KR20130142360A - Domestic waste compost conversion treatment system without discharging of food waste water and for reducing of bad smell - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a food waste composting apparatus having zero discharging and odor reducing functions, and a composting method using the same. More particularly, the food waste composting apparatus comprises: an insertion hole for inserting food waste; a reaction chamber wherein a solid composting process reaction of the food waste inserted through the insertion hole occurs, and a knife blade type agitator is installed in the inside thereof as well as a one side of the lower part is coupled with a vacuum pump connecting to the outside, and the lower part thereof is able to open and close to discharge compost manufactured after the reaction completes; a control unit for controlling rotating speed of the agitator within the reaction chamber and reaction temperatures; and an odor removing unit for reducing the odor occurred in the process reaction within the reaction chamber by collecting the odor through the vacuum pump coupled with one side of the lower part. Additionally, the waste composting method uses the apparatus, comprising: crushing and grinding food waster; and inserting a bouillon agent, a reaction agent and an adhesive for a total weight of the food waste which completes the crushing and grinding processes so as undergo moisture regulation and odor removal processes, such that solid composting is completed.

Description

Food waste composting device with no wastewater discharge and odor reduction function and composting method using the same

The present invention, in order to solve the problem of the generation of a large amount of negative wastewater, a bad odor generated, such as the composting technology using the food waste that caused a lot of conflicts with the existing local residents, the moisture content of sawdust, coco peat and cellulose rose feet By using quick lime (CaO)] and dolomite [CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ ] which have not been used in addition to the use of excipients for the control, induction of exothermic reactions prevents the generation of negative wastewater, and natural zeolite, elvan, activated carbon The present invention relates to a food waste composting device and a composting method using the same, which are capable of minimizing odor generation by using fibers and activated carbon.

At present, 69.2% of domestic food waste is emitted from households. It represents a larger amount than the source in restaurants and public facilities, and since 2000, the amount has increased by 3% per year, resulting in a cost of 18 trillion won. In addition, the amount of carbon dioxide produced in the process of making food reaches 3% of Korea's total emissions, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated in the treatment of food waste is also negligible.

division system home restaurant Lunch Agriculture and Fish Market Large store Sightseeing Accommodation
facility Generation 11,553
(100%) 8,003
(69.2%) 2,180
(18.9%) 633
(5.5%) 461
(4.0%) 180
(1.6%) 96
(0.8%)

In addition, the share of food waste among household garbage is gradually increasing, so it is urgent to prepare countermeasures.

division 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Household waste
Generation amount (ton / day)
44,583
45,614
46,438
48,499
49,902
50,737
50,007
48,398
48,844
50,346 Food waste
Generation amount (ton / day)
11,798
11,577
11,434
11,237
11,397
11,398
11,464
12,977
13,372
14,452 Share(%) 26.5 25.4 24.6 23.2 22.8 22.5 22.9 26.8 27.4 28.7

The treatment status following the generation of food waste is as follows, and the problem of disposal is also emerging as a social issue.

division 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Generation 11,797 11,577 11,434 11,237 11,397 11,398 11,464 12,977 13,372 14,452 [1 day per person
Generation amount (Kg)]
(0.25)
(0.25)
(0.24)
(0.23)
(0.24)
(0.24)
(0.24)
(0.27)
(0.28)
(0.29) Landfill
8,308 6,803 5,185 3,856 3,345 2,836 1,607 356 261 451 (70.4%) (58.8%) (45.4%) (34.3%) (29.3%) (24.9%) (14.0%) (2.7%) (2.0%) (3.1%) Angle
923 846 1,088 1,003 922 844 541 516 508 674 (7.8%) (7.3%) (9.5%) (8.9%) (8.1%) (7.4%) (4.7%) (3.9%) (3.8%) (4.7%) recycle
2,566 3,928 5,161 6,378 7,130 7,718 9,316 12,105 12,603 13,327 (21.8%) (33.9%) (45.1%) (56.8%) (62.6%) (67.7%) (81.3%) (93.2%) (94.2%) (92.2%)

Currently, domestic food waste is not subject to separate collection at the county municipality depending on the place of occurrence. On the other hand, food produced in the city is handled separately from general garbage. Since landfilling was banned in 2005, it is being used for livestock feed, compost, and biogas. There are 264 food resource facilities in Korea. The rate at which food enters these resources increased from 56.8% in 2001 to 90.5% in 2008. The landfill rate decreased from 34.3% to 3.7%, and the incineration rate decreased from 8.9% to 5.7%. Food recycling seems to be high due to the high rate of recycling, but according to the Auditor's Survey, out of 77 facilities, 1,192,900 tons (62.4%) and 12,6736 tons (7.1%) of foreign substances were filtered out. 23,3169 tons (13.1%) of food was taken out without being completed. This could be due to insufficient capacity of the facility or failure to meet quality standards. As a cause, there was a lack of facility area and lack of nutrients in feed, and the final compost completion was 33,290 tons (18.8%). Only one fifth of the amount of food waste produced is commercialized.

In addition, as a result of surveying 91 public resource facilities, there were 6 facilities with a product production rate of less than 5%, and some had only 1.3% compost. There were 13 facilities with foreign substances in excess of 20% and 8 facilities with waste water in excess of 150%. This problem was achieved by intermediary treatment such as dehydration or free composting to farmers, and only 14 facilities (15%) sold feed and compost for free.

Food waste recycling has been recognized as a social problem to be solved in the past, but since the ban on direct landfilling in 2005, it has emerged as the biggest problem to be dealt with by local governments. Complaints have been raised, and the salinity of the drinking water from the food recycling process is high, and the concentration itself is very high compared to the general sewage.

In addition, since 2013, the ROK Protocol ratified by Korea has banned the dumping of food wastewater since 2013, and the disposal of food waste has become a social problem. Since 1988, the government has discarded waste in three areas: 200km west of Gunsan, 125km east of Pohang, and 63km southeast of Ulsan. Food wastewater and sewage sludge accounted for half of the total waste, but according to the London Protocol, Korea should stop dumping food wastewater in 2013 following livestock manure and sewage sludge in 2012. Of the 39 countries that have ratified the Protocol, Korea is known to be the only country that throws waste into the sea.

Food wastewater that is dumped at sea is a material from food recycling facilities. As of 2009, 4000 tons of water are dumped at sea each day. It is gradually decreasing every year from 5420 tons in 2006, but should be eliminated by the next year. Food wastewater is known as a eutrophication factor containing high concentrations of organic matter, and it has been argued that an appropriate amount grows diatoms, but in many cases, red tide can thrive and red tide can cause international environmental problems. However, wastewater discharge is inevitable in the process of food resource recycling. Foods collected from homes and restaurants are wet, and you need to squeeze them properly to use them as feed or compost. In addition, water is inevitably added during the food washing process. However, some recycling facilities deliberately add water. This is because it is more economical to make water into waste water than to make products such as feed or compost. Municipalities will have to divert their food wastewater from sea to land for the remaining two years. Some municipalities have switched to sewage treatment to meet pollution standards, but most are not ready. An official from the Ministry of Environment said, “First of all, we need to reduce the amount of food waste generated from the resource recycling facilities.”

In the present invention, by using a method that does not discharge the waste water can be prepared for future marine dumping ban by the London Convention, and to increase the nutrient content of the compost to achieve efficient performance,

The purpose of the present invention is not to produce high concentration of wastewater, thereby preventing waste of goods used for wastewater treatment, as well as solving problems such as odor and facility area, which have been problematic in existing resources, and high quality at low cost. The final goal is to develop environmentally friendly facilities that produce compost.

[Status of Domestic and Foreign Related Technologies]

Domestic related technology

In domestic composting technology, the landfill site becomes a problem in the early 1990s, and the waste management law stipulates the prohibition of direct landfilling of food waste from July 2005 from July 2003. Under these backgrounds, interest in the recycling technology of organic waste is increasing, and various resources are being developed and distributed.

Recently, research has been conducted on a system for freeing wastewater from organic waste using composting systems instead of landfills. There is a growing interest in composting due to changes in waste-related policies and environmental regulations.

In this regard, Korean patent registration 10-0478006 (Registration date March 10, 2005) for the domestic composting technology 'Feed using the leftover food and its manufacturing method', Republic of Korea Patent No. 0153704 (Registration date July 1998 06) 'Food waste compost treatment device' and Republic of Korea Patent No. 0159355 (Registration date August 11, 1998) 'Food odor composting device and the method has been disclosed in the device'.

Overseas Related Technologies

The global environmental market is expected to expand rapidly in the direction of recycling under the motto of sustainable development through the realization of a resource-cycle economy. The United States, an environmentally advanced country, is focusing its environmental policy on minimizing pollutant emissions and facilitating the development of cutting-edge technologies through the application of Best Available Technology. Japan, which has prioritized policies to efficiently treat wastes, is concerned with the uncertainty about policy efficiency due to the deepening of environmental pollution caused by the discharge of hazardous materials from existing incineration and landfill disposal. In order to meet the 21st century's new theme of sustainable development through construction, the company is focusing on developing new technologies that can contribute to resource conservation and circulation through recycling. In relation to the recycling of food waste, composting devices have been developed and distributed mainly in the form of drying, dry fermentation and fermentation.

Food Waste Recycling Process Collection and discharge recycle



Canada · Waste sorted as household garbage Clean, Wet, Waste and collected by government agencies
Food waste is transported to the mixer and transported to a stainless steel tunnel by a conveyor, and composted after about 28 days of fermentation.
Equipped with computerized automatic control system to maintain aerobic condition, exhaust gas passes through biofilter for deodorization
· Collect wastes into long-term fermentation and composting in a concrete bunker.



United States of America A food chain store in Seattle, Washington, operates a system for separating and composting organic wastes in collaboration with local waste handlers.
For this purpose, a collection box is installed, and transport trucks and sewage systems are directly transported to reduce problems caused by water during spraying, transporting, and transporting the coffee foil to prevent summer odors. Composting organic waste in a Fairfiled-Hardy Digestor cylindrical container in Altona, PA

Japan
Fugaido
Furano City
Household food waste from residue or cooking is put in a special plastic bag and collected in a cleaning vehicle twice a week
Established in 1985, the Organics Supply Center breaks plastic bags, crushes food waste, mixes it with bark and wood chips, stirs and ferments to produce compost, and produces compost at a price of 2,700 yen per ton. Sold at

Germany
Berlin 10 liter plastic container kitchen collection container, put it in a waste paper bag and put it in the garbage collection container Collected waste is mixed with garden waste by residents and composted to the compost factory to produce high quality compost

Republic of Korea Patent Registration 10-0478006 (Registration date March 10, 2005) Republic of Korea Patent Registration 0153704 (Registration date July 06, 1998) Republic of Korea Patent Registration 0159355 (Registration date August 11, 1998)

Since the composting technology of food waste disclosed in the registered patent or used conventionally includes a process for discharging a large amount of wastewater, there have been many environmental problems such as odor generation in addition to environmental pollution.

Accordingly, in the present invention, in order to solve the above problems, the wastewater is generated by optimizing the composition and content of the additives for controlling the moisture content in the food waste, the reactants for inducing exothermic reaction and the adsorbent for removing odor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a food waste composting device and a composting method using the same without wastewater discharge and odor reduction function that can minimize the generation of odors.

In order to achieve the above object,

The present invention and the inlet for the input of food waste at the top,

Where the solid composting reaction of the food waste introduced through the inlet takes place, a blade type stirrer is installed inside, connected to the vacuum pump to the outside at one side, the reaction is completed to discharge the compost produced A reaction chamber configured to open and close a lower portion thereof,

A controller for controlling the rotational speed of the agitator in the reaction chamber and the reaction temperature;

Food waste composting device with no wastewater discharge and odor reduction function comprising a odor removal unit for collecting and reducing the odor generated in the reaction process in the reaction chamber through a vacuum pump connected to the lower side of the reaction chamber,

By using the composting device,

After putting the food waste into the reaction chamber through the inlet, crushing and grinding while stirring at 100 ~ 150rpm for 5-20 minutes,

1 to 40 wt% of any one or more solvent selected from sawdust, coco feet or cellulose feet based on the total weight of food waste through the inlet;

1 to 40 wt% of any one or two kinds of reactants selected from quicklime (CaO) or dolomite [CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ ] were added thereto, followed by stirring at 50 to 70 rpm for 10 to 15 minutes to adjust moisture.

1 to 40 wt% of one or more adsorbents selected from natural zeolite, ganban stone, activated carbon fiber and activated charcoal is added to the total weight of food waste, and the food waste is removed by stirring at 1 to 10 rpm for 10 to 15 minutes. The main technical constitution is the method of composting food waste with no wastewater discharge and odor reduction function.

According to the present invention, the food waste apparatus and the method of the non-waste water discharge and odor reduction function have the following effects.

first. Compared with the existing composting system, it can be suggested as a countermeasure against the anti-dumping law under the London Convention, as it has the effect of suppressing soil and groundwater contamination by minimizing direct landfill since there is no negative wastewater.

second. Compared with conventional general compost, high efficiency compost with high nutrients can be provided.

third. Odor generated in the composting process can be minimized by using natural zeolite and elvan, and can have pest prevention and water pollution prevention effect.

fourth. Compared with the conventional food waste disposal period of 35 days for the composting system, it takes about 15 days through the system according to the present invention and the processing period is very short.

1 is a view showing the overall configuration of the food waste composting apparatus according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is an actual picture showing the inlet 10 and the control unit 30 of the overall configuration of the food waste composting apparatus according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is an actual picture showing the inlet 10, the reaction chamber 20 and the control unit 30 of the overall configuration of the food waste composting apparatus according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is an actual picture showing that the lower part of the reaction chamber 20 of the overall configuration of the food waste composting device according to the present invention can be opened and closed.
Figure 5 is an actual picture showing a stirrer 201 installed in the reaction chamber 20 of the overall configuration of the food waste composting apparatus according to the present invention.
6 is a real picture showing the odor removing unit 40 of the overall configuration of the food waste composting device according to the present invention.
Figure 7 is a photograph showing the overall configuration of the food waste composting device according to the invention.
8 is a graph showing the water removal efficiency when using sawdust as an additive to food waste, and added quicklime (CaO) as a reactant.
Figure 9 is a graph showing the water removal efficiency when using the cocoite as an additive to food waste, and added quicklime (CaO) as a reactant.

The detailed contents of the above-described technical configuration will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 7,

Food waste composting device with no wastewater discharge and odor reduction function according to the present invention is an inlet 10 for the input of food waste at the top,

Where the solid composting reaction of the food waste introduced through the inlet 10 takes place, the blade type stirrer 201 is installed inside, connected to a vacuum pump to the outside at one side, the reaction is completed A reaction chamber 20 configured to be opened and closed to discharge the manufactured compost;

A controller 30 for controlling the rotational speed of the stirrer and the reaction temperature in the reaction chamber 20,

It includes a odor removing unit 40 for reducing the odor generated in the reaction process in the reaction chamber 20 through the vacuum pump 401 connected to the lower side of the reaction chamber 20.

The reaction chamber 20 is a place where the reaction of food waste, an additive, a reactant, and an adsorbent occurs, and as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the inlet 10 is formed, whereby food waste and the like are formed. In the lower part, as shown in Figure 4, it is configured to open and close, it is configured to recover the solid compost produced by the final reaction.

The control unit 30 has a general control configuration, and receives the measured value from the temperature sensor capable of sensing the temperature in the reaction chamber 20 and the stirring speed detecting sensor detecting the change in the stirring speed, and displays it. And an input device for inputting a command according to the displayed value.

And, the composting method using the food waste composting device is put the food waste into the reaction chamber 20 through the inlet (10), and then crushed, crushed while stirring at 100 ~ 150rpm for 5-20 minutes,

1 to 40 wt% of any one or more of the selected one of the sawdust, coco pit or cellulose rose pit based on the total weight of food waste through the inlet 10,

1 to 40 wt% of any one or two kinds of reactants selected from quicklime (CaO) or dolomite [CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ ] were added thereto, followed by stirring at 50 to 70 rpm for 10 to 15 minutes to adjust moisture.

1 to 40 wt% of one or more adsorbents selected from natural zeolite, ganban stone, activated carbon fiber and activated charcoal is added to the total weight of food waste, and the food waste is removed by stirring at 1 to 10 rpm for 10 to 15 minutes. Solid composting takes place.

When the stirring speed in the crushing and grinding process is less than 100rpm, the grinding is not performed properly, so that water removal and odor removal are not easily performed, and finally, it is difficult to manufacture high-quality compost and exceeds 150rpm. Since the change of the size of the food waste due to crushing and pulverizing food waste is insignificant and meaningless, it is preferable that the stirring speed during the crushing and pulverizing process is limited to 100 to 150 rpm for 5 to 20 minutes.

The process of adding any one or two kinds of reactive agents selected from the solvent and quicklime (CaO) or dolomite [CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ ] in the moisture adjustment process is a very important process in the present invention. Compared with composting technology, the input of quicklime (CaO) or dolomite [CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ ] with control of water content by one or more subsolvents selected from sawdust, coco peat or cellulose rose fit This is because solid composting can be achieved even if no negative wastewater is discharged through the exothermic reaction.

In this case, when the amount of the excipient is less than 1wt%, the function of food waste is not properly controlled, and when the amount of the excipient exceeds 40wt%, the change in function is insignificant and meaningless. It is preferable to limit to within the range of 1-40 wt%.

In addition, when the amount of the reactive agent is less than 1wt%, it is difficult to dry the negative wastewater to the extent that no negative wastewater can be discharged, and when it exceeds 40wt%, the quality of the solid compost may be degraded by excessive exothermic reaction. The amount of the reactive agent is preferably limited to the range of 1 to 40wt% based on the total weight of the food waste.

In addition, when the stirring speed in the moisture control process is less than 50rpm, there is a problem that the reactivity is inevitable and a time delay for the moisture control is inevitable, and thus, a lot of time is required for the production of solid compost. Since it is difficult to produce good quality compost by induction, the stirring speed in the moisture control process is preferably made within the range of 50 ~ 70rpm for 10-15 minutes.

After the reaction with the food waste by adding the additive and the reactive agent, to remove the odor generated in the reaction process, the adsorbent is added.

The adsorbent uses natural zeolite, elvan, activated carbon fiber, activated carbon, etc., and when the amount of the adsorbent is less than 1wt%, it is difficult to expect the odor reduction effect, and when it exceeds 10wt%, the increase in the odor reduction effect is insignificant and meaningless. , The amount of the adsorbent is preferably limited to the range of 1 to 40wt% based on the total weight of food waste.

In addition, when the stirring speed for removing the odor is less than 1rpm, the odor substance is not properly adsorbed to the adsorbent, so the odor reduction effect is lowered, and when it exceeds 10rpm, there is no significant change in the odor removal efficiency. Stirring speed for adsorption of the malodorous substance is preferably made in the range of 1 ~ 10rpm for 10-15 minutes.

After such a process, in order to remove the odor remaining in the reaction chamber 20, the odor is collected through a vacuum pump connected to the lower side of the reaction chamber 20, the collected odor is vacuum Odor is removed by injecting water or aqueous solution installed at the end of the pump.

8 is added to the food waste additives, using sawdust as an additive, the content of 10wt%, 20wt% and 30wt% for the addition of 10wt% of quicklime (CaO) in the reactants after the initial water removal efficiency As shown,

Looking at the initial moisture content removal efficiency at the initial temperature of about 43 ℃,

The use of sawdust 10wt% and quicklime 10wt% showed 9.2% removal efficiency, and the sawdust 20wt% and quicklime 10wt% showed 12.15% removal efficiency, and the use of sawdust 30wt% and quicklime 10wt% 11.83% The removal efficiency is%.

9 shows the initial water removal efficiency after adding 10 wt% of quicklime (CaO) in the reactant with respect to the content of 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% using cocoite in the subsidiary solvent.

Looking at the initial moisture content removal efficiency at the initial temperature of about 43 ℃,

The removal efficiency of 10wt% cocoite and 10wt% quicklime shows 17.53% removal efficiency, and the removal efficiency of 15wt% Cocopit 20wt% and 10wt% quicklime 10wt% The removal efficiency is 14.51%.

Wastewater-free, odor-reduction eco-friendly system according to the food waste composting according to the present invention is no shortage of waste water in the process of processing food waste, the treatment period is very short by reducing the existing 35 days to 15 days, the recycling rate is almost 100 Very high, up to%, stable against odors and pests.

In addition, due to the development of a zero discharge / no discharge system, it is possible to minimize soil and groundwater pollution, and to prepare measures for the prohibition of organic waste marine dumping under the London Convention. It can have a groundwater pollution suppression effect, so the industrial applicability is large.

10: inlet
20: reaction chamber
30:
40: odor removing unit
201: stirrer
401: vacuum pump

Claims (2)

Inlet (10) for the input of food waste at the top,
Where the solid composting reaction of the food waste introduced through the inlet 10 takes place, the blade type stirrer 201 is installed inside, connected to a vacuum pump to the outside at one side, the reaction is completed A reaction chamber 20 configured to be opened and closed to discharge the manufactured compost;
A controller 30 for controlling the rotational speed of the stirrer and the reaction temperature in the reaction chamber 20,
It characterized in that it comprises a odor removing unit 40 for reducing the odor generated in the reaction process in the reaction chamber 20 by collecting through the vacuum pump 401 connected to one side lower portion of the reaction chamber 20. Waste water discharge and odor reduction function food waste composting device to use.
Inlet (10) for the input of food waste at the top,
A reaction chamber 20 in which a blade-type stirrer 201, in which a solid composting reaction of the food waste introduced through the inlet 10 occurs, is installed;
A controller 30 for controlling the rotational speed of the stirrer and the reaction temperature of the reaction chamber 20,
Composting device comprising a odor removing unit 40 for collecting and reducing the odor generated in the reaction process in the reaction chamber 20 through the vacuum pump 401 connected to one side lower portion of the reaction chamber 20. But use
After the food waste is introduced into the reaction chamber 20 through the inlet 10, crushing and pulverizing while stirring at 100 to 150 rpm for 5 to 20 minutes,
1 to 40 wt% of any one or more of the selected one of the sawdust, coco pit or cellulose rose pit based on the total weight of food waste through the inlet 10,
1 to 40 wt% of any one or two kinds of reactants selected from quicklime (CaO) or dolomite [CaMg (CO ₃ ) ₂ ] were added thereto, followed by stirring at 50 to 70 rpm for 10 to 15 minutes to adjust moisture.
1 to 40 wt% of one or more adsorbents selected from natural zeolite, ganban stone, activated carbon fiber and activated charcoal is added to the total weight of food waste, and the food waste is removed by stirring at 1 to 10 rpm for 10 to 15 minutes. The method of composting food waste with no wastewater discharge and odor reduction, characterized in that the solid composting of the.

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