EP2371701A1 - Ship such as a tug with azimuting tractor drive - Google Patents
Ship such as a tug with azimuting tractor drive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2371701A1 EP2371701A1 EP10157085A EP10157085A EP2371701A1 EP 2371701 A1 EP2371701 A1 EP 2371701A1 EP 10157085 A EP10157085 A EP 10157085A EP 10157085 A EP10157085 A EP 10157085A EP 2371701 A1 EP2371701 A1 EP 2371701A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ship
- skegs
- accordance
- propulsion
- hull
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/66—Tugs
- B63B35/68—Tugs for towing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/66—Tugs
- B63B35/70—Tugs for pushing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/14—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers characterised by being mounted in non-rotating ducts or rings, e.g. adjustable for steering purpose
- B63H5/15—Nozzles, e.g. Kort-type
Definitions
- the invention concerns a ship such as a tug in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
- a ship such as a tug in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
- Such ships are known as azimuting tractor drive tugs and are in use as stable and easy manoeuvrable platforms for inland, harbour, or offshore towing and ship assistance.
- the known ships have a central course stabilising skeg and the configuration of the propulsion and steering units and the front of the central skeg lead to a course keeping instability.
- This instability means difficult and even unpredictable steering behaviour.
- This is a disadvantage in terms of safety in ship handling.
- the cause of this instability is the interaction of the two propulsion jets generated by the propulsion and steering units located in front of the central skeg.
- the direction of the propulsion jet makes an angle with the centre line of the hull and one propulsion jet creates an asymmetrical flow against the vertical front of the central skeg.
- This asymmetric flow against the central skeg can generate a steering torque on the hull that counteracts the steering torque generated by the propulsion jets of the propulsion and steering units. This leads to unexpected instability.
- the ship is in accordance with claim 1. It has appeared that the two rear skegs keep the ship on course and give the ship predictable steering characteristics while free sailing.
- the ship is according to claim 2.
- the skegs do not generate sideways forces during vertical movements of the skegs in the water if the skegs move in vertical direction relative to the water due to movement of the ship or due to waves.
- the ship is according to claim 3.
- the propulsion jet of one of the propulsion and steering units can flow between the rear skegs, which leads to increased predictability of the steering behaviour caused by the rear skegs.
- the ship is according to claim 4.
- the propulsion jets create a flow on both sides of the rear skegs, which increases the stabilising forces.
- the ship is according to claim 5.
- the rear skegs extend sufficient deep in the water so that a lateral movement of the hull creates lateral resistance on the rear skegs to improve the course keeping stability of the ship.
- the ship is according to claim 6.
- the full height of the propulsion jets influences the flow on and/or around the rear skegs, and so the course stabilising influence of the rear skegs improves.
- the ship is according to claim 7.
- the rear skegs have a minimal flow resistance.
- the ship is according to claim 8. In this way, the stabilizing effect of the rear skegs increases during straight course sailing and small steering angles.
- the ship is according to claim 9.
- the struts and the rear skegs can support the ship during docking.
- Figure 1 shows a side view of a tug according to the prior art
- Figure 2 shows a rear view of the tug of figure 1
- Figure 3 shows a side view of a tug according the invention
- Figure 4 shows a rear view of the tug of figure 3 .
- FIGS 1 and 2 show a tug 1 according to the prior art in water with a waterline 3 according to maximum draught.
- the tug 1 has a hull 8 with a foreship 2 and an aft ship 10 and has a length that is less than 3.0 times the beam and approximately 1.9 times the beam.
- Such a tug 1 is suitable for use in inland, harbour, or offshore towing and ship assistance and offers a stable platform for a crew to work on.
- the tug 1 has a wheelhouse 14 and has all necessary equipment for its intended use.
- the hull 8 has two propulsion and steering units 6 that are located near the foreship 2 forward of the amidships and extending under the hull 8. There is no rudder and there is no other active steering equipment.
- Each propulsion and steering unit 6 has a propeller 7 that rotates around an approximately horizontal propeller axis 5.
- the propeller 7 also rotates around an approximately vertical steering axis 4 to change the direction of a propulsion jet generated by the propeller 7 and so steers the tug 1.
- the rotational speeds of the propellers 7 can be different so that the starboard and port propulsion and steering units 6 generate different propulsion forces.
- the aft ship 10 is V-shaped; figure 2 schematically shows the section lines 19 indicating this shape.
- the aft ship 10 has a centre skeg 9 that extends in longitudinal direction under the centre of the hull 8 to the stern.
- Figures 3 and 4 show an embodiment of the tug 1 wherein the aft ship 10 does not have one centre skeg 9 but has two side skegs 18 that are located symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tug 1.
- the side skegs 18 are located at the width of the vertical steering axis 4 of the propulsion and steering unit 6 so that they extend in the propulsion jet generated by the propeller 7 and the side skegs 18 are located as far aft as possible.
- the side skegs 18 extend downwards at least to under the largest depth of the hull 8 and in the shown embodiment they extend as deep as the propulsion and steering units 6.
- the distance between the side skegs 18 is considerable so that during sailing of the tug 1 there is a stable flow of water between the side skegs 18.
- the side skegs 18 are positioned at approximately 0,25 times the width of the vessel from the centre line of the tug 1; the distance between the side skegs 18 is at least a propeller diameter.
- the side skegs 18 have a profiled shape with a rounded front and ending with a minimal thickness. Such a profile ensures a flow that makes an inflow angle with the longitudinal centreline of the side skeg 18 generates a lift force.
- a suitable profile for the described embodiment is a NACA 0018 profile, which makes an inflow angle of approximately 14° possible without loss of lift force.
- a similar profile with an increased thickness would allow an increased inflow angle but would lead to an increase in flow resistance as well which might be advantageous in some circumstances.
- a similar profile with a decreased thickness would have reduced flow resistance but would lead to loss of lift force at a smaller inflow angle and would reduce the course stabilising effect of the side skegs 18 but depending on the circumstance might be most suitable.
- the foreship 2 can be provided with struts 15 that can be connected to a dock support 16, these are indicated in figures 3 and 4 with interrupted lines. These struts 15 are in the centreline of the tug 1 between the propulsion and steering units 6 and the dock support 16 has a depth that is more than the propulsion and steering units 6 so that during docking the propulsion and steering units remain free from a docking surface.
- the side skegs 18 have the same depth as the dock support 16 so that the underside of the side skegs 18 and the dock support 16 form a horizontal support plane 17. In other embodiments, there are struts 15 that together with the skegs 18 support the tug in dock.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Gear Transmission (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a ship such as a tug comprising a hull (2) with a foreship and an aft ship and a length that is less than 3.0 times and preferably less than 2.5 times a beam of the hull, located forward of the amidships two propulsion and steering units (6) with propellers (7) having approximately horizontal rotation-axes forming a main active steering equipment, and rearward of the amidships preferably near the aft ship a stationary course stabilising skeg (18).
In accordance with the invention, two rear skegs located symmetrical on both sides of the hull's centreline form the course stabilising skeg.
In accordance with the invention, two rear skegs located symmetrical on both sides of the hull's centreline form the course stabilising skeg.
Description
- The invention concerns a ship such as a tug in accordance with the preamble of claim 1. Such ships are known as azimuting tractor drive tugs and are in use as stable and easy manoeuvrable platforms for inland, harbour, or offshore towing and ship assistance. The known ships have a central course stabilising skeg and the configuration of the propulsion and steering units and the front of the central skeg lead to a course keeping instability. This instability means difficult and even unpredictable steering behaviour. This is a disadvantage in terms of safety in ship handling. The cause of this instability is the interaction of the two propulsion jets generated by the propulsion and steering units located in front of the central skeg. When steering, the direction of the propulsion jet makes an angle with the centre line of the hull and one propulsion jet creates an asymmetrical flow against the vertical front of the central skeg. This asymmetric flow against the central skeg can generate a steering torque on the hull that counteracts the steering torque generated by the propulsion jets of the propulsion and steering units. This leads to unexpected instability. In order to overcome the disadvantage the ship is in accordance with claim 1. It has appeared that the two rear skegs keep the ship on course and give the ship predictable steering characteristics while free sailing.
- In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to claim 2. In this way, the skegs do not generate sideways forces during vertical movements of the skegs in the water if the skegs move in vertical direction relative to the water due to movement of the ship or due to waves.
- In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to
claim 3. In this way, the propulsion jet of one of the propulsion and steering units can flow between the rear skegs, which leads to increased predictability of the steering behaviour caused by the rear skegs. - In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to
claim 4. In this way, while free sailing in a straight line the propulsion jets create a flow on both sides of the rear skegs, which increases the stabilising forces. - In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to
claim 5. In this way, the rear skegs extend sufficient deep in the water so that a lateral movement of the hull creates lateral resistance on the rear skegs to improve the course keeping stability of the ship. - In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to
claim 6. In this way, the full height of the propulsion jets influences the flow on and/or around the rear skegs, and so the course stabilising influence of the rear skegs improves. - In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to
claim 7. In this way, the rear skegs have a minimal flow resistance. - In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to
claim 8. In this way, the stabilizing effect of the rear skegs increases during straight course sailing and small steering angles. - In accordance with an embodiment, the ship is according to
claim 9. In this way, the struts and the rear skegs can support the ship during docking. - Hereafter the invention is explained with the aid of two embodiments of a ship with the aid of a drawing. In the drawing
Figure 1 shows a side view of a tug according to the prior art,
Figure 2 shows a rear view of the tug offigure 1 ,
Figure 3 shows a side view of a tug according the invention, and
Figure 4 shows a rear view of the tug offigure 3 . -
Figures 1 and2 show a tug 1 according to the prior art in water with awaterline 3 according to maximum draught. The tug 1 has ahull 8 with a foreship 2 and anaft ship 10 and has a length that is less than 3.0 times the beam and approximately 1.9 times the beam. Such a tug 1 is suitable for use in inland, harbour, or offshore towing and ship assistance and offers a stable platform for a crew to work on. On theaft ship 10 there is abollard 12 and awinch 13 and around theaft ship 10 there is afender 11; these equipments are used for assisting and towing ships and barges. The tug 1 has awheelhouse 14 and has all necessary equipment for its intended use. - The
hull 8 has two propulsion andsteering units 6 that are located near the foreship 2 forward of the amidships and extending under thehull 8. There is no rudder and there is no other active steering equipment. Each propulsion andsteering unit 6 has apropeller 7 that rotates around an approximatelyhorizontal propeller axis 5. Thepropeller 7 also rotates around an approximatelyvertical steering axis 4 to change the direction of a propulsion jet generated by thepropeller 7 and so steers the tug 1. In addition, for steering the tug 1 the rotational speeds of thepropellers 7 can be different so that the starboard and port propulsion andsteering units 6 generate different propulsion forces. - The
aft ship 10 is V-shaped;figure 2 schematically shows thesection lines 19 indicating this shape. For improving the straight-line stability of the tug 1, theaft ship 10 has acentre skeg 9 that extends in longitudinal direction under the centre of thehull 8 to the stern. -
Figures 3 and4 show an embodiment of the tug 1 wherein theaft ship 10 does not have onecentre skeg 9 but has twoside skegs 18 that are located symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tug 1. In the shown embodiment, theside skegs 18 are located at the width of thevertical steering axis 4 of the propulsion andsteering unit 6 so that they extend in the propulsion jet generated by thepropeller 7 and theside skegs 18 are located as far aft as possible. The side skegs 18 extend downwards at least to under the largest depth of thehull 8 and in the shown embodiment they extend as deep as the propulsion andsteering units 6. The distance between theside skegs 18 is considerable so that during sailing of the tug 1 there is a stable flow of water between the side skegs 18. In the shown embodiment, theside skegs 18 are positioned at approximately 0,25 times the width of the vessel from the centre line of the tug 1; the distance between theside skegs 18 is at least a propeller diameter. - The
side skegs 18 have a profiled shape with a rounded front and ending with a minimal thickness. Such a profile ensures a flow that makes an inflow angle with the longitudinal centreline of theside skeg 18 generates a lift force. A suitable profile for the described embodiment is a NACA 0018 profile, which makes an inflow angle of approximately 14° possible without loss of lift force. A similar profile with an increased thickness would allow an increased inflow angle but would lead to an increase in flow resistance as well which might be advantageous in some circumstances. A similar profile with a decreased thickness would have reduced flow resistance but would lead to loss of lift force at a smaller inflow angle and would reduce the course stabilising effect of theside skegs 18 but depending on the circumstance might be most suitable. - For ease of docking the foreship 2 can be provided with
struts 15 that can be connected to adock support 16, these are indicated infigures 3 and4 with interrupted lines. Thesestruts 15 are in the centreline of the tug 1 between the propulsion andsteering units 6 and thedock support 16 has a depth that is more than the propulsion andsteering units 6 so that during docking the propulsion and steering units remain free from a docking surface. For further ease of docking the side skegs 18 have the same depth as the dock support 16 so that the underside of the side skegs 18 and the dock support 16 form ahorizontal support plane 17. In other embodiments, there arestruts 15 that together with theskegs 18 support the tug in dock.
Claims (9)
- Ship such as a tug comprising a hull (8) with a foreship (2) and an aft ship (10) and a length that is less than 3.0 times and preferably less than 2.5 times a beam of the hull, located forward of the amidships two propulsion and steering units (6) with propellers (7) having approximately horizontal rotation-axes (5) forming a main active steering equipment, and rearward of the amidships preferably near the aft ship a stationary course stabilising skeg characterized in that two rear skegs (18) located symmetrical on both sides of the hull's centreline form the course stabilising skegs.
- Ship in accordance with claim 1 wherein the rear skegs (18) are approximately vertical.
- Ship in accordance with claim 1 or 2 wherein a distance between the rear skegs (18) is equal to or more than a diameter of the propellers (7).
- Ship in accordance with claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein each of the rear skegs (18) extends in a propulsion jet of one of the propulsion and steering units (6) when the horizontal rotation-axis (5) of the propeller and steering unit is directed rearward and parallel to the hull's longitudinal axis.
- Ship in accordance with claim 1, 2, 3 or 4
wherein the rear skegs (18) have a height extending the depth of the hull (8). - Ship in accordance with one of the previous
claims wherein the rear skegs (18) have a height extending to approximately the depth of the propulsion and steering units (6). - Ship in accordance with one of the previous
claims wherein the rear skegs (18) have a horizontal length of approximately 0.3 - 0.5 times their height. - Ship in accordance with one of the previous
claims wherein the two rear skegs (18) have a profiled shape with a rounded front and ending with a minimal thickness. - Ship in accordance with one of the previous
claims wherein between the two propulsion and steering units (6) one or more struts (15) extend downwards to below the underside of the propulsion and steering units and wherein the bottom ends of the rear skegs (18) and the bottom ends of the struts are in a horizontal plane (17).
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10157085A EP2371701A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2010-03-19 | Ship such as a tug with azimuting tractor drive |
EP20110709410 EP2547581B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Ship with azimuting tractor drive |
DK11709410.2T DK2547581T3 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Vessel with azimuth slip |
ES11709410.2T ES2544041T3 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Tractor boat with azimuth type |
PL11709410T PL2547581T3 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Ship with azimuting tractor drive |
PCT/EP2011/054279 WO2011113964A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Ship with azimuting tractor drive |
CY20151100529T CY1116408T1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2015-06-19 | SHIP WITH AZIMUAL DRIVING TOWER |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10157085A EP2371701A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2010-03-19 | Ship such as a tug with azimuting tractor drive |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2371701A1 true EP2371701A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
Family
ID=42634999
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10157085A Withdrawn EP2371701A1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2010-03-19 | Ship such as a tug with azimuting tractor drive |
EP20110709410 Active EP2547581B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Ship with azimuting tractor drive |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20110709410 Active EP2547581B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-03-21 | Ship with azimuting tractor drive |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2371701A1 (en) |
CY (1) | CY1116408T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2547581T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2544041T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2547581T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011113964A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018067008A1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-12 | Rotortug Holding B.V. | Tugboat having azimuthal propelling units |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013204033A1 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-11 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Watercraft, in particular container or towboat |
DE102016209879A1 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-07 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Watercraft, in particular towboat |
DE102016212471A1 (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-11 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Watercraft, in particular towboat |
EP3464045B1 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2021-12-08 | Voith Patent GmbH | Water vehicle, in particular tugboat |
USD1026955S1 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2024-05-14 | Brunswick Corporation | Stern drive |
US11208190B1 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-28 | Brunswick Corporation | Stern drives having breakaway lower gearcase |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4175511A (en) * | 1976-12-08 | 1979-11-27 | Schottel-Werft Josef Becker Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tugboat or the like |
EP1145951A2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-17 | Voith Schiffstechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Watercraft |
US6698374B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2004-03-02 | Novatug B.V. | Design for tugboat |
WO2005012075A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-10 | Rolls-Royce Marine As | Device for increasing the yaw stability in ships |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO983369L (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-01-24 | Petroleum Geo Services As | hull Form |
-
2010
- 2010-03-19 EP EP10157085A patent/EP2371701A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-03-21 EP EP20110709410 patent/EP2547581B1/en active Active
- 2011-03-21 WO PCT/EP2011/054279 patent/WO2011113964A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-03-21 PL PL11709410T patent/PL2547581T3/en unknown
- 2011-03-21 DK DK11709410.2T patent/DK2547581T3/en active
- 2011-03-21 ES ES11709410.2T patent/ES2544041T3/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-19 CY CY20151100529T patent/CY1116408T1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4175511A (en) * | 1976-12-08 | 1979-11-27 | Schottel-Werft Josef Becker Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tugboat or the like |
US6698374B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2004-03-02 | Novatug B.V. | Design for tugboat |
EP1145951A2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-17 | Voith Schiffstechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Watercraft |
WO2005012075A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-10 | Rolls-Royce Marine As | Device for increasing the yaw stability in ships |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018067008A1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-12 | Rotortug Holding B.V. | Tugboat having azimuthal propelling units |
NL2017577B1 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-13 | Rotortug Holding B V | Tugboat having azimuthal propelling units |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2547581T3 (en) | 2015-07-06 |
WO2011113964A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
EP2547581B1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
ES2544041T3 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
EP2547581A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
PL2547581T3 (en) | 2015-10-30 |
CY1116408T1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
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