KR20150106069A - Bridge linear drain apparatus and the construction method the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bridge linear drain apparatus which comprises: grating water collection ports arranged to be spaced inside a bridge protective wall, wherein a first inflow hole is formed in one surface; a grating connecting the neighboring grating water collection ports, and wherein a second inflow hole is formed in one surface; and a lateral drain coupled to the grating water collection ports. The grating water collection ports and the lateral drain are not left from the bridge protective wall.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a bridge linear drainage apparatus and a construction method thereof,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a bridge waterworks apparatus and a construction method thereof.

Bridges are installed in rivers, canals, lowlands, and valleys so that people and vehicles can pass through them. The bridge consists of a top plate, a barrier formed at the edge of the top plate to prevent fall, and a bridge supporting the top plate. A drainage device for draining water such as rainwater or sewage is installed on the top plate or the barrier wall.

The drainage device includes a point drainage device in which water collecting ports at which water is simultaneously introduced and drained at predetermined intervals, and an upstream water supply device in which an inlet is formed as a whole along the longitudinal direction of the bridge and an outlet is formed at intervals.

The predecessor device is arranged along the top plate and is fixed to the reinforcing bars reinforcing the barrier wall or the top plate. Thereafter, the prefabricated device is partially covered by the concrete pouring around the reinforcing bars.

However, various intermediate processes are carried out, such as placing wires and telecommunication lines therebetween, without fixing the prefabricated devices to the reinforcing bars and proceeding immediately with concrete pouring. Before the concrete is laid, various devices used for fire wall and roof construction move and operate on the roof. It takes a short time in January and a long time more than a year until the bridging floor and the wall are put in place after fixing the senior water system to the reinforcing bar due to the intermediate process.

Since the overhead water system is installed long along the longitudinal direction of the bridge before the concrete pouring, an operator, equipment, At this time, the horizontal and the height, which were set at the initial stage, were shifted and even the old water system was frequently damaged. In this case, the construction period has to be increased because it is necessary to reinstall the old water system or check the horizontal lighting. If the concrete is installed without recognizing the horizontal, height, breakage, etc. of the water supply system, the horizontal and height of the water supply system can not be adjusted.

Registration No. 10-1088163 (2011.11.23) Utility model registration No. 20-0300027 (December 23, 2002)

The present invention provides a bridge pre-watering apparatus with minimized contact of a worker and improved installation performance, and a method of construction thereof.

The bridge water prime mover according to an embodiment of the present invention includes grating collecting gaps which are spaced apart from each other in a bridge and have first inlet holes formed on one surface thereof and second inlet holes connected to neighboring grating collecting holes, A grating, and a transverse drain pipe coupled to the grating catch, wherein the grating catch and the transverse drain pipe do not leave the bridge barrier

The bridge prewatering apparatus may further include a discharge pipe extending a length of the transverse water pipe.

The bridge water preheating apparatus may further include a vertical drain pipe disposed outside the bridge, through which water drained from the horizontal drain pipe flows.

The grating collecting port may further include a main body having a first inlet hole formed on one surface thereof and a discharge port formed on the other surface thereof, and an adjusting portion provided on the main body and adjusting the horizontal and height of the main body.

The control unit may include a plurality of brackets formed on the grating catch, bolts passing through the bracket, and first and second nuts coupled to the bolt with the bracket interposed therebetween.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bridge water treatment apparatus including a grating collecting port and a grating connected to the grating collecting port, wherein the grating collecting port has first inlet holes formed on one surface thereof and a discharge port formed on the other surface thereof A main body, a plurality of brackets provided on the main body, a bolt passing through the bracket, and first and second nuts fastened to the bolt with the bracket interposed therebetween.

The grating includes a body connecting the grating collecting ports, a part of which is opened along the longitudinal direction, an inlet plate detachably coupled to the open portion of the body, and an inlet plate formed with the second inlet holes, And a support bar formed at one side of the opened portion and having an insertion hole into which the inlet plate portion is inserted and a support bar facing the rail and supporting the inlet plate so as not to be pushed into the body, May be formed along the body longitudinal direction.

Inside the grating catch, the grating is formed with guide holes on both sides of the grating catch to guide the end of the grating into the guide hole, and a portion of the upper surface of the grating catch is omitted .

Wherein the vertical water pipe is vertically bent and has first and second guides facing each other with a gap therebetween, a connection panel connecting the first guide and the second guide, And first and second sidewalls facing each other and a cradle that can be disposed outside the bridge and that supports the first and second guides, Can be adjusted.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a bridge pre-watering apparatus, the method comprising the steps of: installing grating collecting ports at a predetermined interval on a reinforcing bar of a barrier installed along a longitudinal direction of a bridge top plate; Connecting a drainage pipe to a discharge port of a catchment, connecting the grating catches after grinding, and pouring concrete around the steel rope.

The bridge pre-watering device may further include coupling the cap to the transverse pipe before the concrete is poured.

The bridge water preheater may further include a step of removing the cap after the concrete is poured, coupling a discharge pipe to the transverse pipe, and installing a longitudinal pipe connected to the discharge pipe outside the top plate.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, since the grating collecting port is fixed to the reinforcing bar and the intermediate process is performed and the grating is installed between the grating collecting holes just before the concrete is poured after the intermediate process, .

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the main body of the grating catch is coupled with a control unit capable of adjusting the horizontal and height of the main body with respect to the upper plate. The adjustment portion includes a bracket connected to the main body, a bolt through which the end penetrates the bracket and can contact the top plate, and first and second nuts fastened to the bolt with the bracket interposed therebetween. The position of the bracket may be changed according to the position where the first and second nuts are fastened to the bolt, and the horizontal and height of the main body may be adjusted. Therefore, it is easy to adjust the height and horizontal of the body by adjusting the bolt.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the width of the grating catch fixed to the reinforcing bar and the length of the transverse draining pipe does not exceed the range of concrete placed in the reinforcing bars. Therefore, when installing the machine, the grating catcher and the transverse catcher pipe are not interfered with the pouring equipment, so that it is easy to pour concrete, and prevent the breakdown that may occur when the pouring equipment comes into contact with the grating catcher and the side drain pipe.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a bridging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.
Fig. 2 is a side view showing a portion of a bridge provided with the bridge pneumatic watering system shown in Fig. 1; Fig.
3 is an exploded perspective view showing the grating catch and grating shown in Fig.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a grating catch along the line IV-IV shown in FIG. 3; FIG.
5 is a cross-sectional view of the grating along the line VV shown in Fig.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the bell pipe shown in Fig. 2; Fig.
7 is an exploded perspective view showing the drain main body shown in Fig.
8 to 13 are views showing a construction step of a bridge pre-watering apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Like parts are designated with like reference numerals throughout the specification.

Hereinafter, a bridge pumping system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The bridge pre-watering apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a grating catch and a grating.

The grating catch and grating of this embodiment are substantially the same as those of the grating catch 100 and the grating 300 shown in Figs. 1 to 5, and will be described below with reference to Figs. 1 to 5.

The grating catch 100 includes a body 110 and an adjuster 200 and may be spaced apart at the barrier wall position of the bridge.

The main body 110 has a predetermined length, and the inside thereof penetrates along the longitudinal direction. Guide holes 113a and 113b for guiding the grating 300 are formed on both sides of the main body 110. At least a portion of both sides of the grating catch 100 are omitted from the guide holes 113a and 113b .

One side of the main body 110 faces toward the center of the upper plate 11 and the other side faces toward the edge of the upper plate 11 when the grating catch 100 is disposed on the barrier wall 12. [

On one side of the main body 110, first inlet holes 111 through which the water of the top plate 11 flows are formed at intervals, and on the other side, a discharge port 112 through which water flowing into the inside is discharged is formed. A flange 130 is formed on the other surface of the main body 110 so as to extend the discharge port 112. However, the flange 130 may be omitted.

A control unit 200 for controlling the horizontal and height of the main body 110 is coupled to the main body 110 with respect to the upper plate 11. The control unit 200 includes a bracket 211, A first nut 213, and a second nut 214.

The brackets 211 are formed on one side of the main body 110 and on the other side of the main body 110 at intervals along the longitudinal direction. The bracket 211 is provided with a hole 211a.

The end of the bolt 212 passes through the hole 211a and the first nut 213 and the second nut 214 are opposed to each other with the bracket 211 interposed therebetween in the state of being fastened to the bolt 212. The position of the bracket 211 is changed according to the position where the first nut 213 and the second nut 214 are fastened to the bolt 212. The height of the main body 110, the horizontal position, and the like are adjusted by adjusting the position of the first nut 213 and the second bolt 212.

The grating catch 100 may be formed by a casting method. The first inlet hole 111 is not formed by attaching a separate panel to the main body 110, but may be integrally formed with the main body 110 . Also, the bracket 211 may be formed at the same time as the main body 110. Therefore, the time required for forming the first inlet hole 111 and the bracket 211 can be shortened, and the use of materials can be minimized. Further, when the panel having the first inlet hole 111 is separately manufactured and connected to the main body 110, the panel may be damaged by the pressure of the incoming water. However, in the present embodiment, the first inlet hole 111 The above-described problem does not occur because the light emitting diode 100 is directly formed on the main body 110.

The grating catch 100 is fixed to the reinforcing bar 121 of the barrier wall 12 by bending, riveting, bolt, welding, or the like, and may be fixed after being horizontally and vertically adjusted.

The grating 300 includes a body 310 and an inflow plate 320 and is disposed between neighboring grating collecting ports 100 to guide the introduced water to the grating collecting port 100.

The grating 300 is for connecting the grating catch 100 arranged along the drain interval. The length of the body 310 is longer than the length of the main body 110. The body 310 is inserted into the main body 110 through the guide holes 113a and 113b. The body 310 and the body 110 may be joined to each other by welding, bolt, rivet, or the like. Between the body 310 and the main body 110, a seal (not shown) for preventing leakage of water may be disposed.

One side of the body 310 is opened along the longitudinal direction, and an inflow plate 320 is installed at the open side.

The inflow plate 320 is formed with second inflow holes 321 through which water is introduced. A rail 312 for fixing the inflow plate 320 is formed around one side of the opening 311. An insertion hole 312a through which the inflow plate 320 is inserted and fixed is formed on the rail 312.

A support bar 313 for supporting the inflow plate 320 is formed on the other side of the opening 311 to prevent the inflow plate 320 from being pushed into the body 310 by the pressure of the inflow water.

When the inside of the body 310 is clogged with garbage or the like, the inflow plate 320 can be separated from the body 310 and the garbage can be removed.

Although the structure of the grating 300 according to the present embodiment has been described above, the grating 300 of the present embodiment can be selectively applied to many configurations known before the present application.

The grilling catch 100 may be installed in various ways such as by fixing the grating catch 100 to the reinforcing bar 121 of the barrier wall 12 and arranging a wire or a communication line, A grating 300 is installed therebetween, and then a concrete pouring is performed. That is, in the case of using the prefabricated apparatus according to the present embodiment, only the grating catch 100 having a relatively short length is installed according to the drain interval, and in the state where the long grating 300 is not installed, Performing the process does not interfere with the movement of the operator or equipment. If the intermediate process is performed while the grating is installed, there is a problem that the grating is horizontally shifted or broken by the operator or equipment during the intermediate process, do.

Next, a bridge pumping system according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The bridge water prime mover according to the present embodiment includes a grating water collecting port 100, a grating 300, a lateral water pipe 400, a discharge pipe 500 and a longitudinal water pipe 600, 11 or the barrier wall 12 to drain water such as rainwater, sewage or the like flowing in the upper plate 11 to the outside of the bridge 1. [

The grating catch and grating of the bridge pumping system according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as the grating catch 100 and the grating 300 according to the embodiment described above. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a detailed description of the grating and the grating will be omitted.

Hereinafter, a bridge pumping system according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7. Fig.

The transverse drain pipe (400) is coupled to the flange (130) to extend the outlet (112). And a portion of the transverse drain pipe 400 is inserted into the flange 130. [ When the flange 130 is omitted, the lateral drain pipe 400 is positioned at the discharge port 112 and coupled to the main body 110. The transverse drain pipe 400 may be formed integrally with the main body 110. The length of the transverse drainage pipe 400 is set according to the thickness of the barrier wall 12.

The transverse drainage pipe (400) discharges the water of the grating catch (100) to the outside of the bridge (1). The lateral water pipe 400 is inclined at a predetermined angle so that the flow of water is smoothly performed.

The sum S of the width W1 of the grating catch 100 and the length L1 of the transverse drain pipe 400 is equal to the thickness T of the barrier wall 12 in which the concrete 122 is placed in the reinforcing bar 121 Or may be short (see FIG. 2). This is to prevent the grating catch 100 and the lateral drain pipe 400 from interfering with the pouring device (not shown) when the concrete 122 is poured around the reinforcing bars 121, particularly when the machine is installed. The transverse drain pipe 400 may be omitted. In this case, the flange 130 may serve as the lateral drain pipe 400.

A discharge pipe 500 for extending the length is coupled to the lateral water pipe 400. When the lateral water pipe 400 is omitted, the discharge pipe 500 can be coupled to the flange 130. The discharge pipe 500 is connected to the transverse pipe 400 after placing the concrete 122 around the reinforcing bars 121. The inside of the grating catch 100 and the side water pipe 400 are communicated with the outside of the barrier wall 12 by the engagement of the discharge pipe 500. The water of the grating catch 100 may be drained to the outside of the bridge 1 through the transverse drainage pipe 400 and the discharge pipe 500. However, the discharge pipe 500 may be omitted. In this case, the water can be discharged directly to the outside of the bridge 1 through the water transverse drainage pipe 400.

The vertical drain pipe 600 includes a drain main body 610 and a mount 620 and is installed outside the bridge 1 to guide the water discharged from the discharge pipe 500 to a river or a ground surface See FIG. 7).

The drainage body 610 includes a first guide 611a, a second guide 611b, a connecting panel 613, a first side wall 614 and a second side wall 615 to guide the flow of water.

The first guide 611a and the second guide 611b are formed identically and face each other with an interval. The first guide 611a and the second guide 611b are vertically bent with respect to the center of the width of the panel having a predetermined width. The first guide 611a and the second guide 611b are formed in a " b " shape. A first fitting hole 612a and a second fitting hole 612b are formed along the longitudinal direction on both widthwise sides of the first guide 611a and the second guide 611b.

The connection panel 613 is positioned between the first guide 611a and the second guide 611b and both sides of the connection panel 613 are connected to the first and second insertion holes 611a and 611b of the first and second guides 611a and 611b 612a. The gap G between the first guide 611a and the second guide 611b is adjusted according to the change of the width W1 of the connection panel 613. [ The width W2 of the connection panel 613 may vary depending on the surrounding environment of the bridge.

The first side wall 614 and the second side wall 615 have a predetermined width and the first side wall 614 is coupled to the second fitting hole 612b of the first guide 611a, 615 are coupled to the second fitting hole 612b of the second guide 611b. The first sidewall 614 and the second sidewall 615 face each other with a gap therebetween. The second side wall 615 is fixed to the second guide 611b by rivets, bolts or the like while being coupled to the second fitting hole 612b.

The drainage pipe 600 is connected to the first sidewall 614 and the second sidewall 615 to form a drainage path for guiding the flow of water. A seal (not shown) for preventing water leakage is provided between the first fitting hole 612a and the connecting panel 613 and between the second fitting hole 612b and the first side wall 614 and the second side wall 615 .

The holder 620 includes a mounting bracket 621 and a mounting angle 622 and supports the drainage body 610 outside the bridge 1. [

The mounting bracket 621 has a predetermined width and the upper side is fixed to the bridge 1 by anchor bolts 621a. A mounting angle 622 is vertically coupled to the lower portion of the mounting bracket 621 to support the drain main body 610. The drainage main body 610 is fixed to the fixing bracket 630 while being placed on the mounting angle 622. The fixing bracket 630 is fixed to the first side wall 614 by rivets, bolts or the like. The vertical drain pipe 600 may be omitted. In this case, the drainage water from the discharge pipe 500 or the transverse drainage pipe 400 can be discharged directly to the outside of the bridge 1.

Next, a construction method of a bridge waterworks apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 13. FIG.

FIG. 8 shows a state in which a grating catch is installed in a reinforcing bar wall, FIG. 9 shows a state in which a side drain pipe is installed in the grating catch, FIG. 10 shows a state in which grating is installed in the grating catch, FIG. 12 shows a state in which a discharge pipe is installed in a lateral water pipe, and FIG. 13 shows a state in which a water pipe is installed in a top pipe.

8, when the reinforcing bars 121 for forming the barrier walls 12 (see FIG. 2) are installed on the edge of the upper plate 11 of the bridge, (100a). The grating collecting receptacle 100 and the grating collecting receptacle 100a are formed such that the first inlet hole 111 is formed on one side of the upper plate 11 and the other side on which the outlet 112 is formed faces the edge of the upper plate 11.

The height and the horizontal height of the grating catch 100 are adjusted with reference to the upper plate 11 by adjusting the adjuster 200. Thereafter, the grating catch 100 is fixed to the reinforcing bar 121 by welding, bending, bolt, rivet, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 9, the side water pipe 400 is coupled to the flange 130 of the installed grating 100 (100a). For the smooth drainage of water, the lateral drain pipe 400 is arranged to be inclined downward as it is far from the outlet 112. The cap 410 is coupled to the end of the lateral water pipe 400. However, coupling of the cap 410 may be omitted.

When installing the grating collecting ports 100a and the lateral draining pipes 400, they are installed so as not to deviate from the range of the concrete poured around the reinforcing bars 121.

When the installation of the grating collecting ports 100a is completed, a communication line, an electric wire or the like is wired around the reinforcing bars 121 and the equipment (not shown) necessary for constructing the bridge 1 is transferred to the upper plate 11, .

Referring to FIG. 10, a grating 300 is installed between neighboring grating collecting ports 100a when the equipment transportation and the intermediate process are completed. Both ends of the grating 300 are inserted into the gratings 100 and 100a.

One end of the grating 300 is inserted into the grating catch 100 through the guide hole 113a of the grating catch 100 on one side. Thereafter, the grating 300 is moved in the direction of the other grating catch 100a, and the other end of the grating 300 is inserted into the other grating catch 100a. Both ends of the grating 300 can be easily inserted into the grating catch 100 (100a) by the guide holes 113a and 113b. Both ends of the grating 300 are inserted into the grating collecting ports 100 and 100a so that the induction holes 113a and 113b are closed and the grating 300 is located on the same line as the grating collecting ports 100 and 100a.

The grating 300 and the gratings 100 and 100a are joined by welding, bolts, rivets, etc., and the grating 300 and the gratings 100 and 100a are sealed. The grating 300 is also fixed to the reinforcing bars 121 by welding, bending, rivets, bolts or the like.

On the other hand, the lateral water pipe 400 can be installed after the grating 300 is installed in the grating catch 100 (100a). The transverse drainage pipe 400 may be coupled to the grating catch 100 (100a) when manufacturing the grating catch 100 (100a).

Referring to FIG. 11, the concrete wall 122 is laid around the reinforcing bars 121 by using a machine pouring device (not shown) to complete the barrier wall 12. At this time, since the grating catch 100 and the side drain pipe 400 are located within the concrete pouring range, they are not interfered with the pouring apparatus. Since the cap 410 is coupled to the side water pipe 400, the concrete does not flow into the side water pipe 400.

12, when the concrete is poured, the cap 410 is removed, and the discharge pipe 500 is connected to the side discharge pipe 400 to extend the side discharge pipe 400 to the outside of the barrier wall 12.

Referring to FIG. 13, a mounting table 620 for supporting the drain main body 610 is installed outside the bridge 1 at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the bridge 1. The width of the drain main body 610 is adjusted according to the surrounding environment of the bridge 1 and the drain main body 610 is disposed on the mount 620 to be connected to the discharge pipe 500. [ The drainage main body 610 is fixed to the mount 620 by the fixing bracket 630 so as not to move. When the installation of the bridging water supply system is completed, ascon construction is carried out on the roof (11). Ascon Corporation can do before installation of the drainage pipe (600).

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, Of the right.

1: Bridge 11: Top plate
12: barrier wall 121: reinforcing bar
122: concrete 100: grating collector
110:
111: first inlet hole 112: outlet
113a, 103b: guide hole 200:
211: bracket 211a: hole
212: bolt 213: first nut
214: second nut 300: grating
310: body 311:
312: rail 312a: insertion hole
313: support bar 320: inlet plate
321: second inflow hole 400: lateral water pipe
410: Cap 500: Discharge tube
600: type water pipe 610: drain water body
611a: first guide 611b: second guide
612a: first fitting hole 612b: second fitting hole
613: connecting panel 614: first side wall
615: second side wall 620:
621: Mounting bracket 622: Mounting angle

Claims (12)

Grating collectors spaced apart in the bridge and having first inlet holes formed on one surface thereof,
A grating connecting adjacent grating collecting holes and having second inlet holes formed on one surface thereof, and
The grating collecting port
/ RTI >
Wherein the grating catch and the transverse drainage pipe do not leave the bridge wall
Bridges. The method of claim 1,
And a discharge pipe extending a length of the lateral water pipe. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Further comprising a vertical drain pipe disposed outside the bridge and through which water drained from the lateral drain pipe flows. The method of claim 1,
Wherein the grating collecting port further comprises a main body having a first inlet hole formed on one surface thereof and a discharge port formed on the other surface thereof, and an adjusting portion provided on the main body and adjusting a horizontal and a height of the main body. 5. The method of claim 4,
The controller
A plurality of brackets formed on the grating catch,
A bolt passing through the bracket, and
And the first and second nuts < RTI ID = 0.0 >
Containing
Bridges. And a grating connected to the grating collector, wherein the grating collector includes a main body having a first inlet hole formed on one surface thereof and a discharge port formed on the other surface thereof, a plurality of brackets provided on the main body, A bolt passing through the bracket, and first and second nuts fastened to the bolt with the bracket interposed therebetween. The method according to claim 4 or 6,
The guide hole is formed at both sides of the main body so as to guide the end of the grating to the inside of the main body. Receiving device. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 6,
In the grating,
A body connecting the grating collecting ports and having a part of one surface thereof opened along the longitudinal direction,
An inlet plate removably coupled to an open portion of the body, the inlet plate having the second inlet holes formed therein,
A rail formed at one side of the open part of the body and having an insertion hole into which a part of the inflow plate is inserted,
A support bar facing the rail and supporting the inflow plate so as not to be pushed into the body,
/ RTI >
The rail and the support bar are formed along the longitudinal direction of the body
Bridges. 4. The method of claim 3,
The bell pipe
The first and second guides being vertically bent and spaced apart,
A connection panel connecting the first guide and the second guide,
First and second side walls coupled to the first guide and the second guide and facing each other, and
A cradle that can be coupled to the bridge and supports the first and second guides
/ RTI >
The distance between the first guide and the second guide is adjusted according to the width of the connection panel
Bridges. Installing grating collecting ports at predetermined intervals on reinforcing bars of a barrier wall installed along the longitudinal direction of the bridge top plate,
Conducting wiring work around the barrier wall,
Coupling a transverse drain pipe to the outlet of the grating catch,
Connecting the grating catches to the grating after finishing the wiring work, and
Placing concrete around the reinforcing bars
Wherein the method comprises the steps of: 11. The method of claim 10,
And joining the cap to the transverse drain pipe prior to the concrete being poured. 12. The method of claim 11,
Removing the cap after the concrete is poured, and coupling the discharge pipe to the transverse pipe;
A step of installing a vertical drain pipe connected to the discharge pipe outside the upper plate
Further comprising the steps of:

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