KR20090107177A - Feed-stuff containing used-mushroom-media and eggs as main raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A feedstuff containing used-mushroom-media and eggs and a preparation method thereof are provided to supply high nutrients and probiotics to livestock. CONSTITUTION: A method for preparing a feedstuff comprises the following steps of: mixing ingredients and drying them at the temperature of 75~110°C; treating the dried ingredients with high frequency at the temperature of 85~120°C for 0.5-1 hour to thermo-change them; sterilizing the thermo-changed ingredients at the temperature of 90~110°C for 10-30 minutes; and inoculating zymogen to the sterilized ingredients and keeping them in a sealed container for natural fermentation.

Description

Feed-stuff containing used-mushroom-media and eggs as main raw materials}

The present invention relates to a waste mushroom medium and whole egg (卵) as a main raw material, a waste mushroom medium and a livestock auxiliary feed as a main raw material characterized in that the fermentation treatment after heat denaturation.

Hay or fodder grains for cattle (cow or cow) depend mostly on imports. Hay is cultivated using domestic farmland or idle farmland, but self-sufficiency is possible to some extent, but grains, etc., are almost impossible to produce self-sufficiency. Currently, the existing food supply alone does not have the international competitiveness of domestic livestock, nor is it possible to supply clean organic livestock products. In summary, the supply and demand of domestic cattle feed is mostly compounded feed using imported grain as a main raw material, and low-temperature fermentation sireji using self-supporting raw material is used as a supplementary food.

Conventional grain feed is a dry feed or grain mixed / packaged with protein (CP), total plasticized nutrient (TDN), crude fiber, crude ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and vitamin Z in the composition ratio of the feed menu. Combined feed packaged with hay and hay is sold.

In Korea, where there is not enough land to graze, cattle breeding is inevitable with mixed feeds based on imported hay and cereals. As a result, the health index of the cattle is reduced, the reproductive function is weakened, the disease of the cattle is increased, somatic cell counts included in the milk are increased, the conception rate is decreased, and the period of vacancy is long. As a result, the disease resistance is reduced, and the industrial losses such as the disposal of infected cattle are caused. As a result, various types of supplementary feeds such as vitamin complexes and mineral probiotic enzymes have been proposed to improve the health of cattle, but they do not give economic added value to livestock farmers in terms of price and practicality.

On the other hand, in response to the trend of diversification of farming, farms that grow various kinds of mushrooms, such as oyster mushroom, wild oyster, enoki mushroom, mushroom, shiitake, soybean, stone, mandala and manor, are increasing. These mushrooms are originally grown on rotten trees, and various artificial media (mushroom medium) are used to artificially culture them. Ingredients used in mushroom medium are sawdust, rice straw, corncob, cottonseed gourd, rice bran, soybean meal, sunflower seed gourd, rice straw, rice husk, waste noodles (cotton), bean curd, rice bran, vegetable by-product and fruit processing (juice) by-product Agricultural by-products and waste paper or pulp. That is, these materials are cut, mixed well, and submerged to contain appropriate moisture, and then the impurities are washed, properly sealed, fermented, and then sterilized to prepare mushroom medium. After inoculating mushroom spawn on mushroom media, mushrooms are incubated for several decades, depending on the type of mushroom, and then the mushrooms are harvested, and the medium (waste mushroom medium) is discarded.

Lung mushroom media possess many biological properties formed by the growth of mushrooms.

First, part of the mushroom (base) still remains in the medium. The mushroom base produces and secretes a large amount of various enzymes in order to break down the medium to absorb nutrients. These enzymes remain in the lung mushroom medium. At the base of the mushroom, various enzymes and vitamins B1, B2, B6, choline, inositol, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, hydrochloric acid, vitamin E, and vitamin C precursors are present in a large amount.

Second, each component of the mushroom medium is present in a low molecular state by the enzymes. In other words, the mushrooms have transformed the components of the polymer state into a low molecular state for nutrient intake.

Third, the mineral is transformed into an easily absorbable form. Hay and grains are rich in minerals such as iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, and calcium, but they are tightly surrounded by phytic acid, making it difficult to absorb and digest. The phytase of mushrooms breaks down the phytic acid and converts the mineral into a form that is easily absorbed.

In this way, the waste mushroom medium, which is similar to the feed for livestock and contains a large amount of biologically useful ingredients, is conventionally used as landfill or compost.

On the other hand, a survey by the National Statistical Office showed that the average daily egg production in 2006 was more than 30 million. According to the poultry site, about 5-15% of the eggs produced are discarded as blue or underquality. As a result, about 100 million eggs per month cannot be placed on the distribution line and landfilled or disposed of as a compost.

An object of the present invention is to provide a supplementary feed for livestock, the waste mushroom medium and whole eggs as the main raw material.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the livestock feed supplement.

(1) The present invention for solving the above-described problems, the main ingredient of the waste mushroom medium and whole egg, and the livestock auxiliary comprising the waste mushroom medium and whole egg characterized in that the fermentation treatment after heat denaturation It is about feed. In the present invention, the meaning of "pulmonary mushroom medium and whole egg (卵) as the main raw material" means that only the "pulmonary mushroom medium and whole egg" (卵) can be prepared for livestock supplementary feed according to the present invention only Means. Naturally, various nutrients (vitamins, etc.) can be mixed as needed.

Supplementary feed for livestock according to the present invention is fermented after stabilization by thermal modification after mixing the raw materials.

In the present invention, "lung mushroom medium" is irrelevant to any kind of mushrooms, such as oyster mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, Enoki mushroom, mushroom, shiitake, throat, stone, mandala, ganoderma lucidum, and the raw material of (mushroom medium) is also ground Agricultural products or waste paper, such as sawdust, rice straw, corncobs, cottonseed rice, rice bran, soybean meal, sunflower seed, rice straw, rice husk, waste noodles, soybean meal, rice bran, vegetable by-products, fruit processing (juice) by-products, or Anything such as pulp is not limited.

In the present invention, "transplantation (全 卵)" mainly means eggs, but is not limited thereto, and may include egg shells or egg shells may be removed.

On the other hand, supplementary feed for livestock according to the present invention preferably further comprises a concentrated fishery by-product in terms of improving the quality of the product and recycling the concentrated fishery by-products. The concentrated fishery byproduct added is not particularly limited and may be either one of the byproducts or a mixture thereof. Concentrated fishery by-product to be added may function to nutritionally supplement the livestock feed according to the present invention.

At this time, the waste mushroom medium 50 ~ 70% by weight, whole egg 10 ~ 20% by weight it is preferable to be composed of concentrated by-products.

(2) The present invention for solving the above-mentioned another problem, the present invention relates to a method for producing a livestock feed comprising the following steps: (A) mixing the raw material and dried at 75 ~ 110 ℃ Making; (B) thermally denaturing the dried raw material by high frequency treatment at 85 to 120 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes; (C) sterilizing the heat-modified raw material at 90 ~ 110 ℃ 10-30 minutes; (D) inoculating and mixing the fermentation bacteria in the sterilized raw material and then fermenting spontaneously while storing in a fermentation vessel;

In order to maximize the efficiency of the fermentation, the raw materials are preferably cut to an appropriate size in advance, and it is generally preferred to have a length of 2 to 10 cm.

Waste mushroom medium and egg eggs contain a lot of water, so if left for 48 hours, they will rot, and unnecessary energy is consumed in the subsequent processing. In addition, if the raw materials are mixed and fed as it will refuse eating, or cause severe diarrhea. Therefore, it is possible to produce satisfactory feed for livestock according to the present invention only by lowering the mixed raw material to an appropriate water content (water content of 15 to 35%) and thermally denaturing it at high frequency so as not to deteriorate even after long-term storage. .

Hot air or dry steam can be used for drying or sterilization. The high frequency treatment can utilize a conventional large microwave apparatus.

After inoculating and mixing the fermented bacteria in the raw material thus treated, the fermentation takes place for about 7 days, and the supplementary feed for livestock according to the present invention is soft and soft in texture and texture. Is completed. The livestock supplement produced does not show any change in the product even after six months if the seal is kept.

The sealing container for the fermentation may be any one used in the production of a conventional livestock feed, but the fermentation may proceed in a state where the contents remain stationary, and it is preferable that the sealed container may be kept in a completely sealed state. The amount of auxiliary feed added to the fermentation vessel can be adjusted according to the capacity of the fermentation vessel, it is preferable to add 300 ~ 400kg of mixed material per m ³ fermentation vessel.

After mixing and sealing the fermentation bacteria, fermentation proceeds in a stationary state, and if the transfer is required before fermentation, it is preferable to proceed with the fermentation process after completion of the transfer within 24 hours. When the impact is applied in the fermentation process, it is important that the fermentation process does not have sufficient fermentation, and even decay may occur. Fermentation is sufficient for 7 days under conditions of -10 ~ 45 ℃ (ie it can be fermented outdoors in winter or summer).

Fermentation bacteria inoculated in the present invention may be any kind of single or mixed bacteria useful for livestock. The types of fermentation bacteria that can be used in the present invention are shown in Table 1 below.

Culture of the fermentation strains may be carried out according to a conventional microbial culture method, inoculating the strain in a microbial medium suitable for the growth of each strain, shaking culture for 1 to 3 days at 20 ~ 40 ℃ to incubate the fermentation culture for inoculation You can get it. If necessary, it may be directly inoculated, or the fermentation bacteria may be concentrated by centrifugation or filtration, or may be inoculated with an excipient in a powdered state by freeze drying or vacuum freeze drying.

The auxiliary feed for livestock according to the present invention increases the economics on both sides of mushroom cultivation farms and livestock farms by processing waste mushroom medium containing a large amount of useful ingredients that have been utilized as compost.

Feeding the supplementary feed for livestock according to the present invention greatly improves the health and disease resistance of the livestock, it is possible to significantly reduce the use of nutritional supplements, antibiotics and the like used conventionally.

In addition, by using mushroom medium, rice bran, rice hull, bean curd, beer rice, rice straw, and whole egg which can be easily purchased in Korea, it is possible to feed the livestock with a comprehensive nutritional supplement and probiotics that are nutritionally superior to consumers. Not only that, but also contribute to strengthening the international competitiveness of livestock industry.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Application Examples. However, this embodiment is only an example for easily explaining the content and scope of the technical idea of the present invention, whereby the technical scope of the present invention is not limited or changed. In addition, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the present invention based on these examples.

<Example>

Example: Preparation of Supplementary Feed for Livestock According to the Present Invention

(1) The raw materials (prior to mushroom cultivation) were as shown in Table 2, and after mushrooms were grown, the waste mushroom medium as shown in Table 3 was used. 60% by weight of the mushroom medium, 10% by weight of rice bran, 5% by weight of sesame seeds, 10% by weight of ox chains and 15% by weight of whole eggs well mixed.

The mixed raw material was sometimes stirred (1-2 times / 10 minutes), and hot air at 85-90 ° C. was applied from the bottom to dry the water so that the water content of the raw material was about 25%. Subsequently, the dried mixed raw material was sometimes stirred (1-2 times / 10 minutes) at 95-105 ° C., and a high frequency was applied in a large-sized microwave oven (length 8 m × width 2 m × height 4 m, 120 Kw / hr). Heat denatured for 40 minutes. The heat-modified mixed raw material was sterilized by adding dry steam at 100-105 ° C from the bottom with occasional stirring (1-2 times / 10 minutes). The sterilized mixed raw material was cooled to room temperature, and then fermented bacteria powders described in Table 4 were inoculated by 0.02 Kg per Kg of mixed raw material, mixed well, sealed in a fermentation container, and allowed to naturally ferment at room temperature.

As can be seen in Table 6, it was confirmed several times when the useful bacteria different from the actual inoculated fermentation bacteria become dominant species (not shown). This is because the sterilization is not enough, many bacteria survive in the mixed raw material, but useful bacteria that are competitive under anaerobic fermentation conditions grow rapidly. Therefore, in some cases, it may be possible to prepare the feed for livestock according to the present invention by literally "natural fermentation" without the need for sterilization or inoculating separate fermentation bacteria.

After 7 days, the aroma and wine aroma emanating from the chocolate color was completed, and the feed supplement for livestock according to the present invention was very soft to the touch and texture. When the animal feed supplement was kept in a sealed state, even after six months there was no change in the product (not shown).

(2) Analysis of the components and contents of the components of the livestock supplementary feed, the remaining microbial flora and amino acids according to the present invention after 7 days of natural fermentation are shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7, respectively.

As can be seen from the table, the content of crude protein and crude fiber is fermented to the extent that it is almost digested by pepsin, no harmful bacteria are found and only useful fermented bacteria are present in more than 1 million g per feed. Free amino acids also corresponded to outliers overall.

Application example: pay result

The supplementary feed for livestock according to the present invention was additionally fed 2 kg per head twice a day to cattle and beef cattle, and changes of individuals were observed.

(1) The hair was visibly noticeable. Qualitative changes such as decreased bowel movements with increased digestive absorption rate and increased hay intake in proportion to the amount of supplementary feed, and decreased odor of manure were observed. In addition, the use of drugs such as antibiotics decreased due to strong disease resistance.

(2) Feeding the livestock supplementary food according to the present invention to cows (cows) for two farms raising 40 and 32 cows respectively, the flow rate of cows was increased, mastitis was suppressed, and somatic cell grades After the improvement, milk, which was 2-3 grades before feeding, was improved to grade 1 after feeding, and the production flow rate was also greatly increased, and the intake of feed was also increased (Table 8 and Table 9). As a result, the total income of both livestock prices increased by about 6 million won / month.

(3) Forty-two cows for cattle were continuously fed supplementary feed for livestock according to the present invention from weaning period, and changes and results were observed. As a result, the weight gain increased so much that the shipping age was 65 days earlier than the average shipping age, and meat grade was also high (Table 10).

Claims (7)

Lung mushroom medium and whole egg are the main raw material, and livestock supplementary animal feed containing the lung mushroom medium and whole egg which are fermented after heat denaturation. The method of claim 1, Auxiliary feed for livestock, comprising waste mushroom medium and whole egg as a main ingredient, further comprising concentrated fishery by-products. The method of claim 2, Lung mushroom medium 50 ~ 70% by weight, whole egg 10 ~ 20% by weight The rest is a supplementary feed for livestock with the main mushrooms and lung mushroom medium, characterized in that consisting of concentrated by-products. (A) mixing the raw materials and drying at 75 ~ 110 ℃; (B) thermally denaturing the dried raw material by high frequency treatment at 85 to 120 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes; (C) sterilizing the heat-modified raw material at 90 ~ 110 ℃ 10-30 minutes; (D) inoculating and mixing fermented bacteria in the sterilized raw material and then fermenting spontaneously while storing in a closed container; Waste mushroom medium according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a method of producing auxiliary feed for livestock feed containing the whole egg. The method of claim 4, wherein Fermentation bacteria to be mixed in the step (D) is Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis ), Bacillus licheniformis ( B. licheniformis ), Bacillus coagulans ( B. coagulans ), Lactobacillus plantarum ( L. plantarum ), Lactobacillus ash FIG filler's (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus momentum spread (L. fermentum), Lactobacillus Kasei (L. casei) or strain Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium), Streptococcus Gus (Streptococcus), Brassica romayi process (Saccharomyces), Rhodobacter (Rhodobacter) or separation tank crispus (Rhizopus) in strains of either or animal feed for the secondary medium to the waste mushroom and whole egg according to claim 1, wherein the main ingredient, characterized in that a mixture of two or more Manufacturing method. (A) mixing the raw materials and drying at 75 ~ 110 ℃; (B) thermally denaturing the dried raw material by high frequency treatment at 85 to 120 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes; (C) sterilizing the heat-modified raw material at 90 ~ 110 ℃ 10-30 minutes; (D) inoculating and mixing fermented bacteria in the sterilized raw material and then fermenting spontaneously while storing in a closed container; Waste mushroom medium according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a method for producing auxiliary feed for livestock feed using the whole egg. The method of claim 6, Fermentation bacteria to be mixed in the step (D) is Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis ), Bacillus licheniformis ( B. licheniformis ), Bacillus coagulans ( B. coagulans ), Lactobacillus plantarum ( L. plantarum ), Lactobacillus ash FIG filler's (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus momentum spread (L. fermentum), Lactobacillus Kasei (L. casei) or strain Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium), Streptococcus Gus (Streptococcus), Brassica Animal feed consisting mainly of lung mushroom medium and egg transfer according to claim 2, characterized in that it is one or a mixture of two or more strains of Saccharomyces , Rhodobacter or Rhizopus genus. Manufacturing method.