CN100495280C - Power lithium battery pack temperature control device - Google Patents

Power lithium battery pack temperature control device Download PDF

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CN100495280C
CN100495280C CN 200710047693 CN200710047693A CN100495280C CN 100495280 C CN100495280 C CN 100495280C CN 200710047693 CN200710047693 CN 200710047693 CN 200710047693 A CN200710047693 A CN 200710047693A CN 100495280 C CN100495280 C CN 100495280C
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heat dissipation
lithium
battery pack
grid
cooling
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CN101145059A (en
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刘汉民
王志新
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a temperature control device for power lithium-battery group which belongs to the technology field of vehicle; the present invention comprises a grid frame of the lithium-power-battery group consisting of independent cooling channels; and the assembly structure of the grid frame comprises cell grids of lithium-power battery and grids of the independent cooling channel, and are connected in row; the external drive part and the channel part of the cooling medium are arranged between a vehicle air-conditioning system and the assembly structure of the grid frame, and are connected with two ends of the cooling independent cooling channels; the temperature collecting part in the temperature collecting, and control system is arranged in the assembly structure, while the temperature is independently arranged outside the assembly structure; the present invention can be used to solves the problem of variable temperature during the using of power lithium-battery group, and thereby improving the working safety as well as recycling life of the lithium-battery group.

Description

动力锂电池组温度控制装置 Power lithium battery pack temperature control device

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种车辆技术领域的控制装置,具体地说,是一种动力锂电池组温度控制装置。The invention relates to a control device in the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a temperature control device for a power lithium battery pack.

背景技术 Background technique

锂电池(包括各种正极材料如钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸亚铁锂等)由于其能量密度高、比功率大,循环寿命长,使得在各种便携式电子消费设备如笔记本电脑、移动电话、MP3等等方面的广泛应用。提高锂动力电池的安全性,目前主要都是均是从电池的内部材料性能来分析的,比如:1)在电解液中,使用溶点低、沸点高、分解电压高的有机溶剂,通过添加阻燃性添加剂使易燃有机电解液变成难燃或不可燃的电解液,但就目前研究结果看,添加剂的电化学不稳定性或其不利的理化性质,对电池性能也会造成一定的负面影响;2)从正极材料来说,正极材料的能量密度和功率密度的提高,也是引发锂离子动力电池安全隐患的主要原因。但对于锂动力电池组来说,对于大容量电池组的因温度而失效,有很大一部分原因是由于电池组单元间的热量堆积造成的。由于在长时间放电或大电流充放电过程中,电池内部(电池的等效内阻)会产生大量的热量。如果这种热量不能及时散发出去,就会在电池单元之间积累,从而影响电池电极材料和电解液的内部正常工作,进一步增大等效内阻等参数(超过正常范围),从而进入一个恶性循环,造成锂电池的提前失效,缩短使用寿命,极端情况下甚至发生安全事故。Lithium batteries (including various positive electrode materials such as lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, etc.) due to their high energy density, high specific power, and long cycle life, make them widely used in various portable electronic consumer devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, etc. Wide application in telephone, MP3 and so on. Improving the safety of lithium power batteries is mainly analyzed from the internal material properties of the battery. For example: 1) In the electrolyte, use an organic solvent with a low melting point, a high boiling point, and a high decomposition voltage. Flame retardant additives make flammable organic electrolytes into flammable or non-flammable electrolytes, but according to the current research results, the electrochemical instability of additives or their unfavorable physical and chemical properties will also cause certain damage to battery performance. Negative impact; 2) From the perspective of positive electrode materials, the improvement of the energy density and power density of positive electrode materials is also the main reason for the safety hazards of lithium-ion power batteries. But for lithium-powered battery packs, a large part of the reason for the failure of large-capacity battery packs due to temperature is due to the heat accumulation between the battery pack units. Due to the long-term discharge or the high-current charge-discharge process, a large amount of heat will be generated inside the battery (the equivalent internal resistance of the battery). If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will accumulate between the battery cells, thereby affecting the internal normal operation of the battery electrode material and electrolyte, and further increasing parameters such as equivalent internal resistance (beyond the normal range), thus entering a vicious cycle, causing premature failure of lithium batteries, shortening service life, and even safety accidents in extreme cases.

经对现有技术的文献检索发现,美国专利5524681《Apparatus and methodfor draining and filling a battery cooling system》(一种抽排风电池冷却系统的原理和装置)中提出了应用风冷系统对电池单元组进行冷却的装置。该专利提出了采用排风和进风两种工作状态来将电池单元的热量散发,并由微控器进行通断控制来完成设定好工作时序。但对于电池组单元如何布置和电池单元间的独立的散热通道并无提及,且还不包括采用水冷的冷却方式。检索中还发现,Siddique A.Khateeb等在《Journal of Power Sources》(2005年142卷345-353)发表“Thermal management of Li-ion battery with phase changematerial for electric scooters:experimental validation”(《电源》“电动滑板车用锂电池组相变材料温度控制的实验验证”),提出在电池单元间填充相变材料控制电池单元温度的方案,同时还描述了圆筒形电池单元组的通风散热情况,其方法是采用新型相变材料来吸收和释放电池单元的热量,保持整体电池单元的温度不变或变化范围较小。同时对于电池组的通风散热也有所提及,但方案中通风散热利用电池单元间的缝隙来流动,散热面积也不能保证。After searching the literature of the prior art, it was found that the US Patent No. 5524681 "Apparatus and method for draining and filling a battery cooling system" (a principle and device of an exhaust air battery cooling system) proposes to apply an air cooling system to the battery unit pack. A device for cooling. This patent proposes to use two working states of exhaust and air intake to dissipate the heat of the battery unit, and the microcontroller performs on-off control to complete the set working sequence. However, there is no mention of how the battery pack units are arranged and the independent heat dissipation channels between the battery units, and the cooling method using water cooling is not included. In the search, it was also found that Siddique A.Khateeb et al. published "Thermal management of Li-ion battery with phase changematerial for electric scooters: experimental validation" ("Power Sources" "Experimental verification of temperature control of phase-change materials for lithium battery packs used in electric scooters"), put forward the scheme of filling phase-change materials between battery cells to control the temperature of battery cells, and also described the ventilation and heat dissipation of cylindrical battery packs. The method is to use a new type of phase change material to absorb and release the heat of the battery cell, and keep the temperature of the overall battery cell constant or within a small range. At the same time, the ventilation and heat dissipation of the battery pack are also mentioned, but in the scheme, the ventilation and heat dissipation use the gaps between the battery cells to flow, and the heat dissipation area cannot be guaranteed.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,提供一种动力锂电池组温度控制装置,使其采用风冷和水冷两种散热方式来控制锂电池组使用过程中的温度,以提高锂电池组工作的安全性及循环使用寿命。The object of the present invention is to aim at the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art, to provide a power lithium battery pack temperature control device, which uses two heat dissipation methods of air cooling and water cooling to control the temperature of the lithium battery pack during use, so as to improve The safety and cycle life of the lithium battery pack.

本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,本发明包括以下三个部分:包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构、散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分、温度采集和控制系统。所述包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构包括锂动力电池电芯栅格和独立散热通道栅格,锂动力电池电芯栅格和独立散热通道栅格并排连接,在空间上两种栅格相互间隔,散热通道在两端并联。散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分设置在车辆空调系统与包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构之间,且与包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构散热通道的两端相连接。温度采集和控制系统中的温度采集部分位于包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构内,温度控制部分独立设置在包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构外部。The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions, and the present invention includes the following three parts: the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels, the external drive and channel part of the heat dissipation medium, and the temperature acquisition and control system. The grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels includes a lithium power battery cell grid and an independent heat dissipation channel grid, and the lithium power battery cell grid and the independent heat dissipation channel grid are connected side by side. The two grids are spaced apart from each other, and the cooling channels are connected in parallel at both ends. The external drive and channel part of the heat dissipation medium is set between the vehicle air conditioning system and the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels, and is connected with the heat dissipation channel of the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels. The two ends are connected. The temperature acquisition part of the temperature acquisition and control system is located in the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels, and the temperature control part is independently arranged outside the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels.

所述栅格结构由金属或塑料板材制成,通过在板材上设置窗口和空洞,且窗口和空洞的面积应大于板材面积的60%,以便于电芯单元与散热介质能够充分接触。所述栅格,其高度不一致,但宽度和深度相同。若栅格高度低于单个电芯高度,则不安放铝塑薄膜动力电池电芯,只是作为独立散热通道栅格;若栅格高度大于或等于单个电芯高度,则安放铝塑薄膜动力电池电芯,作为锂动力电池电芯栅格。当铝塑薄膜动力电池电芯单元安装后,锂动力电池电芯栅格与散热栅格为均匀分布。The grid structure is made of metal or plastic plates, and windows and cavities are set on the plates, and the area of the windows and cavities should be greater than 60% of the area of the plates, so that the battery cells can fully contact with the heat dissipation medium. The grid is not uniform in height, but has the same width and depth. If the height of the grid is lower than the height of a single cell, the aluminum-plastic film power battery cell is not placed, but it is used as an independent cooling channel grid; if the height of the grid is greater than or equal to the height of a single cell, the aluminum-plastic film power battery cell is placed Core, as a grid of lithium power battery cells. After the aluminum-plastic film power battery cell unit is installed, the lithium power battery cell grid and the heat dissipation grid are evenly distributed.

本发明中,散热通道在两端并联,其散热方式包括风冷和水冷两种方式。水冷方式栅格内不开窗口,并作防水密封。强制散热介质从散热通道流过,并主要基于传导散热,而非传统风冷的对流散热。对于冷却水介质的场合,将散热通道的四壁可以不打空洞,直接形成冷却水道。同时,散热通道也可以作为锂动力电池短路膨胀时的释放空间,杜绝锂电池电芯单元在非常情况下因能量无法释放而形成的剧烈燃烧和爆炸。In the present invention, the heat dissipation channels are connected in parallel at both ends, and the heat dissipation methods include air cooling and water cooling. There are no windows in the water-cooling grid, and it is waterproof and sealed. The forced heat dissipation medium flows through the heat dissipation channel and is mainly based on conduction heat dissipation instead of convection heat dissipation of traditional air cooling. For the occasion of the cooling water medium, the four walls of the heat dissipation channel may not be hollowed out, and the cooling water channel may be directly formed. At the same time, the heat dissipation channel can also be used as a release space for the short-circuit expansion of the lithium-ion battery, so as to prevent the violent combustion and explosion of the lithium-ion battery cell unit due to the inability to release the energy under special circumstances.

所述散热通道具体数量的多少和每个散热通道截面积的大小,应根据锂动力电池组电芯单元数量多少和每个动力电池电芯单元大小进行计算,但也要考虑总的电池组的体积和强制通风的冷却量来确定,每个最小电芯单元一般要有三个主要外表面与独立散热通道相接触,且最小电芯单元与其他电芯单元只能有一个面相接触,从而保证散热热阻的最小化。对于锂电池组电芯单元较小、或组数量较小的应用场合(如电动高尔夫车、电动自行车),可以用绝缘支架仅在锂电电芯单元间保留一定空间,形成明显的独立散热通道即可。The specific number of heat dissipation channels and the cross-sectional area of each heat dissipation channel should be calculated according to the number of battery cells in the lithium power battery pack and the size of each power battery cell unit, but the overall battery pack size should also be considered. It is determined by the volume and the cooling capacity of forced ventilation. Generally, each minimum cell unit must have three main outer surfaces in contact with independent heat dissipation channels, and the minimum cell unit can only have one surface in contact with other cell units to ensure heat dissipation. Minimization of thermal resistance. For applications where the lithium battery cell units are small or the number of groups is small (such as electric golf carts, electric bicycles), an insulating bracket can be used to reserve only a certain space between the lithium battery cell units to form an obvious independent heat dissipation channel. Can.

散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分,分为风冷方式和水冷方式两种。The external drive and channel part of the heat dissipation medium are divided into two types: air-cooled and water-cooled.

若采用风冷,包括冷却风引入口,冷却风管,冷却风连接膨胀管,送风风扇,排风风扇。连接方式:空调系统的冷却风引入口与冷却风管一端相连,另一端与冷却风连接膨胀管相连,送风风扇与膨胀管出口相对,送风风扇出口与独立散热通道相连,在散热通道另一侧连接排风风扇。汽车本身自有的空调系统,冷却介质(冷风或暖风)有空调系统的送风口处通过管道连接入电池组的冷却空气进入口,冷却风管,冷却风连接管,流入各个送风风扇,经风扇加压后进入独立散热通道,经然后经排风风扇排出。冷却介质通道不宜过长,各个小的散热通道部分应并联,使得电池电芯单元温度均匀。If air cooling is used, it includes cooling air inlet, cooling air pipe, cooling air connection expansion pipe, air supply fan, and exhaust fan. Connection method: The cooling air inlet of the air conditioning system is connected to one end of the cooling air pipe, and the other end is connected to the cooling air connection expansion pipe. The air supply fan is opposite to the outlet of the expansion pipe. Connect the exhaust fan to one side. The air conditioning system of the car itself, the cooling medium (cold air or warm air) is connected to the cooling air inlet of the battery pack through pipes at the air supply port of the air conditioning system, the cooling air pipe, the cooling air connecting pipe, and flows into each air supply fan. After being pressurized by the fan, it enters the independent heat dissipation channel, and then is discharged by the exhaust fan. The cooling medium channel should not be too long, and each small heat dissipation channel part should be connected in parallel to make the temperature of the battery cell unit uniform.

若采用水冷,则相应为热交换器、冷却水出水管、水阀、水泵、回水管。热交换器的出水口与冷却水出水管一端相连,水阀安装于出水管道中间,出水管另一端与各个水泵的入口相连,水泵出口与独立散热通道一端相连,散热通道另一端和回水管一端相连,回水管另一端接热交换器的入水口。其工作方式如下:水经热交换器,出水管,水阀,经水泵加压,然后进入独立的散热通道,吸收热量后的水,经回水管流回冷却器的上端。进水口和出水口可在电池组的同一侧。冷却介质通道不宜过长,各个小的散热通道部分应并联,使得电池电芯单元温度均匀。If water cooling is used, the corresponding heat exchanger, cooling water outlet pipe, water valve, water pump, and return water pipe. The water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to one end of the cooling water outlet pipe, the water valve is installed in the middle of the water outlet pipe, the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of each water pump, the outlet of the water pump is connected to one end of the independent heat dissipation channel, and the other end of the heat dissipation channel is connected to the end of the return pipe The other end of the return pipe is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger. Its working method is as follows: the water passes through the heat exchanger, the outlet pipe, the water valve, pressurized by the water pump, and then enters the independent heat dissipation channel, and the water after absorbing heat flows back to the upper end of the cooler through the return pipe. The water inlet and outlet can be on the same side of the battery pack. The cooling medium channel should not be too long, and each small heat dissipation channel part should be connected in parallel to make the temperature of the battery cell unit uniform.

所述电池温度采集和控制系统包括各个温度传感器、温度控制和保护板、控制执行开关、串并联及外部控制接口和断路器。温度控制和保护板、控制执行开关、串并联及外部控制接口和断路器构成温度控制部分。温度传感器(即温度采集部分)位于锂动力电池电芯栅格内,且与电芯单元可靠接触。温度传感器的信号连接到各个温度控制和保护板,温度控制和保护板对采集到的温度变量进行处理,决定相应控制策略,并输出控制信号,如风机的开关和转速信号,水泵的转速信号等。控制执行信号再输出到控制执行开关。部分控制信号接入串并联及外部控制接口。最终各个控制信息经串并联及外部控制接口的对应接口与上位机连接,并控制断路器完成保护。The battery temperature acquisition and control system includes various temperature sensors, temperature control and protection boards, control execution switches, series-parallel and external control interfaces and circuit breakers. Temperature control and protection board, control executive switch, series-parallel connection and external control interface and circuit breaker constitute the temperature control part. The temperature sensor (that is, the temperature acquisition part) is located in the grid of the lithium power battery cell and is in reliable contact with the cell unit. The signal of the temperature sensor is connected to each temperature control and protection board. The temperature control and protection board processes the collected temperature variables, determines the corresponding control strategy, and outputs control signals, such as the switch and speed signal of the fan, the speed signal of the water pump, etc. . The control execution signal is then output to the control execution switch. Part of the control signals are connected to the series-parallel connection and the external control interface. Finally, each control information is connected with the upper computer through the corresponding interface of the series-parallel connection and the external control interface, and the circuit breaker is controlled to complete the protection.

为了保证采样的充分性,温度控制和保护板可根据电池单元的多少而增加,并通过光电耦合来传递信息和控制散热风扇开关或水泵。In order to ensure the adequacy of sampling, the temperature control and protection board can be increased according to the number of battery cells, and the photoelectric coupling is used to transmit information and control the cooling fan switch or water pump.

本发明的适用对象是由软壳铝塑薄膜的锂电芯动力电池组。锂动力电池组,是由一定数量的锂动力电池电芯单元组合构成。对于钢壳或塑封等硬壳电池,不仅表面积小,且电池外壳材料热阻较大,故总的热阻较大。由于本发明是基于电池表面作为传导散热的通路,对于表面积较小的圆柱形电池单元则不是很适合。电芯单元一般以软壳的铝塑薄膜的薄方形锂动力电池为好,因为由于其表面积较大,热阻较低,散热效果较好。太大的电芯单元容量往往导致电芯内部的温度较高,而太小的电芯有可能使得连接部分复杂化并降低可靠性,对于超过10AH的电芯单体(如100AH),应尽量使电芯单元扁平化,同时散热通道的接触面积要大。较小的电芯单元,应保证足够的联接部分空间,避免联接部分出现因挤压而造成的虚焊、脱焊、以及短路等情况。The applicable object of the present invention is the power battery pack of the lithium electric cell that is made of soft-shell aluminum-plastic film. The lithium power battery pack is composed of a certain number of lithium power battery cell units. For hard shell batteries such as steel shells or plastic seals, not only the surface area is small, but also the thermal resistance of the battery shell material is large, so the total thermal resistance is large. Since the present invention is based on the surface of the battery as a conduction and heat dissipation path, it is not very suitable for a cylindrical battery unit with a small surface area. The battery unit is generally a thin square lithium power battery with a soft shell aluminum-plastic film, because due to its large surface area, low thermal resistance, and better heat dissipation. Too large cell unit capacity often leads to high temperature inside the cell, while too small cell may complicate the connection part and reduce reliability. For cells exceeding 10AH (such as 100AH), try to Make the cell unit flat, and at the same time, the contact area of the heat dissipation channel should be large. For smaller cell units, enough space for the connection part should be ensured to avoid virtual welding, desoldering, and short circuit caused by extrusion.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:1)可以通过独立散热通道用强制风冷或水冷来控制锂电池工作时的温度,提高锂电池的工作可靠性,避免由于电池组局部温度过热,造成锂动力电池组的热失效,并延长电池的使用寿命。从实施例来看,可将由于热不平衡所造成的寿命缩短减少30%以上。2)可以随时监测锂电池的工作温度点,当锂电池处于故障性温度过高时,可以向上位机发送故障信号,从而切断电池与主电路通路,保护锂动力电池组的整体安全。3)温度控制与电池过充过放保护可以集合在一起,既提高锂动力电池组的集成度,又可降低动力锂电池组的成本。4)利用汽车本身具有的空调系统提供温度可控的冷却风,除可用于降低电池单元温度外,在电池单元温度较低的时候,可利用空调系统提供的暖风,来加热电池单元,提高电池可靠性。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The temperature of the lithium battery during operation can be controlled by forced air cooling or water cooling through the independent heat dissipation channel, the working reliability of the lithium battery can be improved, and the local temperature of the battery pack can be avoided. Overheating, causing thermal failure of the lithium power battery pack, and prolonging the service life of the battery. From the examples, the lifetime shortening due to thermal imbalance can be reduced by more than 30%. 2) The working temperature point of the lithium battery can be monitored at any time. When the lithium battery is in a faulty temperature and the temperature is too high, a fault signal can be sent to the host computer to cut off the battery and the main circuit path to protect the overall safety of the lithium power battery pack. 3) Temperature control and battery overcharge and overdischarge protection can be integrated together, which not only improves the integration of lithium power battery packs, but also reduces the cost of power lithium battery packs. 4) Use the air-conditioning system of the car itself to provide temperature-controllable cooling air. In addition to reducing the temperature of the battery unit, when the temperature of the battery unit is low, the warm air provided by the air-conditioning system can be used to heat the battery unit and improve the battery life. battery reliability.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明总体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

图2为锂动力电池独立散热通道栅格结构示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the grid structure of the independent heat dissipation channel of the lithium power battery;

图3为动力锂电池电芯单元简化结构栅格示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a simplified structure grid of a power lithium battery cell unit;

图4为水冷方式俯视示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the water cooling method;

图5为风冷方式俯视示意图;Figure 5 is a schematic top view of the air cooling method;

图6为电池温度采集和控制系统示意图(略去电芯单元);Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the battery temperature acquisition and control system (the cell unit is omitted);

图中:包含独立散热通道构成的锂电池组电芯单元组栅架结构1、散热介质的外部驱动及通道2、温度采集和控制系统3、锂动力电池电芯栅格11,独立散热通道栅格12,电芯间支撑结构13、水热交换器20、回水管28、冷却水出水管29、水阀25、水泵27、冷却风引入口21、冷却风管22、冷却风连接管23、送风风扇24、排风风扇26、温度传感器31、温度控制和保护板32、控制执行开关33、串并联及外部控制接口34、断路器35。In the figure: Lithium battery cell unit group grid structure composed of independent heat dissipation channels 1, external drive and channel of heat dissipation medium 2, temperature acquisition and control system 3, lithium power battery cell grid 11, independent heat dissipation channel grid grid 12, support structure between cells 13, water heat exchanger 20, return pipe 28, cooling water outlet pipe 29, water valve 25, water pump 27, cooling air inlet 21, cooling air pipe 22, cooling air connecting pipe 23, Blowing fan 24 , exhaust fan 26 , temperature sensor 31 , temperature control and protection board 32 , control execution switch 33 , series-parallel connection and external control interface 34 , circuit breaker 35 .

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and processes are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementations example.

如图1所示,本实施例由以下三个部分构成:包含独立散热通道构成的锂电池组电芯单元组栅架结构1,散热介质的外部驱动及通道2,温度采集和控制系统3。其中:包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构1包括锂动力电池电芯栅格11和独立散热通道栅格12,锂动力电池电芯栅格11和独立散热通道栅格12并排连接,在空间上两种栅格相互间隔,散热通道在两端并联。散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分2设置在车辆空调系统与包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构1之间,且与包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构1散热通道的两端相连接。温度采集和控制系统3中的温度采集部分位于包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构1内,温度控制部分3独立设置在包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构1外部。As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment consists of the following three parts: grid structure 1 of lithium battery cell unit group composed of independent heat dissipation channels, external drive and channel 2 of heat dissipation medium, and temperature acquisition and control system 3 . Among them: lithium power battery pack grid assembly structure 1 composed of independent heat dissipation channels includes lithium power battery cell grid 11 and independent heat dissipation channel grid 12, lithium power battery cell grid 11 and independent heat dissipation channel grid 12 side by side The two grids are spaced apart from each other, and the heat dissipation channels are connected in parallel at both ends. The external drive and passage part 2 of the heat dissipation medium is arranged between the vehicle air conditioning system and the grid assembly structure 1 of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels, and is connected with the grid assembly structure 1 of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels. Both ends of the cooling channel are connected. The temperature acquisition part in the temperature acquisition and control system 3 is located in the grid assembly structure 1 of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels, and the temperature control part 3 is independently arranged in the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels 1 external.

1.包含独立散热通道构成的锂电池组电芯单元组栅架结构1,如图1、2所示,包括锂动力电池电芯栅格11,独立散热通道栅格12。电池电芯栅格11和独立散热通道栅格12应在空间均匀分布,且应保证散热通道与动力电池电芯的接触面积。栅格结构由金属或塑料板材制成,通过在板材上设置窗口和空洞,且窗口和空洞的面积应大于板材面积的60%,以便于电芯单元与散热介质能够充分接触。所述栅格,其高度不一致,但宽度和深度相同。若栅格高度低于单个电芯高度,则不安放铝塑薄膜动力电池电芯,只是作为独立散热通道栅格;若栅格高度大于或等于单个电芯高度,则安放铝塑薄膜动力电池电芯,作为锂动力电池电芯栅格。当铝塑薄膜动力电池电芯单元安装后,锂动力电池电芯栅格与散热栅格在正视图上为均匀分布。1. Lithium battery cell unit group grid structure 1 composed of independent heat dissipation channels, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, including lithium power battery cell grid 11 and independent heat dissipation channel grid 12. The battery cell grid 11 and the independent heat dissipation channel grid 12 should be evenly distributed in space, and the contact area between the heat dissipation channel and the power battery cell should be ensured. The grid structure is made of metal or plastic plates, and windows and cavities are set on the plates, and the area of the windows and cavities should be greater than 60% of the area of the plates, so that the battery cells can fully contact with the heat dissipation medium. The grid is not uniform in height, but has the same width and depth. If the height of the grid is lower than the height of a single cell, the aluminum-plastic film power battery cell is not placed, but it is used as an independent cooling channel grid; if the height of the grid is greater than or equal to the height of a single cell, the aluminum-plastic film power battery cell is placed Core, as a grid of lithium power battery cells. After the aluminum-plastic film power battery cell unit is installed, the lithium power battery cell grid and the heat dissipation grid are evenly distributed in the front view.

散热通道在两端并联,有风冷和水冷两种散热方式。水冷方式栅格内不开窗口,并作防水密封。锂动力电池电芯栅格11和独立散热通道栅格12并排。散热通道栅格12在通道的两端并联,包括风冷和水冷两种方式。对于较小容量的锂动力电池组,如图3所示,可以用电芯间支撑结构13简单组成散热通道12。The heat dissipation channels are connected in parallel at both ends, and there are two heat dissipation methods: air cooling and water cooling. There are no windows in the water-cooling grid, and it is waterproof and sealed. The lithium power battery cell grid 11 and the independent cooling channel grid 12 are arranged side by side. The cooling channel grid 12 is connected in parallel at both ends of the channel, including air cooling and water cooling. For a lithium power battery pack with a small capacity, as shown in FIG. 3 , the heat dissipation channel 12 can be simply composed of a support structure 13 between cells.

2.散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分2:分为水冷和风冷两种方式。对于水冷方式。2. External drive and channel part 2 of heat dissipation medium: divided into water cooling and air cooling. For water cooling.

如图4所示,水冷方式时,包括水热交换器20,冷却水出水管29,水阀25水泵27,回水管28。连接方式:热交换器20的出水口与冷却水出水管29一端相连,水阀25安装于出水管道中间,出水管另一端与各个水泵27的入口相连,水泵出口与独立散热通道一端相连,散热通道另一端和回水管一端相连,回水管另一端接热交换器的入水口。冷却水经热交换器20,出水管29,水阀25水泵27,然后流过各个独立散热通道12,然后汇入回水管29,最终回到热交换器。As shown in FIG. 4 , in the water cooling mode, it includes a water heat exchanger 20 , a cooling water outlet pipe 29 , a water valve 25 , a water pump 27 , and a water return pipe 28 . Connection method: the water outlet of the heat exchanger 20 is connected to one end of the cooling water outlet pipe 29, the water valve 25 is installed in the middle of the water outlet pipe, the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of each water pump 27, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to one end of the independent cooling channel for heat dissipation. The other end of the channel is connected to one end of the return pipe, and the other end of the return pipe is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger. The cooling water passes through the heat exchanger 20, the water outlet pipe 29, the water valve 25 and the water pump 27, then flows through each independent heat dissipation channel 12, then flows into the return pipe 29, and finally returns to the heat exchanger.

如图5所示,风冷方式时,包括冷却风引入口21,冷却风管22,冷却风连接膨胀管23,送风风扇24,排风风扇26,连接方式:空调系统的冷却风引入口21与冷却风管22一端相连,另一端与冷却风连接膨胀管23相连,送风风扇24与膨胀管出口相对,风扇24出口与独立散热通道11相连,在散热通道另一侧连接排风风扇26。空调系统的冷却风经冷却风引入口21,冷却风管22,冷却风连接管23,流入各个送风风扇24,经风扇加压后进入独立散热通道12,然后经排风风扇26排出。As shown in Figure 5, in the air-cooled mode, it includes a cooling air inlet 21, a cooling air pipe 22, a cooling air connection expansion pipe 23, an air supply fan 24, and an exhaust fan 26. The connection method: the cooling air inlet of the air conditioning system 21 is connected to one end of the cooling air pipe 22, and the other end is connected to the cooling air connection expansion pipe 23, the air supply fan 24 is opposite to the outlet of the expansion pipe, the outlet of the fan 24 is connected to the independent heat dissipation channel 11, and the exhaust fan is connected to the other side of the heat dissipation channel 26. The cooling air of the air conditioning system flows into each air supply fan 24 through the cooling air inlet 21, the cooling air pipe 22, and the cooling air connecting pipe 23, enters the independent cooling channel 12 after being pressurized by the fan, and is discharged through the exhaust fan 26.

3.温度采集和控制系统部分3:如图6所示,包括各个温度传感器31,温度控制和保护板32,以及控制执行开关33,串并联及外部控制接口34和断路器35。温度传感器31位于锂动力电池电芯栅格11内,且与电芯单元可靠接触。温度传感器31的信号,连接到各个温度控制和保护板32,温度控制和保护板对采集到的温度变量进行处理,决定相应控制策略,并输出控制信号,如风机的开关和转速信号,水泵的转速信号等。控制执行信号在输出到控制执行开关33。部分控制信号接入串并联及外部控制接口34。最终各个控制信息经串并联及外部控制接口34的对应接口与上位机连接,并控制断路器35完成保护。3. Temperature acquisition and control system part 3: as shown in FIG. 6 , it includes temperature sensors 31 , temperature control and protection boards 32 , control execution switches 33 , series-parallel and external control interfaces 34 and circuit breakers 35 . The temperature sensor 31 is located in the lithium power battery cell grid 11 and is in reliable contact with the cell unit. The signal of the temperature sensor 31 is connected to each temperature control and protection board 32. The temperature control and protection board processes the collected temperature variables, determines the corresponding control strategy, and outputs control signals, such as the switch and speed signal of the fan, and the water pump. speed signal, etc. The control execution signal is output to the control execution switch 33 . Part of the control signals are connected to the series-parallel connection and the external control interface 34 . Finally, each control information is connected to the host computer through the corresponding interface of the series-parallel connection and the external control interface 34, and the circuit breaker 35 is controlled to complete the protection.

实际应用时,一般以8-10个单元为一组确定一个控制保护器,每个控制保护器由这一组锂动力电池单元来供电,在电路上与其他组完全隔离,并通过光电耦合电路传递控制信息,并通过控制执行开关来进行冷却介质的通断和调节,这样可以做到成本较低且安全可靠。In practical applications, a control protector is generally determined as a group of 8-10 units, and each control protector is powered by this group of lithium power battery units, completely isolated from other groups in the circuit, and connected through a photoelectric coupling circuit. The control information is transmitted, and the on-off and adjustment of the cooling medium are performed by controlling the execution switch, which can achieve low cost, safety and reliability.

温度传感器安装在锂动力电池电芯栅格11内,应避免置于散热通道12内,并在空间上均匀分布。并根据电池单元的体积和堆积层数,确定温度传感器31的位置和个数。其原则为温度传感器31置于电芯单元之间,紧贴电芯单元。对锂电池组整体使用保护的断路器35(或接触器),超快融断器等等一般和电池单元的接线端在同一侧安装位置。各个温度控制和保护板32的光电通讯信号以及冷却风扇(或冷却水泵)的控制信号与上位机进行通讯。使用时,由温度传感器31检测各检测点的温度,当温度上升到设定冷却温度时,进行强制冷却控制,控制执行开关33,开启冷却风扇(或冷却水泵)控制可采用PID、滞环控制等各种控制策略。当温度升至报警值,切断锂电池组电源断路器35或输出故障信号。整个控制中与上位机保持联系。The temperature sensors are installed in the grid 11 of lithium power battery cells, and should be avoided in the heat dissipation channel 12, and should be evenly distributed in space. And according to the volume of the battery unit and the number of stacked layers, the position and number of the temperature sensors 31 are determined. The principle is that the temperature sensor 31 is placed between the battery cells and is in close contact with the battery cells. The circuit breaker 35 (or contactor) that protects the lithium battery pack as a whole, the ultra-fast fuse etc. are generally installed on the same side as the terminals of the battery unit. The photoelectric communication signals of each temperature control and protection board 32 and the control signals of the cooling fan (or cooling water pump) communicate with the host computer. During use, the temperature of each detection point is detected by the temperature sensor 31. When the temperature rises to the set cooling temperature, the forced cooling control is carried out, the execution switch 33 is controlled, and the cooling fan (or cooling water pump) is turned on. PID and hysteresis control can be used for control. and other control strategies. When the temperature rises to the alarm value, cut off the lithium battery pack power circuit breaker 35 or output a fault signal. Keep in touch with the upper computer during the whole control.

应用实施例:Application example:

某型号混合动力车辆,其电池组采用锰酸锂电池单元,共180个单元,每个单元10AH、3.6V组成110V、60AH。最初电池的温度控制和保护方法为:电池单元间用绝缘胶条隔有2-4mm的缝隙,采用向外抽风,并进行间歇通断的温度控制方法,当温度高于设定值时开启散热风扇。但经过近3个月的使用以后,由于电池单元之间缝隙较小,形不成良好的风道,锂电池在较大电流工作时产生的热量无法释放,造成局部温度过高,使得部分电池单元因高温而失效或性能下降,使得电池一致性急剧恶化。在电池单元组外围表面的温度约40℃左右,而在内部锂电池电芯的温度则会高到近60℃。而在串联电池组工作时,电池单元的参数差异(主要是内阻等参数)会使得电池单元形成连锁反应,使得差异性较大的电池提前损坏。在具体表现上,则是部分电池单元在远未达到正常使用寿命(约1000次以上)次数,仅使用约50次就发生容量降低、短路、膨胀等现象,造成电池组整组报废,损失巨大。A certain type of hybrid vehicle, its battery pack uses lithium manganese oxide battery unit, a total of 180 units, each unit 10AH, 3.6V to form 110V, 60AH. Initially, the temperature control and protection method of the battery is as follows: the battery cells are separated by 2-4mm gaps with insulating rubber strips, and the temperature control method is to draw air outwards and perform intermittent on-off. When the temperature is higher than the set value, the heat dissipation is turned on. fan. However, after nearly 3 months of use, due to the small gaps between the battery cells, a good air duct cannot be formed, and the heat generated by the lithium battery when it is working at a large current cannot be released, resulting in excessive local temperature, which makes some battery cells Failure or performance degradation due to high temperature makes the battery consistency deteriorate sharply. The temperature on the outer surface of the battery cell group is about 40°C, while the temperature of the internal lithium battery cell will be as high as nearly 60°C. When working in a series battery pack, the parameter difference of the battery cells (mainly parameters such as internal resistance) will cause the battery cells to form a chain reaction, causing the batteries with large differences to be damaged in advance. In terms of specific performance, some battery units are far from reaching the normal service life (about 1,000 times or more). After only about 50 times of use, capacity reduction, short circuit, expansion, etc. will occur, causing the entire battery pack to be scrapped and the loss is huge. .

经进行分析研究后认为,发生以上故障的问题在于电池组的散热方式。采用图1所示独立散热通道,将原锂动力电芯10AH单元,安装摆放于形成独立散热通道的新型栅架结构上。电池组的前后共安装了8个轴流风扇,4排4抽,并可以根据情况进行风量和风压的调节,布置了约20多个温度传感器,以上措施扩大了锂电池电芯单元的散热能力,并通过检测点的监测和对散热介质(本例中风量)的控制,使得电池各单元工作温度始终保持一致,其各锂动力电池单元的温度差经测量不超过5℃。After analysis and research, it is believed that the problem of the above faults lies in the heat dissipation method of the battery pack. Using the independent heat dissipation channel shown in Figure 1, the original lithium power battery 10AH unit is installed and placed on a new grid structure that forms an independent heat dissipation channel. A total of 8 axial flow fans are installed at the front and back of the battery pack, 4 rows and 4 pumps, and the air volume and air pressure can be adjusted according to the situation. More than 20 temperature sensors are arranged. The above measures expand the heat dissipation capacity of the lithium battery cell unit. , and through the monitoring of the detection point and the control of the heat dissipation medium (in this case, the air volume), the working temperature of each unit of the battery is always consistent, and the temperature difference of each lithium power battery unit is measured to be no more than 5°C.

经过改进后的车辆锂动力电池组,在经过一年的使用以及国家863电池检验中心取样检测,结果表明电池容量仍可保持在95%以上,且均通过各项安全检测,达到设计使用效果。The improved vehicle lithium power battery pack, after one year of use and the national 863 battery inspection center sampling test, the results show that the battery capacity can still be maintained at more than 95%, and all have passed various safety tests to achieve the designed use effect.

Claims (6)

1.一种动力锂电池组温度控制装置,包括:包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构、散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分、温度采集和控制系统,其特征在于:所述包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构包括锂动力电池电芯栅格和独立散热通道栅格,锂动力电池电芯栅格和独立散热通道栅格并排连接,在空间上两种栅格相互间隔,独立散热通道在两端并联,散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分设置在车辆空调系统与包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构之间,且与包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构散热通道的两端相连接,温度采集和控制系统中的温度采集部分位于包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构内,温度控制部分独立设置在包含独立散热通道构成的锂动力电池组栅架组装结构外部。1. A temperature control device for a power lithium battery pack, comprising: a lithium power battery pack grid frame assembly structure composed of an independent heat dissipation channel, an external drive of a heat dissipation medium and a channel part, a temperature acquisition and control system, characterized in that: the The grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels includes lithium power battery cell grids and independent heat dissipation channel grids, and the lithium power battery cell grids and independent heat dissipation channel grids are connected side by side. The grids are spaced apart from each other, and the independent heat dissipation channels are connected in parallel at both ends. The external drive and channel part of the heat dissipation medium is set between the vehicle air conditioning system and the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels, and is connected to the grid assembly structure containing independent heat dissipation channels. The two ends of the heat dissipation channel of the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack are connected. The temperature acquisition part of the temperature acquisition and control system is located in the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels, and the temperature control part is set independently. Outside the grid assembly structure of the lithium power battery pack composed of independent heat dissipation channels. 2.根据权利要求1所述的动力锂电池组温度控制装置,其特征是,所述栅格,其高度不一致,而宽度和深度相同。2. The temperature control device for a power lithium battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the grids have different heights but the same width and depth. 3.根据权利要求2所述的动力锂电池组温度控制装置,其特征是,所述栅格,若其高度低于单个电芯高度,则仅作为独立散热通道栅格,若其高度大于或等于单个电芯高度,则安放铝塑薄膜动力电池电芯,作为锂动力电池电芯栅格。3. The power lithium battery pack temperature control device according to claim 2, characterized in that, if the height of the grid is lower than the height of a single cell, it is only used as an independent heat dissipation channel grid, and if its height is greater than or If it is equal to the height of a single cell, the aluminum-plastic film power battery cell is placed as a lithium power battery cell grid. 4.根据权利要求1所述的动力锂电池组温度控制装置,其特征是,所述散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分包括:冷却风引入口、冷却风管、冷却风连接膨胀管、送风风扇、排风风扇,其中:冷却风引入口与冷却风管一端相连,冷却风管的另一端与冷却风连接膨胀管相连,送风风扇与冷却风连接膨胀管出口相对,送风风扇出口与独立散热通道相连,在独立散热通道另一侧连接排风风扇。4. The power lithium battery pack temperature control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the external drive and channel part of the heat dissipation medium includes: a cooling air inlet, a cooling air pipe, a cooling air connection expansion pipe, and an air supply Fan, exhaust fan, wherein: the cooling air inlet is connected to one end of the cooling air pipe, the other end of the cooling air pipe is connected to the cooling air connection expansion pipe, the air supply fan is opposite to the outlet of the cooling air connection expansion pipe, and the air supply fan outlet is connected to the The independent heat dissipation channels are connected, and the exhaust fan is connected to the other side of the independent heat dissipation channels. 5.根据权利要求1所述的动力锂电池组温度控制装置,其特征是,所述散热介质的外部驱动及通道部分包括:热交换器、冷却水出水管、水阀、水泵、回水管,热交换器的出水口与冷却水出水管一端相连,水阀安装于冷却水出水管中间,出水管另一端与各个水泵的入口相连,水泵出口与独立散热通道一端相连,独立散热通道另一端和回水管一端相连,回水管另一端接热交换器的入水口。5. The power lithium battery pack temperature control device according to claim 1, wherein the external drive and channel part of the heat dissipation medium includes: a heat exchanger, a cooling water outlet pipe, a water valve, a water pump, and a water return pipe, The water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to one end of the cooling water outlet pipe, the water valve is installed in the middle of the cooling water outlet pipe, the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of each water pump, the outlet of the water pump is connected to one end of the independent cooling channel, the other end of the independent cooling channel is One end of the return pipe is connected, and the other end of the return pipe is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger. 6.根据权利要求1所述的动力锂电池组温度控制装置,其特征是,所述电池电芯栅格和独立散热通道栅格在空间均匀分布。6. The temperature control device for a power lithium battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the battery cell grid and the independent heat dissipation channel grid are evenly distributed in space.
CN 200710047693 2007-11-01 2007-11-01 Power lithium battery pack temperature control device Expired - Fee Related CN100495280C (en)

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