KR20140031837A - Rudder for a vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rudder 2 for a ship 1. The rudder 2 comprises a rudder blade 3 and a rudder stock 4 which can be connected to the ship 1 so that it can be rotated around the first axis of rotation 5. The rudder blade 3 is connected to the rudder stock 4 by a first arm 6, the first arm 6 being parallel to the first axis of rotation 5 and the first axis of rotation. The rudder blade 3 is fixed to the rudder stock 4 so that the rudder blade 3 can be rotated around the second rotational shaft 7 which is not coincident with (5). The second arm 8 is such that the rudder blade 3 can be moved relative to the second axis of rotation 7 and / or the third axis of rotation 9 and the second axis of rotation 7 and / or the first axis. When it can be rotated around the third axis of rotation 9, it is provided with a third axis of rotation 9 which is parallel and fixed to the first axis of rotation 5.

Description

Other ship for ships {RUDDER FOR A VESSEL}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to ship rudders, and more particularly to marine ship rudders.

The ride according to the invention comprises a rudder blade and a rudder stock which can be connected to the ship so that it can be rotated around the first axis of rotation.

The above mentioned ride is known from GB 488 043 A, in which the rudder blade is hinged to the stern at its front edge. Thus, the rudder blade is rotated substantially around the front edge of the rudder blade when the rudder blade is rotated by the rudder stock. Therefore, the axis of rotation of the rudder blade coincides with the axis of rotation of the rudder stock. The rudder blade is located at the same level as the propeller, relatively close to the propeller of the ship.

Another example of a rudder of the type described above is described in GB 373 656 A, where the rudder blade is rotatably connected to the stern by its front edge. Here too, the rudder blade is rotated around the front edge of the rudder blade when the rudder stock is rotated, the rudder blade being positioned after the ship's propeller.

Another example of a rudder of the type described above is described in US 3,159,132 and a rudder for a small ship is described. Here, the rudder blade is fixed to the rudder stock such that the rudder blade is rotated around its front edge when the rudder stock is rotated. Here too, the rudder blade is located after the ship's propeller.

In rudders of the type described above, when the rudder blade is rotated from its neutral position to an angled position, the vessel does not react very quickly or precisely to the performed rotation of the rudder blade. This makes it difficult to coordinate ships, especially in areas where port areas, water-borne traffic or rocks, icebergs or other obstacle-rich waters can be changed quickly and precisely.

Another problem with rudder of the type described above is that when the rudder blade is moved to the angular position, the rudder stock, the rudder blade and their journaling are exposed to large torque loads. This is due to the rudder blade being journaled at its front edge, which makes the overall length of the rudder blade contribute to the torque load. This requires a robust and strong structure, which results in a heavy other structure, which increases the weight of the vessel, impairs the fuel economy of the vessel and / or reduces the loading capacity.

In addition, it is necessary for the ship's control means for angular displacement of the rudder blade to be able to overcome the large torque acting on the journaling of the rudder blade in order to be able to control the angular movement of the rudder blade. Therefore, it is also possible to require a powerful hydraulic system or other kind of powerful device to control the riding rudder blade of the type described above, which may increase the weight of the ship and complicate the structure.

In the past, attempts have been made to alleviate some of the problems described above by providing a rudder stock that is journaled to the rudder blade at a distance from the front edge of the rudder blade. Examples of such others can be found, for example, in DE 38 14 943 A1.

Based on the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lighter rudder structure to increase the ship's loading capacity and / or to improve fuel economy, while the rudder ship is equipped with a ship at high speed and low speed. It is to provide a rudder that provides better steering performance, including reducing the radius of rotation.

Based on the above, a rudder of the kind mentioned earlier has been provided, wherein the rudder blade is connected to the rudder stock by a first arm and a second arm, the first arm being parallel to the first axis of rotation. And the rudder stock is fixed to the rudder stock so that the rudder blade can be rotated around a second axis of rotation that is not coincident with the first axis of rotation, the second arm providing a third axis of rotation, wherein the third axis of rotation, A fixed position parallel to the first axis of rotation when the rudder blade can be moved about the second axis of rotation and / or the third axis of rotation and can be rotated around the second axis of rotation and / or the third axis of rotation It is characterized by that.

The term "arm" means, by definition, a straight line distance between two points at which a force acts, in this case a straight line distance between a first axis of rotation and a second axis of rotation, for a first arm, for a second arm, It should be understood that it includes an arm having a straight distance between the first axis of rotation and the third axis of rotation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these arms may in fact be provided by various members to which further examples will be given below, such as for example female or rod-shaped members or other shaped members.

Since the front edge of the rudder blade according to the invention is not hinged directly to the rudder stock, the rotation of the rudder stock does not cause the front edge of the rudder blade to move to one side, and the rudder blade always has a third axis of rotation with respect to the first axis of rotation. Since it remains at, the rear edge of the rudder stock is moved to the opposite side. In this way, when the rudder blade is mounted next to the propeller of the ship, the rudder blade captures water flow from both sides as well as from one side of the propeller when the rudder blade is in an angular position. Thus, high steering performance is obtained.

Also, due to the fact that the rudder blade is journaled to the second and third rotational shafts, the torque load in each of the two journalings is less than the load for known other journalings of the type described above. This enables a thinner and lighter structure, increasing the ship's loading capacity and / or fuel economy.

The structure of the rudder also has the effect that the more the rudder blade is sent to an angled position, the closer the rudder blade is to the rudder stock and thus the closer to the propeller of the vessel on which the rudder is to be mounted. This has the effect that the closer the rudder blade is to the propeller, the less part of the flow through the rudder blade in the unaffected state, so that the rudder blade can efficiently capture more flow of water from the propeller.

This other structure also has the effect that as the rudder blade is sent to an angled position, the larger portion of the rudder blade will lie on the other side than on one side of the center plane. This asymmetrical positioning relative to the angled position makes it possible to have a relatively long fin at the rear edge of the rudder blade. Thus, the possibility of very largely affecting the propeller flow at large angular movements of the rudder is obtained. This offers the possibility of a very high degree of adjustability at high and low speeds of the vessel. Thus, at low speeds, the vessel has the potential to rotate substantially around the axis of the vessel itself only by the action of the rear propeller.

In another embodiment, the second axis of rotation and / or the third axis of rotation is in the rudder blade. By having one or both of these axes in the rudder blade, the presence of protrusions that can cause disturbance vortices and undesirable resistance is reduced.

In another embodiment, the shortest distance between the first axis of rotation and the third axis of rotation is greater than the shortest distance between the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation. This provides a particularly preferred pattern of movement of the rudder blades as a function of the rotation of the rudder stock.

In another embodiment, the first axis of rotation is in front of the second axis of rotation and preferably of the front edge of the rudder blade when viewed in the intended flow direction of the water flow passing through the rudder blade in a neutral position of the rudder blade. Located forward, the second axis of rotation is located in front of the third axis of rotation located in front of the rear edge of the rudder blade when viewed in the same direction, preferably in the same direction. This provides a particularly preferred pattern of movement of the rudder blades as a function of the rotation of the rudder stock.

In another embodiment, the first arm comprises a first rod-shaped member extending between at least the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation, and / or the second arm comprises at least the first axis of rotation. And a second rod-shaped member extending between the third axis of rotation, and preferably preferably extending as a rudder heel between the first axis of rotation and the vessel. The rod-like member will produce less undesirable disturbance around the rudder blade. The second rod-like member, which extends further as a rudder heel, in that case provides stability and strength to the entire rudder structure since the rudder blade is fixed to the vessel not only in the rudder stock but also in the second arm as the rudder heel.

In another embodiment, the third axis of rotation is provided as a guide, the guide including a pin and a rectangular recess, the pin having a longitudinal axis of the pin relative to the third axis of rotation. The second arm, parallel to and coincident with the third axis of rotation, wherein the rectangular recess rotates the rudder blade about the second arm when the rectangular recess is moved and rotated around the pin. And the rudder blade to be movable. This is a way to realize a third axis of rotation that produces less undesirable disturbance around the rudder blade. This is due to the fact that since the pins are completely or partially in the recesses in the rudder blade, the parts to be joined together are in the rudder blade.

In another embodiment, the ride further comprises a rudder pin, wherein the rudder pin allows the pin to be rotated relative to the rudder blade about at least a fourth axis of rotation parallel to the first axis of rotation, Hinged to the rudder blade, the pin being connected to the second arm by a third arm fixed to the pin such that the pin can rotate about a fifth axis of rotation that does not coincide with the fourth axis of rotation. Wherein the fifth axis of rotation is an intended flow of water flow passing through the rudder blade at a neutral position of the rudder blade when the second arm extends beyond the third axis of rotation preferably in a direction away from the first axis of rotation. Viewed from the direction, it is preferably located between the third axis of rotation and the fourth axis of rotation. This connection between the pin of the rudder and the other member allows the pin to be sent to an angular position, which, together with the corresponding angular position of the rudder blade, makes the rudder mounted vessel the most maneuverable. For example, the angular movement of the pins greater than 90 ° relative to the neutral position of the pins becomes possible, which has the effect that the vessel will be able to rotate around its own axis without using a lateral propeller.

In another embodiment, as a result of the rotation of the rudder stock at a substantially 7 ° relative to the neutral position, the rotation of the rudder blade at a substantially 5 ° to 30 ° preferably 10 ° to 25 ° relative to the neutral position, and Preferably a rotation of substantially 20 ° to 40 ° preferably 25 ° to 35 ° of the pin with respect to the neutral position occurs, and as a result of the rotation of the rudder stock of substantially 15 ° relative to the neutral position, Substantially 20 ° to 40 ° preferably 25 ° to 35 ° rotation of the rudder blade relative to, and preferably 50 ° to 70 ° rotation of the pin relative to the neutral position preferably occurs from 55 ° to 65 °. And, as a result of the rotation of the rudder stock at substantially 40 ° relative to the neutral position, substantially 35 ° to 55 ° preferably rotation of 40 ° to 50 ° relative to the neutral position, and Preferably a rotation of substantially 95 ° to 115 ° of the pin relative to the neutral position is preferably 100 ° to 110 °. By rotating the rudder stock 40 °, the pin is sent to an angular position greater than 90 ° and located substantially on one side of the center plane, and the rudder blade is located substantially on the other side of the center plane. This means that the direction of most of the flow of water is redirected somewhat, so that the turning radius of the vessel intended to be mounted is significantly reduced. At low speeds, this will allow the vessel to rotate at about one point.

In another embodiment, the rudder blade can be positioned substantially after the propeller of the vessel, preferably after the rear propeller of the vessel, wherein the first axis of rotation and the third axis of rotation coincide after the center of the propeller. Doing. The water flow across the rudder is the largest just after the propeller, and the maximum compressive and tensile forces acting on the rudder blade are generated at this position relative to the propeller of the ship. Thus, this position gives the most efficient use of the rudder blades and therefore the best controllability of the ship.

In another embodiment, the forward edge of the rudder blade in the neutral position of the rudder blade is located at a distance from the first axis of rotation, and / or the rear edge of the rudder blade in the neutral position of the rudder blade. Is located at a predetermined distance from the third axis of rotation. The distance between the front edge of the rudder blade and the first axis of rotation in the neutral position of the rudder blade is preferably such that the front edge of the rudder blade is close to the rudder stock in the neutral position of the rudder blade, but still the rudder blade is to be sent to the angled position. It is only slightly larger than the radius of the rudder stock so that it can pass through the rudder stock. The short distance between the front edge of the rudder blade and the rudder stock in the neutral position of the rudder blade causes this structure to cause further undesirable disturbances in the neutral position of the rudder blade, and the large width to the water flow at the angular position of the rudder blade. Enable influence. The rear edge of the rudder blade is preferably located behind the third axis of rotation in the direction of flow and the distance between the rear edge of the rudder blade and the third axis of rotation in the neutral position of the rudder blade is preferably one quarter of the length of the rudder blade. Is between and three quarters. Thus, the front portion of the rudder blade at the angular position captures the appropriate amount of water flow from one side of the propeller, and the rear portion of the rudder blade at the angular position captures the appropriate amount of water flow from the other side of the propeller.

In the following, another embodiment of the ship according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a side view of another first embodiment according to the invention with the rudder blade in a neutral position and mounted on a ship;
2 is a plan view of the rudder according to the first embodiment, with the rudder blade in the neutral position.
3 is a plan view of the rudder according to the first embodiment, with the rudder blade at a slightly angular position.
4 is a plan view of the rudder according to the first embodiment, with the rudder blade in a more angular position than shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the rudder according to the first embodiment, with the rudder blade in a more angular position than shown in FIG. 4.
6 is a side view of the rudder according to the second embodiment, with the rudder blade in a neutral position and mounted to the ship.
Fig. 7 is a plan view of the rudder according to the second embodiment, with the rudder blade in the neutral position.
8 is a plan view of the rudder according to the second embodiment, with the rudder blade in the angular position.

In the drawings, like reference numerals denote like structures. For the sake of clarity, the rides are shown transparent in FIGS. 2-5 and 7 and 8 so that the interrelationships between the other individual members can be clearly seen.

As used herein, the term "neutral position" of the rudder blade refers to the position where the second arm is parallel to and within the central plane of the longitudinal center plane of the rudder blade. When the rudder is mounted to the vessel, this position will generally be parallel to the upright longitudinal center plane of the vessel.

"Center plane" is an upstanding longitudinal plane in which the longitudinal center plane of the rudder blade is in a neutral position.

The term “angular position” refers to all such positions of the rudder blade in which the longitudinal center plane of the rudder blade is not parallel to the second arm and does not comprise the second arm. When the rudder is mounted on the ship, this means that all such positions of the rudder blades whose longitudinal center plane of the rudder blades are not parallel to the upright longitudinal plane of the vessel, ie those positions of the rudder blades where the rudder blades are rotated into starboard or port, Will mean.

The term "angular movement of the rudder blade" denotes the angle between the longitudinal center plane of the rudder blade at the neutral position between the neutral position of the rudder blade and the angular position of the rudder blade.

The term “length of rudder blade” refers to the distance from the front edge of the rudder blade to the rear edge of the rudder blade along the longitudinal center plane of the rudder blade.

The term "height of the rudder blade" refers to the distance from the upper edge of the rudder blade to the lower edge of the rudder blade along the longitudinal center plane of the rudder blade.

The term “neutral position of the pin” refers to the position of the pin where the upright longitudinal plane of the pin substantially coincides with the upright longitudinal plane of the rudder blade at the neutral position.

Depending on the additional design of the rudder blade, the front edge, back edge, top edge and / or bottom edge may be formed as faces rather than actual edges. Thus, it will be understood that the "front edge", "back edge", "top edge" and / or "bottom edge" may be formed as faces.

The term "after ..." indicates that the rudder blade is directly behind the propeller when viewed in the general direction of the flow of water flow from the propeller in operation.

In figure 1 an embodiment of a rudder 2 according to the invention is shown. The rudder 2 is mounted on the ship 1, and only the stern of the ship is shown in FIG. The rudder 2 includes a rudder blade 3 and a rudder stock 4. The rudder stock 4 is shown connected to the vessel 1 rotatably about the first axis of rotation 5. The rudder stock 4 is rotated by control means on or in the ship, such as a steering wheel, control stick, joystick or other means (not shown). Although the rear propeller of the vessel 1 is not shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the rudder blade 3 may be positioned substantially after the rear propeller of the vessel. However, it is conceivable that the rudder blades will be located after other types of propellers of the vessel other than the rear propellers, such as for example lateral propellers or forward propellers. The rudder blades may also be mounted on ships without propellers or at locations other than after the ship's propellers, such as sailing ships or ships propelled by furnaces or the like.

The rudder stock 4 is located outside of the rudder blade 3. The rudder blade 3 is connected to the rudder stock 4 by two first arms 6 respectively fixed to the rudder stock 4. Thus, the two first arms 6 are not moved relative to the rudder stock 4. The two first arms 6 are rudder so that the rudder blade 3 can be rotated around a second axis of rotation 7 parallel to the first axis of rotation 5 and not coincident with the first axis of rotation 5. It is rotatably connected to the blade (3).

Both the first arm 6 extend between the first axis of rotation 5 and the second axis of rotation 7, ie between the rudder stock 4 and the journaling 23 of the first arm 6 in the rudder blade 3. It turns out that it is formed as the rod-shaped member 12 which becomes. It is to be understood that the first arm does not necessarily have to be rod-shaped, but may also take other shapes such as, for example, a crescent or bent shape. The protrusion on the rudder stock, such as the toothed, disc, cylindrical or polygonal protrusion on the rudder stock 4, as long as the first arm also provides the distance between the first and second rotational axes 5 and 7. Or its diameter may vary. Regardless of its shape, the first arm 6 need not be parallel as long as it provides a second axis of rotation 7 parallel to the first axis of rotation 5 but not coincident with the first axis of rotation 5.

While the illustrated embodiment of the rudder 2 is provided with two first arms 6, it should be understood that only one first arm or more first arms may be provided. In the latter case, if at least one first arm is to be located between the two first arms 6 shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the at least one arm located on the rudder blade is responsible for the movement of the rudder blade 3. It may be necessary to have the shape of the first arm 6 which enables movement of the rudder blade to the side, so as not to interfere. Alternatively, during the movement of the rudder blade to the side, a notch or recess may be provided in the rudder blade to allow the first arm to penetrate the rudder blade.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a second arm 8 is further provided, the second arm 8 being a third axis of rotation parallel to the first axis of rotation 5 and fixed with respect to the first axis of rotation 5. Provide (9). It should be understood that "second arm" should be considered the meaning given above, that is, the straight line distance between the two points on which the force acts. In the illustrated embodiment, the second arm 8 is embodied in part by a rod-shaped member 13 at the lower edge of the rudder blade 3, in part at the upper edge of the rudder blade 3. It is implemented by a kind of suspension. Other embodiments are conceivable in which the second arm 8 is provided solely by the suspension or by one or more rod-shaped members 13.

The rudder blade 3 can be moved about a third axis of rotation 9 provided as a guide 15 and can be rotated around the third axis of rotation 9. In the following, the guide 15 at the lower edge of the rudder blade will be described in more detail. It should be understood that similar considerations apply to the guide portion 15 provided at the upper edge of the rudder blade. The guide portion 15 is provided on the second arm 8 such that the longitudinal axis 17 of the pin 16 is parallel to the third rotation axis 9 and coincides with the third rotation axis 9. And a pin 16. As best seen in FIGS. 2 to 5, the guide part 15 also has a rudder blade (when the rectangular recess 18 is moved and rotated around the pin 16 by the rotation of the rudder blade 3). It further comprises a rectangular recess 18 provided on the lower surface (top, respectively) of the rudder blade 3 so that 3) can be rotated and moved relative to the second rod-shaped member 13.

Sliding and rotatable journaling of the rudder blades relative to the third axis of rotation can be configured in other ways. For example, the pin may be provided on the rudder blade instead of the second rod-shaped member 13 and the rectangular recess may correspondingly be provided on the second rod-shaped member 13 rather than the rudder blade. Other solutions, such as fork pins, are conceivable, where the fork pins are provided on the second rod member 13 which can be rotated relative to the fork pins, and the rudder between the two fork legs of the fork pins. The blade can be moved.

In the embodiment shown, the rod-shaped member 13 extends as a rudder heel 14 between the third axis of rotation 9 and the vessel 1. It should be understood that the rod-shaped member 13 does not need to extend completely towards the ship as a rudder heel. The rod-shaped member can only extend between the first and third rotational axes. In such a case, it would be advantageous for the superstructure on the ship to be strong enough to suspend from the taggered superstructure. It should also be understood that two rod members 13 may be provided, one above the rudder blade and one below the rudder blade.

As best seen in FIGS. 2 to 5, the third axis of rotation 9 is in the rudder blade 3. First rotation axis (5) and the third axis of rotation (9) the shortest distance (a _{1 -3)} is between is greater than the shortest distance between the first rotation axis 5 and second rotation axis (7) (a _{1 -2)} Is shown.

As can be seen from Figure 2, the first rotating shaft (5), the rudder blade (3) as viewed from the direction of flow (r _s) of the water flow passing through the rudder blade (3) in the neutral position, the second axis of rotation (7) It is located in front of the front and front edge 10 of the rudder blade 3. The second axis of rotation 7 is located in front of the third axis of rotation 9 which is located in front of the rear edge 11 of the rudder blade 3 when viewed in the same direction.

Referring to the distance between the front edge 10 of the rudder blade 3 and the first axis of rotation 5 in the neutral position of the rudder blade 3, the distance is only slightly larger than the radius of the rudder stock 4, and the rudder The front edge 10 of the blade 3 is close to the rudder stock 4 in the neutral position of the rudder blade 3, but can pass through the rudder stock 4 when the rudder blade 3 is in an angular position. In the illustrated embodiment, the distance between the rear edge 11 of the rudder blade 3 and the third axis of rotation 9 in the neutral position of the rudder blade 3 is 4/10 to 5 / of the length of the rudder blade 3. 10. Other embodiments in which these distances differ from those described above are also conceivable.

A pin 19 is provided on the rudder 2, which pin 19 has a rudder blade 3 about a fourth rotational axis 20 in which the fins 19 are at least parallel to the first rotational axis 5. Hinged relative to the rudder blade 3 so that it can be rotated about The pin 19 is connected to the second arm 8 by a third arm 21. The third arm 21 is fixed to the pin 19 along the lower edge of the pin 19 and rotatably connected to the second arm 8 so that the pin 19 coincides with the fourth axis of rotation 20. It may be rotated around the fifth axis of rotation (22) not. In the embodiment shown, the fifth axis of rotation 22 does not coincide with any of the other axes of rotation 5, 7, 9, 20. In the embodiment shown, the second arm 8 extends in the direction r _s from the first rotational axis 5 past the third rotational axis 9 and towards the fourth rotational axis 20. Thus, the fifth axis of rotation 22 is between the third axis of rotation 9 and the fourth axis of rotation 20 when the third arm 21 is journaled to the fifth axis of rotation at the second arm 8. The third arm 21 is provided in the shape of a cornered bar member, the first leg portion 21a of the third arm extends along the length of the pin 19, and the second of the third arm. The leg portion 21b is parallel to the fifth axis of rotation 22 and extends coincident with the fifth axis of rotation 22. It should also be understood that, as mentioned in connection with the second arm, a third arm may be provided at the upper edge of the rudder blade depending on the further structure and suspension of the other. It is also to be understood that the third arm may take a different shape in other embodiments, as mentioned in connection with the first arm. Other embodiments without pins are also conceivable.

As best seen in FIG. 1, the length of the rudder blade 3 has about three quarters of the length of the entire rudder blade 3 and the pin 19, and the pin 19 takes the remaining quarter. . It is to be understood that such relationships may vary in other embodiments of the invention. Thus, the rudder blade may have a length between one half and the entire length of the rudder blade and the pin, and the pin may correspondingly have a length between one half and zero of the rudder blade and the pin.

The rudder is intended for use in a wide range of ships of various shapes and sizes, and is intended to be adapted by control of its scale. Thus, the height of the rudder blade and the pin is typically between 20 cm and 15 m, the length of the rudder blade is between 20 cm and 7 m, and the length of the pin is between 5 cm and 3 m. The size of the lower area range would be suitable for small vessels such as dinghies, and the size of the upper area range would be suitable for large vessels such as passenger ships, oil tankers, container ships.

Despite the absolute magnitude of the other, it is desirable to have a specific correlation between a given rotation of the rudder stock and the resulting rotation of the rudder blades and pins, the correlation being the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth Obtained by proper mutual positioning of the axis of rotation. As can be seen from the figure, the distance between the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation takes about 2/5 of the distance between the first axis of rotation and the fourth axis of rotation, and the distance between the first axis of rotation and the third axis of rotation is equal to the fourth axis of rotation. It takes about 3/5 of the distance between the rotational axes, and the distance between the first and fifth rotational axes takes about 4/5 of the distance between the first and fourth rotational axes. It is to be understood that the other advantages described above will be obtained within a specific range of these relative mutual distances. Thus, the distance between the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis may vary between 1/5 and 3/5 of the distance between the first and fourth rotational axes, and the distance between the first and third rotational axes is Can vary between 2/5 and 4/5 of the distance between the fourth axis of rotation, and the distance between the first and fifth axis of rotation is between 3/5 and 9/10 of the distance between the first and fourth axis of rotation. Can change. It is to be understood that the other advantages described above will be obtained within a specific range of these relative mutual distances.

2 to 5 show the correlation between the angular shift v _s of the rudder stock 4, the resulting angular shift v _b of the rudder blade 3, and the angular shift v _f of the pin 19. Illustrated illustratively. 2 to 5 show the rudder 2 in a position where the angular movement of the rudder blade 3 and the pin 19 increases. In Fig. 2, the rudder blade 3 and the pin 19 are shown in the neutral position, in the neutral position, the angular movement of the rudder stock (v _s ), the angular movement of the rudder blade (v _b ) and the angular movement of the pin. (v _f ) is zero. In FIG. 3, the rudder stock 4 was rotated v _s = 7 ° clockwise from the neutral position. As can be seen, it generated a rotation of v _b = about 17 ° of the rudder blade 3 with respect to the neutral position, and a rotation of v _f = about 32 ° of the pin 19 with respect to the neutral position. In FIG. 4, the rudder stock 4 was rotated v _s = 15 ° clockwise from the neutral position. It generated a rotation of v _b = about 30 ° of the rudder blade 3 with respect to the neutral position, and a rotation of v _f = about 58 ° of the pin 19 with respect to the neutral position. In FIG. 5, the rudder stock 4 has been rotated clockwise by v _s = 40 ° from the neutral position. As can be seen, it produced a rotation of v _b = about 44 ° of the rudder blade 3 with respect to the neutral position, and a rotation of v _f = about 106 ° of the pin 19 with respect to the neutral position. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the angular movement of the rudder stock resulting in different angular positions of the rudder blades and pins is acceptable and still provides at least some of the advantages described above with respect to good maneuverability, reduction of turning radius, and the like. In particular for other embodiments not having a pin, it may be desirable to have a large angular shift of the rudder blade at an angular shift of the rudder stock than that illustrated above.

6 to 8 show another embodiment of the rudder 2 according to the invention. The rudder 2 is shown to have a structure that is broadly similar to the rudder according to the first embodiment. Therefore, in the following, we will focus on the differences.

As can be seen, the rudder blade 3 according to the second embodiment can be rotated about the second axis of rotation 7 and can be moved about the second axis of rotation 7 and rotated around the third axis of rotation 9. Can be. Other embodiments are contemplated in which the rudder blade may be rotated about the second and third rotational axes and may be moved about the second and third rotational axes.

Also, the rudder 2 according to the second embodiment is shown fixed to the vessel 1 solely by the rudder stock 4 and the rudder heel 14. The rudder according to the second embodiment can also be fixed to the ship in the same manner as in the first embodiment or vice versa.

1: ship 2: other
3: rudder blade 4: rudder stock
5: 1st rotation axis 6: 1st arm
7: 2nd rotation axis 8: 2nd arm
9: third axis of rotation 10: front edge of rudder blade
11: rear edge of the rudder blade 12: first rod-shaped member
13: second rod member 14: rudder heel
15: Guide 16: pin
17: longitudinal axis of the pin 18: rectangular recess
19: fin 20: fourth rotating shaft
21: third arm 21a: first leg of the third arm
21b: second leg 22 of third arm: fifth axis of rotation
23: Journal of the first arm against the rudder blade
a _{1 -3} : shortest distance between the first and third rotational axes
a _{1 -2} : shortest distance between the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation
r _s : direction of flow
v _s : Shift angle of rudder stock
v _b : Angle shift of rudder blade
v _f : angle shift of pin

Claims (10)

In the rudder 2 for the ship 1,
Rudder blade (3), and
Rudder stock (4), which can be connected to the vessel (1) so that it can be rotated around the first axis of rotation (5)
/ RTI >
The rudder blade 3 is connected to the rudder stock 4 by a first arm 6 and a second arm 8,
The first arm 6 is such that the rudder blade 3 can be rotated around a second axis of rotation 7 parallel to the first axis of rotation 5 and not coincident with the first axis of rotation 5. Is fixed to the rudder stock (4),
The second arm 8 provides a third axis of rotation 9,
The third axis of rotation is such that the rudder blade 3 can be moved relative to the second axis of rotation 7 and / or the third axis of rotation 9 and the second axis of rotation 7 and / or the third axis of rotation. (9) when it can be rotated about, parallel to and fixed to the first axis of rotation 5,
Rudder for ships (2). The method of claim 1,
Said second axis of rotation (7) and / or said third axis of rotation (9) is in said rudder blades (3). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the shortest distance between the first axis of rotation 5 and said third axis of rotation (9) (a _{1 -3)} is the shortest distance between the first rotation axis 5 and second rotation axis (7) (a _{1 -2} Rudder (2), greater than). 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The first axis of rotation 5 is forward of the second axis of rotation 7 when viewed in the intended flow direction r _s of the water flow passing through the rudder blade 3 at the neutral position of the rudder blade 3. And preferably in front of the front edge 10 of the rudder blade 3,
The second axis of rotation 7 is located in front of the third axis of rotation 9 located in front of the rear edge 11 of the rudder blade 3 when viewed in the same direction, preferably in the same direction. Confused,
Rudder for ships (2). 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The first arm 6 comprises a first rod-shaped member 12 extending between at least the first axis of rotation 5 and the second axis of rotation 7 and / or
The second arm 8 comprises a second rod-shaped member 13 extending between at least the first axis of rotation 5 and the third axis of rotation 9, and preferably the first axis of rotation 5. And extends as a rudder heel 14 between the vessel 1 and
Rudder for ships (2). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The third rotary shaft 9 is provided as a guide portion 15,
The guide 15 comprises a pin 16 and a rectangular recess 18,
The pin 16 is attached to the second arm 8 such that the longitudinal axis 17 of the pin 16 is parallel to the third axis of rotation 9 and coincides with the third axis of rotation 9. Equipped,
The rectangular recess 18 allows the rudder blade 3 to rotate and move relative to the second arm 8 when the rectangular recess 18 is moved and rotated around the pin 16. So that the rudder blade 3 is provided,
Rudder for ships (2). 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Further includes a rudder fin 19,
The rudder pin 19 allows the pin 19 to be rotated relative to the rudder blade 3 at least about a fourth axis of rotation 20 parallel to the first axis of rotation 5. Hinged to (3),
The pin 19 has a third arm 21 fixed to the pin 19 so that the pin 19 can be rotated around a fifth axis of rotation 22 that is not coincident with the fourth axis of rotation 20. Is connected to the second arm 8 by
The fifth rotational shaft 22 of the rudder blade 3 when the second arm 8 extends past the third rotational shaft 9 in a direction away from the first rotational shaft 5 preferably. Viewed in the intended flow direction r _s of the water flow passing through the rudder blade 3 in a neutral position, preferably located between the third axis of rotation 9 and the fourth axis of rotation 20,
Rudder for ships (2). 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
As a result of the rotation of the rudder stock 4 at substantially 7 ° relative to the neutral position, the rotation of substantially 5 ° to 30 ° preferably 10 ° to 25 ° relative to the neutral position, and Preferably a rotation of substantially 20 ° to 40 ° preferably 25 ° to 35 ° of the pin 19 with respect to the neutral position occurs,
As a result of the rotation of the rudder stock 4 at a substantially 15 ° relative to the neutral position, a rotation of substantially 20 ° to 40 ° preferably 25 ° to 35 ° relative to the neutral position, and Preferably a rotation of substantially 50 ° to 70 ° preferably 55 ° to 65 ° of the pin 19 with respect to the neutral position occurs,
As a result of the rotation of the rudder stock 4 at a substantially 40 ° relative to the neutral position, the rotation of the rudder blade 3 at a substantially 35 ° to 55 ° preferably 40 ° to 50 °, and Preferably a rotation of substantially 95 ° to 115 ° preferably 100 ° to 110 ° of the pin 19 with respect to the neutral position occurs,
Rudder for ships (2). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The rudder blade 3 can be positioned substantially after the propeller of the vessel 1, preferably after the rear propeller of the vessel 1,
The first axis of rotation 5 and the third axis of rotation 9 coincide after the center of the propeller,
Rudder for ships (2). 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
In the neutral position of the rudder blade 3 the front edge 10 of the rudder blade 3 is located at a distance from the first axis of rotation 5 and / or
In the neutral position of the rudder blade 3 the rear edge 11 of the rudder blade 3 is located at a predetermined distance from the third axis of rotation 9,
Rudder for ships (2).

Images