KR20160038706A - Block copolymer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a block copolymer and uses thereof. Provided in the present invention are: a block copolymer having excellent self-assembling properties, which can be effectively used for various purposes; and uses thereof. The block copolymer comprises a first block having a branched chain, and a second block different from the first block. The block copolymer has a range of 2.5 to 10 of X followed by formula 1, X = 1 + (D×M)/(K×L).

Description

BLOCK COPOLYMER < RTI ID = 0.0 >

The present application relates to block copolymers and uses thereof.

The block copolymer has a molecular structure in which polymer blocks having different chemical structures are linked through covalent bonds. The block copolymer can form a structure such as a sphere, a cylinder or a lamella by phase separation. The size of the domain of the structure formed by the self-assembling phenomenon of the block copolymer can be controlled and various types of structures can be manufactured. Thus, various next generation nano devices such as high density magnetic storage media, nanowire fabrication, Magnetic recording media or pattern formation by lithography or the like.

The present application provides a method of forming a block copolymer, a polymer film, a polymer film, a pattern forming method, and the like.

An exemplary block copolymer may comprise a first block and a second block different from the first block. Each block of the block copolymer may be formed of only one type of monomer, or may be formed of two or more kinds of monomers. The block copolymer may be a diblock copolymer containing only one first block and one second block, or may include at least one of the first and second blocks, or may include at least two blocks other than the first and second blocks, Or a block copolymer of a triblock or more.

Since the block copolymer contains two or more chains of chains linked by covalent bonds, phase separation occurs. The block copolymer of the present invention described below can form a nanoscale structure by microphase seperation. The shape or size of the nanoscale structure can be controlled, for example, by controlling the size of a block copolymer such as a molecular weight or the relative ratio between blocks. The present inventors have confirmed that the block copolymer of the present application described below can efficiently form a cylinder structure by self-assembly.

The block copolymer of the present application may have, for example, a range of X calculated from the following formula 1: 2.5 to 10, or 1.1 to 1.7.

[Equation 1]

X = 1 + (D x M) / (K x L)

D is the ratio of the density D1 of the first block to the density D2 of the second block and D is the ratio of the molar mass M1 of the first block to the molar mass of the second block K is the ratio of the area A2 of the peak due to the second block in the ¹ H-NMR to the area A2 of the peak due to the first block A2 / A1), and L is the ratio (H1 / H2) of the number (H1) of hydrogen atoms having 1 mole of the first block repeating unit to the number (H2) of water atoms having 1 mole of the second block repeating unit.

The ¹ H-NMR measurement method for obtaining the K value to be applied to the formula (1) is not particularly limited and can be carried out by a known method. An example of the above measurement method is described in the following embodiments. The method of calculating the area of the peak from the NMR measurement results is known. For example, when the peaks derived from the first block and the second block do not overlap with each other as a result of NMR measurement, they can be obtained through the area of the peak, When the peaks overlap each other, the ratio can be determined in consideration of the overlapped portion. Analysis programs capable of analyzing ¹ H-NMR spectrum and obtaining the area of a peak are variously known. For example, the area of a peak can be calculated using the MestReC program.

The density of each block of the block copolymer to obtain the D value to be applied to Equation 1 can be measured by a known buoyancy method. For example, the density can be measured by analyzing the mass of the block copolymer in a solvent, such as ethanol, in which the mass and density in air are known. The density of each of the above-mentioned blocks can be measured, for example, by applying a homopolymer produced only by the monomers forming the block to the buoyancy method.

The M value applied to Formula 1 is the ratio of the molar mass of the repeating units of each block of the block copolymer as described above. Such a molar mass can be obtained by a known method, and for example, the above-mentioned M value can be obtained by the ratio of the molar mass of the monomers forming each block of the block copolymer. In this case, when one block of the block copolymer is formed of two or more kinds of monomers, the molar mass for calculating the M value is the molar mass of the monomers contained in the block most frequently among the two or more kinds of monomers Can be substituted.

The L value applied to Equation 1 is the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms of one mole of the repeating unit of each block of the block copolymer as described above. These ratios can also be obtained based on the chemical structure of each repeating unit, and can be obtained, for example, by the number of hydrogen atoms in the monomers constituting each block of the block copolymer or by ¹ H-NMR. Also in this case, when one block of the block copolymer is formed of two or more kinds of monomers, the molar mass for calculating the L value is the molar amount of the monomer contained in the block in the largest number of moles among the two or more kinds of monomers Mass can be substituted.

In the present application, physical properties such as density and the like which can be changed by temperature are values measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified. The term ambient temperature is a natural, non-warming or non-warming temperature and may refer to a temperature of about 10 ° C to 30 ° C, about 25 ° C, or about 23 ° C.

In the formula (1), X is a numerical value representative of the ratio of the first and second blocks in the block copolymer. Generally, the ratio of each block in the block copolymer is confirmed based on the molecular weight obtained through GPC or the like. However, the present inventors have found that this method does not accurately reflect the ratio between the blocks, . For example, when a block copolymer is synthesized by using one block of a block copolymer as a macromonomer as described later, depending on the reactivity of the macromonomer and the monomer, a block copolymer containing each block at a desired level In some cases, GPC alone can not confirm this point.

X according to Formula 1 may range from 2.5 to 6.7, 2.5 to 5, 2.8 to 5, or 3.3 to 5 in another example.

X according to Vertical 1 may be in the range of 1.1 to 1.45, 1.1 to 1.35, 1.1 to 1.33 or 1.1 to 1.25 in another example.

For example, the first block may be a block including an aromatic structure having no halogen atom included together with a second block including an aromatic structure substituted with a halogen atom, or a second block including a halogen atom The block copolymer having X in the range of 2.5 to 10 in the case of a block having a side chain included with the block can form a structure in which the second block is present in the form of a cylinder within the domain formed by the first block And X is in the range of 1.1 to 1.7 can form a structure in which the first block is present in a cylinder shape in a domain formed by the second block.

As used herein, the term " side chain chain " means a chain connected to the main chain of the polymer, and the term " chain forming atom " means an atom forming the side chain chain bonded to the block copolymer, it means. The side chain may be linear or branched, but the number of chain-forming atoms is calculated by the number of atoms forming the longest straight chain, and other atoms bonded to the chain-forming atoms (for example, A hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the case of a carbon atom, etc.) is not calculated. For example, in the case of a branched chain, the number of chain forming atoms may be calculated as the number of chain forming atoms forming the longest chain region. For example, when the side chain is an n-pentyl group, all of the chain-forming atoms are carbon atoms, and the number of the chain-forming atoms is 5 even when the side chain is a 2-methylpentyl group. The chain-forming atom may be exemplified by carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, and a suitable chain-forming atom may be carbon, oxygen or nitrogen, or carbon or oxygen. The number of chain-forming atoms may be 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more. The number of the chain-forming atoms may be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less.

The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the block copolymer may be, for example, in the range of 3,000 to 300,000. In the present specification, the term number average molecular weight refers to a value converted to standard polystyrene measured using GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatograph). In the present specification, the term molecular weight refers to a number average molecular weight unless otherwise specified. The molecular weight (Mn) may be, for example, 3000 or more, 5000 or more, 7000 or more, 9000 or more, 11000 or more, 13000 or more, or 15000 or more in other examples. In another example, the molecular weight (Mn) is not more than 250,000, less than 200,000, less than or equal to 180,000, less than or equal to 160,000, less than or equal to 140000, less than or equal to 120000, less than or equal to 100000, less than or equal to 90000, less than or equal to 80000, less than or equal to 70000, Or 25,000 or less. The block copolymer may have a polydispersity (Mw / Mn) in the range of 1.01 to 1.60. In another example, the degree of dispersion may be at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, or at least about 1.4.

In this range, the block copolymer can exhibit proper self-assembling properties. The number average molecular weight of the block copolymer and the like can be adjusted in consideration of the desired self-assembling structure and the like.

The block copolymer may have a controlled structure to ensure proper self-assembly or phase separation characteristics. For example, at least one or both of the first block and the second block of the block copolymer satisfying at least one of the above-mentioned parameters may comprise at least an aromatic structure. The first block and the second block may all include an aromatic structure, and in this case, the aromatic structures included in the first and second blocks may be the same or different. In addition, at least one of the first and second blocks of the block copolymer satisfying at least one of the above-mentioned parameters may contain the above-described side chain chain or may include at least one halogen atom described later, The halogen atom may be substituted in the aromatic structure. The block copolymer of the present application may comprise two blocks or may comprise more blocks.

As described above, the first block and / or the second block of the block copolymer may include an aromatic structure. The aromatic structure may be included in only one of the first and second blocks, or may be included in both blocks. When both blocks include an aromatic structure, the aromatic structures included in each block may be the same or different from each other.

As used herein, the term aromatic structure, aryl group or arylene group, unless otherwise specified, includes a benzene ring, or two or more benzene rings are linked together sharing one or two carbon atoms, A structure derived from a compound including a structure linked by a linker or a derivative thereof, a monovalent residue or a divalent residue. The aryl group or arylene group may be, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, 6 to 25 carbon atoms, 6 to 21 carbon atoms, 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or 6 to 13 carbon atoms. Examples of the aryl group or the arylene group include benzene and the like, naphthalene, azobenzene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, pyrene, A monovalent or divalent residue derived from benzopyrene or the like may be exemplified.

The aromatic structure may be a structure contained in a block main chain or a structure in which a block main chain is connected in a side chain form. Adjustment of the above-described parameters may be possible through appropriate control of the aromatic structure that each block may contain.

For example, in order to control the above-mentioned parameters, the first block of the block copolymer may have chains with more than eight chain forming atoms connected to the side chains. In the present specification, the term chain and side chain chain may refer to the same object. When the first block comprises an aromatic structure, the chain may be connected to the aromatic structure.

The side chain chain may be a chain containing at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11 or at least 12 chain forming atoms as mentioned above. The number of chain-forming atoms may also be not more than 30, not more than 25, not more than 20, or not more than 16. The chain forming atom may be a carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, and may suitably be carbon or oxygen.

As the branched chain, a hydrocarbon chain such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group can be exemplified. At least one of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain may be replaced by a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.

When the side chain is connected to an aromatic structure, the chain may be directly connected to the aromatic structure or may be connected via a linker. The linker is an oxygen atom, a sulfur _{atom, -NR 1 -, -S (=} O) 2 -, a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, alkenylene group, alkynylene _{group, -C (= O) -X 1} - or -X ₁ -C (= O) - and the like can be exemplified, and in the above R ₁ may be hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl date, X ₁ is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom , -NR ₂ -, -S (═O) ₂ -, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an alkynylene group, and R ₂ is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, have. Suitable linkers may be exemplified by oxygen atoms. The side chain may be connected to the aromatic structure via, for example, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.

When the aromatic structure is connected to the main chain of the block in the form of a side chain, the aromatic structure may be directly connected to the main chain or may be connected via a linker. In this case, linker, oxygen atom, sulfur _{atom, -S (= O) 2 -} , a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, alkenylene group, alkynylene _{group, -C (= O) -X 1} - or -X ₁ - C (= O) - and the like can be exemplified, wherein X ₁ may be a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (= O) ₂ -, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an alkynylene group. Suitable linkers connecting the aromatic structure to the backbone include, but are not limited to, -C (= O) -O- or -OC (= O) -.

In another example, the aromatic structure included in the first and / or second block of the block copolymer may comprise one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more halogen atoms. The number of halogen atoms may be, for example, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or 10 or less. Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine or chlorine, and the use of a fluorine atom may be advantageous. As described above, a block having an aromatic structure containing a halogen atom can efficiently realize a phase separation structure through proper interaction with other blocks.

Examples of the aromatic structure containing a halogen atom include, but are not limited to, aromatic structures having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, 6 to 25 carbon atoms, 6 to 21 carbon atoms, 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or 6 to 13 carbon atoms.

In the case where both the first and second blocks in the block copolymer include an aromatic structure, the first block includes an aromatic structure not containing a halogen atom and the second block contains a halogen atom Containing aromatic structure. The aromatic structure of the first block may be linked to the above-mentioned side chain chain directly or via a linker including oxygen or nitrogen.

When the block copolymer comprises a block having a side chain chain, this block may be, for example, a block represented by the following general formula (1).

[Chemical Formula 1]

Wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (= O) ₂ -, a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, C (= O) -X ₁ - or -X ₁ -C (= O) -, wherein X ₁ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (═O) ₂ -, an alkylene group, And Y is a monovalent substituent group comprising a ring structure having a chain having 8 or more chain forming atoms linked thereto.

The term single bond in the present application means that no separate atom is present at that site. For example, when X in the general formula (1) is a single bond, a structure in which Y is directly connected to a polymer chain can be realized.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the alkyl group may be a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms Which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents, provided that when the side chain is an alkyl group, the alkyl group may have 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or 12 or more carbons Atoms, and the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group may be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less).

As used herein, the term alkenyl or alkynyl group means a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 to 16 carbon atoms, 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms or 2 to 4 carbon atoms, Alkenyl group or alkynyl group which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents, provided that the above-mentioned alkenyl or alkynyl group as the side chain is at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, Or more than 12 carbon atoms, and the number of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group or alkynyl group may be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less).

The term alkylene group as used herein includes, unless otherwise specified, a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms Which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents.

The term alkenylene group or alkynylene group as used herein means a straight chain, branched chain or ring having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Lt; / RTI > alkylene group, which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents.

Further, X in the general formula (1) may be -C (= O) O- or -OC (= O) - in another example.

In the general formula (1), Y is a substituent containing the above-mentioned chain, and may be, for example, a substituent containing an aromatic structure having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The chain may be, for example, a straight chain alkyl group containing at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, or at least 12 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may contain up to 30, up to 25, up to 20 or up to 16 carbon atoms. Such a chain may be directly connected to the aromatic structure or via the above-mentioned linker.

The first block may be represented by the following formula (2) in another example.

(2)

R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is -C (= O) -O-, P is an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, Q is an oxygen atom, Z is a chain- Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 8 < / RTI >

In Formula (3), P may be phenylene in another example, and Z may be a straight chain alkyl group having 9 to 20 carbon atoms, 9 to 18 carbon atoms, or 9 to 16 carbon atoms in another example. In the above, when P is phenylene, Q may be connected to the para position of the phenylene. In the above, the alkyl group, arylene group, phenylene group and chain may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.

When the block copolymer includes a block having an aromatic structure containing a halogen atom, the block may be, for example, a block represented by the following formula (3).

(3)

In formula 3 X ₂ is a single bond, an oxygen atom, sulfur _{atom, -S (= O) 2 -} , alkylene group, alkenylene group, alkynylene _{group, -C (= O) -X 1} - or -X ₁ -C (= O) - and, in the X ₁ is a single bond, oxygen atom, sulfur _{atom, -S (= O) 2 -} , alkylene group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group, and W is at least one halogen Is an aryl group containing an atom.

X ₂ in Formula (3) may be a single bond or an alkylene group in another example.

In formula (3), the aryl group of W may be an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or may be a phenyl group, and the aryl group or phenyl group may have one or more, two or more, three or more, four or five or more halogen atoms . The number of halogen atoms in the above may be, for example, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or 10 or less. As the halogen atom, a fluorine atom may be exemplified.

The block of formula (3) may be represented by the following formula (4) in another example.

[Chemical Formula 4]

In formula (4), X ₂ is as defined in formula (3), R ₁ to R ₅ are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group or a halogen atom, and the number of halogen atoms contained in R ₁ to R ₅ is 1 or more to be.

In formula (4), R ₁ to R ₅ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or halogen, wherein the halogen may be chlorine or fluorine.

In Formula 4, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5 or at least 6 of R ₁ to R ₅ may contain a halogen. The upper limit of the number of halogen atoms is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 12 or less, 8 or less, or 7 or less.

The block copolymer may be a block copolymer containing either one or both of the above two types of blocks together with another block or containing only the two types of blocks.

The manner of producing the block copolymer is not particularly limited. The block copolymer is polymerized by, for example, an LRP (Living Radical Polymerization) method. Examples thereof include an organic rare earth metal complex as a polymerization initiator or an organic alkali metal compound as a polymerization initiator to form an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal , An anion polymerization method in which an organic alkali metal compound is used as a polymerization initiator and synthesized in the presence of an organoaluminum compound, an anion polymerization method using an atom transfer radical polymerization agent as a polymerization initiator, (ATRP), Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), and ICAR (Atomization Transfer), which perform polymerization under an organic or inorganic reducing agent that generates electrons using an atom transfer radical polymerization agent as a polymerization initiator. Initiators for continuous activator regeneration) Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) (RAFT) using a reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer agent using a reducing agent addition-cleavage chain transfer agent, or a method using an organic tellurium compound as an initiator. Among these methods, an appropriate method can be selected and applied.

For example, the block copolymer can be prepared in a manner that includes polymerizing a reactant containing monomers capable of forming the block in the presence of a radical initiator and a living radical polymerization reagent by living radical polymerization . The preparation of the block copolymer may further include, for example, a step of precipitating the polymerization product produced through the above process in the non-solvent.

The kind of the radical initiator is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected in consideration of the polymerization efficiency. For example, AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) or 2,2'-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile (2,2 ' -azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP).

The living radical polymerization process can be carried out in the presence of a base such as, for example, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene, acetone, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme, diglyme, Amide, dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylacetamide, and the like.

Examples of the non-solvent include ethers such as alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol, glycols such as ethylene glycol, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane or petroleum ether, But is not limited thereto.

The present application is also directed to a polymer membrane comprising said block copolymer. The polymer membrane can be used for various purposes, for example, various electronic or electronic devices, a process of forming the pattern, a recording medium such as a magnetic storage medium, a flash memory, or a biosensor.

In one example, the block copolymer in the polymer membrane may be embodied in a periodic structure including a cylinder structure through self-assembly. For example, in a block copolymer, other segments within the segments of the first or second block or another block covalently bonded thereto may form a regular structure such as a cylinder shape or the like.

The present application also relates to a method for forming a polymer film using the block copolymer. The method may include forming a polymer membrane including the block copolymer on a substrate in a self-assembled state. For example, the method may include coating the block copolymer or a coating solution containing the block copolymer to form a layer, and then aging the layer. The aging process may be a thermal annealing process or a solvent annealing process.

Thermal aging can be performed based on, for example, the phase transition temperature or the glass transition temperature of the block copolymer, and can be performed at, for example, a temperature above the glass transition temperature or the phase transition temperature. The time at which such thermal aging is performed is not particularly limited, and can be performed within a range of, for example, about 1 minute to 72 hours, but this can be changed as required. The heat treatment temperature in the thermal aging process may be, for example, about 100 ° C to 250 ° C, but may be changed in consideration of the block copolymer to be used.

The solvent aging process may be performed in a non-polar solvent and / or a polar solvent at a suitable room temperature for about 1 minute to 72 hours.

The present application also relates to a method of pattern formation. The above method is a method for selectively removing the first or second block of the block copolymer in a laminate having a substrate and a polymer film formed on the surface of the substrate and self-assembled with the block copolymer . ≪ / RTI > The method may be a method of forming a pattern on the substrate. For example, the method may include forming a polymeric film comprising the block copolymer on a substrate, selectively removing one or more blocks of the block copolymer present in the film, and then etching the substrate . In this way, it is possible to form, for example, a nanoscale fine pattern. In addition, various patterns such as nano-rods, nano-holes, and the like can be formed through the above-described method depending on the type of the block copolymer in the polymer film. If necessary, the block copolymer may be mixed with another copolymer or homopolymer for pattern formation. The type of the substrate to be applied to this method is not particularly limited and may be selected as required. For example, silicon oxide or the like may be applied.

For example, the method can form a nanoscale pattern of silicon oxide that exhibits a high aspect ratio. For example, the polymer film is formed on silicon oxide, and one block of the block copolymer is selectively removed while the block copolymer in the polymer film forms a predetermined structure. Thereafter, the silicon oxide is removed in various ways, for example, , Reactive ion etching, or the like to form various patterns including patterns of nano-rods or nano holes. In addition, it is possible to realize a nano pattern having a large aspect ratio through such a method.

For example, the pattern can be implemented in a scale of several tens of nanometers, and such a pattern can be utilized for various purposes including, for example, a next-generation information electronic magnetic recording medium and the like.

For example, the method can form a pattern in which nanostructures having a width of about 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, nanowires are disposed at intervals of about 20 nm to 80 nm. In another example, it is possible to implement a structure in which a width of about 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, nano holes having a diameter of about 20 nm to 80 nm is formed.

Also, in the above structure, the nanowires and nano holes can have a large aspect ratio.

The method of selectively removing one block of the block copolymer in the above method is not particularly limited. For example, a method of removing a relatively soft block by irradiating an appropriate electromagnetic wave, for example, ultraviolet light, Can be used. In this case, the ultraviolet ray irradiation conditions are determined depending on the type of the block of the block copolymer, and can be performed, for example, by irradiating ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 254 nm for 1 minute to 60 minutes.

Following the ultraviolet irradiation, the polymer membrane may be treated with an acid or the like to further remove the segment decomposed by ultraviolet rays.

The step of selectively etching the substrate using the polymer film from which the block is removed is not particularly limited and may be performed by, for example, a reactive ion etching step using CF 4 / Ar ions, etc., followed by an oxygen plasma Removing the polymer membrane from the substrate by treatment or the like.

The present application can provide a block copolymer and its use that can be used effectively in various applications because of its excellent self-assembly property or phase separation property.

1 to 4 are NMR spectra of block copolymers of Examples and Comparative Examples.
5-7 are SEM or AFM images of self-assembled membranes of block copolymers of the Examples or Comparative Examples.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary method for calculating the K value in Equation 1. FIG.

Hereinafter, the present application will be described in detail by way of examples and comparative examples according to the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited by the following examples.

One. NMR  Measure

NMR analysis was performed at room temperature using an NMR spectrometer including a Varian Unity Inova (500 MHz) spectrometer with a triple resonance 5 mm probe. The analytes were diluted to a concentration of about 10 mg / ml in a solvent for NMR measurement (CDCl ₃ ), and chemical shifts were expressed in ppm.

<Application Abbreviation>

br = broad signal, s = singlet, d = doublet, dd = doublet, t = triplet, dt = double triplet, q = quartet, p = octet, m = polyline.

2. GPC ( Come Permeation Chromatograph )

The number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution were measured using GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography). Add a sample to be analyzed such as a block copolymer or a macroinitiator of the example or comparative example into a 5 mL vial and dilute with tetrahydrofuran (THF) to a concentration of about 1 mg / mL. After that, the calibration standard sample and the sample to be analyzed were filtered through a syringe filter (pore size: 0.45 μm) and then measured. The analytical program used was a ChemStation from Agilent Technologies. The elution time of the sample was compared with a calibration curve to determine the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn), and the molecular weight distribution (PDI ) Were calculated. The measurement conditions of GPC are as follows.

&Lt; GPC measurement condition >

Devices: 1200 series from Agilent Technologies

Column: Using PLgel mixed B from Polymer laboratories

Solvent: THF

Column temperature: 35 ° C

Sample concentration: 1 mg / mL, 200 L injection

Standard samples: Polystyrene (Mp: 3900000, 723000, 316500, 52200, 31400, 7200, 3940, 485)

3. Measurement of X according to Equation 1

The variables D, M, K and L applied to Equation 1 can be obtained by the following methods, respectively.

First, the sample to be analyzed (a homopolymer produced only from the monomer forming the first block or a homopolymer made from only the monomer forming the second block) is put into a solvent (ethanol) in which mass and density in air are known , The densities of the respective blocks are obtained through the masses, and their ratios are calculated.

M can be determined by the ratio of the molar mass of the monomers forming each block of the block copolymer. For example, in the case of each of the block copolymers in Examples, M is a monomer forming the first block 1 is 346.5 g / mol, and the molar mass of pentafluorostyrene forming the second block is 194.1 g / mol. From the ratio, the M can be calculated to be about 1.79.

L can be obtained by the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms of the monomers forming each block of the block copolymer. For example, in the case of each of the block copolymers in Examples, L is a monomer which forms the first block The number of hydrogen atoms in the monomer of Production Example 1 is 34, and the number of hydrogen atoms of pentafluorostyrene forming the second block is 3, and from the ratio, L can be calculated to be about 11.3.

Finally, K can be calculated through the area of the spectrum obtained by the NMR measurement method described above. In this case, when the peaks derived from each block of the block copolymer do not overlap, the area of the peak derived from each block is simply And K can be obtained through the ratio.

However, when there is a portion where peaks derived from each block of the block copolymer overlap, the K should be obtained in consideration of this. For example, FIG. 8 is an exemplary NMR spectrum of a block copolymer comprising a unit derived from a compound of the formula (A) and a unit derived from pentafluorostyrene in Production Example 1 applied in the following examples and comparative examples, In the figure, the portion represented by e and the portion represented by d are peaks derived from the second block, that is, the pentafluorostyrene derived unit, and the remaining a, b, c, f, g, Is a peak originating from a unit derived from the compound of the formula (A) in Production Example 1. As can be seen from the figure, the peaks indicated by e and g are overlapped with the peaks indicated by d and f, and in such a case, the K value should be obtained in consideration of the overlapping.

In this case, a method of obtaining the K value in consideration of the overlapping is known. For example, the above can be obtained by applying an NMR analysis program such as a MestReC program or the like.

Manufacturing example  1. Synthesis of monomer (A)

The compound (DPM-C12) shown below was synthesized in the following manner. Hydroquinone (10.0 g, 94.2 mmol) and 1-bromododecane (23.5 g, 94.2 mmol) were placed in a 250-mL flask and dissolved in 100 mL of acetonitrile. Potassium carbonate was added and reacted at 75 ^° C for about 48 hours under nitrogen. After the reaction, the remaining potassium carbonate was filtered off and acetonitrile used in the reaction was removed. A mixed solvent of DCM (dichloromethane) and water was added thereto to work up, and the separated organic layers were collected and dehydrated by passing through MgSO ₄ . Subsequently, the title compound (4-dodecyloxyphenol) (9.8 g, 35.2 mmol) as white solid was obtained in a yield of about 37% using dichloromethane in column chromatography.

< NMR  Analysis results>

_{^{1 H-NMR (CDCl 3)}} : d6.77 (dd, 4H); d4.45 (s, 1 H); d3.89 (t, 2H); d 1.75 (p, 2H); d1.43 (p, 2H); d 1.33-1.26 (m, 16H); d 0.88 (t, 3 H).

(9.8 g, 35.2 mmol), methacrylic acid (6.0 g, 69.7 mmol), DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) (10.8 g, 52.3 mmol) and DMAP (p-dimethylaminopyridine) , 13.9 mmol), 120 mL of methylene chloride was added, and the reaction was allowed to proceed at room temperature under nitrogen for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the salt (urea salt) formed during the reaction was removed by filtration and the remaining methylene chloride was removed. The resulting product was recrystallized in a mixed solvent of methanol and water (1: 1 mixture) to obtain the title compound (7.7 g, 22.2 mmol) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 63%. &Lt; / RTI &gt;

< NMR  Analysis results>

_{^{1 H-NMR (CDCl 3)}} : d7.02 (dd, 2H); d 6.89 (dd, 2 H); d6.32 (dt, 1 H); d5.73 (dt, 1 H); d 3.94 (t, 2 H); d 2.05 (dd, 3H); d, 1.76 (p, 2H); d1.43 (p, 2H); 1.34-1.27 (m, 16H); d 0.88 (t, 3 H).

(A)

In formula (A), R is a straight chain alkyl group having 12 carbon atoms.

Example  One.

5.0 g of the monomer (A) of Production Example 1, 165 mg of RAFT (cyanoisoproyldithiobenzoate) reagent, 79 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator and 11.9 mL of anisole The mixture was stirred in a 25 mL Schlenk flask under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then subjected to Reversible Addition Ratio Transfer (RAFT) polymerization at 70 ° C for 4 hours. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and dried under reduced pressure to give a giant initiator of pink color. The yield of the macro initiator was about 57.0 wt.%, And the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 10300 and 1.21, respectively.

0.35 g of the macro initiator, 3.2 g of pentafluorostyrene (monomer forming the second block) and 1.2 mL of anisole were placed in a 10 mL Schlenk flask, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then heated at 115 DEG C for 4 hours Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization reaction was carried out. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a pale pink block copolymer. The yield of the block copolymer was about 13% by weight, the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 15,600 and 1.15, respectively. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (A) of Production Example 1 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. The results of &lt; 1 &gt; H NMR analysis of the block copolymer prepared in Example 1 are shown in Fig.

Example  2.

5.0 g of the monomer (A) of Preparation Example 1, 106.5 mg of cyanoisoproyldithiobenzoate as a reversible addition polymerization chain transfer (RAFT) reagent, 79 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator and 11.9 mL of anisole were dissolved in 25 mL Schlenk flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Reversible addition ramentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was carried out at 70 ° C for 4 hours. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and dried under reduced pressure to give a giant initiator of pink color. The yield of the macro initiator was about 57.0 wt%, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 10,400 and 1.19, respectively. 0.3 g of macroinitiator, 3.3 g of pentafluorostyrene monomer and 1.2 mL of benzene were placed in a 10 mL Schlenk flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Reversible addition ramentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization The reaction was carried out. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a pale pink block copolymer. The yield of the block copolymer was about 18% by weight, the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 17,800 and 1.14, respectively. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (A) of Production Example 1 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. The results of &lt; 1 &gt; H NMR analysis of the block copolymer of Example 2 are shown in Fig.

Example  3.

, 5.0 g of the monomer (A) of Preparation Example 1, 456 mg of cyanoisoproyldithiobenzoate (RAFT), 34 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator and 12.8 mL of anisole were added to 25 mL Schlenk flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Reversible addition ramentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was carried out at 70 ° C for 4 hours. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and dried under reduced pressure to give a giant initiator of pink color. The yield of the macro initiator was about 60.0 wt%, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 5,700 and 1.18, respectively. 0.2 g of a macroinitiator, 3.4 g of pentafluorostyrene monomer, and 1.2 mL of anisole were placed in a 10 mL Schlenk flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then subjected to RAFT (Reversible Addition Ratio Transfer) Polymerization reaction was carried out. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a pale pink block copolymer. The yield of the block copolymer was about 16% by weight, the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 59,000 and 1.22, respectively. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (A) of Production Example 1 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. The results of &lt; 1 &gt; H NMR analysis of the block copolymer of Example 3 are shown in Fig.

Comparative Example  One.

5.0 g of the monomer (A) of Preparation Example 1, 106.5 mg of cyanoisoproyldithiobenzoate as a reversible addition polymerization chain transfer (RAFT) reagent, 79 mg of azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator and 11.9 mL of anisole were dissolved in 25 mL Schlenk flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Reversible addition ramentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was carried out at 70 ° C for 4 hours. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a yellow giant initiator. The yield of the macro initiator was about 52.0 wt%, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 9,100 and 1.20, respectively. 0.5 g of a macroinitiator, 4.5 g of pentafluorostyrene monomer and 1.7 mL of anisole were placed in a 10 mL Schlenk flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Reversible addition ramentation chain transfer (RAFT) Polymerization reaction was carried out. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow block copolymer. The yield of the block copolymer was about 15% by weight, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 23,200 and 1.12, respectively. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (A) of Production Example 1 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. The results of &lt; 1 &gt; H NMR analysis of the block copolymer of Comparative Example 1 are shown in Fig.

The results of GPC measurement of each of the macro initiators and the prepared block copolymers in Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized in Table 1 below and the X values of the respective block copolymers of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 2 .

Example Comparative Example One 2 3 One MI
Mn 10300 10400 5700 9100 PDI 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.20 BCP
Mn 15600 17800 59000 23200 PDI 1.15 1.14 1.22 1.12 MI:
BCP: block copolymer
Mn: number average molecular weight
PDI: molecular weight distribution

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 X value 4 3.2 1.18 2 D 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 M Approximately 1.79 Approximately 1.79 Approximately 1.79 Approximately 1.79 K 0.08 0.11 Approximately 1.37 0.25 L Approximately 11.3 Approximately 11.3 Approximately 11.3 Approximately 11.3 D: a ratio (D2 / D1) of the density (D1) of the first block to the density (D2)
M: The molar mass (346.5 g / mol, M1) of the monomer of the formula (A) in Production Example 1, which is the monomer forming the first block, and the molar mass of the monomers, pentafluorostyrene, , M2) (M1 / M2)
K: A ratio (A2 / A1) of an area (A2) of a peak appearing in the second block in the ¹ H-NMR and an area (A2) of a peak appearing in the first block,
L: The number of hydrogen atoms (34, H1) of the monomer of formula (A) in Production Example 1, which is the monomer forming the first block, and the number of hydrogen atoms of pentafluorostyrene, ) (H1 / H2)

Test Example  1. Evaluation of Self-Assembly Characteristics

The coating solution prepared by diluting the block copolymer of Example or Comparative Example to a solid content concentration of 0.7% by weight in fluorobenzene was spin-coated (coating area: width × length = 1.5) on the silicon wafer to a thickness of about 5 nm cm x 1.5 cm), dried at room temperature for about 1 hour, and then thermally annealed at about 160 ° C for about 1 hour to form a self-assembled film. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken of the formed film. FIG. 5 is an AFM image taken in the first embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a SEM image taken in the second embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, in the case of the block copolymer of the Example, the polymer membrane of the cylinder structure was effectively formed, and also in the case of Example 3, the polymer membrane of the cylinder structure was also formed. In contrast, in Comparative Example 1, proper phase separation was not induced in the cylinder structure. FIG. 7 shows the SEM results for Comparative Example 1. From this, it can be confirmed that an effective phase separation of the cylinder structure was not induced.

Claims (15)

A block copolymer having a first block having a branched chain and a second block different from the first block and having an X range of 2.5 to 10 according to the following formula:
[Equation 1]
X = 1 + (D x M) / (K x L)
D is the ratio of the density D1 of the first block to the density D2 of the second block and D is the ratio of the molar mass M1 of the first block to the molar mass of the second block K is the ratio of the area A2 of the peak due to the second block in the ¹ H-NMR to the area A2 of the peak due to the first block A2 / A1), and L is the ratio (H1 / H2) of the number (H1) of hydrogen atoms having 1 mole of the first block repeating unit to the number (H2) of water atoms having 1 mole of the second block repeating unit. A block copolymer having a first block having a branched chain and a second block different from the first block and having an X range of 1.1 to 1.7 according to the following formula 1:
[Equation 1]
X = 1 + (D x M) / (K x L)
D is the ratio of the density D1 of the first block to the density D2 of the second block and D is the ratio of the molar mass M1 of the first block to the molar mass of the second block K is the ratio of the area A2 of the peak due to the second block in the ¹ H-NMR to the area A2 of the peak due to the first block A2 / A1), and L is the ratio (H1 / H2) of the number (H1) of hydrogen atoms having 1 mole of the first block repeating unit to the number (H2) of water atoms having 1 mole of the second block repeating unit. 3. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the block copolymer forms a cylinder structure. 3. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first block or the second block comprises an aromatic structure. 3. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first block comprises an aromatic structure to which side chain chains are connected. 6. The block copolymer according to claim 5, wherein the side chain is linked to the aromatic structure through an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the chain-forming atoms of the side chain chain are 8 or more. 3. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first block includes an aromatic structure to which side chain chains are connected and the second block includes an aromatic structure including a halogen atom. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first block is a block containing a unit represented by the following formula (1):
[Chemical Formula 1]

Wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (= O) ₂ -, a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, C (= O) -X ₁ - or -X ₁ -C (= O) -, wherein X ₁ represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (═O) ₂ -, an alkylene group, And Y is a monovalent substituent group comprising a ring structure having a chain having 8 or more chain forming atoms linked thereto. 3. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second block comprises a block copolymer represented by the following formula (3): &lt; EMI ID =
(3)

In formula 3 X ₂ is a single bond, an oxygen atom, sulfur _{atom, -S (= O) 2 -} , alkylene group, alkenylene group, alkynylene _{group, -C (= O) -X 1} - or -X ₁ -C (= O) - and, in the X ₁ is a single bond, oxygen atom, sulfur _{atom, -S (= O) 2 -} , alkylene group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group, and W is at least one halogen Is an aryl group containing an atom. 3. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number average molecular weight is in the range of 3,000 to 300,000. 3. The block copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersion degree (Mw / Mn) is in the range of 1.01 to 1.60. A polymer membrane comprising the self-assembled block copolymer of claim 1 or claim 2. A method of forming a polymer membrane, which comprises forming a polymer membrane including the block copolymer of claim 1 or 2 on a substrate. And removing the first or second block of the block copolymer from the polymer membrane comprising the self-assembled block copolymer of claim 1 or 2 formed on the surface of the substrate.

Images