KR20140021857A

KR20140021857A - Method for cultivation of fragrant mushroom and fragrant mushroom produced by the process

Info

Publication number: KR20140021857A
Application number: KR1020120088165A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 조애순
Original assignee: 조애순
Priority date: 2012-08-13
Filing date: 2012-08-13
Publication date: 2014-02-21

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms cultivated by the above cultivation method, the method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms in one embodiment of the present invention 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine feed and Making a medium containing 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste each having a water content of 55 to 65%, and encapsulating the medium; Sterilizing the encapsulated medium at 90 to 99 ° C. and then at medium temperature to 55 to 60 ° C .; Inoculating shiitake spawn seed in the sterilized medium and culturing for 120 to 240 days; And taking out the cultured medium from the bag and growing it.

Description

Method for cultivation of shiitake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms cultivated by the above method {Method for cultivation of fragrant mushroom and fragrant mushroom produced by the process}

The present invention relates to a cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms cultivated by the above cultivation method, more specifically, to cultivation of shiitake mushrooms that can cultivate excellent quality shiitake mushrooms at low cost and cultivation of shiitake mushrooms It's about mushrooms.

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is an oriental specialty, rich in high-quality protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, and is treated as a nutritious food with a unique flavor. In addition, recently, pharmacological efficacy has been scientifically proven and widely recognized as a health food.

The natural distribution of shiitake mushrooms is the Korean Peninsula, Japan, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Cerebes, New Guinea and Nepal. Natural shiitake mushrooms are made by sprinkling of shiitake mushrooms on fallen trees or dead trees in the natural forest.

Prior to this, the primitive cultivation method was used to make an ax mark on a piece of wood and wait for the seed to grow there. Since then, the productivity of shiitake has been greatly improved by developing a shiitake cultivation method of artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms and then inoculating them with wood. However, the use of the log cultivation method has a problem in that the utilization rate is about 10% of the log, resulting in a shortage of hardwood resources, and it is difficult to secure a large amount of logs when necessary. In addition, due to the reduction of rural labor force and the aging of growers, the cultivation conditions of timber cultivation methods, which require a lot of labor force, are becoming increasingly difficult.

Therefore, the fungus cultivation method (菌床栽培方法), which has been practiced for a long time in the cultivation of mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and taste mushrooms, has been used for the cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms. Generally, as a medium material used in the cultivation method of rice cultivation, rice straw, barley straw, compost, waste paper, etc. are used, but in the cultivation method of shiitake mushroom, sawdust of hardwood is mainly used, which is also called sawdust cultivation.

The sawdust cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms uses 30-40% of the wood, which makes the use of hardwood resources more efficient than the wood cultivation method of 10%. It is economical, and the yield of mushrooms is 2-3 times higher than that of the wood cultivation method, which is very active in Japan, China, and Taiwan.

Since the 1970s, various researches have been conducted on the cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms using sawdust of national research institutes such as the Korea Forest Service and Forestry Research Institute.Development of shiitake varieties suitable for growing sawdust, diversification of sawdust medium, additives Kinds, culture conditions, and methods of generating mushrooms have been studied. At present, the research on the improvement of the cultivation technology and the development of the mechanization system for the improvement of the elevation productivity is steadily progressing.

Korean Patent Application No. 1983-0003050 discloses a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms using hardwood sawdust, and Korean Patent Application No. 1988-0005723 uses finely prepared rice straw as the main material and sawdust, rice bran, bran, soybean meal, etc. The composition of the culture medium for shiitake mushroom culture is disclosed, and Korean Patent Application No. 2003-0091641 discloses a culture medium for cultivating dried mud mushrooms containing sawdust and a method of cultivating dried mud mushrooms using the medium.

An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms which can cultivate excellent quality shiitake mushrooms at low cost, and shiitake mushrooms produced by the above method.

One embodiment of the present invention comprises a 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine feed and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste angle, making a medium having a moisture content of 55 to 65%, and encapsulating the medium; Sterilizing the encapsulated medium at 90 to 99 ° C. and then at medium temperature to 55 to 60 ° C .; Inoculating shiitake spawn seed in the sterilized medium and culturing for 120 to 240 days; It provides a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms, including; and growing the cultured medium taken out of the bag.

The growth step may be performed for 6 to 10 days.

The culturing step may be performed for 140 to 180 days.

Humidity of the culture chamber in the culture step can be maintained at 60 to 70%.

After the growth step, the harvested medium is dried and washed and then grown to further harvest shiitake mushrooms.

Another embodiment of the present invention comprises 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine feed and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste each, and the medium having a moisture content of 55 to 65% is sterilized and inoculated, and the inoculated medium is After culturing for 120 to 240 days to provide a shiitake mushroom grown through a growth process of 6 to 10 days.

Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of making a medium containing 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine feed, and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste each and having a water content of 55 to 65%, and encapsulating the medium. ; Sterilizing the encapsulated medium at 90 to 99 ° C. and then at medium temperature to 55 to 60 ° C .; Inoculating shiitake spawn seed in the sterilized medium and culturing for 120 to 240 days; And cultivating shiitake mushrooms, including the step of growing the cultured medium from a bag.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the medium can continue to be cultured without sprouting in the medium beyond 120 days in the culture chamber. By adjusting the humidity inside the culture chamber can be extended to 180 to 240 days. If the incubation period is 140 to 180 days, the best quality and maximum amount can be harvested. In addition, it can be grown at the humidity in the existing medium without spraying water when growing, it is possible to shorten the growth period.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to grow shiitake mushrooms even without securing a watering facility in the growth room, thereby reducing the cost of planting facilities.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, shiitake mushrooms can be grown at low cost without expensive equipment. It is possible to extend the incubation period of the encapsulation medium by adjusting the component and moisture content of the medium, thereby shortening the growth period. Expensive facilities such as watering facilities are not required in the growing room, and high-quality shiitake mushrooms can be grown in a short time.

In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to further produce shiitake mushrooms by using the confirmed medium.

1 is a process flowchart showing the procedure of shiitake mushroom cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Shiitake mushroom cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises (a) 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine fodder and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste each to make a medium having a moisture content of 55 to 65%. Encapsulating the medium; (b) sterilizing the encapsulated medium at high temperature at 90 to 99 ° C. and then at medium temperature to 55 to 60 ° C .; (c) inoculating shiitake spawn seed in the sterilized medium, and incubating for 120 to 240 days; And (d) taking out the cultured medium from the bag and growing it.

1 is a process flowchart showing the procedure of shiitake mushroom cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, each step of the shiitake mushroom cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1.

(a) creating the badge

First, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a medium containing 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine fodder, and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste angle, and having a water content of 55 to 65% can be made (S _1). ).

The sawdust is not particularly limited as long as the shiitake mushroom can inhabit. For example, hardwood sawdust may be used, but the hardwood may be used as oyster oak, brown oak, sol oak, oak (Quercus), chestnut (Castaneacrenata var. Dulcis), beech, Beech, Beech, Carpinus laxiflora, Jujube, Hazel, Walnut, Poplar, Paulownia, Zelkova, Ash, Oak, Aspen, Oak, Aspen, Aspen, Aspen Wood, aspen, cornel, boxwood. Cypress, zelkova, citrus, maple, cypress, cypress, persimmon, apple, jujube, walnut, fig, zelkova, elm, lychee, rodent, locust tree, meadowsweet Trees, green leaf, mulberry, persimmon tree, paulownia, wall paulownia, blooming tree, painting tree, cassia, birch, ash tree, barberry, money tree, plum tree, plum tree, willow tree, weeping willow, weeping willow, King willow, pussy willow, wicker, cherry, mountain bark, bark, hawthorn, west tree, red tree, tanza, camellia, stink wood, red pepper, single leaf, four-leaf maple.

The sawdust is to be the main material of the medium in the fungus culture (菌床栽培), the content of the sawdust may include 80 to 85 parts by weight. If the content of the sawdust is less than 80 parts by weight of the spawn culture rate can be lowered, and if the content of the sawdust exceeds 85 parts by weight of the cow's feed and abandon each of the relatively low ratio of shiitake mushrooms can be reduced.

The cow's feed is not particularly limited, and for example, a pellet feed may be used. In general, cattle feed contains nutrients such as protein, fat and calcium, which may be suitable for the cultivation of spawn. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mother feed can be used rather than the calf.

The cattle feed may increase the quality and yield of the cultivated shiitake by supplying nutrients necessary for the growth of mycelia of the shiitake. Rice bran may be used to nourish the medium, but if rice bran is used, the rice bran may be rancid and the spawn may die. However, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the cow's feed is not rancid and can provide nutrition to the medium.

The content of the cattle feed may include 5 to 10 parts by weight. If the content of the bovine feed is less than 5 parts by weight there is a fear that the mycelial growth is lowered, if the content of the bovine feed exceeds 10 parts by weight there is a fear that the culture rate of the spawn seed.

In addition, the closed shell refers to the clam shell powder, it is possible to replenish calcium to the medium using a natural material, and to harden the medium.

Shiitake mushrooms contain protein, vitamins, minerals, and the like, but potassium, copper, and iron are generally high in minerals, but calcium is not high. However, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the content of calcium to increase the development of the body and prevent osteoporosis can be increased.

The amount of the closed shell may be 2 to 5 parts by weight. If the content of the waste shell is less than 2 parts by weight may increase the calcium content in shiitake mushrooms, and if the content of the waste shell exceeds 5 parts by weight there is a fear that the culture rate of the spawn.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the medium may be made so that the moisture content is 55 to 65%. More preferably, the moisture content is maintained at 60% or more.

The method of controlling the water content of the medium is not particularly limited, and methods commonly used in the art may be used. Although not limited thereto, for example, sawdust may be mixed with water to supply moisture and then mixed with bovine fodder and waste shell to adjust the water content.

In addition, after a certain period of time (for example, 120 days) in the culture chamber, the water content of the culture medium can be controlled by spraying water with a spray while disinfecting the culture chamber floor to maintain the humidity in the culture chamber at 60 to 70%.

The medium according to one embodiment of the present invention can continue to culture without sprouting in the medium even if it exceeds 120 days in the culture chamber. By adjusting the humidity inside the culture chamber can be extended to 180 to 240 days. If the incubation period is 140 to 180 days, the best quality and maximum amount can be harvested. In addition, it can be grown at the humidity in the existing medium without spraying water when growing, it is possible to shorten the growth period.

If the humidity of the medium is 40 to 50%, if the incubation period exceeds 90 to 120 days, mushroom shoots are generated in the bag and must be immediately transferred to the growth chamber for growth. In addition, if water is not sprayed during growth, mushroom shoots do not occur and the water should be sprayed periodically periodically during the growing season. Growing while spraying water requires a large amount of water, which can be costly due to the need to install watering facilities in the growing room or to develop medium and large groundwater wells.

However, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of water consumed in the growth period is reduced by containing sufficient moisture in the medium, and the growth period can be shortened, thereby economically operating.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the medium may be sterilized and folded in a plastic bag.

(b) sterilization

Next, the medium may be sterilized at 90 to 99 ℃ high temperature sterilization at 55 to 60 ℃ medium (S ₂ ).

According to one embodiment of the invention, the high temperature sterilization may be performed for 7 to 9 hours, the medium temperature sterilization may be performed for 1 to 2 hours.

Carbon dioxide may be generated during high temperature sterilization, but the carbon dioxide may be sufficiently removed during medium temperature sterilization.

Although not limited thereto, for example, the encapsulated medium may be placed in a basket, and the basket may be placed in a sterilization base and then put into a sterilization chamber to perform a sterilization process. At this time, the sterilization steam can enter the room so that it can circulate evenly inside the sterilization chamber.

When the thermometer is inserted into the center of the medium and rises to 98 ° C., sterilization is performed for 9 hours, followed by medium temperature sterilization for 2 hours.

When the medium surface temperature is 10 to 15 ℃ can be performed inoculation step into the inoculation room.

(c) inoculation and incubation

Inoculated with shiitake mushroom seedlings in the sterilized medium, it can be cultured for more than 120 days (S ₃ ). According to one embodiment of the present invention, it can be cultured up to 140 to 240 days, cultivation of 140 to 180 days and can cultivate the highest quality shiitake mushrooms.

As described above, when the medium surface temperature is 10 to 15 ° C., the medium may be transferred to the inoculation room and inoculated on a clean room clean bench. At this time, the room temperature is preferably maintained at 16 to 18 ℃.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the seed seed inoculated into the medium is not particularly limited, and seed seed suitable for sawdust cultivation can be used.

For example, there are agricultural varieties No. 3, Forest No. 5, and Forest No. 6 as domestic varieties, 921 varieties as Taiwanese varieties, and varieties grown in Henan and Biyang as Chinese varieties. Can be.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, one day before the transfer of the sterilized medium, the inoculation chamber can be completely sterilized and the internal temperature can be maintained at about 16 ° C.

More specifically, the clean bench may be used by performing sterilization bulbs, but performing flame sterilization immediately before inoculation, and wiping clean with a dry towel. Flame sterilization between spawn boxes and bottles containing spawn can also be placed on a clean bench after flame sterilization. After this process, the seed can be crushed to start the inoculation, and the inoculated medium can be transferred to the culture chamber and placed in the culture shelf.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the culture chamber temperature can maintain an annual average of 20 to 23 ℃, the interior of the culture chamber can be controlled by spraying water to the bottom of the humidity.

The culture chamber is preferably used after sterilization, but is not limited thereto, but the bottom and side surfaces of the culture chamber may be sprayed and sprayed by mixing the lax and water.

In general, the temperature at which the mold occurs is 24 to 27 ℃, it can occur when the humidity is high. After the spawn inoculation, the medium entered into the culture chamber can be visually checked for the medium contaminated with the fungus after 9 to 12 days. If the interior of the culture chamber is completely turned off and the dark room is examined with a flashlight, the medium can be checked for contamination. While looking at the top of the medium, it is advisable to pick out the mold-contaminated medium and dispose of it remotely outside the culture chamber.

About 30 days after the inoculation, the spawn forms mycelia on the whole medium, and the surface of the medium swells into a tree shape and becomes hard. By 40 to 50 days browning begins when the medium surface turns brown from above. After browning, 50 to 55 days after inoculation may be allowed to float so that the media do not touch each other. Although not limited thereto, the spacing between the media may be about 3 to 4 cm. Do not hold the badge cap with your hand when you float. If picked up by hand, germs may invade and shoots may not develop during growth.

(d) growth stage

After the incubation period, you can take off the plastic bag and start growing (S ₄ ). According to one embodiment of the present invention, it can be grown at the humidity in the existing medium without further spraying water when growing. Growth temperature can be 17-21 degreeC on an annual average.

The growth room temperature can be changed according to the season, it is set to 19 to 20 ℃ in the spring and autumn, it can be adjusted fluidly in accordance with the mushroom generation in the summer and winter.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the growth period may be 6 to 10 days. More preferably, it can be harvested through a growing period of 8 days.

More specifically, when the inoculated medium is 140 to 150 days in the culture chamber can be transferred to the growth chamber and placed in the growth shelf. After removing the vinyl from the transferred medium and arranging it at regular intervals, mushroom shoots will develop after 3-4 days. Sprouted mushroom shoots are sturdy and can be boiled leaving only 9-11. Shiitake mushrooms can be harvested after 3-4 days after the medium is transferred to the growing room within 3-4 days.

When you harvest, the little finger is about to enter (about 1 ~ 1.5 cm) to spread the mushrooms inside. The harvest can be carried out as soon as possible, for example, it is good to finish the harvest within two days after the harvest begins.

In general, if you do not spray water during growth, mushroom shoots do not occur and you should continue spraying water periodically during the growing season. Medium and large groundwater wells need to be developed because water is needed while growing, and watering facilities need to be installed in the growing room.

However, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is not necessary to spray additional water at the time of growth can reduce the installation cost of the growth room, it is possible to reduce the growth period by 1/3. It can be harvested three times in the same period compared to other manufacturing methods, which can dramatically increase the yield.

In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to further produce shiitake mushrooms by using the confirmed medium. When the harvested medium is dried in the shade, washed and grown after submersion, the mushrooms can be harvested without further inoculation and incubation. This is thought to be possible because the initial stage of sufficient culture process.

More specifically, the harvested medium is placed in a well-ventilated basket and dried in the shade for 7 to 10 days. Next, after immersion for 24 hours using a spray, and after washing for 8 days in the growth room can be harvested 45 to 50% of the first-quality mushrooms of good yield.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by way of examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the present invention in more detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

[Example]

1. Badge Manufacturing

Twenty four hours before the preparation of the medium, oak sawdust was mixed with water, and the sawdust was sufficiently moisturized and mixed in a blender. After mixing 85% of the sawdust, 10% of the fodder feed, and 5% of the closed angle, the water content was 60%, and after mixing in a blender for about 2 hours, it was placed in a plastic bag of 1.5 kg.

2. Sterilization Process

Enclosed media was placed in a mobile sterilization tray and transferred and seated in the sterilization chamber. After sterilization for 9 hours at 98 ℃, 2 hours at 60 ℃. Before sterilizing the medium, the sterilization chamber was cleaned and sterile steam was circulated evenly inside, and then entered.

3. Inoculation and culture

The inoculation room was completely sterilized 1 day before the inoculation. The clean bench was run with sterilization bulbs, but flame sterilization immediately prior to inoculation, and cleaned with a clean, dry towel. Flame sterilization between the spawn boxes and the bottles containing spawn were also flame sterilized and placed in a clean bench. After that, the seeding was crushed in the sterilized medium to start the inoculation. At this time, the room temperature was maintained at 16 to 18 ℃. The inoculated medium was transferred to a culture chamber having a size of about 429.75205 m 2 (6-stage fungus) and placed in a culture shelf.

Before being placed into the culture chamber, the bottom and sides of the culture chamber were sprayed and sprayed with a mixture of lax and water so as not to smell too harsh. Ten days after entering the culture room, the inside of the culture room was completely turned off and the mold was contaminated with a flashlight in a dark room.

The spawn forms mycelia on the whole medium, the surface of the medium swells into a tree shape, browning begins, and floats about 50 to 55 days after inoculation. At this time, the spacing between the media was maintained at about 3 ~ 4 cm.

4. Growth

After 150 days in the culture room, it was transferred to a growth chamber of 165.28925 m 2 (three stages). The vinyl on the transferred medium was peeled off and listed at regular intervals. After 3-4 days, mushroom shoots sprouted, leaving only 9-11 pieces of sturdy one. Shiitake mushrooms were harvested 8 days after transfer to the growth room. The harvested shiitake mushrooms were excellent in size, weight and shape.

The present invention is not limited by the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but is intended to be limited only by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. something to do.

Claims

Making a medium containing 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine feed, and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste each, and having a water content of 55 to 65%, and encapsulating the medium;
Sterilizing the encapsulated medium at 90 to 99 ° C. and then at medium temperature to 55 to 60 ° C .;
Inoculating shiitake spawn seed in the sterilized medium and culturing for 120 to 240 days; And
Removing the cultured medium from a bag and growing the bag;
Shiitake mushroom cultivation method comprising a.

The method of claim 1,
The growth step is cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms are carried out for 6 to 10 days.

The method of claim 1,
The culturing step of cultivating shiitake mushrooms is carried out for 140 to 180 days.

The method of claim 1,
Method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms to maintain the humidity of the culture chamber in the culture step at 60 to 70%.

The method of claim 1,
Method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms after the growth step to dry and wash the confirmed medium after the growth to further harvest shiitake mushrooms.

The medium containing 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine feed and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste each, and having a water content of 55 to 65% is sterilized and inoculated, and the inoculated medium is incubated for 120 to 240 days. Shiitake mushroom grown through the growth process of 6 to 10 days later.

Making a medium containing 80 to 85 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 10 parts by weight of bovine feed and 2 to 5 parts by weight of waste each, and having a moisture content of 55 to 65%, and encapsulating the medium;
Sterilizing the encapsulated medium at 90-99 ° C. and then at medium temperature at 55-60 ° C .;
Inoculating shiitake spawn seed in the sterilized medium and culturing for 120 to 240 days; And
Removing the cultured medium from a bag and growing the bag;
Cultivated shiitake mushrooms, including.