CN114927781A - Battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method and system based on end face pressure detection - Google Patents
Battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method and system based on end face pressure detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN114927781A CN114927781A CN202210348897.1A CN202210348897A CN114927781A CN 114927781 A CN114927781 A CN 114927781A CN 202210348897 A CN202210348897 A CN 202210348897A CN 114927781 A CN114927781 A CN 114927781A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method and system based on end face pressure detection, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) collecting the end face pressure of the battery, and if the end face pressure of the battery rises and exceeds a set threshold, determining that the battery is in a thermal runaway early self-heating state, and performing step 2); 2) cooling the battery, and continuing to perform the step 3) after the battery is cooled for a set time; 3) and comprehensively judging whether the battery is in a thermal runaway state or not by combining the end face pressure, the battery surface temperature and the voltage, and performing early warning. Compared with the prior art, the method can comprehensively judge the thermal runaway of the battery earlier and accurately, realize the safety early warning of the battery system and provide enough precious time for fire fighting and personnel escape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of safety early warning and protection of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method and system based on end face pressure detection.
Background
The traditional fossil fuel consumes a large amount of energy crisis and the double pressure of air pollution, so that the electromotion gradually becomes the mainstream direction of automobile development, one of the main characteristics of the electromotion of an automobile power system is that electric energy replaces chemical energy to be used as a main energy supply form, and a lithium ion power battery is used as a main power source of an electric automobile by virtue of the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and the like.
However, the application of the power supply system of the lithium ion battery is easily limited by factors such as environment and working conditions, a series of problems such as aging and thermal runaway can be caused by extreme working environments and working conditions such as low temperature and quick charging, and the problems are manifested as air expansion and swelling, even fire and explosion, which have great influence on the performance, service life and even safety of the lithium ion power battery pack/battery pack, so that the rational research on the use process of the lithium ion power battery in each working environment and each working condition plays an important guiding role in the macroscopic regulation and management of the lithium ion power battery.
At present, the internal mechanism research, detection and early warning modes of lithium ion batteries in various working and failure states are single, and most of the internal mechanism research, detection and early warning modes are external physical measurement, such as current, voltage and temperature measurement, but the actual thermal runaway failure mechanism of the lithium ion power battery is extremely complex, the inducement can be divided into factors such as mechanical abuse, electrical abuse, thermal abuse and internal defects, and the like, and the external physical measurement has large errors and hysteresis, so that the existing thermal runaway early warning technology cannot provide enough time for escape, treatment and fire fighting, and serious consequences are caused.
Therefore, with the requirement of capacity being improved continuously, the energy density, the power density and the capacity of the lithium ion power battery are increased continuously, the trend provides great challenges for the safety of the lithium ion battery system working under extreme working conditions, and a detection and early warning means based on a more accurate and practical internal reaction principle becomes an inevitable choice for substantially improving the safety of the lithium ion battery system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method and system based on end face pressure detection.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method based on end face pressure detection comprises the following steps:
1) collecting the end face pressure of the battery, and if the end face pressure of the battery rises to exceed a set threshold, determining that the battery is in a thermal runaway early self-heating state, and performing step 2);
2) cooling the battery for a set time and then performing the step 3);
3) and comprehensively judging whether the battery is in a thermal runaway state or not by combining the end face pressure, the battery surface temperature and the voltage, and performing early warning.
In the step 2), the battery thermal management system and the air conditioning system are combined to carry out early combined forced cooling together, so that the maximum temperature rise suppression effect is realized, and the battery is recovered to a normal use state.
The early combined forced cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
the liquid cooling coolant flow of the battery is increased and the cooling power of the air conditioning system in the vehicle or in the energy storage power station is increased.
In the step 2), the set time is 10 s.
In the step 3), when any one of the phenomena that the end face pressure increase rate exceeds a set threshold, the battery surface temperature increase rate exceeds a set threshold and the voltage drop rate exceeds a set threshold occurs, the battery is judged to be in a thermal runaway state, at the moment, the battery thermal management system cannot block the thermal runaway of the battery, a driver or an energy storage power station worker is informed to rapidly evacuate and call a fire department, a battery system fire extinguishing device is started, and otherwise, the battery continues to be in a current working state.
In the step 1), the self-heat-generation state at the early stage of the thermal runaway is specifically a state from the beginning of the battery generating heat to the triggering of the thermal runaway.
Before detection, the end face pressure and the surface temperature data of the battery are corrected according to test data of a battery cell selected by a battery system before leaving a factory, heat generation of the battery in a normal use working condition in a charging and discharging process and deformation and pressure change caused by a breathing effect are considered, and a set end face pressure threshold value and a set surface temperature increase rate threshold value of the battery are corrected so as to realize accurate judgment.
A battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning system comprises a pressure sensor used for collecting the pressure of the end face of a battery and a processor connected with the pressure sensor and used for judging the self-generating thermal state and the thermal runaway state of the battery in the early stage.
The arrangement of the pressure sensors is specifically as follows:
a plurality of serially connected battery monomers in the battery system form a module by binding clamp plates at two ends through bolts with pretightening force or steel belts, and a pressure sensor is arranged between the battery monomers at the edge and the clamp plates or the steel belts along the arrangement direction of the battery monomers and used for accurately measuring the end face pressure increment caused by the self-generated thermal expansion and the internal reaction gas generation bulge of the lithium ion battery.
Considering that the temperature of the battery is too high in the thermal runaway process, in order to prevent the failure of the pressure sensor, the high-temperature-resistant insulation protection is carried out on the outside of the pressure sensor, so that the real-time dynamic monitoring is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, when the environmental temperature of the battery reaches the self-heat-generation reaction temperature, active substances such as electrode materials, electrolyte, additives and the like in the battery react to release heat, a certain amount of gas is generated at the beginning of the process, but thermal runaway is not triggered.
The invention fully considers the thermal runaway reaction mechanism of the lithium ion battery and corrects the influence of the heat generation and temperature rise of the battery during charging and discharging and the 'breathing effect' of the charging and discharging process on the detection and judgment.
And thirdly, the comprehensive early warning method and the comprehensive early warning system provided by the invention only need to add one pressure sensor on the basis of the conventional battery system, and have the advantages of convenience in installation and maintenance, low cost and the like.
And fourthly, the real-time monitoring of the single battery state of the lithium ion battery pack is realized based on the characteristics of quick response, high sensitivity and the like of the pressure sensor.
The sensing and detecting technology used by the invention does not need an external power supply, does not generate heat or has no noise, and can simultaneously meet the requirements of the commercial vehicle on the aspects of noise, energy consumption, safety and the like of a battery management system.
The invention can realize the supplement and correction of the existing lithium ion battery thermal runaway and thermal runaway spreading mechanical mechanism, and provides theoretical support for the design of the lithium ion battery and the management and protection of a battery system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for performing detection and early warning according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway internal temperature-voltage curve of a lithium ion battery.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway end face pressure curve of a lithium ion battery.
The notation in the figure is:
1. pressure sensor, 2, lithium ion battery, 3, battery module anchor clamps.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method based on end face pressure detection, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: judging the self-heat-generation state at the early stage of thermal runaway based on the abnormal rise signal of the end face pressure;
the second step: increasing the flow of liquid cooling coolant of the battery system and the refrigeration power of an air conditioning system in a vehicle or an energy storage power station;
the third step: judging the fourth step when the battery system is cooled for 10 s;
the fourth step: if the end face pressure or the surface temperature of the battery still increases suddenly or the voltage drops suddenly, a driver or workers of the energy storage power station are notified to evacuate quickly, a fire department is called, and the battery system fire extinguishing device is started; if the end face pressure and the battery surface temperature do not have the continuous violent increase phenomenon and the voltage does not have the sudden drop phenomenon, the fifth step is carried out;
the fifth step: and continuing the current working state.
In the second step, the invention can make the single battery recover to a normal use state by timely and efficiently cooling and inhibiting continuous heating of the lithium ion battery at the stage between self-heat generation and thermal runaway triggering of the lithium ion battery, and can realize the maximum inhibition effect by adopting the combination of an enlarged battery thermal management system and a whole vehicle air conditioning system to carry out forced cooling.
And in the fourth step, if the maximum power cooling cannot inhibit the continuous rise of the battery temperature for ten seconds by adopting a combined forced cooling method, determining that the existing thermal management system of the vehicle or the energy storage power station cannot block the thermal runaway of the system.
The judgment is carried out according to the situation that the phenomena of surface temperature rise, end surface pressure rise or battery end voltage sudden drop and the like in the thermal runaway process need to be comprehensively considered, and comprehensive and accurate judgment is realized.
If any one of three monitoring quantities of end face pressure, temperature and voltage is abnormal, the thermal runaway comprehensive early warning system starts a fire extinguishing part and informs drivers and workers to evacuate, so that casualties are avoided, early contact with a fire department can be realized, and economic loss is reduced as much as possible; if all three indexes have no abnormal phenomenon, the current working state can be continued.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning system based on end face pressure detection, which specifically comprises:
the battery monomer in the battery system is formed into a module by the clamp plates at two ends and the side plates at two sides through bolts with pretightening force, or the module is formed by bundling steel belts, and a pressure sensor is arranged along the arrangement direction of the battery monomer, so that the end face pressure increment caused by the self-generated thermal expansion and the internal reaction gas generation bulge of the lithium ion battery can be accurately measured.
When the environmental temperature of the battery reaches the self-heat-generation reaction temperature, active substances such as electrode materials, electrolyte, additives and the like in the battery react to release heat, a certain amount of gas is generated in the process, but thermal runaway is not triggered.
In addition, the thermal runaway comprehensive early warning system provided by the invention detects the variation of the pressure of the end face of the battery based on test data before the battery system selects the battery cell to leave the factory, fully considers the deformation caused by heat generation of the battery in the charging and discharging process under the normal use working condition and the 'breathing effect' in the charging and discharging process, and supplements and corrects the pressure of the end face in the detection and early warning process by the complex variable to realize accurate judgment.
In consideration of the fact that force and heat are transmitted along the arrangement direction of the battery monomers in the expansion process, the pressure sensor is arranged between the edge of the battery pack and the clamp or the steel belt, and therefore accurate detection and judgment of the thermal runaway state of any battery monomer in the dynamic working condition process of the battery module can be achieved.
In the embodiment, the temperature is too high in the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery, and in order to prevent the failure of the pressure sensor, the high-temperature-resistant insulation protection is carried out outside the pressure sensor (in the embodiment, the mica sheet is adopted for insulation) so as to realize monitoring and early warning in the real-time dynamic process.
It should be explained that, as shown in fig. 4, the lithium ion battery end face pressure in this embodiment is divided into the following three stages in the thermal runaway process:
stage 1: temperature rise and pressure rise stage caused by slight reaction gas generation;
and (2) stage: a pressure relaxation stage of the lithium ion battery bulge expansion extrusion fixture;
and (3) stage: a pressure surge stage caused by a thermal runaway violent reaction.
The invention can accurately detect the thermal runaway condition of the lithium ion battery system in real time, has very important significance on the research on the mechanism of the lithium ion battery of the vehicle and the energy storage power station, the construction of the model and the design of safety improvement, and can be known by combining the figure 3 and the figure 4, compared with the method of temperature shock rise and voltage shock fall of the current scientific research and practical technology, the early warning judgment based on the end face pressure adopted by the invention is advanced by about 500 plus 900 seconds, and can strive for enough escape and fire extinguishing time for early warning and processing of the thermal runaway, greatly reduce the property loss and stop casualties.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method based on end face pressure detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting the end face pressure of the battery, and if the end face pressure of the battery rises and exceeds a set threshold, determining that the battery is in a thermal runaway early self-heating state, and performing step 2);
2) cooling the battery for a set time and then performing the step 3);
3) and comprehensively judging whether the battery is in a thermal runaway state or not by combining the end face pressure, the battery surface temperature and the voltage, and performing early warning.
2. The end face pressure detection-based battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the battery thermal management system and the air conditioning system are combined to perform early combined forced cooling together, so that a maximum temperature rise suppression effect is realized, and the battery is recovered to a normal use state.
3. The end face pressure detection-based battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method according to claim 2, wherein the early joint forced cooling specifically comprises:
the liquid cooling coolant flow of the battery is increased and the cooling power of the air conditioning system in the vehicle or in the energy storage power station is increased.
4. The method for comprehensively warning thermal runaway of a battery based on end face pressure detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the set time is 10 s.
5. The end face pressure detection-based battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), when any one of the phenomena that the end face pressure increase rate exceeds a set threshold, the battery surface temperature increase rate exceeds a set threshold, and the voltage drop rate exceeds a set threshold occurs, it is determined that the battery is in a thermal runaway state, at which point the battery thermal management system cannot block the battery thermal runaway, a driver or an energy storage power station worker is notified to evacuate rapidly and call a fire department, and a battery system fire extinguishing device is started, otherwise the battery continues to be in a current working state.
6. The method for comprehensively warning thermal runaway of a battery based on end face pressure detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the early self-heat-generation state of thermal runaway is specifically a state from heat generation of the battery to thermal runaway triggering.
7. The end face pressure detection-based battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method according to claim 5, wherein the battery end face pressure and battery surface temperature data are corrected to achieve accurate judgment according to test data of a battery cell selected by a battery system before delivery before detection, by considering heat generation of the battery in a normal use working condition in a charging and discharging process and deformation and pressure change caused by a respiratory effect.
8. The comprehensive early warning system for the thermal runaway of the battery, which is used for realizing the comprehensive early warning method for the thermal runaway of the battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising a pressure sensor for acquiring the pressure of the end face of the battery and a processor connected with the pressure sensor and used for judging the self-generating thermal state and the thermal runaway state of the battery in the early stage of the thermal runaway.
9. The battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning system of claim 8, wherein the arrangement of the pressure sensors is specifically as follows:
a plurality of serially connected battery monomers in the battery system form a module by binding clamp plates at two ends through bolts with pretightening force or steel belts, and a pressure sensor is arranged between the battery monomers at the edge and the clamp plates or the steel belts along the arrangement direction of the battery monomers and used for accurately measuring the end face pressure increment caused by the self-generated thermal expansion and the internal reaction gas generation bulge of the lithium ion battery.
10. The battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning system according to claim 9, wherein the high temperature during the battery thermal runaway process is considered, and in order to prevent the pressure sensor from failing, the high temperature resistant insulation protection is performed on the outside of the pressure sensor, so as to realize real-time dynamic monitoring.
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| CN202210348897.1A CN114927781A (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2022-04-01 | Battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method and system based on end face pressure detection |
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| CN202210348897.1A CN114927781A (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2022-04-01 | Battery thermal runaway comprehensive early warning method and system based on end face pressure detection |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116520153A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | 广东博龙能源科技有限公司 | Early warning protection method and system for thermal runaway of lithium battery |
| CN117239264A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2023-12-15 | 深圳市百酷新能源有限公司 | Battery safety control method and device, intelligent battery and medium |
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2022
- 2022-04-01 CN CN202210348897.1A patent/CN114927781A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116520153A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | 广东博龙能源科技有限公司 | Early warning protection method and system for thermal runaway of lithium battery |
| CN116520153B (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2024-03-26 | 广东博龙能源科技有限公司 | Early warning protection method and system for thermal runaway of lithium battery |
| CN117239264A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2023-12-15 | 深圳市百酷新能源有限公司 | Battery safety control method and device, intelligent battery and medium |
| CN117239264B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-01-26 | 深圳市百酷新能源有限公司 | Battery safety control method and device, intelligent battery and medium |
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