KR20100075392A - Charge indicator for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Charge indicator for electric vehicles Download PDF

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KR20100075392A
KR20100075392A KR1020090128549A KR20090128549A KR20100075392A KR 20100075392 A KR20100075392 A KR 20100075392A KR 1020090128549 A KR1020090128549 A KR 1020090128549A KR 20090128549 A KR20090128549 A KR 20090128549A KR 20100075392 A KR20100075392 A KR 20100075392A
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South Korea
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charge
battery
state
electric vehicle
indicator
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KR1020090128549A
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KR101011624B1 (en
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히사시 니시무라
료오이찌 히노
히데따까 미쯔오까
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미쯔비시 지도샤 고교 가부시끼가이샤
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D7/00—Indicating measured values
    • G01D7/02—Indicating value of two or more variables simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
    • B60K35/22—Display screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/28—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor characterised by the type of the output information, e.g. video entertainment or vehicle dynamics information; characterised by the purpose of the output information, e.g. for attracting the attention of the driver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K37/00—Dashboards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/371—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • G01R31/007—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks using microprocessors or computers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Instrument Panels (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A charge indicator for an electric vehicle is provided, which displays state of charge using a charge state display unit installed at the charge indicator. CONSTITUTION: A meter assembly(18) indicates the speed of an electric vehicle. A charge state display unit(18c) is installed in the meter assembly. The charge state display unit indicates the state of charge of battery. The charge state display unit establishes the brightness phase from a plurality of brightness phases. The charge state display unit displays the state of charge of battery. The charge display unit(18d) is installed in the meter assembly. The charge display unit displays the state of charge of the battery.

Description

전기 자동차용 충전 표시기 {CHARGE INDICATOR FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES}Charging indicator for electric vehicles {CHARGE INDICATOR FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES}

본 발명은 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a charging indicator for an electric vehicle.

전기 자동차는 배터리를 출력원으로 하여 모터를 구동함으로써 동력을 얻는다. 배터리는 가정용 전원과 같은 외부 전원으로부터 케이블을 통해 충전된다. 이러한 목적으로, 이와 같은 전기 자동차에는, 예를 들어 차체의 외부에 배터리를 충전하기 위한 급전부가 설치되어 있다.Electric vehicles are powered by driving a motor with a battery as an output source. The battery is charged via a cable from an external power source, such as a home power source. For this purpose, such an electric vehicle is provided with a power supply unit for charging a battery, for example, outside the vehicle body.

종래, 전기 자동차는 전기 자동차가 정지되어 있는 동안에 충전되기 때문에, 충전 중에 있어서 배터리의 충전 상태를 확인하는 수단이 존재하지 않았다. 이와 관련하여, 이와 같은 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기가 특허 문헌 1에 개시된다. 충전 표시기에는, 배터리 충전용 커넥터 및 배터리 충전용 커넥터를 덮도록 배치된 개방 가능한 덮개를 구비하는 급전부가 설치된다. 급전부에는, 배터리의 만충전까지 필요로 하는 시간 및 배터리의 이미 충전 완료된 용량을 표시하는 표시 패널이 설치된다. 표시 패널은 전기 자동차를 운전하는 차량 운전자가 배터리가 충전되고 있는지나 충전이 완료되었는지 여부를 전기 자동차의 외측으로부터 용이하게 확인하는 것을 허용한다.Conventionally, since the electric vehicle is charged while the electric vehicle is stationary, there is no means for checking the state of charge of the battery during charging. In this regard, such a charging indicator for an electric vehicle is disclosed in Patent Document 1. The charging indicator is provided with a power supply unit having a connector for charging the battery and an openable cover disposed to cover the battery charging connector. The power supply unit is provided with a display panel that displays the time required until the battery is fully charged and the capacity of the battery which has already been charged. The display panel allows the vehicle driver who drives the electric vehicle to easily check from the outside of the electric vehicle whether the battery is being charged or whether the charging is completed.

[특허 문헌 1] 일본 특허 공개 평9-285022호 공보[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-285022

그러나, 전기 자동차의 배터리는 급전부의 충전용 커넥터에 AC 전원을 삽입한 상태로 충전되므로, 충전 중 급전부의 덮개는 개방된 상태로 유지된다. 그로 인해, 특허 문헌 1에 개시되어 있는 바와 같이 급전부에 표시 패널을 설치하는 경우, 표시 패널이 야간에 차체의 외측에서 점등되게 되어 차량 주위 외부 환경으로 광이 누설되어, 바람직하지 못한 상황을 야기할 가능성이 있다. 또한, 예를 들어, 강우 시에는 급전부에 빗물이 쉽게 침입하게 된다. 따라서, 방수 수단을 제공하는 것과 같이 신뢰성을 확보하기 위한 추가 구조를 설치함으로써 이를 대처할 필요가 있다.However, since the battery of the electric vehicle is charged with the AC power inserted into the charging connector of the power supply unit, the cover of the power supply unit is kept open during charging. Therefore, when the display panel is provided in the power supply unit as disclosed in Patent Document 1, the display panel is turned on at the outside of the vehicle body at night, and light leaks to the external environment around the vehicle, causing an undesirable situation. There is a possibility. In addition, for example, during rain, rainwater easily penetrates the feeder. Therefore, it is necessary to cope with this by providing an additional structure for securing reliability, such as providing a waterproofing means.

따라서, 전기 자동차의 차량 탑재 배터리의 충전 상태를, 신뢰성을 확보하면서 용이하게 확인하는 것을 가능하게 한 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기를 제공하는 것이 본 발명의 바람직한 일 태양이다.Therefore, it is a preferable aspect of the present invention to provide a charging indicator for an electric vehicle that enables the electric vehicle to easily check the state of charge of the in-vehicle battery while ensuring reliability.

본 발명의 일태양에 따르면, 배터리를 출력원으로 사용하여 모터를 구동함으로써 동력을 얻는 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기가 제공되며, 충전 표시기는 전기 자동차의 속도를 표시하는 것이 가능한 미터 어셈블리 및 미터 어셈블리에 설치되고, 배터리의 충전 상태를 표시하도록 구성되고, 복수의 휘도 단계로부터 휘도 단계를 설정하도록 구성되고, 배터리가 충전이 개시되는 경우 휘도 단계 중 최저 휘도 단 계로 배터리의 충전 상태를 표시하도록 구성되는 충전 상태 표시 수단을 포함한다.According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging indicator for an electric vehicle powered by driving a motor using a battery as an output source, the charging indicator being installed in a meter assembly and a meter assembly capable of displaying the speed of the electric vehicle. A charging state configured to display a charging state of the battery, and configured to set a brightness level from the plurality of brightness levels, and to display the charging state of the battery at the lowest brightness level of the brightness steps when the battery is started charging. And display means.

충전 표시기는 미터 어셈블리에 설치되고, 배터리가 충전될 수 있는지 여부를 표시하도록 구성된 충전 가부 표시 수단을 더 포함할 수도 있다.The charge indicator may further comprise charge availability indicating means installed in the meter assembly and configured to indicate whether the battery can be charged.

충전 표시기는 충전 상태가 전기 자동차와 무선 통신을 행하도록 구성된 외부 장치 상에 표시되도록 구성될 수도 있다.The charge indicator may be configured such that the state of charge is displayed on an external device configured for wireless communication with the electric vehicle.

충전 표시기는 충전 상태가 배터리의 남아있는 충전 잔량을 포함하도록 구성될 수도 있다.The charge indicator may be configured such that the state of charge includes the remaining charge of the battery.

충전 표시기는 충전 상태가 예상 충전 완료 시각을 포함하도록 구성될 수도 있다.The charge indicator may be configured such that the state of charge includes an expected charge completion time.

전술된 제1 발명에 따른 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기는 배터리를 출력원으로 하여 모터를 구동함으로써 동력을 얻는 전기 자동차의 충전 표시기이다. 충전 표시기는 속도를 표시하는 것이 가능한 미터 어셈블리를 포함한다. 미터 어셈블리에는 차량이 주행하는 동안 배터리의 충전 상태를 표시하도록 구성된 충전 상태 표시 수단이 설치된다. 충전 상태는 배터리의 남아있는 충전 잔량 및 예상 충전 완료 시각을 포함할 수도 있다. 잔량 표시 수단의 휘도는 복수 단계로 조광될 수 있고, 충전 잔량 표시 수단은 배터리의 충전 상태를 배터리가 충전이 개시되는 동안 최저 휘도로 표시한다. 따라서, 차량 탑재 배터리의 충전 중에 있어서의 충전 상태가 신뢰성을 확보하면서 용이하게 확인되도록 작동되는 동시에, 주위 환경으로의 광 누설이 방지된다. 또한, 미터 어셈블리에 설치되는 충전 상태 표시 수단을 사용하 여 충전 상태가 표시된다. 이는, 남아있는 충전 잔량을 표시하도록 구성된 충전 잔량 표시 수단 또는 충전 상태 표시 수단이 별도로 제조되는 경우와 비교하여 개발 공정 수를 감소시키는 것을 가능하게 한다.The above-described charge indicator for an electric vehicle according to the first invention is a charge indicator of an electric vehicle that obtains power by driving a motor with a battery as an output source. The charge indicator includes a meter assembly capable of displaying speed. The meter assembly is provided with charge state indicating means configured to indicate the state of charge of the battery while the vehicle is running. The state of charge may include the remaining charge level of the battery and the expected time to complete charging. The brightness of the remaining amount display means can be dimmed in a plurality of steps, and the charge remaining amount display means displays the state of charge of the battery at the lowest luminance while the battery is being charged. Therefore, the state of charge during charging of the in-vehicle battery is operated to ensure the reliability while ensuring reliability, and light leakage to the surrounding environment is prevented. In addition, the state of charge is displayed using the state of charge display means installed in the meter assembly. This makes it possible to reduce the number of development processes as compared with the case where the charge remaining amount display means or the charge state display means configured to display the remaining charge remaining amount is manufactured separately.

또한, 제2 발명에 따른 전기 자동차의 충전 표시기는 배터리가 외부 전원에 접속되었을 때에 배터리가 충전될 수 있는지 여부를 표시하는 충전 가부 표시 수단을 포함한다. 따라서, 예를 들어 외부 전원의 전압 부족에 기인하여 배터리가 충전될 수 없는 경우에는, 배터리가 충전될 수 없는 것을 이용자가 즉시 인식하여 이후 어떠한 대응을 취할 수 있게 되고, 이는 향상된 편리성을 제공한다.Further, the charging indicator of the electric vehicle according to the second invention includes charging or not indicating means for indicating whether the battery can be charged when the battery is connected to an external power source. Thus, if the battery cannot be charged due to, for example, a lack of voltage of an external power source, the user can immediately recognize that the battery cannot be charged and take any countermeasure thereafter, which provides improved convenience. .

또한, 제3 발명에 따른 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기는 전기 자동차와의 통신이 가능하도록 구성된 외부 장치를 더 포함하며, 외부 장치는 배터리의 충전 상태를 표시하는 것이 가능하다. 따라서, 차량으로부터 떨어진 장소에서 외부 장치를 통해 배터리의 충전 상태를 확인할 수 있고, 이는 향상된 편리성을 제공한다.In addition, the charging indicator for an electric vehicle according to the third invention further includes an external device configured to communicate with the electric vehicle, and the external device may display the state of charge of the battery. Thus, it is possible to check the state of charge of the battery through an external device at a place away from the vehicle, which provides improved convenience.

이하, 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 전기 자동차의 충전 표시기에 대해 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, the charging indicator of the electric vehicle according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1에 도시한 바와 같이, 본 실시예에 따른 충전 표시기가 적용되는 전기 자동차(1)는 모터나 전기 자동차(1)의 동력원, 각종 램프류와 공조 기기와 같은 다양한 전장품용 전력원으로서 기능하는 배터리 팩(11) 및 전기 자동차(1) 전체의 전자적인 제어를 제공하는 전자 제어 장치(Electric Vehicle-Electronic Control Unit : EV-ECU)(12)를 포함한다.As shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle 1 to which the charging indicator according to the present embodiment is applied is a battery which functions as a power source for a motor or electric vehicle 1, and as a power source for various electric appliances such as various lamps and air conditioning equipment. An electric vehicle-electronic control unit (EV-ECU) 12 that provides electronic control of the pack 11 and the entire electric vehicle 1.

배터리 팩(11)은 복수의 배터리 셀(13), 각각의 배터리 셀(13)에 대응하는 셀 모니터링 유닛(CMU)(14) 및 각 셀 모니터링 유닛(14)과 전자 제어 장치(12)에 접속되는 배터리 매니지먼트 유닛(15)을 포함한다.The battery pack 11 is connected to a plurality of battery cells 13, a cell monitoring unit (CMU) 14 corresponding to each battery cell 13, each cell monitoring unit 14, and the electronic control device 12. And a battery management unit 15.

배터리 셀(13)은 전기 자동차(1)를 구동하기 위한 전력을 축적하고, 각각 차량 탑재 충전기(16)에 접속되어 있다. 차량 탑재 충전기(16)는 케이블(17)을 통해 가정용 전원과 같은 외부 전원에 접속 가능하다. 즉, 외부 전원에 케이블(17)을 접속함으로써, 배터리 셀(13)이 차량 탑재 충전기(16)를 통해 충전될 수 있다.The battery cells 13 store electric power for driving the electric vehicle 1, and are connected to the on-board chargers 16, respectively. The on-board charger 16 is connectable to an external power source such as a home power source via a cable 17. That is, by connecting the cable 17 to an external power source, the battery cell 13 can be charged through the on-board charger 16.

셀 모니터링 유닛(14)은 각각 대응하는 배터리 셀(13)의 충전 상태를 감시한다. 각각의 셀 모니터링 유닛(14)에 의해 취득된 배터리 셀(13)의 충전 상태는 배터리 매니지먼트 유닛(15)으로 입력된다.The cell monitoring units 14 monitor the state of charge of the corresponding battery cells 13, respectively. The state of charge of the battery cells 13 acquired by each cell monitoring unit 14 is input to the battery management unit 15.

배터리 매니지먼트 유닛(15)은 셀 모니터링 유닛(14)으로부터 입력되는 각 배터리 셀(13)의 충전 상태에 기초하여 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전율(state of charge : SOC)과 같은 충전 상태를 감시하여, 취득한 충전 상태를 이후에 서술하는 전자 제어 장치(12)에 출력한다. 또한, 전자 제어 장치(12)로부터의 지령에 기초하여, 배터리 매니지먼트 유닛(15)은 전기 자동차(1)에 탑재된 전기 모터나 공조 기기(도시 생략)와 같은 전장품에 대한 배터리 팩(11)으로부터 공급되는 전력량을 조정한다.The battery management unit 15 monitors the state of charge such as the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack 11 based on the state of charge of each battery cell 13 input from the cell monitoring unit 14. The obtained charging state is output to the electronic control apparatus 12 described later. In addition, based on the instructions from the electronic control apparatus 12, the battery management unit 15 is provided from a battery pack 11 for electrical equipment such as an electric motor or an air conditioning apparatus (not shown) mounted on the electric vehicle 1. Adjust the amount of power supplied.

전자 제어 장치(12)는 전기 자동차(1)가 정지하고 있는 경우에도 동작이 가능하며, 전술한 배터리 매니지먼트 유닛(15) 외에 적어도 미터 어셈블리(18) 및 안테나(19)를 제어하도록 구성되어 있다.The electronic control apparatus 12 is operable even when the electric vehicle 1 is stopped and is configured to control at least the meter assembly 18 and the antenna 19 in addition to the battery management unit 15 described above.

미터 어셈블리(18)는 속도 표시, 충전 상태의 표시 및 충전의 가부를 표시하는 것이 가능하다. 미터 어셈블리(18)는 이들 표시가 표시되는 휘도를 복수 레벨로 조정하도록 구성되어 있다. 구체적으로는, 도 2a 및 도 2b에 도시한 바와 같이, 미터 어셈블리(18)는 하나의 설치 패널(18a), 스피드 미터(18b), 충전 잔량 표시 수단으로서 기능하는 충전 잔량계(18c)(충전 상태 표시 수단), 충전 가부 표시 수단으로서 기능하는 충전 가부 표시부(18d) 및 조광 스위치(18e)를 포함한다. 설치 패널(18a)을 인스투르먼트 패널(1a)에 끼워 넣음으로써, 스피드 미터(18b), 충전 잔량계(18c), 충전 가부 표시부(18d) 및 조광 스위치(18e)가 일체적으로 전기 자동차(1)에 설치될 수 있다.The meter assembly 18 is capable of displaying the speed display, the display of the state of charge and the availability of the charge. The meter assembly 18 is configured to adjust the luminance at which these indications are displayed to multiple levels. Specifically, as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B, the meter assembly 18 includes one mounting panel 18a, a speed meter 18b, and a charge remaining meter 18c (charging) that functions as a charge remaining amount display means. State display means), charge availability display portion 18d and charge control switch 18e functioning as charge availability display means. By inserting the installation panel 18a into the instrument panel 1a, the speed meter 18b, the charge remaining meter 18c, the charge allowance display portion 18d, and the dimming switch 18e are integrated into the electric vehicle 1 Can be installed on

스피드 미터(18b)는 전기 자동차(1)의 주행 중의 차속을 표시하는 부분이다. 충전 잔량계(18c)는 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 남아있는 배터리 잔량을 표시하는 부분이다. 도 2a에 도시한 바와 같이, 액정 디스플레이(LCD)에 나타나는 세그먼트의 숫자상의 증감에 의해 남아있는 배터리 잔량이 표시되도록 구성되어 있다. 도 2b에 도시된 바와 같이, 충전 잔량계(18c)는 전기 자동차(1)가 정지하고 있고 배터리 셀(13)이 충전되고 있지 않은 경우, 표시가 사라지도록 구성되어 있다.The speed meter 18b is a portion which displays the vehicle speed while the electric vehicle 1 is traveling. The charge remaining meter 18c is a portion that displays the remaining battery level of the battery pack 11 as a whole. As shown in Fig. 2A, the remaining battery level is displayed by the numerical increase and decrease of the segments appearing on the liquid crystal display (LCD). As shown in FIG. 2B, the charge remaining meter 18c is configured such that the display disappears when the electric vehicle 1 is stopped and the battery cell 13 is not charged.

충전 가부 표시부(18d)는 점등, 소등 또는 점멸되는 것에 의해 배터리 팩(11) 전체에 대한 충전의 가부를 표시하는 부분이다. 충전 잔량계(18c)와 마찬가지로, 충전 가부 표시부(18d)도 전기 자동차(1)가 정지하고 있고 배터리 셀(13)이 충전되고 있지 않은 경우, 도 2b에 도시한 바와 같이 표시가 사라지도록 구성되어 있다. 조광 스위치(18e)는 충전 잔량계(18c)의 백라이트의 휘도를 복수 단계 (예를 들어, 4단계 등)로 절환 가능하다.The charge availability display portion 18d is a portion that indicates whether charge is charged to the entire battery pack 11 by turning on, off, or blinking. Similar to the charge remaining meter 18c, the charge availability display unit 18d is configured such that the display disappears as shown in FIG. 2B when the electric vehicle 1 is stopped and the battery cell 13 is not charged. have. The dimming switch 18e can switch the brightness | luminance of the backlight of the charging residual meter 18c in multiple steps (for example, 4 steps etc.).

미터 어셈블리(18)는, 주행 조건 이외, 예를 들어 키 스위치가 액세서리 전원 온(ACC) 위치인 경우 지령을 표시할 수도 있다.The meter assembly 18 may display instructions other than the driving condition, for example, when the key switch is the accessory power on (ACC) position.

또한, 안테나(19)는 전자 제어 장치(12)로부터 입력된 정보를 무선 통신에 의해 외부 장치인 휴대 단말(2)로 송신하고, 휴대 단말(2)로부터 무선 통신에 의해 공급된 정보를 전자 제어 장치(12)로 출력한다. 이에 의해, 전자 제어 장치(12)와 휴대 단말(2) 사이의 통신이 가능해진다.In addition, the antenna 19 transmits the information input from the electronic control apparatus 12 to the portable terminal 2 which is an external device by wireless communication, and electronically controls the information supplied by the wireless communication from the portable terminal 2. Output to device 12. Thereby, communication between the electronic control apparatus 12 and the portable terminal 2 is attained.

예를 들어 도 3에 도시한 바와 같이, 표시 화면(2a)이 설치된 휴대 단말(2)은 표시 화면(2a)에 전자 제어 장치(12)로부터 입력된 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전율을 표시한다. 휴대 단말(2)은 또한 전자 제어 장치(12)와의 통신에 의해 승차 예정 시각의 설정과 같은 각종 설정을 행할 수 있다.For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the portable terminal 2 provided with the display screen 2a displays the charge rate of the entire battery pack 11 input from the electronic control apparatus 12 on the display screen 2a. . The portable terminal 2 can also perform various settings, such as setting of a boarding schedule time, by communication with the electronic control apparatus 12. FIG.

이하, 배터리 셀(13)이 충전되는 경우, 전자 제어 장치(12)의 처리에 대해 설명한다. 배터리 셀(13)에 대해 충전이 개시된 것을 검지하면, 전자 제어 장치(12)는 우선 충전 잔량계(18c) 및 충전 가부 표시부(18d)에 대해 각각 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전율 및 충전 가부 표시를 행하도록 지령을 송신한다.Hereinafter, when the battery cell 13 is charged, the process of the electronic control apparatus 12 is demonstrated. Upon detecting that charging has started for the battery cell 13, the electronic control device 12 first displays the charge rate and the chargeability of the entire battery pack 11 for the charge remaining meter 18c and the charge availability display 18d, respectively. Send a command to execute.

구체적으로는, 제어 장치(12)는 충전 잔량계(18c)에 대해서는 액정 디스플레이의 백라이트를 점등시키고, 배터리 매니지먼트 유닛(15)으로부터 입력되는 충전율에 기초하여 점등될 세그먼트의 수를 제어한다. 이때, 액정 디스플레이의 백라이트는 설정되어 있는 휘도에 관계없이, 조광 스위치(18e)에 의해 설정될 수 있는 복수 단계 중 가능한 최저 휘도로 점등된다.Specifically, the control device 12 turns on the backlight of the liquid crystal display with respect to the charge remaining meter 18c and controls the number of segments to be turned on based on the charge rate input from the battery management unit 15. At this time, the backlight of the liquid crystal display is turned on at the lowest possible brightness among a plurality of stages that can be set by the dimming switch 18e, regardless of the set brightness.

또한, 제어 장치(12)는 충전이 가능한지 여부를 판단하고, 충전이 가능하다고 판단한 경우, 제어 장치(12)는 충전 가부 표시부(18d)에 대해 충전 가부 표시부(18d)의 백라이트를 점등시키게 한다. 예를 들어, 전압 부족에 기인하여 충전이 불가능하다고 판단한 경우, 제어 장치(12)는 충전 가부 표시부(18d)의 백라이트를 점멸시킨다. 모든 배터리 셀(13)이 만충전으로 되면, 제어 장치(12)는 충전 잔량계(18c) 및 충전 가부 표시부(18d)에 대해 지령을 송신하여, 각각의 백 라이트를 소등시킨다. 전기 자동차(1)의 이용자는 이들 충전 잔량계(18c) 및 충전 가부 표시부(18d)를 차 외부로부터 창 너머로 시각적으로 확인할 수 있다.In addition, the control device 12 determines whether or not charging is possible, and when it is determined that charging is possible, the control device 12 causes the charging or not display unit 18d to turn on the backlight of the charging or not display unit 18d. For example, when it is determined that charging is impossible due to the lack of voltage, the control device 12 blinks the backlight of the charge availability display unit 18d. When all the battery cells 13 are fully charged, the control device 12 transmits a command to the charge remaining indicator 18c and the charge enable / disable display unit 18d to turn off each backlight. The user of the electric vehicle 1 can visually confirm these charging residual meters 18c and the charging provision display unit 18d from the outside of the vehicle through the window.

또한, 예를 들어 배터리 셀(13)이 충전되는 중에는, 제어 장치(12)는 휴대 단말(2)로부터의 요구에 따라서, 그 시점에 있어서의 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전율이나 충전 종료 예정 시각을 안테나(19)를 통해 휴대 단말(2)로 송신하는 것과 같은 처리를 행한다. 이에 의해, 이용자가 차량으로부터 떨어진 장소에 있어도 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전 상태를 확인하는 것이 가능하게 된다.In addition, for example, while the battery cell 13 is being charged, the control apparatus 12 according to a request from the portable terminal 2, the charging rate of the whole battery pack 11 at the time and the charging end scheduled time The same process as for transmitting to the portable terminal 2 via the antenna 19 is performed. This makes it possible to check the state of charge of the entire battery pack 11 even when the user is away from the vehicle.

이와 같은 처리를 행함으로써, 이용자는 배터리 셀(13)이 충전되고 있는 동안, 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전 상태를 차량에 설치된 충전 잔량계(18c) 및 휴대 단말(2) 상에서 인지할 수 있다.By performing such a process, the user can recognize the state of charge of the entire battery pack 11 on the charge remaining meter 18c and the portable terminal 2 installed in the vehicle while the battery cell 13 is being charged. .

본 실시예의 전기 자동차의 충전 표시기에 따르면, 상술한 구성은 미터 어셈블리에 충전 잔량계(18c)를 설치하고, 이것을 이용하여 충전 중 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전 상태를 표시하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 차 외부에 충전 잔량계를 설치하는 경우와 비교하여, 이러한 배열은 그 품질 및 높은 신뢰성의 유지를 용이하게 한 다. 또한, 충전 잔량계(18c)가 차 내측에 설치되므로, 주위 환경으로의 광누설이 방지될 수 있다.According to the charge indicator of the electric vehicle of the present embodiment, the above-described configuration makes it possible to install the charge remaining meter 18c in the meter assembly and to display the state of charge of the entire battery pack 11 during charging by using it. Compared to the case of installing a charge balance meter outside the car, this arrangement facilitates the maintenance of its quality and high reliability. In addition, since the charge remaining meter 18c is installed inside the vehicle, light leakage to the surrounding environment can be prevented.

또한, 충전 잔량계(18c)는 스피드 미터(18b)와 연계되어 하나의 설치 패널(18a)에 탑재되어 미터 어셈블리를 구성하고, 이에 의해, 충전 잔량계(18c)가 전용품으로 제조되는 경우와 비교하여 개발 공정수를 감소시키는 것이 가능하게 된다. 또한, 충전 잔량계(18c)는 스피드 미터(18b)와 일체로 전기 자동차(1)에 설치될 수 있고, 이는 설치 작업을 용이하게 만든다.In addition, the charge remaining meter 18c is mounted on one mounting panel 18a in conjunction with the speed meter 18b to form a meter assembly, whereby the charge remaining meter 18c is manufactured as a dedicated product. In comparison, it is possible to reduce the number of development processes. In addition, the charge balance meter 18c can be installed in the electric vehicle 1 integrally with the speed meter 18b, which facilitates the installation work.

또한, 배터리 팩(11) 전체의 충전 상태가 전자 제어 장치(12)와의 통신이 가능하도록 구성된 휴대 단말(2)에 표시될 수 있다. 따라서, 차량으로부터 떨어진 장소에서, 휴대 단말(2)로서 충전 상태를 확인할 수 있게 되고, 이는 향상된 편리성을 제공한다.In addition, the state of charge of the entire battery pack 11 may be displayed on the portable terminal 2 configured to enable communication with the electronic control apparatus 12. Therefore, at a place away from the vehicle, it is possible to check the state of charge as the portable terminal 2, which provides improved convenience.

또한, 상술한 실시예에 있어서는, 충전 가부 표시부(18d) 및 조광 스위치(18e)가 설치 패널(18a)에 설치되는 예를 기술하고 있다. 그러나, 이들 부품이 설치되는 위치는 설치 패널(18a)에 한정되지 않고, 인스투르먼트 패널(1a)에 설치될 수도 있다. 그러나, 충전 가부 표시부(18d)는 차 외측으로부터 창 너머로 확인될 수 있는 위치에 설치되어야만 한다.In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the example in which the charge availability display part 18d and the dimming switch 18e are provided in the installation panel 18a is described. However, the position where these components are installed is not limited to the installation panel 18a, but may be provided in the instrument panel 1a. However, the charge availability display portion 18d must be installed at a position that can be seen from the outside of the vehicle over the window.

또한, 상술한 실시예에서는, 충전 가부 표시부(18d)가 배터리가 충전되고 있는 동안에는 점등되고, 충전될 수 없는 때에는 점멸되고, 만충전 시에는 소등되는 예를 기술하고 있다. 그러나, 충전 가부 표시부(18d) 상의 표시는 이들에 한정되는 것이 아니라, 충전의 가부를 충전 가부 표시부(18d)의 표시에 의해 구별할 수 있는지가 기본적으로 요구될 뿐이다.Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example is described in which the charge availability display unit 18d is turned on while the battery is being charged, flickers when it cannot be charged, and turned off at the time of full charge. However, the display on the charge availability display portion 18d is not limited to these, and it is basically only required whether the charge availability can be distinguished by the display on the charge availability display portion 18d.

또한, 상술한 실시예에서는, 충전 잔량계(18b)가 액정 디스플레이 상에 표시되는 예를 기술하고 있다. 그러나, 본 발명은 충전 잔량을 표시할 수 있는 것이면 액정 디스플레이로 한정되지 않고, 본 발명의 정신 및 취지를 일탈하지 않는 범위에서 임의의 변경이 본 발명에 대해 이루어질 수 있다.In addition, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the charge remaining meter 18b is displayed on the liquid crystal display is described. However, the present invention is not limited to the liquid crystal display as long as the remaining charge can be displayed, and any change can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention.

본 발명은 전기 자동차의 충전 표시기에 적용 가능하다.The present invention is applicable to a charging indicator of an electric vehicle.

본 발명은 상술한 실시예에 한정되지 않으며, 본 발명의 정신 및 취지 내에서 다양한 방식으로 변형될 수도 있다.The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be modified in various ways within the spirit and spirit of the present invention.

도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 충전 표시기가 적용되는 전기 자동차를 도시한 개략 블록도.1 is a schematic block diagram showing an electric vehicle to which a charging indicator according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

도 2a는 전기 자동차의 배터리를 충전하는 동안의 충전 표시기를 도시한 개략도.2A is a schematic diagram illustrating a charging indicator while charging a battery of an electric vehicle.

도 2b는 배터리를 충전하지 않는 동안의 충전 표시기를 도시한 개략도.2B is a schematic diagram showing a charge indicator while not charging a battery.

도 3은 전기 자동차와 통신 가능하게 구성되는 휴대 장치의 일례를 도시하는 설명도.3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a portable device configured to communicate with an electric vehicle;

<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1 : 전기 자동차1: electric car

1a : 인스투르먼트 패널1a: Instrument panel

2 : 휴대 단말2: mobile terminal

2a : 표시 화면2a: display screen

11 : 배터리 팩11: battery pack

12 : 전자 제어 장치12: electronic control unit

13 : 배터리 셀13: battery cell

14 : 셀 모니터링 유닛14 cell monitoring unit

15 : 배터리 매니지먼트 유닛15: battery management unit

16 : 차량 탑재 충전기16: car onboard charger

17 : 케이블17: cable

18 : 미터18 meters

18a : 설치 패널18a: mounting panel

18b : 스피드 미터18b: speed meter

18c : 충전 잔량계18c: Charge Remaining Meter

18d : 충전 가부 표시부18d: charging or not display

18e : 조광 스위치18e: Dimmer switch

19 : 안테나19: antenna

Claims (5)

배터리를 출력원으로 사용하여 모터를 구동함으로써 동력을 얻는 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기이며,It is a charging indicator for an electric vehicle powered by driving a motor using a battery as an output source, 전기 자동차의 속도를 표시하는 것이 가능한 미터 어셈블리와,A meter assembly capable of displaying the speed of an electric vehicle, 상기 미터 어셈블리에 설치되고, 상기 배터리의 충전 상태를 표시하도록 구성되고, 복수의 휘도 단계로부터 휘도 단계를 설정하도록 구성되고, 상기 배터리가 충전이 개시되는 경우 휘도 단계 중 최저 휘도 단계로 상기 배터리의 충전 상태를 표시하도록 구성되는 충전 상태 표시 수단을 포함하는, 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기.Installed in the meter assembly, configured to display the state of charge of the battery, and configured to set a brightness level from a plurality of brightness levels, and to charge the battery at the lowest brightness level of the brightness steps when the battery is started charging; A charge indicator for an electric vehicle, comprising charge state indicating means configured to indicate a state. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 미터 어셈블리에 설치되고, 상기 배터리가 충전될 수 있는지 여부를 표시하도록 구성된 충전 가부 표시 수단을 더 포함하는, 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기.A charge indicator for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising charge availability indicating means installed in the meter assembly and configured to indicate whether the battery can be charged. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 충전 상태는 상기 전기 자동차와 무선 통신을 행하도록 구성된 외부 장치 상에 표시되는, 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기.The charge indicator of claim 1, wherein the state of charge is displayed on an external device configured to perform wireless communication with the electric vehicle. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 충전 상태는 상기 배터리의 남아있는 충전 잔량을 포함하는, 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기.The charge indicator of claim 1, wherein the state of charge comprises a remaining charge of the battery. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 충전 상태는 예상 충전 완료 시각을 포함하는, 전기 자동차용 충전 표시기.The charge indicator of claim 1, wherein the state of charge comprises an expected time of completion of charge.
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KR20200011203A (en) 2018-07-24 2020-02-03 에스엘 주식회사 Charging state display apparatus for electric vehicle
KR20200011195A (en) 2018-07-24 2020-02-03 에스엘 주식회사 Charging state display apparatus for electric vehicle
KR20200070866A (en) 2018-12-10 2020-06-18 에스엘 주식회사 Charging state display apparatus for electric vehicle
KR20200072377A (en) 2018-12-12 2020-06-22 에스엘 주식회사 Lamp for vehicle
KR20210028372A (en) 2019-09-04 2021-03-12 에스엘 주식회사 Lamp for vehicle

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CN101764419B (en) 2013-03-13
FR2940456B1 (en) 2015-12-11
GB2466561A (en) 2010-06-30
JP2010149553A (en) 2010-07-08
FR2940456A1 (en) 2010-06-25
DE102009060313A1 (en) 2010-07-01
JP4650567B2 (en) 2011-03-16
KR101011624B1 (en) 2011-01-28
CN101764419A (en) 2010-06-30
DE102009060313B4 (en) 2019-03-21
GB0921768D0 (en) 2010-01-27
GB2466561B (en) 2011-06-15

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