CN110752416A - Lithium battery pack thermal management system and control method - Google Patents

Lithium battery pack thermal management system and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110752416A
CN110752416A CN201911023781.5A CN201911023781A CN110752416A CN 110752416 A CN110752416 A CN 110752416A CN 201911023781 A CN201911023781 A CN 201911023781A CN 110752416 A CN110752416 A CN 110752416A
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battery pack
water
temperature
controller
lithium battery
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CN201911023781.5A
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CN110752416B (en
Inventor
全睿
吴帆
王成继
常雨芳
谭保华
黄文聪
曾亮
王珊珊
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Hubei University of Technology
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Hubei University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium battery pack thermal management system, which comprises a battery pack, a sealing heat preservation device, a heating device and a cooling device, wherein the voltage, the current and the temperature of each single battery are detected in real time, the SOC and the SOH value of the battery pack are estimated in real time, a radiator and a water pump are controlled to cool the battery pack when the temperature of the single battery is higher, the radiator and the water pump are closed when the ambient temperature is lower, the temperature of the battery pack is maintained above zero by the sealing heat preservation device and the heating device, the electric energy output of the battery pack is automatically cut off when the thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, and a management unit controls a fire extinguisher to carry out quick fire extinguishing operation. Meanwhile, when the temperature of the battery pack is too high and the temperature probe in the self-protection compound switch detects that the temperature is too high, the temperature switch is automatically switched off to form self-protection. The system can control the working temperature of the lithium battery to be 5-50 ℃, early warning is carried out on the SOH value and the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, self protection is carried out when the thermal runaway occurs, spontaneous combustion and fire accidents are prevented, and the safety of the pure electric vehicle can be improved.

Description

Lithium battery pack thermal management system and control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium battery pack thermal management system and a control method.
Background
The lithium ion power battery is used as a main flow power source of the electric automobile and has the characteristic of high specific energy. At present, the power batteries for the automobile mostly adopt a large number of small-capacity batteries for series-parallel connection grouping so as to meet the requirement of high energy, so that the safety problem of an automobile power battery system is not only the safety problem of a battery monomer but also the safety problem of battery grouping. In recent automobile power battery accidents, a large amount of heat is generated after a certain battery monomer in a battery pack is subjected to thermal runaway, so that the peripheral battery monomers are heated to generate the thermal runaway. Because the thermal management technology of the battery thermal runaway is not mature enough at present, accidents such as spontaneous combustion explosion of various new energy electric vehicles and the like can be seen in life frequently.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a lithium battery pack thermal management system and a control method thereof, which can detect the voltage, current and temperature of each single battery in a battery pack in real time to adjust the internal temperature of the battery pack in real time, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the heat management system for the lithium battery pack comprises the battery pack, a sealing and heat-insulating device, a heating device and a cooling device, wherein the battery pack is arranged in the sealing and heat-insulating device, and a power supply end of the heating device and a power supply end of the cooling device are connected with a total output end of the battery pack; the battery pack comprises two lithium battery modules, each lithium battery module comprises a plurality of monocells, the monocells are connected in series through monocell electrode connecting pieces, the total positive pole of one lithium battery module is connected in series with the total negative pole of the other lithium battery module through inter-module electrode connecting pieces, a wiring bar is installed between the two lithium battery modules, and the voltage output ends of all the monocells are connected with the input end of the wiring bar; a voltage current sensor is arranged on the voltage output end of each single battery;
the cooling device comprises a radiator, water pumps and water cooling plates with the same number as that of the lithium battery modules, each water cooling plate comprises a water cooling transverse plate and a plurality of water cooling vertical plates, the plurality of water cooling vertical plates are uniform along the length direction of the water cooling transverse plate and are all arranged in a matrix form orthogonal to the water cooling transverse plate, and all single batteries of each lithium battery module are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the matrix space of the corresponding water cooling plate; the water inlet of each water-cooling plate is connected with the outlet of the radiator, and the water outlet of each water-cooling plate is connected with the inlet of the radiator through a water pump so as to form a cooling water loop;
the heating device comprises PTC heating films, temperature sensors and heat conducting films, the heat conducting films are attached to the front and rear surfaces of the water-cooling transverse plates of each water-cooling plate, and each single cell is attached with one PTC heating film and one temperature sensor;
all temperature sensors and all PTC heating films are connected with the input end of the wiring bank through leads.
Furthermore, sealed heat preservation device includes box and lower box, goes up box and box internal surface down and all pastes from inside to outside and has heat insulating material layer and phase transition heat-retaining material layer.
Further, still include extinguishing device, extinguishing device includes fire extinguisher and fire alarm, the fire extinguisher is installed the top of last box is inboard go up on the box and be located a fire alarm is respectively installed to the both sides of fire extinguisher, a fire alarm is all installed to four inside sides of box down.
Further, still include the self preservation and protect the blend switch, the self preservation protects blend switch including contactor, temperature detect switch and the fuse of establishing ties in proper order, the total output of battery package with the input of self preservation protects the blend switch links to each other, the temperature detect switch temperature control probe of self preservation protects the switch is installed in the middle of two battery packages.
The controller is further included, the output end of the wiring bank is connected with an IO interface of the controller, all the voltage and current sensors are connected with an A/D acquisition port of the controller, and the water pump and the radiator are connected with a PWM output interface of the controller.
Furthermore, the fire alarm is connected with an A/D acquisition port of the controller, and the fire extinguisher is connected with an IO interface of the controller.
Further, the contactor of the self-protection composite switch is connected with an IO interface of the controller.
Furthermore, every the water inlet of water-cooling board passes through inside water pipe and links to each other with the water inlet water knockout drum, every the delivery port of water-cooling board passes through inside water pipe and links to each other with the delivery port water knockout drum, the water inlet joint of water inlet water knockout drum pass through outside water pipe with the radiator export links to each other, thereby the delivery port joint of delivery port water knockout drum pass through water pump, outside water pipe with the radiator import links to each other and forms the cooling water return circuit.
The control method of the lithium battery pack thermal management system comprises the following steps:
the A/D acquisition port of the controller acquires current and voltage values of all the monocells, the controller calculates the SOC and SOH values of each monocell in real time, if the voltage of the monocell is abnormal, the IO interface of the controller controls the self-protection compound switch to be switched off, and if the voltage of the monocell is normal, the current and voltage of the monocell are continuously acquired.
The IO interface of the controller collects the temperature of all the temperature sensors, the collected temperature is compared with the preset temperature of the controller, if the collected temperature is greater than the upper limit value of the preset temperature, the PWM output port of the controller controls the water pump and the radiator to be started, and the IO interface controls the PTC heating film to be closed; if the temperature rise change rate acquired in real time is larger than the upper limit value of the preset temperature rise change rate, the controller judges that the battery pack is out of control due to heat, audible and visual alarm prompt is carried out, and an IO interface of the controller controls the fire extinguisher to be opened and controls the contactor in the self-protection composite switch to be disconnected; meanwhile, if the temperature control probe of the temperature control switch in the self-protection composite switch detects that the temperature of the battery pack is too high, the temperature control switch is automatically switched off, and over-temperature self-protection is formed. If the collected temperature is lower than the preset temperature lower limit value, an IO interface of the controller controls the PTC heating film to be opened, the output end of the battery pack provides power, a PWM output port controls the water pump and the radiator to be closed, and the temperature of the battery pack is maintained above zero by utilizing the heat insulation material layer and the phase change heat storage material layer;
the A/D acquisition port of the controller acquires a fire alarm signal, if the controller receives smoke and fire signals, the contactor of the self-protection composite switch is controlled to cut off the electric energy output of the battery pack, and meanwhile, the IO interface of the controller controls the fire extinguisher to be opened.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the lithium battery pack thermal management system detects the voltage, the current and the temperature of each single battery in real time, estimates the SOC and the SOH value of the battery pack in real time, comprehensively analyzes and warns the thermal runaway state of the battery pack, controls the radiator and the water pump to cool the battery pack when the temperature of the single battery is higher, closes the radiator and the water pump when the ambient temperature is lower, simultaneously maintains the temperature of the battery pack above zero by the sealing and heat-preserving device and the heating device, automatically cuts off the electric energy output of the battery pack when the thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, controls the fire extinguisher to carry out quick fire extinguishing operation by the management unit, can control the working temperature of the lithium battery to be between 5 and 50 ℃, and warns the SOH value and the thermal runaway in advance, carries out self-protection when the thermal runaway occurs, prevents spontaneous combustion and fire accidents from occurring, and can improve the safety of a pure electric vehicle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the lithium battery pack thermal management system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an external schematic view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the inside of the upper case of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the battery pack in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the water cooling plate of fig. 4.
FIG. 7 is a control flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic connection diagram of the self-protection combination switch in fig. 1.
The device comprises a radiator 1, an external water pipe 1a, a water pump 2, a battery pack 3, a lithium battery module 4, a water-cooling plate 41, a water-cooling plate outlet 41a, a water-cooling plate transverse plate 41b, a water-cooling plate vertical plate 41c, a water-cooling plate inlet 41d, an electrode connecting sheet 42, a single cell 43, a heat conducting film 44, a PTC heating film 45, a wiring row 5, a controller 6, a fire alarm 7, a temperature sensor 8, a voltage and current sensor 9, a fire extinguisher 10, a self-protection combination switch 11, a water inlet connector 12, an internal water pipe 12b, a water separator 12c, a heat insulation material layer 13, a phase-change heat storage material layer 13a, a sealed heat preservation device 14, an upper box body 14a, a lower box body 14.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lithium battery pack heat management system comprises a battery pack 3, a sealed heat preservation device 14, a heating device, a cooling device, a controller 6, a self-protection combination switch 11 and a fire extinguishing device, wherein the sealed heat preservation device comprises an upper box body 14a and a lower box body 14b, a heat insulation material layer 13 and a phase change heat storage material layer 13a are respectively attached to the inner surfaces of the upper box body 14a and the lower box body 14b from inside to outside, the phase change heat storage material layer 13a absorbs heat generated when the battery pack 3 works, and the phase change heat storage material layer 13a has a heat preservation effect under the action of the heat insulation material layer 13.
As shown in the figures 4 and 5, the battery pack 3 is arranged in the sealed heat preservation device, the heating device and the cooling device are arranged among the monocells 43 of the battery pack 3, the controller 6 and the self-protection combination switch 11 are arranged outside the sealed heat preservation device, the power supply end of the controller 6, the power supply end of the heating device, the power supply end of the cooling device and the output end of the self-protection combination switch 11 are all connected with the total output end of the battery pack 3, and the fire extinguishing device is arranged on the inner side of the top of the sealed heat preservation device.
The battery pack 3 comprises two lithium battery modules 4, each lithium battery module comprises a plurality of single batteries 43, the single batteries 43 are connected in series through electrode connecting sheets 42, the total positive electrode of one lithium battery module 4 is connected in series with the total negative electrode of the other lithium battery module 4 through an inter-module electrode connecting sheet 15, and the wiring bar 5 is arranged between the two lithium battery modules 4; in addition, one voltage current sensor 9 is mounted on the voltage output terminal of each single cell 43.
As shown in fig. 6, the cooling device includes a heat sink 1, water pump 2 and the same number of water-cooling plates 41 as the number of lithium battery modules 4, heat sink 1, water pump 2 is all installed on the lateral surface of lower box 14b, each water-cooling plate 41 includes a water-cooling transverse plate 41b and a plurality of water-cooling vertical plates 41c, a plurality of water-cooling vertical plates 41c are arranged along the length direction of water-cooling transverse plate 41b uniformly and all orthogonally with water-cooling transverse plate 41b in a matrix form, all monocells 43 of each lithium battery module are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the matrix space of corresponding water-cooling plate 41 (i.e. all monocells in the lithium battery module are also arranged in a corresponding matrix), thereby fixedly installing water-cooling plates 41. The water inlet 41d of each water-cooling plate 41 is connected with the water inlet water separator 12c through the internal water pipe 12b, the water outlet 41a of each water-cooling plate 41 is connected with the water outlet water separator 12c through the internal water pipe 12b, the water inlet joint 12 of the water inlet water separator 12c is connected with the outlet of the radiator 1 through the external water pipe 1a, and the water outlet joint of the water outlet water separator 12c is connected with the inlet of the radiator 1 through the water pump 2 and the external water pipe, so that a cooling water loop is formed.
The heating device comprises PTC heating films 45, temperature sensors 8 and heat conducting films 44, wherein the heat conducting films 44 are attached to the front and back surfaces of the water cooling transverse plate 41b of each water cooling plate 41, and one PTC heating film 45 and one temperature sensor 8 are attached to each single cell 43.
Referring to fig. 3, the fire extinguishing apparatus includes a fire extinguisher 10 and a fire alarm 7, the fire extinguisher 10 is installed on the battery pack 3 at the inner side of the top of the upper box 14a, the fire alarm 7 is respectively installed on two sides of the upper box 14a, and the fire alarm 7 is installed on four inner sides of the lower box 14 b.
The controller 6 is arranged on the outer side surface of the lower box body 14b, and the controller is a programmable logic controller and comprises an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), an A/D (analog/digital) acquisition port, an IO (input/output) interface and a PWM (pulse width modulation) output interface; the self-protection composite switch 11 comprises a contactor, a temperature control switch and a fuse which are sequentially connected in series, the total output end of the battery pack is connected with the input end of the self-protection composite switch 11, and the IO interface of the controller is connected with the contactor. As shown in fig. 8, the temperature control switch inside the protection combination switch 11 has its temperature probe embedded in the middle of the battery pack 3, and when the temperature probe detects that the temperature in the middle area of the battery pack is too high, the temperature control switch inside automatically turns off to cut off the output of the battery pack 3; when the battery in the battery pack 3 has short circuit and overcurrent faults, the fuse in the self-protection combination switch is fused, and the self-protection function is achieved.
All the temperature sensors 8, the voltage output ends of all the monocells and all the PTC heating films 45 are connected with the input end of the wiring bar 5 through wires, the output end of the wiring bar 5, a contactor of the self-protection combination switch 11 and a fire extinguisher 10 are connected with an IO interface of the controller 6, all the voltage and current sensors 9 and the fire alarm 7 are connected with an A/D acquisition port of the controller 6, and the water pump 2 and the radiator 1 are connected with a PWM output interface of the controller 6.
As shown in fig. 7, the control process of the lithium battery pack thermal management system is as follows:
the A/D acquisition port of the controller acquires the current and voltage values of all the single cells 43, the controller 6 calculates the SOC and SOH values of each single cell 43 in real time, if the voltage of the single cell 43 is abnormal, the IO interface of the controller controls the self-protection compound switch to be switched off, and if the voltage of the single cell 43 is normal, the current and voltage of the single cell 43 are continuously acquired.
Meanwhile, the IO interface of the controller 6 collects the temperature of all the temperature sensors 8, the collected temperature is compared with the preset temperature of the controller 6, if the collected temperature is greater than the upper limit value of the preset temperature, the PWM output port of the controller 6 controls the water pump 2 and the radiator 1 to be started, and the IO interface controls the PTC heating film 45 to be closed; if the temperature rise change rate acquired in real time is greater than the upper limit value of the preset temperature rise change rate, the controller 6 judges that the battery pack is out of control due to heat, sound and light alarm prompt is carried out, and an IO interface of the controller 6 controls the fire extinguisher 10 to be started and controls the contactor in the self-protection composite switch 11 to be disconnected; disconnecting; meanwhile, if the temperature control probe of the temperature control switch in the self-protection composite switch 11 detects that the temperature is too high, the temperature control switch is automatically switched off to form self-protection. If the collected temperature is lower than the preset temperature lower limit value, an IO interface of the controller controls the PTC heating film to be opened, the output end of the battery pack 3 provides power, a PWM output port controls the water pump 2 and the radiator 1 to be closed, and the temperature of the battery pack 3 is maintained above zero by utilizing the heat insulation material layer 13 and the phase change heat storage material layer 13 a;
the A/D acquisition port of the controller 6 acquires signals of the fire alarm 7, if the controller 6 receives smoke and fire signals, the self-protection combination switch 11 is controlled to automatically cut off the electric energy output of the battery pack 3, and meanwhile, the IO interface of the controller 6 controls the fire extinguisher to be opened.
When the battery pack 3 works, the temperature sensor 8 and the voltage and current sensor 9 acquire the temperature and the output voltage value corresponding to each single cell 43 in real time, when the highest temperature of the single cells 43 of the battery pack 3 exceeds the set upper limit temperature, the PWM output interface of the controller outputs a PWM signal to adjust the rotating speed of the water pump 2 of the radiator 1, the battery pack 3 is cooled, and when the highest temperature of the single cells 43 is lower than the set temperature, the radiator 1 and the water pump 2 are closed;
when the battery pack is in an off-state, the battery pack 3 is firstly insulated by the sealed insulation device, and the phase-change heat storage material 13a absorbs heat generated when the battery pack 3 works and plays a role in insulation under the action of the heat insulation material 13; when the lowest temperature of the single cells 43 is lower than the preset lower temperature limit value, the IO interface of the controller controls the PTC heating film to be opened so that the lowest temperature of the single cells 43 is increased to be higher than the preset lower temperature limit value.
The controller estimates the SOC value and SOH value of the battery pack by detecting the output voltage value and output current value of each single battery 43, and if the SOC value is lower than a preset lower limit value and the SOC value is higher than a preset upper limit value, the IO interface of the controller controls the self-protection combination switch 11 to be turned off.

Claims (9)

1. A lithium battery pack thermal management system comprises a battery pack (3), a sealed heat preservation device (14), a heating device and a cooling device, wherein the battery pack (3) is installed inside the sealed heat preservation device (14), and a power supply end of the heating device and a power supply end of the cooling device are both connected with a total output end of the battery pack (3); the battery pack (3) comprises two lithium battery modules (4), each lithium battery module (4) comprises a plurality of single batteries (43), the single batteries (43) are connected in series through single battery electrode connecting sheets (42), the total positive pole of one lithium battery module (4) is connected in series with the total negative pole of the other lithium battery module (4) through inter-module electrode connecting sheets (15), a wiring bar (5) is installed between the two lithium battery modules (4), and the voltage output ends of all the single batteries (43) are connected with the input end of the wiring bar (5); the method is characterized in that: a voltage and current sensor (9) is arranged on the voltage output end of each single battery (43);
the cooling device comprises radiators (1), water pumps (2) and water cooling plates (41) with the same number as that of the lithium battery modules (4), each water cooling plate (41) comprises a water cooling transverse plate (41b) and a plurality of water cooling vertical plates (41c), the plurality of water cooling vertical plates (41c) are uniform along the length direction of the water cooling transverse plate (41b) and are arranged in a matrix form orthogonal to the water cooling transverse plate (41b), and all single batteries (43) of each lithium battery module (4) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the matrix space of the corresponding water cooling plate (41); the water inlet (41d) of each water-cooling plate (41) is connected with the outlet of the radiator (1), and the water outlet (41a) of each water-cooling plate (41) is connected with the inlet of the radiator (1) through a water pump (2) so as to form a cooling water loop;
the heating device comprises PTC heating films (45), temperature sensors (8) and heat conducting films (44), the heat conducting films (44) are attached to the front and rear surfaces of the water cooling transverse plate (41b) of each water cooling plate (41), and each single cell (43) is attached with one PTC heating film (45) and one temperature sensor (8);
all temperature sensors (8) and all PTC heating films (45) are connected with the input end of the wiring bank (5) through leads.
2. The thermal management system for a lithium battery pack of claim 1, wherein: the sealed heat preservation device (14) comprises an upper box body (14a) and a lower box body (14b), wherein a heat insulation material layer (13) and a phase change heat storage material layer (13a) are attached to the inner surfaces of the upper box body (14a) and the lower box body (14b) from inside to outside.
3. The thermal management system for a lithium battery pack of claim 2, wherein: still include extinguishing device, extinguishing device includes fire extinguisher (10) and fire alarm (7), fire extinguisher (10) are installed go up the top inboard of box (14a) go up and be located on box (14a) a fire alarm (7) are respectively installed to the both sides of fire extinguisher (10), a fire alarm (7) are all installed to four inside sides of box (14b) down.
4. The thermal management system for a lithium battery pack of claim 1, wherein: still include self preservation and protect combination switch (11), self preservation protects combination switch (11) including contactor, temperature detect switch and the fuse that connects gradually in series, the total output of battery package (3) with the input of self preservation protects combination switch (11) links to each other.
5. The thermal management system for a lithium battery pack of claim 1, wherein: the intelligent water pump and radiator combination is characterized by further comprising a controller (6), wherein the output end of the wiring bar (5) is connected with an IO (input/output) interface of the controller (6), all voltage and current sensors (9) are connected with an A/D (analog/digital) acquisition port of the controller (6), and the water pump (2) and the radiator (1) are connected with a PWM (pulse-width modulation) output interface of the controller (6).
6. The thermal management system for a lithium battery pack of claim 3, wherein: the fire alarm is connected with an A/D acquisition port of the controller (6), and the fire extinguisher (10) is connected with an IO interface of the controller (6).
7. The thermal management system for a lithium battery pack of claim 4, wherein: the contactor of the self-protection composite switch (11) is connected with an IO interface of the controller (6), and a temperature probe of a temperature control switch in the self-protection composite switch (11) is installed between the two battery packs.
8. The thermal management system for a lithium battery pack of claim 1, wherein: every water inlet (41d) of water-cooling board (41) link to each other with water inlet water knockout drum (12c) through inside water pipe (12b), every delivery port (41a) of water-cooling board (41) link to each other with the delivery port water knockout drum through inside water pipe (12b), the water inlet joint (12) of water inlet water knockout drum (12c) through outside water pipe (1a) with radiator (1) export links to each other, the delivery port joint of delivery port water knockout drum (12c) through water pump (2), outside water pipe (1a) with thereby radiator (1) import links to each other and forms the cooling water return circuit.
9. A control method of the heat management system of the lithium battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the control method comprises the following steps:
the A/D acquisition port of the controller (6) acquires current and voltage values of all the single batteries, the controller (6) calculates the SOC and SOH values of each single battery (43) in real time, if the voltage of the single battery (43) is abnormal, the IO interface of the controller (6) controls the self-protection composite switch (11) to be switched off, and if the voltage of the single battery (43) is normal, the current and voltage of the single battery (43) continues to be acquired.
The temperature of all temperature sensors (8) is collected by an IO interface of the controller (6), the collected temperature is compared with the preset temperature of the controller (6), if the collected temperature is larger than the upper limit value of the preset temperature, a PWM (pulse width modulation) output port of the controller (6) controls the water pump (2) and the radiator (1) to be started, and the IO interface controls the PTC heating film (45) to be closed; if the highest temperature rising change rate of a certain single cell (43) acquired in real time is larger than the upper limit value of the preset temperature rising change rate, the controller (6) judges that the battery pack (3) is out of control due to heat, audible and visual alarm prompt is carried out, an IO interface of the controller (6) controls the fire extinguisher (10) to be started and the self-protection composite switch (11) to be disconnected, and meanwhile, the water pump (2) and the radiator (1) are controlled to be started through a PWM (pulse-width modulation) output port until the highest temperature rising change rate of the single cell (43) is lower than the upper limit value of the preset; if the collected temperature is lower than the preset temperature lower limit value, an IO interface of the controller (6) controls the PTC heating film (45) to be opened, the output end of the battery pack (3) provides power, a PWM output port controls the water pump (2) and the radiator (1) to be closed, and the temperature of the battery pack (3) is maintained above zero by utilizing the heat insulation material layer (13) and the phase change heat storage material layer (13 a);
A/D acquisition port of the controller (6) acquires signals of a fire alarm (7), if the controller (6) receives smoke and fire signals, a contactor of the self-protection composite switch (11) is controlled to cut off the electric energy output of the battery pack (3), and meanwhile, an IO interface of the controller (6) controls the fire extinguisher (10) to be opened.
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CN111544800A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-08-18 安徽安凯汽车股份有限公司 Fire extinguisher control device of power battery box
CN111544800B (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-04-20 安徽安凯汽车股份有限公司 Fire extinguisher control device of power battery box
CN111697277A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-09-22 广州嘉宇新能源有限公司 Battery leakage-proof device for electric automobile
CN112467236A (en) * 2020-09-17 2021-03-09 北京理工大学 Grading safety early warning method under lithium ion battery life cycle
CN112467236B (en) * 2020-09-17 2021-11-05 北京理工大学 Grading safety early warning method under lithium ion battery life cycle
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CN113437399A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-09-24 华南理工大学 Thermal management system for regulating and controlling electrode temperature of power battery module
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CN113690530A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-11-23 深圳市赛航科技有限公司 Lithium battery pack heat management system and management method thereof
CN113690530B (en) * 2021-08-25 2022-03-15 深圳市赛航科技有限公司 Lithium battery pack heat management system and management method thereof
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CN116487765A (en) * 2023-06-20 2023-07-25 宁波齐云新材料技术有限公司 High-integration multi-layer lithium battery pack water-cooling packaging plate and processing method thereof
CN116487765B (en) * 2023-06-20 2023-09-26 宁波齐云新材料技术有限公司 High-integration multi-layer lithium battery pack water-cooling packaging plate and processing method thereof
CN117523809A (en) * 2024-01-08 2024-02-06 四川千页科技股份有限公司 Fire monitoring, evaluating and managing method for lithium ion battery energy storage station
CN117523809B (en) * 2024-01-08 2024-03-12 四川千页科技股份有限公司 Fire monitoring, evaluating and managing method for lithium ion battery energy storage station

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