KR20190019082A - NiMH 배터리를 재활용하기 위한 고온야금 방법 - Google Patents
NiMH 배터리를 재활용하기 위한 고온야금 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20190019082A KR20190019082A KR1020187036916A KR20187036916A KR20190019082A KR 20190019082 A KR20190019082 A KR 20190019082A KR 1020187036916 A KR1020187036916 A KR 1020187036916A KR 20187036916 A KR20187036916 A KR 20187036916A KR 20190019082 A KR20190019082 A KR 20190019082A
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- nickel
- active material
- reduction
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- hydrogen storage
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 229910005813 NiMH Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 79
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018007 MmNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 78
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 67
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010314 arc-melting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002335 LaNi5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012613 in situ experiment Methods 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVLXVXJAKUJOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum;oxonickel Chemical compound [La].[Ni]=O RVLXVXJAKUJOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000877463 Lanio Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010380 TiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical group [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001995 intermetallic alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DOARWPHSJVUWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[La] DOARWPHSJVUWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0483—Processes of manufacture in general by methods including the handling of a melt
- H01M4/0488—Alloying
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/242—Hydrogen storage electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
- H01M4/385—Hydrogen absorbing alloys of the type LaNi5
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 NiMH 전극에 대해 제안된 재활용 공정을 예시하는 흐름도이다.
도 2a는 초기 음극 재료의 x-선 회절도이다.
도 2b는 초기 혼합 전극 재료의 x-선 회절도이다.
도 2c는 환원된 음극 재료의 x-선 회절도이다.
도 2d는 환원된 혼합 전극 재료의 x-선 회절도이다.
도 3a는 환원 후 혼합 파쇄된 샘플에 대한 XRD 패턴이다.
도 3b는 환원 후 혼합 비파쇄된 샘플에 대한 XRD 패턴이다.
도 4a는 환원 1 및 아크 용해 후의 음의 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴이다.
도 4b는 환원 1 및 아크 용해 후의 혼합 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴이다.
도 5a는 혼합 재료에 대해 원위치(in-situ) 환원에 의해 얻어진 일련의 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 5b는 혼합 재료에 대해 원위치 환원으로부터 얻은 엔드 스캔(end scan) XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 6a는 오렌지와 핑크 패턴(하단)으로부터 청색 패턴(상단, 200℃)까지의 감소를 보여주는 서로 다른 온도에서 Ni(OH)2의 환원에 대한 일련의 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 6b는 도 6a와 같은 XRD 패턴 스캔에서 얻어지고 200℃로부터 강도의 증가를 나타내는, 니켈에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 7a는 환원 전 순수한 혼합 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 7b는 아르곤 환경 하에서 250℃ 및 700 mbar 압력에서 환원시킨 후 순수한 혼합 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 8은 아크 용해 공정을 사용하여 제조된 기준 LaNi5에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 9a는 환원 후 La2Ni3 상을 적색으로 나타내고 또한 존재하는 Ni를 나타내는 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 9b는 열 처리 후 도 9(a)의 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 10a는 중심 구조에서 LaNi5의 흔적을 보여주는 열 처리 샘플의 SEM 영상을 도시한다.
도 10b는 주요 La2O3 구조를 나타내는 열 처리 샘플의 SEM 영상을 도시한다.
도 11a는 LaNi5 및 니켈의 약간의 흔적만을 보여주는 정제된 아크 용해 단계에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 11b는 LaNi5의 흔적과 함께 La2O3를 주로 보여주는, 아크 용해 단계로부터 생성된 슬래그 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 12a는 La(OH)3 피크가 있는 250℃에서 보여주는 음의 재료 원위치 환원에 대한 XRD 패턴 엔드 스캔을 도시한다.
도 12b는 La(OH)3의 강도 감소가 250 내지 275℃인 도 12a의 확대 버전을 나타내는 음의 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 13은 600℃에서 진공 가열하는 방법을 갖고 아크 용해 후 300℃에서 혼합 재료의 환원으로부터 생성된 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 14는 300℃에서 환원 및 600℃에서 진공 후 혼합 재료에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 15a는 환원 전 혼합 재료의 새로운 환원에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 15b는 환원 후 혼합 재료의 새로운 환원에 대한 XRD 패턴을 도시한다.
도 16a는 환원 단계 및 아크 용해가 아르곤 환경의 저장 하에서 수행되는, 초기 혼합 재료의 XRD를 도시한다.
도 16b는 환원 단계 및 아크 용해가 아르곤 환경의 저장 하에서 수행되는, 환원 후의 혼합 재료를 도시한다.
Claims (15)
- 니켈 금속 수소화물 배터리에 사용하기 위한 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은
i. 사용된 양극 활성 재료와 음극 활성 재료를 포함하는 혼합된 활성 재료를 제공하는 단계;
ii. 상기 혼합된 활성 재료를 환원시켜, 환원된 활성 재료를 얻는 단계;
iii. 상기 환원된 활성 재료에 하나 이상의 금속을 첨가하는 단계;
iv. 단계 iii에서 얻어진 혼합물을 용해시키는 단계; 및
v. 상기 용해물을 냉각시켜, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 얻는 단계를
포함하는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 사용된 양극 활성 재료는 옥시수산화 니켈을 포함하고, 상기 사용된 음극 활성 재료는 AB5 합금을 포함하며, 상기 식에서 A는 미쉬메탈(mischmetal), La, Ce 또는 Ti이고, B는 Ni, Co, Mn 또는 Al인, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금은 AB5이고, 상기 식에서 A는 미쉬메탈, La, Ce 또는 Ti이고, B는 Ni, Co, Mn 또는 Al인, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 iii에서 상기 하나 이상의 금속은 미쉬메탈, La, Al, 버진(virgin) AB5 합금, 또는 이들의 혼합물로부터 선택되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 미쉬메탈 또는 La는 AB5 합금의 원소비를 재현하기에 충분한 양으로 첨가되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 ii에서 환원은 약 700 mBar의 수소 대기 하에서 수행되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 ii에서 환원은, 약 200℃ 내지 약 500℃, 바람직하게는 약 220℃ 내지 약 280℃, 훨씬 더 바람직하게는 약 240℃ 내지 약 260℃, 예를 들어, 250℃의 온도에서 수행되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 ii 및/또는 단계 iii의 생성물은 추가 사용 전에 불활성 대기 하에 보관되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 i 전에 전극 지지체 재료를 제거하고 상기 사용된 양극 및 음극 재료를 세척하는 단계를 포함하는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 슬래그(slag)는 단계 iv에서 용해물로부터 제거되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 iv에서 용해는 900 ~ 1100℃, 바람직하게는 약 1000℃에서 수행되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 v에서, 상기 용해물은 적어도 10시간 동안, 바람직하게는 적어도 20시간 동안 냉각되는, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금을 제조하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항의 방법에 의해 수득된, 니켈 금속 수소화물 배터리에 사용하기 위한 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금은 AB5 합금이고, 여기서, A는 미쉬메탈, La, Ce 또는 Ti이고, B는 Ni, Co, Mn 또는 Al이며, 바람직하게는 LaNi5 또는 MmNi5인, 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금.
- 사용된 양극 활성 재료로부터 수득된 니켈을 포함하는 니켈 함유 수소 저장 합금.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| SE1650727A SE540849C2 (en) | 2016-05-25 | 2016-05-25 | Pyrometallurgical process for recycling of NiMH batteries |
| SE1650727-9 | 2016-05-25 | ||
| PCT/SE2017/050548 WO2017204732A1 (en) | 2016-05-25 | 2017-05-23 | Pyrometallurgical process for recycling of nimh batteries |
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| KR20190019082A true KR20190019082A (ko) | 2019-02-26 |
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| US (1) | US20190148798A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP3464657A1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2019523966A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20190019082A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN109415779A (ko) |
| BR (1) | BR112018074218A2 (ko) |
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| DE4445496A1 (de) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-27 | Varta Batterie | Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Metallen aus gebrauchten Nickel-Metallhydrid-Akkumulatoren |
| JP3183619B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-26 | 2001-07-09 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 電気自動車用2次電池からの有価物の回収方法 |
| JP2000067935A (ja) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-03 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 廃ニッケル・水素二次電池からの有価物回収方法 |
| KR100438473B1 (ko) * | 2000-03-24 | 2004-07-03 | 미쓰이 긴조꾸 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 유가금속의 회수방법 |
| JP4700269B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-09 | 2011-06-15 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 水素吸蔵合金構成元素の回収方法 |
| JP4850297B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-23 | 2012-01-11 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 水素吸蔵合金組成物の製造方法 |
| CN103123965B (zh) * | 2013-02-18 | 2016-01-20 | 先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限责任公司 | 利用失效镍氢电池制备储氢合金材料的制备方法 |
| CN105514400B (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-10-30 | 先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限责任公司 | 利用废旧镍氢电池制备用于电池负极活性材料储氢合金的方法 |
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| JP2019523966A (ja) | 2019-08-29 |
| SE540849C2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
| CN109415779A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
| BR112018074218A2 (pt) | 2019-03-06 |
| EP3464657A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
| WO2017204732A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
| SE1650727A1 (en) | 2017-11-26 |
| SE1650727A2 (en) | 2018-04-03 |
| US20190148798A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
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