KR20210057278A - Fire extinguishing method for the energy storage system of an electric vehicle and the apparatus of it - Google Patents

Fire extinguishing method for the energy storage system of an electric vehicle and the apparatus of it Download PDF

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KR20210057278A
KR20210057278A KR1020190143706A KR20190143706A KR20210057278A KR 20210057278 A KR20210057278 A KR 20210057278A KR 1020190143706 A KR1020190143706 A KR 1020190143706A KR 20190143706 A KR20190143706 A KR 20190143706A KR 20210057278 A KR20210057278 A KR 20210057278A
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fire
cell
energy storage
storage system
volume
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Korean (ko)
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이상식
조지용
김세광
성주경
주성원
이근옥
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주식회사 아산정밀
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/10—Driver interactions by alarm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30—Sensors
    • B60Y2400/302—Temperature sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing method for an energy storage system for an electric vehicle and an apparatus thereof and, more specifically, to a fire extinguishing method capable of suppressing a thermal runaway fire, which occurs in an energy storage system of an electric vehicle (EV) such as an electric vehicle, a hydrogen electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or the like using electricity as a main power source due to pressure, overheat, vibrations, a shock, a short circuit, overcharge, discharge or the like, in early stages, and an apparatus thereof. According to one aspect of the present invention, the fire extinguishing method for an energy storage system for an electric vehicle includes a volume sensing step, a cooling step, a fire sensing step and a fire extinguishing step. In the volume sensing step, the volume expansion of a cell in an energy storage system for an electric vehicle is sensed. In the cooling step, fire extinguishing chemicals are sprayed to the cell in order to cool the cell sensed as expanded in volume to no less than a predetermined size in the volume sensing step. In the fire sensing step, whether a fire occurs in the cell is sensed. In the fire extinguishing step, when a fire is sensed in the fire sensing step, fire extinguishing chemicals are sprayed to the energy storage system in order to extinguish the fire. According to the present invention, as the cubical expansion of a battery is sensed through a sensor, a fail of a cell can be checked. Therefore, as a failed cell is primarily cooled, a chemical reaction of the cell is stabilized to prevent the occurrence of a fire.

Description

전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법 및 그 장치{Fire extinguishing method for the energy storage system of an electric vehicle and the apparatus of it}Fire extinguishing method for the energy storage system of an electric vehicle and the apparatus of it TECHNICAL FIELD

본 발명은 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법 및 그 장치에 대한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 전기차, 수소전기차, 하이브리드 차량 등 전기를 주 동력원으로 하는 전기 차량(EV, Electronic Vehicle)의 에너지 저장시스템에서 압력, 과열, 진동, 충격, 쇼트, 과충전, 방전 등으로 인하여 발생되는 열폭주 화재발생을 초기에 진압할 수 있는 소화방법 및 그 장치에 대한 것이다.The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing method and apparatus for an energy storage system for an electric vehicle, and more particularly, pressure in an energy storage system of an electric vehicle (EV, Electronic Vehicle) that uses electricity as a main power source, such as an electric vehicle, a hydrogen electric vehicle, and a hybrid vehicle. , A fire extinguishing method and a device for extinguishing thermal runaway fires caused by overheating, vibration, shock, short circuit, overcharge, discharge, etc. in the early stage.

전기 차량(EV)에 적용되는 에너지 저장 시스템은 공간과 무게에 대한 제약이 크므로 고용량의 셀(Cell)들을 밀도 높게 배치하는 것이 특징이다. 그리고 외부로부터의 물리적 충격을 최소화하기 위하여 밀폐된 형태로 설치되기 때문에 일반 ESS와는 달리 화재 발생시 소화약제의 침투가 어려워 진압이 상대적으로 어렵다. 따라서 EV에 화재 발생시 전소될 때 외부로 나타나는 불길을 소화용수로 진압할 수 밖에 없는 실정이다. 이러한 EV의 열폭주(Thermal runaway) 화재 특성상 화재가 완전히 활성화된 이후 전소 되기까지 화재 진압은 불가능에 가깝다. 그래서 배터리 Fail 여부에 대한 정확하고 신속한 판단 및 대처가 필요하며 화재 발생 초기에 진압이 빨리 이루어져야 한다. 배터리 Fail이라 함은 양극과 음극 기제를 분리하고 있는 격막이 제 기능을 읽고 기재가 서로 접촉하게 됨으로써 연쇄적 화학반응에 의한 발열과 off-gas(가연성 가스)가 발생하게 되는 것을 말한다. 이때 가스발생에 의한 체팽창과 자가발열 현상이 나타나게 되는데 배터리 Fail을 직관적으로 결정지을 수 있는 주요인자는 셀 부피팽창이 유력하다. 그래서 체팽창을 감지하는 감지센서를 통해 초기 배터리 Fail을 정확하게 감지할 수 있다. 배터리 Fail 이후 연쇄 화학반응이 계속 진행되면 일산화탄소를 포함한 유독 가스와 가연성가스가 고온의 열과 함께 급격히 다량 발생되며 스파크에 의하여 점화 폭발하게 된다. An energy storage system applied to an electric vehicle (EV) is characterized by a high density of cells of high capacity because space and weight are largely limited. And because it is installed in a sealed form to minimize the physical impact from the outside, unlike general ESS, it is difficult to penetrate the fire extinguishing agent in the event of a fire, making it relatively difficult to suppress it. Therefore, when a fire occurs in an EV, it is inevitable to extinguish the flames that appear outside with fire extinguishing water. Due to the characteristics of the EV's thermal runaway fire, it is almost impossible to extinguish a fire after it is completely activated until it is burned out. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately and promptly judge and cope with whether or not the battery fails, and to extinguish the fire quickly at the beginning of the fire. Battery Fail means that the diaphragm separating the anode and the cathode base material reads its function and the base material comes into contact with each other, thereby generating heat and off-gas (combustible gas) due to a chain chemical reaction. At this time, body expansion and self-heating phenomena occur due to gas generation. The main factor that can intuitively determine battery failure is cell volume expansion. Therefore, the initial battery failure can be accurately detected through a detection sensor that detects body expansion. If the chain chemical reaction continues after the battery fails, toxic gases including carbon monoxide and combustible gases are rapidly generated together with high temperature heat, and ignition and explosion are caused by sparks.

등록특허 제10-1294169호(등록일자 2013년 08월 01일)Registered Patent No. 10-1294169 (Registration Date August 01, 2013) 등록특허 제10-1238062호(등록일자 2013년 02월 21일)Registered Patent No. 10-1238062 (Registration date February 21, 2013)

EV에 적용되는 에너지 저장 시스템의 경우 어느 한 셀에 물리적 충격 등이 가해져서 Fail 되어 폭발이 일어나면 이 폭발력이 인접한 셀에 물리적 충력을 주어 열폭주 전이가 연쇄적으로 발생하여 인접 셀이 연쇄적으로 폭발된다는 문제점이 있었다.In the case of an energy storage system applied to an EV, when an explosion occurs due to a failure due to a physical shock applied to a cell, this explosive force gives a physical impulse to an adjacent cell, causing a series of thermal runaway transitions, causing the adjacent cells to explode in a chain. There was a problem of becoming.

본 발명은 상기의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것이다. 어느 한 셀이 폭발하더라도 인접 셀에 폭발력이 작용하기 전 화재 활성화를 막을 수 있는 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법 및 그 장치를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.The present invention is to solve the above problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for extinguishing an energy storage system for an electric vehicle capable of preventing activation of a fire before an explosive force acts on an adjacent cell even if one cell explodes.

본 발명의 일 측면에 따른 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법은 부피감지단계와, 냉각단계와, 화재감지단계 및 소화단계를 포함한다. 상기 부피감지단계는 전기 차량의 에너지 저장 시스템의 셀의 부피 팽창을 감지한다. 상기 냉각단계는 상기 부피감지단계에서 일정 크기 이상으로 부피가 팽창된 것으로 감지된 셀을 냉각시키기 위하여 상기 셀에 소화약제를 분사시킨다. 상기 화재감지단계는 상기 셀에 화재 발생 여부를 감지한다. 상기 소화단계는 상기 화재감지단계에서 화재가 감지된 경우 상기 화재를 소화시키기 위하여 상기 에너지 저장 시스템에 소화약제를 분사시킨다.A fire extinguishing method of an energy storage system for an electric vehicle according to an aspect of the present invention includes a volume sensing step, a cooling step, a fire sensing step, and a fire extinguishing step. The volume sensing step detects the volume expansion of the cell of the energy storage system of the electric vehicle. In the cooling step, a fire extinguishing agent is sprayed onto the cell in order to cool the cell detected that the volume has expanded beyond a certain size in the volume sensing step. The fire detection step detects whether a fire occurs in the cell. In the fire extinguishing step, when a fire is detected in the fire detection step, a fire extinguishing agent is injected into the energy storage system to extinguish the fire.

또한, 상기의 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법은 온도감지단계와 분사종료단계를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. 상기 온도감지단계는 상기 냉각단계에서 냉각된 셀의 온도를 감지한다. 상기 분사종료단계는 상기 온도감지단계에서 감지된 상기 셀의 온도가 일정한 온도로 하강할 경우 상기 냉각단계에서 분사시키는 소화약제의 분사를 중단시킨다.In addition, it is preferable that the extinguishing method of the energy storage system for an electric vehicle further includes a temperature sensing step and an injection ending step. The temperature sensing step detects the temperature of the cell cooled in the cooling step. In the injection ending step, when the temperature of the cell detected in the temperature sensing step falls to a constant temperature, the injection of the extinguishing agent injected in the cooling step is stopped.

또한, 상기의 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법은 경고단계와 통고단계를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. 상기 경고단계는 상기 부피감지단계에서 일정 크기 이상의 부피가 팽창된 것을 감지된 셀이 있으면 상기 차량의 운전자에게 상기 셀의 파손을 경고한다. 상기 통고단계는 상기 화재감지단계에서 화재 발생이 감지되면 화재 발생을 상기 차량의 운전자에게 알려준다.In addition, it is preferable that the fire extinguishing method of the energy storage system for an electric vehicle further includes a warning step and a notification step. In the warning step, if there is a cell that detects that a volume of more than a certain size has been expanded in the volume sensing step, the vehicle driver is warned of the damage of the cell. In the notification step, when a fire is detected in the fire detection step, the occurrence of a fire is notified to the driver of the vehicle.

본 발명의 다른 측면에 따른 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화장치는 부피팽창 감지센서와, 냉각수단과, 화재감지수단 및 소화수단을 포함한다. 상기 부피팽창 감지센서는 전기 차량의 에너지 저장 시스템의 셀의 팽창을 감지하기 위하여 각각 셀에 장착된다. 상기 냉각수단은 상기 부피팽창 감지센서에서 팽창이 감지된 셀의 온도를 냉각시키기 위하여 소화약제를 분사시킨다. 상기 화재감지수단은 상기 에너지 저장 시스템 내부의 화재를 감지한다. 상기 소화수단은 상기 화재감지수단에서 화재가 감지되면 화재를 소화시키기 위하여 상기 에너지 저장 시스템의 내부에 소화약제를 분사시킨다.A fire extinguishing device of an energy storage system for an electric vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention includes a volume expansion detection sensor, a cooling means, a fire detection means, and a fire extinguishing means. The volume expansion sensor is mounted on each cell to detect the expansion of the cell of the energy storage system of the electric vehicle. The cooling means injects a fire extinguishing agent to cool the temperature of the cell at which the expansion is detected by the volume expansion sensor. The fire detection means detects a fire inside the energy storage system. When the fire detection means detects a fire, the fire extinguishing means injects an extinguishing agent into the energy storage system to extinguish the fire.

또한, 상기 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화장치는 온도센서와 제어수단을 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. 상기 온도센서는 상기 셀의 온도를 측정한다. 상기 제어수단은 상기 온도센서에서 상기 냉각수단에 의하여 분사되는 셀의 온도가 일정 수준으로 하강되면 상기 냉각수단의 작동을 중지하고, 상기 부피팽창 감지센서에서 상기 셀이 일정 크기 이상 팽창된 것이 감지되면 상기 차량의 운전자에게 상기 셀의 파손을 경고하고, 상기 화재감지수단에서 화재가 감지되면 상기 차량의 운전자에게 화재를 통고한다.In addition, it is preferable that the fire extinguishing device of the energy storage system for an electric vehicle further includes a temperature sensor and a control means. The temperature sensor measures the temperature of the cell. The control means stops the operation of the cooling means when the temperature of the cell sprayed by the cooling means in the temperature sensor drops to a certain level, and when the volume expansion detection sensor detects that the cell is expanded by a certain size or more, The vehicle driver is warned of damage to the cell, and when a fire is detected by the fire detection means, the vehicle driver is notified of the fire.

본 발명에 의하면 센서를 사용하여 배터리의 체팽창을 감지함으로써 셀의 Fail을 확인할 수 있다. 그래서 일차적으로 Fail된 셀을 냉각시킴으로써 셀의 화학반응을 안정시켜 화재가 발생되는 것을 예방할 수 있다.According to the present invention, the failure of the cell can be confirmed by detecting the body expansion of the battery using a sensor. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a fire by stabilizing the chemical reaction of the cell by first cooling the failed cell.

또한, Fail된 셀의 냉각으로도 셀의 화학반응이 안정화되지 아니하여 화재가 발생될 경우 화재발생을 신속히 감지하여 화재발생 초기에 소화약제를 분사시킴으로써 인접한 셀로 열폭주가 발생되는 것을 방지할 수 있다.In addition, when a fire occurs because the chemical reaction of the cell is not stabilized even by cooling of the failed cell, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway to the adjacent cell by rapidly detecting the occurrence of the fire and spraying the extinguishing agent at the beginning of the fire. .

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법의 개념도,
도 2는 도 1의 소화방법을 실시하는 소화장치의 일 실시예의 개념도이다.1 is a conceptual diagram of a fire extinguishing method of an energy storage system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of an embodiment of a fire extinguishing device implementing the fire extinguishing method of FIG. 1.

도 1 및 도 2를 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화장치 및 그 소화방법의 일 실시예를 설명한다.An embodiment of a fire extinguishing apparatus and a fire extinguishing method of an energy storage system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

본 발명에 따른 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화장치의 일 실시예는 부피팽창 감지센서(10)와, 냉각수단(15)과, 화재감지수단(20)과, 소화수단(25)과, 온도센서(미도시) 및 제어수단(30)을 포함한다.An embodiment of the fire extinguishing device of the energy storage system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes a volume expansion detection sensor 10, a cooling means 15, a fire detection means 20, a fire extinguishing means 25, and a temperature sensor. (Not shown) and a control means 30.

부피팽창 감지센서(10)는 EV 차량(1)에 장착되는 에너지 저장 시스템(3)을 구성하는 배터리의 셀(5)의 부피 팽창을 감지한다. 이를 위해서 부피팽창 감지센서(10)는 각각의 셀(5)에 장착된다. 부피팽창 감지센서(10)로는 스트레인 게이지, 변위센서, 촉각센서를 포함한 배터리 셀의 부피변화를 직, 간접적으로 측정할 수 있는 모든 센서가 적용될 수 있다. 본 실시예의 경우에는 스트레인 게이지가 사용되었으며, 셀(5)의 상단에 위치한 가스(gas) 배출용 벤트(Vent)에 부착된다. 그래서 배터리 Fail 발생시 미세한 체팽창을 감지하며, 가스 분출시 자연적으로 떨어져 나가 가스 배출에 방해되지 않도록 한다. 체팽창 변화시 부피팽창 감지센서(10)에서 발생되는 기전력은 미세하므로 신호증폭회로(11)가 추가적으로 장착되며 이 또한 가스 배출에 방해되지 않도록 설치된다.The volume expansion sensor 10 detects the volume expansion of the battery cells 5 constituting the energy storage system 3 mounted on the EV vehicle 1. For this purpose, the volume expansion sensor 10 is mounted on each cell 5. As the volume expansion sensor 10, any sensor capable of directly or indirectly measuring a volume change of a battery cell including a strain gauge, a displacement sensor, and a tactile sensor may be applied. In the case of this embodiment, a strain gauge is used, and is attached to a vent for discharging gas located at the top of the cell 5. So, when a battery failure occurs, it detects minute body expansion, and when gas is ejected, it naturally falls off so that it does not interfere with gas discharge. Since the electromotive force generated by the volume expansion detection sensor 10 when the body expansion changes is minute, the signal amplification circuit 11 is additionally mounted, and this is also installed so as not to interfere with gas discharge.

냉각수단(15)은 부피팽창 감지센서(10)에서 팽창이 감지된 셀(5)의 온도를 냉각시키기 위하여 소화약제를 분사시킨다. 배터리 벤터가 파열되어 내부의 오프 가스(off-gas)가 분출시 부피팽창 감지센서(10)가 탈락되어도 냉각수단(15)이 지속적으로 작동하여 개방된 벤트 내부에 소화약제가 침투하게 된다. 그러면 셀(5)이 냉각되어 화학반응이 억제된다. 이때 사용되는 소화약제는 냉각효율이 우수한 약제를 사용되는 것이 좋다.The cooling means 15 injects an extinguishing agent to cool the temperature of the cell 5 at which the expansion is detected by the volume expansion sensor 10. Even if the volume expansion sensor 10 is removed when the battery venter is ruptured and the internal off-gas is ejected, the cooling means 15 continues to operate so that the extinguishing agent penetrates into the opened vent. Then, the cell 5 is cooled and the chemical reaction is suppressed. It is recommended that the fire extinguishing agent used at this time be used with excellent cooling efficiency.

화재감지수단(20)은 에너지 저장 시스템(3) 내부의 화재를 감지한다. 냉각수단(15)이 작동되었음에도 불구하고 열폭주가 계속 진행될 경우 유독가스 및 가연성가스가 스모크(Smoke) 형태로 다량 뿜어져 나오게 된다. 스모크에 스파크가 점화원으로 작용하여 점화 폭발하게 되는데 화재감지수단(20)은 이때 발생되는 불꽃을 감지한다. 화재감지수단(20)은 초고속 IR 화재감지기가 대표적으로 사용되며, 순간적으로 불꽃을 감지할 수 있어야 한다.The fire detection means 20 detects a fire inside the energy storage system 3. Even though the cooling means 15 is operated, when thermal runaway continues, a large amount of toxic gases and combustible gases are ejected in the form of smoke. The spark acts as an ignition source on the smoke and causes an ignition explosion, and the fire detection means 20 detects the generated flame. As the fire detection means 20, an ultra-high-speed IR fire detector is typically used, and it must be able to instantly detect a flame.

소화수단(25)은 화재감지수단(20)에서 화재가 감지되면 화재를 소화시키기 위하여 에너지 저장 시스템(3)의 내부에 소화약제를 급속 분사시킨다. 소화수단(25)은 에너지 저장 시스템(3)의 배터리 모듈 공간 내에 잔존하는 스모크 및 산소를 순간적으로 소화약제로 가득 채울 정도의 분사 압력으로 분사하여 화재가 확산되기 이전에 화재를 신속하게 진압한다.When a fire is detected by the fire detection means 20, the fire extinguishing means 25 rapidly injects a fire extinguishing agent into the energy storage system 3 to extinguish the fire. The fire extinguishing means 25 rapidly extinguishes the fire before the fire spreads by injecting smoke and oxygen remaining in the battery module space of the energy storage system 3 at an injection pressure sufficient to instantly fill it with an extinguishing agent.

온도센서는 셀(5)의 온도를 측정한다.The temperature sensor measures the temperature of the cell 5.

제어수단(30)은 냉각수단(15)에 의하여 소화약제가 분사된 셀(5)의 온도가 하강되면 냉각수단(15)의 작동을 중지한다. 즉 온도센서에 의하여 측정된 셀(5)의 온도가 하강되면 제어수단(30)은 냉각수단(15)의 작동을 중지한다. 이는 셀(5)이 팽창되더라도 냉각수단(15)의 작동에 의하여 셀(5)의 화학반응이 억제되었기 때문이다. 그리고 제어수단(30)은 부피팽창 감지센서(10)에서 셀(5)이 일정 크기 이상 팽창된 것으로 감지되면 차량의 운전자에게 이를 통지하여 셀(5)의 파손을 경고한다. 그러면 사용자는 차량을 중지하여 이상 여부를 살펴볼 수 있다. 또한 제어수단(30)은 화재감지수단(20)에서 화재가 감지되면 차량의 운전자에게 화재를 통지할 수 있다. 그러면 운전자는 안전한 곳으로 차량을 주차하여 안전지대로 대피할 수 있다. 제어수단(30)은 IOT를 기반으로 하며 운전자 인터페이스 장치에 정보를 전달하여 운전자에게 경고함과 동시에 인근 소방서 및 긴급 재난 시설에 차량의 상태 정보를 전달하여 신속한 대처를 가능케 할 수 있다.The control means 30 stops the operation of the cooling means 15 when the temperature of the cell 5 in which the extinguishing agent is injected by the cooling means 15 decreases. That is, when the temperature of the cell 5 measured by the temperature sensor decreases, the control means 30 stops the operation of the cooling means 15. This is because even if the cell 5 is expanded, the chemical reaction of the cell 5 is suppressed by the operation of the cooling means 15. In addition, when the volume expansion sensor 10 detects that the cell 5 has expanded by a certain size or more, the control means 30 notifies the driver of the vehicle to warn of the damage of the cell 5. The user can then stop the vehicle and check whether there is an abnormality. Further, the control means 30 may notify the driver of the vehicle of the fire when a fire is detected by the fire detection means 20. Then, the driver can park the vehicle in a safe place and evacuate to the safe zone. The control means 30 is based on IOT, and transmits information to the driver interface device to warn the driver and at the same time transmits vehicle status information to nearby fire departments and emergency disaster facilities to enable rapid response.

본 실시예를 사용하여 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법은 부피감지단계(S11)와, 경고단계(S13)와, 냉각단계(S15)와, 온도감지단계(S17)와, 분사종료단계(S19)와, 화재감지단계(S21)와, 통고단계(S23) 및 소화단계(S25)를 포함한다.The fire extinguishing method of the energy storage system for an electric vehicle using this embodiment includes a volume sensing step (S11), a warning step (S13), a cooling step (S15), a temperature sensing step (S17), and an injection end step (S19). ), and a fire detection step (S21), a notification step (S23), and a fire extinguishing step (S25).

부피감지단계(S11)는 셀(5)의 부피 팽창을 감지한다. 즉 셀(5)에 부착된 부피팽창 감지센서(10)를 통하여 셀(5)의 부피 팽창을 감지한다.Volume sensing step (S11) detects the volume expansion of the cell (5). That is, the volume expansion of the cell 5 is sensed through the volume expansion sensor 10 attached to the cell 5.

경고단계(S13)는 부피감지단계(S11)에서 일정 크기 이상의 부피가 팽창된 것으로 감지된 셀(5)이 있으면 차량의 운전자에게 셀(5)의 파손을 경고한다. 그러면 운전자는 셀(5)을 살펴보거나 적절한 대응을 취할 수 있다. 이때 운전자 뿐만 아니라 인근 소방서나 서비스 센터 등에도 차량의 이상 정보를 인터넷을 통해 데이터화하여 전송할 수 있다.The warning step S13 warns the driver of the vehicle of the damage of the cell 5 if there is a cell 5 detected that the volume of a certain size or more has been expanded in the volume sensing step S11. The driver can then look at the cell 5 or take an appropriate response. At this time, not only the driver but also the nearby fire department or service center can transmit the abnormal information of the vehicle into data through the Internet.

냉각단계(S15)는 팽창된 셀(5)이 감지되면 경고단계(S13)와 함께 부피가 팽창된 것으로 감지된 셀(5)을 냉각시키기 위하여 셀(5)에 소화약제를 분사시킨다. 즉 냉각수단(15)을 작동시켜 셀(5)이 냉각되도록 소화약제를 분사시킨다.In the cooling step (S15), when the expanded cell (5) is detected, a warning step (S13) and a fire extinguishing agent are injected into the cell (5) to cool the cell (5) detected as the volume expanded together with the warning step (S13). That is, the cooling means 15 is operated to inject an extinguishing agent so that the cell 5 is cooled.

온도감지단계(S17)는 온도센서를 통하여 냉각단계(S15)에서 냉각된 셀(5)의 온도를 감지한다. 이때 셀(5)의 온도가 내려갈 경우에는 셀(5)의 화학반응이 안정화되어 열폭주를 억제할 수 있다. 그러나, 셀(5)의 온도가 내려가지 않고 계속 상승하는 경우에는 화학반응이 계속되어 열폭주는 억제되지 않아 셀(5)의 온도는 계속 상승하게 되며 가연성가스 및 일산화탄소를 포함하는 검은 연기인 스모크가 다량 발생하여 스파크에 의해 점화되기 시작한다. 계속 진행되면 아크와 함께 불이 활성화되며 고온의 열로 인해 인접한 셀(5)에 과다한 열충격을 주어 열폭주 전이가 발생한다.The temperature sensing step (S17) detects the temperature of the cell 5 cooled in the cooling step (S15) through a temperature sensor. At this time, when the temperature of the cell 5 decreases, the chemical reaction of the cell 5 is stabilized, thereby suppressing thermal runaway. However, if the temperature of the cell 5 does not decrease and continues to rise, the chemical reaction continues and thermal runaway is not suppressed, so the temperature of the cell 5 continues to rise, and smoke, which is black smoke containing combustible gas and carbon monoxide. A large amount of is generated and starts to ignite by spark. If it continues, fire is activated along with the arc, and thermal runaway transition occurs due to excessive thermal shock to the adjacent cell 5 due to the high temperature.

화재감지단계(S21)는 스모크에 점화되어 불이 활성화될 때 화재감지수단(20)이 셀(5)에 발생된 불의 빛의 파장을 인식하여 초순간적으로 화재를 감지한다.In the fire detection step (S21), when the fire is ignited by the smoke and the fire is activated, the fire detection means 20 recognizes the wavelength of the light of the fire generated in the cell 5 to detect the fire in an ultra-instantaneous manner.

통고단계(S23)는 화재감지단계(S21)에서 화재 발생이 감지되면 제어수단(30)은 화재 발생을 차량의 운전자에게 이를 알려준다.In the notification step (S23), when the occurrence of a fire is detected in the fire detection step (S21), the control means 30 notifies the driver of the vehicle of the occurrence of the fire.

소화단계(S25)는 화재발생이 감지되면 통고단계(S23)와 함께 화재를 소화시키기 위하여 소화수단(25)은 에너지 저장 시스템에 소화약제를 급속 분사시켜 인접 셀로 열폭주 전이를 방지한다.In the fire extinguishing step (S25), in order to extinguish the fire together with the notification step (S23) when the occurrence of a fire is detected, the fire extinguishing means 25 rapidly injects a fire extinguishing agent into the energy storage system to prevent the transfer of thermal runaway to an adjacent cell.

따라서 본 실시예에 의하면 셀(5)에 화재 발생시 화재를 초기에 진압하여 에너지 저장 장치가 전소되는 것을 예방할 수 있다.Therefore, according to the present embodiment, when a fire occurs in the cell 5, the fire is initially extinguished to prevent the energy storage device from being burned out.

1 : 차량 3 : 에너지 저장 시스템
5 : 셀 10 : 부피팽창 감지센서
11 : 신호증폭회로 15 : 냉각수단
20 : 화재감지수단 25 : 소화수단
30 : 제어수단1: vehicle 3: energy storage system
5: cell 10: volume expansion sensor
11: signal amplification circuit 15: cooling means
20: fire detection means 25: fire extinguishing means
30: control means

Claims (5)

전기 차량의 에너지 저장 시스템의 셀의 부피 팽창을 감지하는 부피감지단계와,
상기 부피감지단계에서 일정 크기 이상으로 부피가 팽창된 것으로 감지된 셀을 냉각시키기 위하여 상기 셀에 소화약제를 분사시키는 냉각단계와,
상기 셀에 화재 발생 여부를 감지하는 화재감지단계와,
상기 화재감지단계에서 화재가 감지된 경우 상기 화재를 소화시키기 위하여 상기 에너지 저장 시스템에 소화약제를 분사시키는 소화단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법.A volume sensing step of detecting volume expansion of a cell of an energy storage system of an electric vehicle;
A cooling step of injecting an extinguishing agent into the cell in order to cool the cell detected that the volume has expanded beyond a certain size in the volume sensing step,
A fire detection step of detecting whether a fire occurs in the cell, and
And a fire extinguishing step of injecting a fire extinguishing agent into the energy storage system to extinguish the fire when a fire is detected in the fire detection step. 제1항에 있어서,
상기 냉각단계에서 냉각된 셀의 온도를 감지하는 온도감지단계와,
상기 온도감지단계에서 감지된 상기 셀의 온도가 일정한 온도로 하강할 경우 상기 냉각단계에서 분사시키는 소화약제의 분사를 중단시키는 분사종료단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법.The method of claim 1,
A temperature sensing step of sensing the temperature of the cell cooled in the cooling step,
Fire extinguishing method of an energy storage system for an electric vehicle, further comprising: stopping the injection of the extinguishing agent sprayed in the cooling step when the temperature of the cell detected in the temperature sensing step falls to a constant temperature. . 제2항에 있어서,
상기 부피감지단계에서 일정 크기 이상의 부피가 팽창된 것을 감지된 셀이 있으면 상기 차량의 운전자에게 상기 셀의 파손을 경고하는 경고단계와,
상기 화재감지단계에서 화재 발생이 감지되면 화재 발생을 상기 차량의 운전자에게 알려주는 통고단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화방법.The method of claim 2,
A warning step of alerting the driver of the vehicle to the damage of the cell if there is a cell detected that the volume has been expanded over a certain size in the volume sensing step;
And a notifying step of notifying a driver of the vehicle of the occurrence of a fire when the occurrence of a fire is detected in the fire detection step. 전기 차량의 에너지 저장 시스템의 셀의 팽창을 감지하기 위하여 각각 셀에 장착된 부피팽창 감지센서와,
상기 부피팽창 감지센서에서 팽창이 감지된 셀의 온도를 냉각시키기 위하여 소화약제를 분사시키는 냉각수단과,
상기 에너지 저장 시스템 내부의 화재를 감지하는 화재감지수단과,
상기 화재감지수단에서 화재가 감지되면 화재를 소화시키기 위하여 상기 에너지 저장 시스템의 내부에 소화약제를 분사시키는 소화수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화장치.Volume expansion detection sensors mounted on each cell to detect the expansion of the cells of the energy storage system of the electric vehicle,
A cooling means for injecting an extinguishing agent to cool the temperature of the cell at which the expansion is detected by the volume expansion sensor,
Fire detection means for detecting a fire inside the energy storage system,
And a fire extinguishing means for injecting a fire extinguishing agent into the energy storage system to extinguish the fire when a fire is detected by the fire detection means. 제4항에 있어서,
상기 셀의 온도를 측정하는 온도센서와,
상기 온도센서에서 상기 냉각수단에 의하여 분사되는 셀의 온도가 일정 수준으로 하강되면 상기 냉각수단의 작동을 중지하고, 상기 부피팽창 감지센서에서 상기 셀이 일정 크기 이상 팽창된 것이 감지되면 상기 차량의 운전자에게 상기 셀의 파손을 경고하고, 상기 화재감지수단에서 화재가 감지되면 상기 차량의 운전자에게 화재를 통고하는 제어수단을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 차량용 에너지 저장 시스템의 소화장치.The method of claim 4,
A temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the cell,
When the temperature of the cell injected by the cooling means in the temperature sensor drops to a certain level, the operation of the cooling means is stopped, and when the volume expansion detection sensor detects that the cell is expanded by a certain size or more, the driver of the vehicle And a control means for warning the cell of damage to the cell, and notifying the driver of the vehicle when a fire is detected by the fire detection means.
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KR20240146492A (en) 2023-03-29 2024-10-08 주식회사 티케이랩스 Battery pack anc electric vehicle equipped with the same
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