KR20090021347A - Improvements relating to a concrete masonry hollow block - Google Patents

Abstract

A building block having a body with three sets of opposing outer sides defining thereby a generally rectangular outer shape, the body having at least one passageway having an upper open end at a top of the block and an open lower end at a bottom of the block. An inner part of the block is comprised of a first material, and a second different material surrounds the inner part providing thereby an at least substantially continuous outer surface of said second material. A one side of a one of the sets of opposing sides having at least one protrusion extending outwardly from a planar surface of the side, and at least one cavity in the further opposed side of the same set of opposed sides in a position and of a size to receive and effect an alignment of a further block having the same shape and size of this first defined block, by receiving a or the protrusions into the cavity or cavities.

Description

IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO A CONCRETE MASONRY HOLLOW BLOCK}

The present invention relates to a concrete masonry unit such as a building block, a building constructed from a concrete masonry unit, and a building method using the concrete masonry unit.

It is known to use concrete hollow blocks for construction. It is traditionally made of very dry, no-slump concrete, a mixture of cement and aggregate. This mixture is compressed and / or vibrated during self-supporting to some extent in the mold, and then quickly removed from the mold and handled for curing and other processing for removal from the mold.

Such conventional blocks are also traditionally used for construction by using wet mortar beds that support each block. Each block is positioned by the skilled artisan and properly aligned, after which the mortar is cured. Such hardening is time consuming and may limit the number of blocks to be placed on top of other blocks in one working period.

Thus, in most cases, the cost associated with building a very heavy block depends on the need for skilled workers to manufacture each mortar bed, apply mortar, and then finally align the block with other blocks already stacked. do.

Another need for conventional concrete masonry blocks relates to their appearance.

It is an object of the present invention to reduce at least some of the above mentioned problems.

Still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the invention disclosed by way of illustration.

[Initiation of invention]

In one embodiment of the invention, in a building block comprising a body having three pairs of opposing outer sides defining a generally rectangular outline, the block at the top thereof. At least one passageway having an upper open end and a lower open end at the bottom thereof, wherein an inner part of the block is made of a first material and is different from the first material; A material surrounds the inner portion to provide at least a substantially continuous outer side, and one side of the pair of opposing outer side pairs includes at least one protrusion extending outwardly from the flat surface of the side; At least one cavity located on another side opposite the one side may allow the protrusion or protrusions into the cavity or cavities. By, receives the same shape and size and another block of the block offering a, building blocks having a position and size that can be aligned.

Preferably, the second material is denser than the first material.

Preferably, the second material is a cementitious material.

Preferably, the second material is prepared from a mixture comprising at least cement, sand and water as the main material.

Preferably, the first material is a mixture comprising expanded plastic particles and a cementitious binder.

Preferably, the first material is a mixture comprising at least cement, sand, water and expanded polystyrene beads as the main material.

Preferably, the first material comprises an additive that allows the expanded polystyrene particles or beads to be compatible and compatible with the wet mixture.

Preferably, the additive is first added to water before the drying materials are added.

Preferably, the outwardly extending protrusion extends from the top surface of the block, the cavity is formed on the bottom or bottom surface of the block, and, in use, to further join and align the block with another block. Accepts outwardly extending protrusions of another block.

Preferably, one or more slots may divide the outwardly extending protrusions to fit and position the outwardly extending protrusions in a position where another block overlaps or is fully fitted.

Preferably, the protrusion is substantially rounded.

Preferably, the protrusions are of substantially rectilinear shape instead of being substantially rounded.

Preferably, the protrusion is orthogonally symmetrical with respect to the block.

Preferably there are two passages between the top and bottom of the block, which are divided by walls extending between the side walls of the block to be integrated with the block.

Preferably, the cavity is defined by a skirt that extends to integrate with the block around the lower perimeter of the block.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises two side walls opposite and two end walls opposite, as an integral part and made of wet cast cement. A building block comprising: the sidewalls and the endwalls together define at least one internal passageway through the block completely from the bottom to the top of the block, the outer uppermost perimeter of the block being substantially In a single plane, a portion of each wall behind the outer top outer circumference is higher than the outer top outer circumference, each outer bottom outer circumference of each wall is all in a single plane, and each wall behind the outer bottom outer circumference Is partially higher than the outer circumference, and the same block as the block is defined by the outermost side face with the block. When arranged so that a portion of each wall behind said outermost outer circumference is arranged and shaped so as to provide a receiving shape in which the outermost outer circumference of said same block and said outermost outer circumference of said block coincide. It can be said that it is about building blocks.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises two side walls opposite and two end walls opposite, as an integral part and made of wet cast cement. A building block comprising: the side walls and the end walls together define at least one internal passageway through the block completely from the bottom to the top of the block, the outer top circumference of each of the walls being all together substantially single In a plane, a portion of each wall behind the outer top circumference is higher than the outer circumference, all of the outer bottom circumferences of the respective wall are in a single plane, and a portion of each wall behind the outer bottom circumference When the same block as the block is arranged higher than the outer circumference and the outermost side is aligned, A portion of each wall behind the outer bottom circumference may be referred to as a building block, wherein the portion is arranged and shaped such that the outer bottom circumference of the same block and the outer top circumference of the block provide a matching receiving shape.

In another embodiment, the present invention includes two outer sides located opposite, two outer ends located opposite and a top and a bottom and are substantially rectangular. In a building block having an outline of a hollow passageway, a hollow passageway is formed through the block completely from the top of the block to the bottom of the block, and over a plane on which each of the plurality of protrusions is formed by the top of the block. At least one extension extending along a portion of the outer periphery at the top of the hollow passageway, the one or more receiving cavities extending into the lower surface, each protruding portion located proximate or adjacent to the medial side; The shape and position correspond to accommodate the protrusions, and the respective protrusions and cavities or cavities correspond to each other. In that in the position, it can be said about the building block.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a construction of a first building block as described above, wherein the first building block is located on a second building block that is substantially the same as the first building block, And wherein the first building block comprises an upward protrusion that abuts corresponding cavities in the underside of the second building block.

Preferably, each said block is joined with a building adhesive.

In another embodiment, the invention provides an assembly comprising at least two of the aforementioned blocks, wherein the size and shape of the first of the blocks is substantially the same as the size and shape of the second of the blocks and A thin adhesive interface wherein the first block is positioned above and the front and rear sides of the blocks are each aligned to form a common plane, the bottom surface of the first block being substantially formed between the two engaging surfaces of the blocks It may refer to an assembly that is disposed by, aligned and attached by.

The term "wet cast concrete" refers to compressing and / or vibrating small pieces of concrete, which takes some time before they are removed from the mold, to be quickly removed from the mold after the compression and / or vibration process. It is used to distinguish between blocks made of very dry, no-slump concrete that is cured outside the mold.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be illustrated by the preferred embodiments described with reference to the drawings:

1 is a perspective view from above of a block of the first embodiment;

2 is a perspective view from below of a block of the first embodiment;

3 is a perspective view from above of the block but from a direction opposite to that of FIG. 1;

4 is a plan view of a block of the first embodiment;

5 is a side elevation view of a cut away portion of the first embodiment;

6 is an end view of a cut away portion of the first embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of two blocks according to a first embodiment positioned to be supported and supported with an adhesive therebetween; FIG.

8 is a cross-sectional view of two blocks stacked in accordance with the second embodiment;

9 is a cross-sectional view of two blocks aligned opposite to the two blocks stacked in accordance with the second embodiment of FIG. 8;

10 is a perspective view of blocks according to the second embodiment combined to illustrate a building assembly;

11 is a cross sectional view of a pair of blocks according to the second embodiment that are interlocked, joined and adhered;

12 is a sectional view of a block according to the third embodiment;

13 is a perspective view from above of a fourth embodiment;

14 is a perspective view from below of the fourth embodiment;

15 is a sectional view of the blocks of the fourth embodiment assembled;

16 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment;

17 is a perspective view from below of a block of the fifth embodiment;

18 is a sectional view of blocks of the sixth embodiment; And

19 and 20 are perspective views of the sixth embodiment.

Detailed description of the invention

Referring now to the drawings in detail, FIGS. 1 to 7 show two end walls 4 and 2 opposite sidewalls 2 and 3, which are made of wet pour cement and which are opposite as an integral part. A first embodiment of a block 1 comprising 5) and in which the walls 2, 3, 4 and 5 are integrally formed.

The respective walls 2, 3, 4 and 5 are in this specific case aligned so as to form a hollow passage 6 in one case and a hollow passage 7 in the other case between them.

An advantage of these hollow passages 6 and 7 is that the block 1 has the same size and composition and is lighter than a block without hollow passages. Moreover, these cavities provide thermal insulation which has proven to be useful not only in terms of energy saving but also in terms of fire resistance.

There is an intermediate joining wall 8 that crosses from the wall 2 to the wall 3 and is formed integrally with the walls as a wall.

There is an outer top circumference 9 in the block, which substantially defines the plane 10. Referring to the plane 10, there is a portion of the block exemplified by the respective parts, for example 11, 12, 13 and 14, and a peripheral border area (part of the plane 10) ( A higher portion (ie, forming a protrusion) away from 15), which is located inward in this embodiment.

The higher portions (projections) 11 to 14 typically protrude, but are separated by portions leaving regions that are compatible with the plane 10 and such "slots" illustrated at 17 and 18. The purpose of "is to allow similar blocks to fit and position in overlapping or fully-fitting positions.

It is preferable to treat the higher portions 11 to 14 shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 in a rounded shape, since this rounded shape is more rigid than the sharp edged shape which is more easily cut or broken with use. .

The advantage of the protruding portion is that it provides a shape that is biased from the outer edge but protrudes from the outer edge and acts as a "flashing" that impedes access to moisture.

This effect is somewhat damaged by the slots 17 and 18, but the damage effect is relatively small since the area provided by the slots is relatively small compared to the overall length of the upper portions 11-14. little.

Referring now to the bottom surface shown in FIG. 2, there is an outer bottom circumference 20, which is also shown in the other figures, forming the bottom plane 21.

In this case, the outer bottom circumference provides what can be called a skirt, the skirt completely surrounding the bottom part of the block 1, the plane 10 and the protruding part 11. And a protruding portion 22 in position and height relative to the plane 21, selected to fit within a few millimeters, is inserted into the plane 21.

In this particular case, the dimensions provided are such that the area provided by the lowest plane 21 and part of the plane 10 is approximately equal to the area provided by plane 22 and plane 16. All.

Thus, if the first block is located above the second block, the faces are almost evenly shared by face to face contact, and in this case, except in the case of the use of adhesives in the building technique. The close contact with each other provides this support.

Moreover, the advantage of having a nearly similar width is that the upper part is relatively solid in handling and the skirt portion suspended from the bottom of the block is also relatively solid and will not easily break when handled conventionally or roughly at the construction site.

It should be noted that the underside of the block 1 is not intended to provide independent parts that fit within each slot (such as 17 or 18).

The manufacture of the block 1 is by means of a wet pouring technique, which means that the block can be self supporting and thus rely on the hardening of the cement before it can be extracted from the forming die.

This is distinguished from conventional compressive masonry cast block systems, where very dry, slump-free or negligible concrete is used and can be quickly extracted from the die by using vibration and / or pressure. As such, any substantial cement hardening is expected to occur after extraction and the cement hardening can be performed, for example, by steam hardening or other conventional methods.

In connection with this specific embodiment and at least an important part of the present invention and application, we use parts of the block having different properties.

A feature of the inner part is that concrete formed from portland cement, sand and polystyrene beads is used.

The concrete has been found to be a useful material that provides adequate structural strength to the inner part of a block of this type, and the outer part of the block does not contain materials such as expanded plastics. It is provided by a separate facing material.

It is known to properly coat polystyrene beads to be compatible with wet cement, in particular Portland cement, in which case it is proposed to use such mixtures. The beads may be treated prior to addition to the mixture, protective additives may be mixed with the dry mixture, or mixed with water before the dry mixture is added.

The advantage of using polystyrene beads is that lightweight concrete can be provided that has a moderate compressive strength but can also provide block sizes that enable economical handling, storage and manufacturing, and can be used in foam, sand or other aggregates, And by providing an exterior material which may be a conventional cement sand mixture applied and integrated on an inner core material made of cement, the exterior surface may be decorative, impermeable to moisture, or While it may be appropriately selected for other applications, the inner body provides the block with adequate support strength while at the same time providing a bulk according to the required purpose.

Typical mixtures for the inner interior material are as follows (one block):

Polystyrene: 6.5L to 7L

Cement: 4kg to 5kg

Sand: 5kg to 5.5kg

Water: 1.8L to 2.1L

Suga Plastecizer: 14 mL to 20 mL

Calcium chloride: 50 mL to 65 mL

Air entraining agent: 14 mL to 20 mL

In addition, typical outer layer mixtures (based on one block):

Sand: 0.55kg to 0.58kg

Cement: 0.3 kg to 0.4 kg.

Properly treated polystyrene beads can be purchased from conventional suppliers.

The block 1 has features that aid in manufacture and use.

The first feature is that the sides opposite to each other (eg 21 and 22) and also opposite sides 23 and 24 are tapered so that the mouth of the lower end 25 is tapered. The inner passage is formed by sides tapered aligned to have a wider inlet.

This allows for easier core extraction during manufacturing, ie block casting followed by immediate extraction from the die.

In addition to the benefits of aiding die extraction, this tapered shape acts as a lead when the bottom of the block 1 is placed over the upward protrusion of a similar block below it having a corresponding shape. It also helps when placing one block on top of another.

The angle of the taper may be in a meaningful range, ranging from a small value of 1 ° or 2 ° to a value closer to 45 ° or more vertical.

The shape of the lowermost cavity is also formed by sidewalls (such as 28 and 29) and they are also chosen to match the rounded shape of the upward protrusions 26 and 27.

The block 1 further comprises an outer top corner, aris 30, and a bottom outermost corner, aris 31.

In FIG. 7, there are two blocks, indicated 32 and 33, repeating the blocks of the first embodiment and these are one block the other block such that the upward protrusions (such as 34) are located in cavities having a corresponding shape. It is just aligned above.

The two blocks have upper and lower arises (at 35, 36, 37), which not only provide some decorative but also provide the ability to minimize the cracking of corners which may not be visually good.

In this case the two blocks 32 and 33 are joined together by a building adhesive; Suitable materials for this purpose are conventional cementitious adhesives.

In order to join two bricks or blocks, a mass of adhesive material is applied over each abutment surface, and the amount of adhesive is substantially completely spread over each of the surfaces when the two abutment surfaces meet so that the adhesive force between each of the surfaces is improved. To provide the sealing not only for the penetration of the water, but also for the penetration of the water.

The amount of adhesive required can be determined through practical work and is generally chosen such that there is a separation gap of about 2 mm sufficient for the adhesive between the facing surfaces and at the same time the dimensions of the respective facing surfaces are chosen to allow for this small separation interval.

However, the separation spacing is generally centered when the blocks are positioned, in actual work, and one block is aligned exactly enough at the overlapping or corner joining position over the other blocks, neglecting the need for further positioning adjustments. Or not.

8 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled blocks shown in FIG. 7.

Fig. 10 illustrates the case where the same blocks as in the first embodiment are used in an overlapping arrangement.

In this example, the blocks in each case overlap half and a quarter size block 41 is provided to fill the gap created by overlapping the blocks in this way.

The blocks (shown here 40) have the same characteristics as the blocks of the first embodiment and are joined in this case by using a building adhesive as described above.

The quarter-sized block 41 in this case is made to contain polystyrene beads and to be free of polystyrene beads or the like during the wet cast molding process and the It is made from solid masonry concrete material with an outer side coinciding with the outer side.

A cross section of the building shown in FIG. 10 is shown in FIG. 11. Alternatives to the cross-sectional shape of the upward protrusions in the block drawn in connection with the first embodiment may be changed, for example the upward protrusions 45 assume the majority of the interface support and the upper portion. Alternatives are now illustrated through the remaining portions of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, with a much narrower edge 46 providing a plane that forms an upper outermost edge.

Moreover, the side wall 47 is more severely inclined.

In other cases, the blocks are formed of a polystyrene bead embedded masonry material, an outer facing material which is formed by wet pouring but in this case is not embedded polystyrene beads and the block Are combined in this case with building adhesive leaving a separation gap of 50 mm, but this separation is accompanied by any construction.

Referring now to FIGS. 13, 14 and 15, another upward protrusion is shown having a triangular cross-sectional shape, typically shown at 51.

The protrusion is then centered along the plane and the corresponding edge cavity 53 is located at the bottom as specifically shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.

16, 17 and 18 illustrate another shape in which the upward projections are rectangular cross-sectional shapes as in 55 with respect to the otherwise formed plane 56.

This shape again has a corresponding cavity shape specifically shown in FIG. 17 as 57.

Finally, another variant of the upwardly projecting engagement shape shown at 60 with respect to plane 61 and the corresponding cavity shape 62 in the bottom of the block is shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.

Although the present invention has been shown and described in what is considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is not to be limited to the details set forth herein, but the full scope of the appended claims including any and all equivalent devices and equipment. It should be borne in mind that changes may be made within the scope of the invention in accordance with.

Claims (22)

17. A building block comprising a body having three pairs of opposing outer sides that collectively define a rectangular outline, the block having an upper open end and a top open end thereon. At least one passageway having a lower open end at the bottom thereof, wherein the inner part of the block consists of a first material and at least substantially continuous other second material different from the first material Surrounding the inner side to provide a side, and one side of the pair of opposing outer side pairs includes at least one protrusion extending outwardly from the flat surface of the side, At least one cavity located on the other side is identical to the block by receiving the protrusion or protrusions into the cavity or cavities. A building block having a position and size to accommodate and align another block of one shape and size. The building block of claim 1, wherein the second material is denser than the first material. The building block of claim 2, wherein the second material is a cementitous material. 4. The building block of claim 3, wherein the second material is made from a mixture comprising at least cement, sand, and water as the main material. The building block of claim 1, wherein the first material is a mixture comprising expanded plastic particles and a cementitious binder. 6. A building block according to claim 5, wherein said first material is a mixture comprising at least cement, sand, water and expanded polystyrene beads as main material. 7. The building block of claim 6, wherein the first material comprises an additive that allows the expanded polystyrene particles or beads to be compatible and compatible with the wet mixture. 8. The block according to claim 1, wherein the outwardly extending projection extends from an upper surface of the block and the cavity is formed on the lower surface or the bottom surface of the block. Building blocks for receiving outwardly extending projections of the other blocks to join and align the other blocks. 9. A projection according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one slot divides the outwardly extending projection so that the outwardly extending projection is in a position where another block overlaps or is fully fitted. A building block characterized by being able to fit in and be located. 10. The building block of claim 9, wherein the protrusion is substantially rounded. The building block of claim 10, wherein the protrusion is orthogonally symmetrical with respect to the block. 12. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein there are two passages between the top and bottom of the block, divided by walls extending between the sidewalls of the block to integrate with the block. Building blocks. The building block according to claim 1, wherein the cavity is defined by a skirt extending around the lower perimeter of the block so as to be integrated with the block. 12. A building block made of wet cast cement, wherein the building block comprises two side walls opposite and two end walls opposite, as an integral part, wherein the side walls are constructed of wet cast cement. And endwalls together define at least one inner passageway through the block completely from the bottom to the top of the block, the outer uppermost perimeter of the block being substantially in a single plane, the outer top circumference A portion of each wall at the rear is higher than the outer top circumference, the outer bottom outer circumference of each wall is all in a single plane, and a portion of each wall behind the outer bottom outer circumference is higher than the outer circumference When the same block as the block is arranged such that the block and the outermost side face are aligned, the outer side In that a portion of each of the outer peripheral wall of the lower back and arranged to provide the receiving geometry (a receiving shape) of the outer bottom periphery and the outer uppermost perimeter of the block of the same block having a matching shape, Building blocks. 12. A building block made of wet cast cement, wherein the building block comprises two side walls opposite and two end walls opposite, as an integral part, wherein the side walls are constructed of wet cast cement. And endwalls together define at least one inner passageway that completely passes through the block from bottom to top of the block, the outer top circumference of each of the walls all together in a substantially single plane, behind the outer top circumference A portion of each wall of is higher than the outer circumference, the outer lowest outer circumference of each wall is all in a single plane, a portion of each wall behind the outer lowest outer circumference is higher than the outer circumference, and When the same block as the block is arranged so that the block and the outermost side are aligned, each of the back of the outer lowest outer circumference Wherein the portion of the wall is arranged and shaped such that the outer bottom outer circumference of the same block and the outer top outer circumference of the block provide a matching receiving shape. In a building block having two substantially outer sides, two outer ends located opposite and a top and a bottom and having a substantially rectangular outline, A hollow passageway is formed through the block completely from the top of the block to the bottom of the block, each of the plurality of protrusions extending over a plane formed by the top of the block, each of the protrusions Positioned and proximate to the side to extend along a portion of the outer periphery at the top of the hollow passageway, the shape and position corresponding to receiving the one or more protrusions extending into the lower surface of the one or more receiving cavities And each of the protrusions and cavities or cavities is in a position corresponding to each other. In a construction constructed with a first building block according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the first building block is located on a second building block that is substantially the same as the first building block. And the first building block comprises an upward protrusion in contact with corresponding cavities in the underside of the second building block. 18. The building of claim 17 wherein each block is joined by a building adhesive. 17. An assembly comprising at least two blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the size and shape of the first of the blocks is substantially the size and shape of the second of the blocks. Thin, wherein the first block is positioned above and the front and rear sides of each block are each aligned to form a common plane, and the bottom surface of the first block is substantially formed between the two engaging surfaces of the blocks. An assembly disposed, aligned and attached by an adhesive interface. Building blocks described herein with respect to the accompanying drawings and as exemplified in the drawings. The building described herein with respect to the accompanying drawings and as exemplified in the drawings. An assembly described herein with respect to the accompanying drawings and as exemplified in the drawings.

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