microbial beneficial bacteria and 95% of fermented poultry manure into a mixing container according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing to obtain a base fertilizer, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria are bacillus, bacillus coagulans, trichoderma viride and EM (effective microorganism) raw bacteria composition, and the mixing can be carried out according to the ratio of 1: 2: 1: 2 by weight ratio;

s4, conveying 10% of straw carbon as a carrier and 90% of base fertilizer in percentage by weight into a stirrer to be fully mixed and stirred to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

Example 2

S1, preparing straw charcoal: taking rice straws as raw materials, firstly crushing the rice straws, putting the crushed rice straws into a pyrolysis furnace after crushing, controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at 500 ℃, and slowly decomposing the straws for 5 hours under the anoxic condition to obtain straw carbon;

s2, preparing the fermented poultry manure fertilizer: adding 83% of chicken manure, 5% of trace element auxiliary materials, 4% of bean bran and 8% of fermentation auxiliary materials into a mixing container according to the weight percentage, and uniformly mixing to prepare the fermented poultry manure, wherein the trace element auxiliary materials are prepared from nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to the proportion of 3: 4: 2 by weight ratio;

s3, preparation of base fertilizer: adding 3.75% of molasses, 3.75% of microbial beneficial bacteria and 92.5% of fermented poultry manure into a mixing container according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing to obtain a base fertilizer, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria are bacillus, bacillus coagulans, trichoderma viride and EM (effective microorganism) raw bacteria composition, and the mixing ratio can be 1: 3: 2: 2.5 by weight ratio;

s4, conveying 15% of straw carbon as a carrier and 85% of base fertilizer in percentage by weight into a stirrer to be fully mixed and stirred to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

Example 3

S1, preparing straw charcoal: taking rice straws as raw materials, firstly crushing the rice straws, putting the crushed rice straws into a pyrolysis furnace after crushing, controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at 700 ℃, and slowly decomposing the straws for 6 hours under the anoxic condition to obtain straw carbon;

s2, preparing the fermented poultry manure fertilizer: adding 90% of chicken manure, 3% of trace element auxiliary materials, 2% of bean bran and 5% of fermentation auxiliary materials into a mixing container according to the weight percentage, and uniformly mixing to prepare the fermented poultry manure, wherein the trace element auxiliary materials are prepared from nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to the ratio of 4: 5: 4 by weight ratio;

s3, preparation of base fertilizer: adding 5% of molasses, 5% of microbial beneficial bacteria and 90% of fermented poultry manure into a mixing container according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing to obtain a base fertilizer, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria are bacillus, bacillus coagulans, trichoderma viride and EM (effective microorganism) raw bacteria composition, and the mixing ratio can be 2: 3: 3: 3 by weight ratio;

and S4, conveying 20% of straw carbon as a carrier and 80% of base fertilizer in percentage by weight into a stirrer in proportion, and fully mixing and stirring to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.

Comparative test

One test soil is selected, the organic fertilizer and the common organic fertilizer prepared in examples 1-3 are respectively adopted, one ton of finished product is applied to one mu (667 square meters) of test soil plot, and the following data are obtained:

according to the data in the table, the organic fertilizer in the embodiment 1 has outstanding improvement on the carbon content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of soil, and the effect is obvious when the organic fertilizer is gradually increased from the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 3.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 10-20% of straw carbon and 80-90% of base fertilizer;

the base fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90 to 95 percent of fermented poultry manure, 2.5 to 5 percent of molasses and 2.5 to 5 percent of microorganism beneficial bacteria.

2. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fermented poultry manure comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 75-90% of chicken manure, 3-8% of trace element auxiliary materials, 2-6% of bean bran and 5-11% of fermentation auxiliary materials.

3. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the microelement auxiliary materials comprise nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide according to the weight ratio of 3-4: 3-5: 1-4 by weight ratio.

4. The bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microorganism beneficial bacteria are bacillus, bacillus coagulans, trichoderma viride and EM original bacteria composition, and the ratio of the microorganism beneficial bacteria to the EM original bacteria composition can be 1-2: 2-3: 1-3: 2-3 weight ratio.

5. The bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claim 2, characterized in that: the fermentation auxiliary material is formed by mixing dead leaves and crushed straws.

6. A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing straw charcoal: taking rice straws as raw materials, firstly crushing the rice straws, putting the crushed rice straws into a pyrolysis furnace after crushing, controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at 300-700 ℃, and slowly decomposing the straws for 4-6h under the anoxic condition to obtain straw carbon;

s2, preparing the fermented poultry manure fertilizer: adding the chicken manure, the trace element auxiliary materials, the bean bran and the fermentation auxiliary materials into a mixing container, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermented poultry manure;

s3, preparation of base fertilizer: adding molasses, microbial beneficial bacteria and the fermented poultry manure prepared in the step S2 into a mixing container, uniformly mixing, and finally preparing a base fertilizer;

s4, taking the straw biomass charcoal obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis in the step S1 as a carrier, and conveying the base fertilizer obtained in the step S3 into a stirrer according to a proportion to be fully mixed and stirred to obtain the carbon-based organic fertilizer.