KR102480842B1 - fire extinguishing apparatus for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery fire extinguishing apparatus for fire safety for an electric vehicle, which comprises: a temperature sensor which measures the temperature of a battery mounted on an electric vehicle; a smoke detection sensor which detects smoke from organic compounds generated during thermal runaway of the battery; a hydrogen gas sensor which detects hydrogen gas; a VOC sensor which detects volatile organic compound (VOC) gas; a carbon monoxide sensor which detects carbon monoxide; a swelling detection sensor which detects a swelling phenomenon occurring in the battery; a fire extinguishing agent supply unit which sprays fire extinguishing agents to the battery; an emergency cooling device which cools the battery by circulating coolant; and a control unit which determines whether to take battery protection measures using signals output from the temperature sensor, the smoke detection sensor, the hydrogen gas sensor, the VOC sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor, and the swelling detection sensor, and controls, according to a determined protection measure determination step, the fire extinguishing agent supply unit, the emergency cooling device, and a power switch electrically connected to the battery and blocking charging or discharging currents by turning off the switch. The battery fire extinguishing apparatus for fire safety for an electric vehicle can detect the battery thermal runaway by stage and support safety measures for each stage of thermal runaway, thereby minimizing damage from fire accidents in the electric vehicle.

Description

Battery fire extinguishing apparatus for fire safety for electric vehicle {fire extinguishing apparatus for electric vehicle}

The present invention relates to a battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for an electric vehicle constructed to perform safety measures for each step of thermal runaway of a battery.

In general, ESS (Energy Storage System) refers to an energy storage system, and as a device that makes it possible to reuse stored electrical energy when necessary, it improves the utilization of new and renewable energy by storing electrical energy in a battery system and using it when needed It can promote the stabilization of the power supply system and is used as an eco-friendly and efficient energy source by applying it to various fields that supply electric energy.

Similarly, an electric vehicle battery pack is an electrical energy storage device that stores electric energy necessary for driving an electric vehicle in a battery system and uses it while driving.

ESS and electric vehicle battery packs mainly consist of a battery system that stores power, a power converter that converts electricity into alternating current or direct current, and an energy management system (EMS) that manages and controls the entire energy system.

Among them, electrochemical lithium-ion batteries are mainly used for batteries used in battery systems that store power. When the internal temperature and pressure increase, not only the internal temperature rises, but also the electrolyte decomposition gas and flammable smoke are released, and if the thermal runaway continues, there is a risk of a chain explosion of the battery system.

For this reason, the battery management system (BMS) is responsible for managing and monitoring the battery so that the battery system can be used safely.

BMS (Battery Management System) is an electronic system that maintains and manages battery cells, modules, racks, or battery packs. It is a device that manages the battery system, such as communication with devices, so that it can be used safely while demonstrating optimal performance.

The main function and role of the BMS is to safely manage battery use, notify or control battery operation information to the outside, provide information on the charge amount of battery cells during charging and discharging, and in case of overcharging or overdischarging, the terminal voltage exceeds a certain value. or below, the function to automatically cut off and control the charging and discharging current, control the state of charge of unbalanced cells between cells to a balanced state of charge through cell balancing, and monitor the temperature of the battery cell at all times to provide the information perform the function provided. In other words, a lithium ion battery must be managed by a BMS that prevents the voltage from rising above a certain level during charging and does not fall below a certain level during discharging to ensure a long service life.

However, in spite of these safety management protection functions, it is eventually caused by continuous electrical, physical, or chemical stress factors applied to the battery due to manufacturing defects, carelessness during installation, changes in the operating environment, and incongruity in integrated operation between connected devices and systems. Damage and abnormality may occur inside the battery cell.

For example, since the 2000s when electric vehicles began to spread due to careless protection system design and insufficient management, electric vehicle battery fire accidents have occurred continuously at home and abroad, and the damage amounts to tens of billions of dollars. As a result, anxiety about battery fires is reflected, and the domestic and overseas electric vehicle market is giving a sense of crisis overall, and it is a major stumbling block in the electric vehicle industry. Improvement of safety and reliability is more urgent than anything else.

Various methods, such as Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0096889, have been proposed for detecting fire in lithium-ion batteries. there is.

In particular, as the supply of electric vehicles has recently been expanding, a method for more effectively performing safety measures by classifying the battery installed in the electric vehicle according to the stage of thermal runaway is required.

The present invention was devised to solve the above requirements, and it is possible to distinguish and detect the progress of thermal runaway of a battery applied as a power supply source to an electric vehicle, and to perform safety measures correspondingly for each stage of thermal runaway to avoid damage. The purpose is to provide a battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for electric vehicles that supports to minimize

In order to achieve the above object, the battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety of an electric vehicle according to the present invention is a battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety of a battery mounted in an electric vehicle, which measures the temperature of the battery mounted in the electric vehicle a temperature sensor; a smoke sensor for detecting smoke of an organic compound generated during thermal runaway of the battery; a hydrogen gas sensor for detecting hydrogen gas generated from the battery; a VOC sensor for detecting volatile organic compound (VOC) gas; a carbon monoxide sensor for detecting carbon monoxide generated in the battery; a swelling detection sensor for detecting a swelling phenomenon generated in the battery; a fire extinguishing agent supply unit capable of injecting a fire extinguishing agent into the battery; an emergency cooling device capable of cooling the battery by circulation of cooling water; Using signals output from the temperature sensor, the smoke sensor, the hydrogen gas sensor, the VOC sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor, and the swelling detection sensor, it is determined whether or not to take protective measures for the battery, and electrically connects it to the battery. It is wired so as to cut off the charging current or discharging current by switching off, and a control unit that controls the emergency cooling device and the fire extinguishing agent supply unit in accordance with the determined protective action decision step.

Preferably, the control unit outputs a fire alarm signal when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor corresponds to a set first protective action temperature range and the VOC detection signal received from the VOC sensor corresponds to the first step, and When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor corresponds to the second protective action temperature range set higher than the first protective action temperature and the hydrogen gas detection signal received from the hydrogen gas sensor corresponds to the set second step, the power switch is turned off. Control.

In addition, the control unit determines that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor corresponds to a third protective action temperature range set higher than the second protective action temperature range, and the hydrogen gas detection signal received from the hydrogen gas sensor and the swelling When the battery expansion information received from the detection sensor corresponds to the set third step, the emergency cooling device is controlled so that the cooling water cools the battery, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is set higher than the third protective action temperature range. If it corresponds to a fourth protective action temperature range and it is determined that the smoke detection signal received from the smoke detection sensor and the carbon monoxide detection signal received from the carbon monoxide sensor correspond to the fourth step, the power switch is controlled to be turned off, The fire extinguishing agent supply unit is controlled so that the fire extinguishing agent is injected from the fire extinguishing agent supply unit to extinguish the battery while maintaining the operation state of the emergency cooling device.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent supply unit and a storage tank filled with fire extinguishing agent; a fire extinguishing agent supply pipe connected to the storage tank and extending to the battery to supply the fire extinguishing agent; a fire extinguishing agent supply valve controlled by the control unit to supply or block the fire extinguishing agent filled in the storage tank to the extinguishing agent supply pipe; and spray nozzles spaced apart from each other in the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe and spraying the fire extinguishing agent, and the spray nozzles are formed with a plurality of spray holes at equal intervals along a circumferential direction.

More preferably, a fire extinguishing agent pressure detection sensor for detecting the pressure of the fire extinguishing agent stored in the storage tank; further provided, wherein the control unit detects the fire extinguishing agent pressure detection sensor in a state in which the extinguishing agent supply valve is blocked. If the pressure is lower than the reference pressure range, it is determined that the fire extinguishing agent leaks, and the fire extinguishing agent leakage message is transmitted to the user terminal registered through the communication unit, and the spray nozzle is controlled by the control unit to rotate 360 degrees. , The fire extinguishing agent is applied that can be ejected in the form of a gas through the injection nozzle, and the emergency cooling window is a reservoir tank in which cooling water is stored; a first pump installed to pump cooling water stored in the reservoir tank and transported through a main supply pipe to a first supply pipe branched from the main supply pipe to supply and cool the cooling water to the battery; a second pump installed on a second supply pipe formed to cool the battery by branching from the main supply pipe to a path different from that of the first supply pipe; and a cooling unit for cooling the cooling water circulated through the main supply pipe, wherein the cooling water flowing out through the first supply pipe and the second supply pipe is connected to the main supply pipe to be recovered and circulated. In the operation mode, the cooling water is circulated through the first supply pipe, and in the third step, the second pump is also operated so that the cooling water is supplied to the second supply pipe.

According to the battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for an electric vehicle according to the present invention, it is possible to classify and detect battery thermal runaway for each step, and to support safety measures for each step of thermal runaway, thereby causing a fire accident in an electric vehicle. It provides the advantage of minimizing damage.

1 is a side view showing an electric vehicle to which a fire extinguishing device according to the present invention is applied;
Figure 2 is a view showing a partial excerpt to explain the arrangement structure of the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe of the fire extinguishing device of Figure 1,
3 is a block diagram showing a control system of the fire extinguishing device of FIG. 1;
Figure 4 is a flow diagram showing the digestion process by the control unit of Figure 3,
5 is a view showing an example of the emergency cooling device of FIG. 3 .

Hereinafter, a battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a side view showing an electric vehicle to which a fire extinguishing device according to the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a view showing a partial excerpt to explain the arrangement structure of the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe of the fire extinguishing device of FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a block diagram showing the control system of the fire extinguishing system of 1.

1 to 3, the fire extinguishing device 100 according to the present invention includes a temperature sensor 121, a smoke sensor 123, a hydrogen gas sensor 125, a VOC sensor 127, a carbon monoxide sensor 129 , A battery swelling detection sensor 131, a fire extinguishing agent supply unit 150, an emergency cooling device 170 and a control unit 180 are provided.

The temperature sensor 121 measures the temperature of the battery 20 mounted in the electric vehicle 10 and provides it to the controller 185 . Here, the battery 20 is mounted on the electric vehicle 20 to supply power to driving elements including a driving motor (not shown) of the electric vehicle 10, and is provided through various types of cases such as dedicated trays or enclosures. can be fitted The battery 20 is typically mounted in a space under the frame between the front and rear wheels of the electric vehicle 10 .

It is preferable that a plurality of temperature sensors 121 are installed spaced apart from each other with respect to the distribution area of the battery 20 together with the swelling sensor 131 to be described later.

The smoke sensor 123 detects smoke generated by the battery 20 and provides information about the detected amount of smoke to the controller 185 .

The hydrogen gas sensor 125 detects hydrogen gas generated from the battery and provides the detected hydrogen concentration to the controller 185 .

The VOC sensor 127 detects a volatile organic compound (VOC) gas generated by the battery 20 and provides the detected concentration of the volatile organic compound to the controller 185 .

The carbon monoxide sensor 129 detects carbon monoxide (CO) generated in the battery 20 and provides the detected carbon monoxide concentration to the control unit 185 .

The swelling detection sensor 131 detects swelling of the battery 20, that is, expansion, and provides the result to the control unit 185. The battery swelling detection sensor 131 is attached to the battery 20 to detect the swelling phenomenon of the battery, and various known sensors such as strain gauges may be applied.

Here, the smoke detection sensor 123, the hydrogen gas sensor 125, the VOC sensor 127, the carbon monoxide sensor 129, and the swelling detection sensor 131 are the battery 20 including the thermal runaway progress stage of the battery 20. ) is applied to acquire sensing information to determine the decision step on whether or not to take protective measures.

The fire extinguishing agent supply unit 150 is configured to inject the fire extinguishing agent into the battery 20 .

The extinguishing agent supply unit 150 includes a storage tank 152, a extinguishing agent supply pipe 154, a extinguishing agent supply valve 156, a extinguishing agent pressure detection sensor 158, and a spray nozzle 160.

The storage tank 152 stores an extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent stored in the storage tank 152 applies fire extinguishing gas that can be ejected in gas form through the injection nozzle 160.

As an example of the extinguishing gas, NOVEC-1230 manufactured and sold by 3M is applied.

Since the inside of the battery room in which the battery 20 of the electric vehicle 10 is mounted has a narrow space and a closed structure with a metal enclosure panel, the conventional fire extinguishing agent fire suppression method by fire water (water) is difficult to suppress the fire. Since it is very difficult, a fire extinguishing agent in the form of an inert gas must be used, and a structure capable of effectively spraying it is applied.

The fire extinguishing agent supply pipe 154 is connected to the outlet of the storage tank 152 and is installed to extend above the battery 20 mounting position to supply the fire extinguishing agent to the battery 20 to be extinguished.

The extinguishing agent supply valve 156 is controlled by the control unit 185 to supply or block the extinguishing agent filled in the storage tank 152 to the extinguishing agent supply pipe 154 and is connected to the outlet of the storage tank 162 .

The extinguishing agent pressure detection sensor 158 detects the pressure of the extinguishing agent stored in the storage tank 152 and provides it to the control unit 185.

The injection nozzle 160 is installed to be spaced apart from each other in the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe 154 and sprays the fire extinguishing agent. The spray nozzle 160 is formed with a plurality of spray holes 162 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction to spray in 360 directions. Here, as the injection nozzle 160, eight injection holes 162 may be applied.

In addition, it is preferable to apply the injection nozzle 160 to be controlled by the control unit 180 to rotate 360 degrees.

The emergency cooling device 170 is designed to cool the battery 20 by circulation of cooling water.

The emergency cooling device 170 maintains a stable operating temperature range by absorbing heat generated from the battery 20 in a normal operation mode in which the electric vehicle 10 is operated, and increases cooling capacity in case of thermal runaway. It is preferable to build a structure capable of performing an emergency cooling cap so as to be able to, and an example thereof will be described with reference to FIG. 5 .

The emergency cooling device 170 includes a reservoir tank 171, a main supply pipe 172a, a main pump (P) 172, a first supply pipe 173a, a second supply pipe 173b, first and second bypasses. Tubes 173d and 173e, a first pump (P) 174, a second pump (P) 175, a radiator 175, a fan 176, a cooler 177, and a three-bang valve 178 do.

The reservoir tank 171 is configured to store cooling water and is connected to supply the stored cooling water through the main supply pipe 173a.

The main supply pipe 173a is a pipe extending from both ends of the reservoir tank 173a to supply and recover the cooling water stored in the reservoir tank 173a.

The main pump 172 is installed on the main supply pipe 173a and pumps the cooling water to be transported along the transport path.

The first supply pipe 173a is branched from the main supply pipe 173a so that the coolant transported through the main supply pipe 173a is supplied to the battery 20 for cooling, and then the coolant is supplied through the main supply pipe 173a of the recovery path. It is connected so that it can be retrieved.

The second supply pipe 173b diverges from the main supply pipe 173a to a path different from that of the first supply pipe 173a so that the cooling water transported through the main supply pipe 173a can be supplied to the battery 20 for cooling, and then a return path. It is connected so that it can be recovered through the main supply pipe (173a) of the.

That is, the cooling water flowing out through the first supply pipe 173b and the second supply pipe 173c is connected to the main supply pipe 173a to be recovered and circulated.

The first and second bypass pipes 173d and 173e are the paths recovered via the battery 20 at positions before branching from the main supply pipe 173a to the first and second supply pipes 173b and 173c. It is connected in parallel with the main supply pipe 173a, and a three-phase valve 178 is coupled to the lower end.

The first and second bypass pipes 173d and 173e may be used to circulate cooling water without passing through the battery 20 .

The first pump 174 pumps cooling water on the first supply pipe 173b and is installed to supply it to the battery 20 .

The second pump 175 is installed to pump cooling water on the second supply pipe 173c and supply it to the battery 20 .

The radiator 175 is connected between the main supply pipe 173a of the return path and the reservoir tank 171 to cool the cooling water with air introduced by the operation of the fan 176.

The cooler 177 is installed between the first and second supply pipes 173b and 173c passing through the battery 20 and the main supply pipe 173a of the recovery path to cool the cooling water. Of course, the cooler may be applied with various well-known cooling structures.

Here, the cooler 177, the radiator 175, and the fan 176 correspond to cooling units that cool the cooling water circulated through the main supply pipe 173a.

Meanwhile, although not shown, a heater for heating the cooling water to keep the battery 20 warm according to the season may be further installed.

According to the emergency cooling device 170, the cooling capacity of the battery 20 is circulated through the normal operation mode only through the first supply pipe 173b and through both the first supply pipe 173b and the second supply pipe 173c. The cooling capacity can be adjusted by selecting and executing the emergency cooling mode.

The control unit 180 controls signals output from the temperature sensor 121, the smoke detection sensor 123, the hydrogen gas sensor 125, the VOC sensor 127, the carbon monoxide sensor 129, and the swelling detection sensor 131. A power switch 50 that determines whether to take protective measures for the battery 20 by using a power switch 50 that is electrically connected to the battery 20 and cuts off the charging current or the discharging current by switching off, and the emergency cooling device 170 ) and the fire extinguishing agent supply unit 150 are controlled to correspond to the determined protective action determination step.

Here, the power switch 50 is installed in series on a power supply line for charging power to the battery 20 or discharging the power charged in the battery 20 to maintain or block power charging to the battery 20. says

The control unit 180 includes a control unit 181, a display unit 183, a communication unit 184 and a control unit 185.

The operation unit 181 is capable of setting supported functions. The display unit 183 is controlled by the control unit 185 to display display information.

The communication unit 184 is controlled by the control unit 185 to process transmission target information to be transmitted to the user terminal 200 registered to the control unit 185 through a wired or wireless communication network.

Here, the user terminal 200 may be a driver's smart phone.

The controller 185 uses signals output from the temperature sensor 121, the smoke sensor 123, the hydrogen gas sensor 125, the VOC sensor 127, the carbon monoxide sensor 129, and the swelling detection sensor 131. It is determined which of the first to fourth steps corresponds to the step, and safety measures corresponding to the determined step are performed.

That is, the controller 185 controls the temperature sensor 121, the smoke sensor 123, the hydrogen gas sensor 125, the VOC sensor 127, the carbon monoxide sensor 129, and the battery swelling detection sensor 131 to output Using the signal, it is determined which stage of the thermal runaway stage corresponds to, and any one or all of the power switch 50, the emergency cooling device 170, and the fire extinguishing agent supply unit 150 is set according to the determined thermal runaway stage. Control according to the operation method.

The control unit 185 outputs a fire alarm signal when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 121 corresponds to the set first protective action temperature range and the VOC detection signal received from the VOC sensor 127 corresponds to the first step. . Of course, the controller 185 may be constructed to process the fire alarm signal to be transmitted to the user terminal 200 in addition to the display unit 183 .

Here, the temperature range of the first protective measure may be set to 50 to 60°C.

In addition, the control unit 185 determines that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 121 corresponds to the second protective action temperature range set higher than the first protective action temperature and the hydrogen gas detection signal received from the hydrogen gas sensor 125 is set. In step 2, the power switch 50 is controlled to be turned off.

Here, the temperature range of the second protective measure may be set to 70 to 80 °C.

In addition, the control unit 185 determines that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 121 corresponds to the third protective action temperature range set higher than the second protective action temperature range, and the hydrogen gas detection signal received from the hydrogen gas sensor 125. corresponds to the concentration of the third step set higher than the hydrogen gas concentration corresponding to the second step, and the battery expansion information received from the swelling detection sensor 131 corresponds to the set third step, the coolant is stored in the battery 20 Controls the emergency cooling device 170 to cool.

Here, the control unit 185 operates only the main pump 172 and the first pump 174 so that the cooling water circulates only through the first supply pipe 173b in the normal operation mode, that is, not corresponding to the protection measures or in the first and second stages. According to the temperature information, heat dissipation is controlled to operate when necessary, and in the third step, the second pump 175 is also operated so that cooling water is supplied to the second supply pipe 173c.

Here, the third protective measure temperature range is appropriately set to 80°C to 100°C.

In addition, the control unit 185 determines that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 121 corresponds to the fourth protective action temperature range set higher than the third protective action temperature range, and the smoke detection signal received from the smoke detection sensor 123 and When it is determined that the carbon monoxide detection signal received from the carbon monoxide sensor 129 corresponds to the fourth step, the power switch 50 is kept off, and the emergency cooling of the battery 20 is maintained by the emergency cooling device 170. and controls the fire extinguishing agent supply unit 150 so that the fire extinguishing agent from the fire extinguishing agent supply unit 150 is input to extinguish the battery 20.

That is, the control unit 185 controls the extinguishing agent supply valve 158 to be opened when it is determined as the fourth step so that the extinguishing agent is sprayed through the injection nozzle 160 so that the extinguishing gas is injected. Here, the third protective measure temperature range is appropriately set at 120°C or higher.

Here, the second step set for thermal runaway is damage and deterioration of internal elements due to damage to the positive electrode material, negative electrode material, and separator inside the battery 20, and deterioration of the electrolyte, resulting in the SEI layer of the electrolyte at the anode interface. (Solid electrolyte interphase layer) is destroyed and positive ions are rapidly increased, corresponding to the stage in which the temperature of the electrolyte begins to increase.

Accordingly, the control unit 185 turns off the power switch 50 connected to the battery 20 to cut off the current in the second stage, which is the initial stage of thermal runaway, according to the development state of thermal runaway, thereby inducing a chemical chain reaction that causes thermal runaway. This can alleviate thermal runaway and prevent fire and explosion in advance.

In addition, the third step is a process in which damage to the internal separator starts when the second step of thermal runaway continues, and the fourth step is a process in which damage continues.

As described above, in the fourth step of thermal runaway, the control unit 185 suppresses the occurrence of a fire by spraying a fire extinguishing agent.

On the other hand, the controller 185 determines that the fire extinguishing agent has leaked through the communication unit 184 if the pressure detected from the fire extinguishing agent pressure detection sensor 158 is lower than the reference pressure range in a state where the extinguishing agent supply valve 156 is blocked. The fire extinguishing agent leakage message is transmitted to the registered user terminal 200.

Hereinafter, the process of the control unit will be described with reference to FIG. 4 .

First, temperature, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, VOC gas, smoke, and cell welling information are collected from the sensors described above (step 310).

Next, it is determined from the collected detection information whether the temperature and VOC gas correspond to the first step described above (step 320).

If it is determined as step 1 in step 320, a fire alarm signal is generated (step 330).

Thereafter, it is determined whether the temperature and hydrogen gas (H ₂ ) correspond to the above-described second step from the collected detection information (step 340).

If it is determined as the second step in step 340, the power switch 50 connected to the battery 20 is turned off (step 350).

Subsequently, it is determined whether the temperature, hydrogen, and swelling information correspond to the above-described third step from the collected detection information (step 360).

If it is determined in the third step in step 360, the emergency cooling device 170 is operated in an emergency cooling mode while keeping the power switch 50 connected to the battery 20 off (step 370).

Then, it is determined whether the temperature, carbon monoxide, and smoke correspond to the fourth step described above (step 380).

In step 380, when it is determined that the thermal runaway is in the fourth step, the power switch 50 is kept off, and the emergency cooling device 170 is maintained in the emergency cooling mode, while the gas extinguishing agent is injected into the battery 20. process (step 390).

According to the battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for electric vehicles described above, it is possible to classify and detect battery thermal runaway by stage, and to support safety measures for each stage of thermal runaway, so that a fire accident occurs in an electric vehicle It provides the advantage of minimizing damage.

121: temperature sensor 123: smoke sensor
125: hydrogen gas sensor 127: VOC sensor
129: carbon monoxide sensor 131: swelling detection sensor
150: fire extinguishing agent supply unit 170: emergency cooling device
180: control unit

Claims (5)

delete In a battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety of a battery mounted in an electric vehicle,
a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of a battery mounted in the electric vehicle;
a smoke sensor for detecting smoke of an organic compound generated during thermal runaway of the battery;
a hydrogen gas sensor for detecting hydrogen gas generated from the battery;
a VOC sensor for detecting volatile organic compound (VOC) gas;
a carbon monoxide sensor for detecting carbon monoxide generated in the battery;
a swelling detection sensor for detecting a swelling phenomenon generated in the battery;
a fire extinguishing agent supply unit capable of injecting a fire extinguishing agent into the battery;
an emergency cooling device capable of cooling the battery by circulation of cooling water;
Using signals output from the temperature sensor, the smoke sensor, the hydrogen gas sensor, the VOC sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor, and the swelling detection sensor, it is determined whether or not to take protective measures for the battery, and electrically connects it to the battery. A power switch connected so as to block the charging current or discharging current by switching off, and a control unit controlling the emergency cooling device and the fire extinguishing agent supply unit in correspondence with the determined protective action decision step;
The control unit outputs a fire alarm signal when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor corresponds to the set first protective action temperature range and the VOC detection signal received from the VOC sensor corresponds to the first step, and the temperature sensor outputs a fire alarm signal. Controlling the power switch to be turned off when the detected temperature corresponds to the second protective action temperature range set higher than the first protective action temperature and the hydrogen gas detection signal received from the hydrogen gas sensor corresponds to the set second step. A battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for electric vehicles. The method of claim 2, wherein the control unit corresponds to a third protective action temperature range set higher than the second protective action temperature range, and the hydrogen gas detection signal received from the hydrogen gas sensor is detected by the temperature sensor. and when the battery expansion information received from the swelling detection sensor corresponds to the set third step, the emergency cooling device is controlled so that the cooling water cools the battery, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is the third protective action temperature If it corresponds to the fourth protective action temperature range set higher than the range and it is determined that the smoke detection signal received from the smoke detection sensor and the carbon monoxide detection signal received from the carbon monoxide sensor correspond to the fourth step, the power switch is turned off. Battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for electric vehicles, characterized in that for controlling the fire extinguishing agent supply unit so that the fire extinguishing agent supply unit is input to extinguish the battery while maintaining the operating state of the emergency cooling device. The method of claim 3, wherein the fire extinguishing agent supply unit and a storage tank filled with fire extinguishing agent;
a fire extinguishing agent supply pipe connected to the storage tank and extending to the battery to supply the fire extinguishing agent;
a fire extinguishing agent supply valve controlled by the control unit to supply or block the fire extinguishing agent filled in the storage tank to the extinguishing agent supply pipe;
And spray nozzles installed to be spaced apart from each other in the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe and spraying the fire extinguishing agent,
The injection nozzle is a battery fire extinguishing device for fire safety for electric vehicles, characterized in that a plurality of injection holes are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The method of claim 4, further comprising a fire extinguishing agent pressure detection sensor for detecting the pressure of the fire extinguishing agent stored in the storage tank,
The control unit determines that the extinguishing agent leaks when the pressure detected by the extinguishing agent pressure detection sensor is lower than the reference pressure range in a state where the extinguishing agent supply valve is blocked, and sends a extinguishing agent leak message to the registered user terminal through the communication unit. process the transmission,
The injection nozzle is controlled by the control unit to rotate 360 degrees, and the fire extinguishing agent can be ejected in gas form through the injection nozzle.
The emergency cooling window
a reservoir tank in which cooling water is stored;
a first pump installed to pump cooling water stored in the reservoir tank and transported through a main supply pipe to a first supply pipe branched from the main supply pipe to supply and cool the cooling water to the battery;
a second pump installed on a second supply pipe formed to cool the battery by branching from the main supply pipe to a path different from that of the first supply pipe;
A cooling unit for cooling the cooling water circulated through the main supply pipe;
Cooling water flowing out through the first supply pipe and the second supply pipe is connected to the main supply pipe to be recovered and circulated;
The control unit controls the cooling water to be circulated through the first supply pipe in the normal operation mode, and in the third step, the second pump is also operated so that the cooling water is supplied to the second supply pipe. for battery fire extinguishers.

Images