JP2009536276A - Improvements on concrete masonry hollow blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

A building block having at least one passage having an upper open end at the top of the block and an open lower end at the bottom of the block, with a body defining a generally rectangular outline by three sets of opposing outer sides . The inner portion of the block is comprised of a first material and a second material that is different from the first material surrounding the inner portion and provides at least a substantially continuous outer surface of the second material. One side of one of the opposing side sets has at least one protrusion extending outwardly from the plane of the side and at least one cavity of another opposing side of the same opposing side set is the first limitation A position and size that has the same shape and size as the block made, receives another block by receiving one or more protrusions in the cavity or cavities, and performs its alignment.
[Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a concrete masonry unit such as a building block, a building using a concrete masonry unit, and a building method using these concrete masonry units.

  The use of concrete hollow blocks for construction is known. These are traditionally made from very dry no-slump concrete, which is a mixture of cement and aggregate. The mixture is compressed and / or vibrated in the mold to the extent that it is self-supporting and then quickly removed from the mold and handled away from the mold for curing and other processing.

  Such conventional blocks are also conventionally used in construction by using a wet mortar floor that supports each block. Each block is adjusted to an appropriate position by those skilled in the art for proper alignment, and then the mortar is left and cured. Since such curing takes time, the number of blocks that can be placed on top of another block in one session may be limited.

  As a result, the construction costs are determined by the person skilled in the art in preparing each mortar floor, often applying the final mortar where the block is very heavy and then aligning the block with other blocks already positioned. Depends on the need to adjust.

  A further problem with conventional masonry concrete blocks is their appearance.

  It is an object of the present invention to mitigate one or more of the above difficulties to at least some extent.

  Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, which, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, discloses an illustrative and illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

  In one form of the invention, the body has a generally rectangular outer shape defined by three opposing outer sides, the body having at least one upper open end at the top of the block and an open lower end at the bottom of the block. And an inner portion of the block comprising a first material and a second material different from the first material surrounding the inner portion and providing at least a substantially continuous outer surface of the second material And one side of the opposing side set has at least one protrusion extending outwardly from the plane of the side and at least one cavity of another opposing side of the same opposing side set is one or more Receiving one or more protrusions in the cavity of the second position to receive another block having the same shape and size as the first limited block and to perform its alignment And building blocks with those of size is proposed.

  It is desirable that the second material has a higher density than the first material.

  The second material is preferably a cement-based material.

  The second material is preferably made of a mixture mainly composed of cement, sand and water.

  The first material is preferably a mixture of expanded plastic particles and a cementitious binder.

  The first material is preferably a mixture mainly containing at least cement, sand, water, and expanded polystyrene beads.

  Desirably, the first material includes an additive to allow the expanded polystyrene particles or beads to be compatible and miscible with the wet mixture.

  It is desirable to add the additive to the water before adding the dry ingredients.

  An outwardly extending protrusion extends from the top surface of the block, a cavity is formed in the bottom or bottom surface of the block, and in use, the cavity extends outwardly of another block to join and align the two building blocks Desirably adapted to receive a protrusion.

  It is desirable that one or more slots divide outwardly extending protrusions so that another block can be placed and nested in any of the overlapping positions that overlap or perfectly match.

  It is desirable that the protrusion is substantially round.

  Alternatively, it is desirable for the protrusions to be substantially straight.

  The protrusions are preferably symmetrical at right angles to the block.

  It is desirable that there are two passages extending between the top and bottom of the block, which are divided so as to be integral therewith by a wall extending between the side walls of the block.

  The cavity is preferably a skirt that extends around the lower periphery of the block and is limited to be integral therewith.

  In another form, the present invention provides two opposing locations that, as an integral part, define two opposing location sidewalls and at least one inner passage both extending completely through the top from the bottom of the block. A wet cast cement building block having a plurality of end walls, wherein the outer top perimeter of the block is substantially in one plane, and each wall portion behind the outer top perimeter is higher than the outer top perimeter, The outer bottom perimeters of the walls of the wall are all in one plane, and each wall portion behind the outer bottom perimeter is higher than the outer perimeter, the latter part having the outermost side on the first block. When installed to be aligned, it can be said that the position and shape is such that the outermost lower periphery of the same block provides a receiving shape that substantially matches the outer uppermost periphery of the first block.

  In another form, the present invention provides two opposing locations that, as an integral part, define two opposing location sidewalls and at least one inner passage both extending completely through the top from the bottom of the block. A building block of wet cast cement having a plurality of end walls, the outer top perimeters of each wall are all in one plane, the portion of each wall behind the top outer perimeter is higher than the outer perimeter, The outer bottom perimeters of each wall are all in one plane, and the portion of each wall behind the outer bottom perimeter is higher than the outer perimeter, the latter part having the outermost side on the first block. When installed to be aligned, it can be said that the position and shape is such that the outermost lower periphery of the same block provides a receiving shape that substantially matches the outer uppermost periphery of the first block.

  In another form, the present invention provides a hollow passage extending completely through the bottom from the top of the block, the outer surface of the two opposing locations, the outer ends of the two opposing locations, the top and bottom. And a plurality of protrusions each extending over a surface limited to the top of the block, each protrusion extending adjacently or joined along a portion of the perimeter of the top of the hollow passage And one or more receiving cavities extending to a planar surface at the bottom of the block, each cavity having a corresponding shape and position to receive one or more protrusions extending into the bottom surface, It can be said that each of the projections and the cavity or cavities are in positions corresponding to each other in a rectangular building block.

  In another form, the invention provides that the first building block described above is positioned on a second substantially identical block, the first block engaging a corresponding cavity in the lower surface of the second block. It can also be said that it has an upward projection.

  Each block is preferably held together by a building adhesive.

  In another form, the invention is an assembly of at least two blocks, each as described above, wherein the size and shape of the first one of the block is substantially the same as the size and shape of the second one of the block. The first one of the blocks is located above and aligned to define a common surface at each front and rear surface, and the first block having the bottom surface is positioned directly aligned, It can also be said that the adhesion is achieved by a thin adhesive interface extending between at least substantially two joining surfaces of each block.

  The term “wet cast concrete” is a very dry north lamp concrete that is compressed and / or vibrated into a compact mass, and after such a process is removed very rapidly from the mold and cured outside the mold It is used to distinguish this concrete that needs to be placed in the mold a little longer until it is released, compared to a block that uses something that can.

  For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made to a preferred embodiment that will be described with reference to the following drawings.

It is a perspective view of 1st Example from the top of a block. It is a perspective view of 1st Example from the bottom of a block. It is the perspective view which looked at the block from the opposite side of the 1st figure of Drawing 1 from the top of a block. It is a top view of the same 1st Example. FIG. 3 is a side view of the first embodiment with a part cut away. It is an end view with a part cut away of the first embodiment. It is a perspective view of two blocks which are in a support detention position and which concern on 1st Example which contains an adhesive agent between two blocks. It is a cross-sectional view of two blocks, one on the other block according to the second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a transverse cross-sectional view in the reverse arrangement of two blocks, one on the other block according to the second embodiment as shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a block according to a second embodiment coupled to show a building assembly. It is a cross-sectional view of a set of blocks according to a second embodiment arranged in interlocking, coupling and bonding arrangement. It is a cross-sectional view of the block which concerns on 3rd Example. It is a perspective view from the top of the 4th example. It is a perspective view of the same 4th example when it sees from the bottom. It is a cross-sectional view of the block of the 4th example in assembly arrangement. It is a perspective view of 5th Example. It is a perspective view of the same 5th example when seen from the bottom. It is a cross-sectional view of the block of 5th Example. It is a perspective view of 6th Example. It is a perspective view of 6th Example.

  Referring to the drawings in detail, FIGS. 1 to 7 show a first embodiment, in which the block 1 is made of wet cast cement and, as an integral part, two oppositely located (ie opposite) side walls. 2 and 3, and two oppositely positioned (ie, opposing) end walls 4 and 5, which are each integrally molded.

  These respective walls 2, 3, 4 and 5 are arranged in such a way that, in this case, in particular in this case a hollow passage 6 is limited on one side and 7 on the other side.

  The advantage of these passages 6 and 7 is that the block 1 is lighter than another block of the same size and composition. Furthermore, these cavities provide thermal insulation and can prove beneficial not only in terms of energy saving but also in terms of fire resistance.

  There is an intermediate coupling wall 8 that extends laterally from wall 2 to wall 3 and is molded integrally therewith.

  The block is provided with an upper outermost perimeter 9 which substantially limits ten planes. Referring to this plane 10, there are some of the blocks exemplified by the respective parts such as 11, 12, 13, and 14 as examples, and in this example, provide a high part (ie, forming a protrusion), The peripheral part 15 which is a part of the limited plane 10 is left, and the high part is installed in the back.

  The high portions (protrusions) 11 to 14 are generally raised, but are separated by a portion that leaves a region that coincides with a plane such as 10, the purpose of these “slots” shown for example in 17 and 18 is to overlap or completely Regardless of the indwelling position, the same block is appropriately placed so that it can be nested.

  It may be desirable to round these high portions 11 to 14 shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 because such rounded shapes are more robust than high portions with sharp edges that tend to chip or break on use. This is because of this.

  The advantage of the raised portion is that it implicitly provides a shape that deviates from the outer edge, but is raised from it and acts as a “rain guard” that prevents access of moisture through it.

  This effect is somewhat destroyed by the slots 17 and 18, but the area provided by the slots is relatively small compared to the total length of the tops 11 to 14, and the loss effect is relatively small.

  Here, when viewed from the lower side as shown in FIG. 2, there is a lowermost outermost periphery 20 that defines a lowermost plane 21, as shown in other drawings.

  In this case, this provides what is called a skirt, completely encircling the lowermost part of the block 1, and it is the raised part 22 that fits from this plane 1, whose position and height relative to the plane 21 are in the respective plane 10. And the ridges are generally selected to coincide within 11 to 14 millimeters.

  In this particular case, the dimensions are chosen so that the area given by the bottom plane 21 and to some extent the plane 10 is approximately the same as the area given by the plane 22 and plane 16.

  When the first block is on the second block, it is expected to share approximately equal loads on the one-to-one contact, but in this case, both sides are in close contact with each other, except for the degree of adhesive in building technology. Engage and provide this support.

  However, the advantage of having approximately the same width is that during handling, the top is relatively sturdy, and the skirt portion subordinate to the bottom of the block is also relatively sturdy, so that it can be used in conventional handling on the construction site or in rough handling. Even if it exists, it is a point to become more resistant to breakage.

  Note that the lower side of block 1 is not intended to provide a separate part that fits within each slot, such as 17 or 18.

  The construction of this block 1 is a wet cast construction technique, i.e. it depends at least in part on the curing of the cement until it is self-supporting and can be extracted from the mold for molding.

  This differs from conventional compression masonry cast block systems in that they are very dry in conventional systems, or in concrete terms that are slump free or negligible in industry terminology, and can be quickly out of the mold using vibration and / or pressure. In order to be able to be extracted, it is expected that substantial curing of the cement is expected after die cutting, but this can be achieved in a suitable manner, for example by steam curing or other conventional techniques.

  We use block parts with different characteristics, especially with respect to this embodiment and at least a substantial part of the present application and invention.

  The internal properties are that of concrete formed with Portland cement, sand and polystyrene beads.

  This has been found to be an effective material and can provide adequate structural strength inside this type of block, with the exterior of the block being provided by a separate finishing material that does not include materials such as foam plastic. It is done.

  It is known to treat polystyrene beads with a suitable coating so that they can be mixed with wet cement, in particular Portland cement, and in this case it is suggested that such a mixture must be used. The beads can be treated prior to addition to the mixture, or the protective additive can be mixed with the dry mixture or with water prior to adding the dry mixture.

  The advantage of using polystyrene beads is the finishing material that can be applied to conventional cement sand mixtures by providing a lightweight concrete that has the appropriate compressive strength, but also provides a block size that allows for economical handling and storage and manufacturing , And integrated with foam, sand and other aggregates, cement inner core material, the entire outer surface can be decorative, impermeable to moisture, or other suitable applications, The internal body is the point of giving this necessary support strength as well as the bulk for the required purpose.

A typical mixture of inner core materials may be as follows (per block):
Polystyrene: 6.5L to 7L
Cement: 4kg to 5kg
Sand: 5kg to 5.5kg
Water 1.8L to 2.1L
Super plasticizer: 14mL to 20mL
Calcium chloride: 50mL to 65mL
Air entrainer: 14 mL to 20 mL
In addition to this, the following representative outer layer mixtures are as follows (per block):
Sand: 0.55kg to 0.58kg
Cement: 0.3kg to 0.4kg

  Properly processed polystyrene beads can be purchased from conventional suppliers.

  This block 1 has features useful for manufacturing and use.

  The first is, for example, that the side surfaces 21 and 22 that face each other and the side surfaces 23 and 24 that also face each other taper so that the upper mouth is wider and wider than the mouth of the lower end 25. The internal passage is limited by the side surfaces that are tapered and arranged.

  This facilitates core extraction during manufacture, i.e. after the block has been struck and ready to be extracted from the mold.

  This has the advantage that it can also help with mold removal, but when placing a block on top of another block, the bottom of block 1 will be above the upwardly protruding portion of the corresponding shape of a similar block below it. This tapered shape acts as a lead when approaching.

  The degree of taper can be in a large range from as small as 1 to 2 ° to more than 45 ° with respect to the vertical.

  The lowest cavity shape is also limited by the side walls such as 28 and 29, and is also selected to match the circular shape of the upwardly projecting portions 26 and 27.

  Block 1 further includes Alice 30 on the outer uppermost edge and Alice 31 on the lower outermost edge.

  In FIG. 7, there are two blocks, referred to as 32 and 33, which duplicate the blocks of the first embodiment, but these are placed in alignment with the upwardly protruding portions such as 34 nested within correspondingly shaped cavities. Shown with one on top of the other.

  Both of these two blocks have upper and lower Alices 35, 36, and 37, and this feature is somewhat decorative and minimizes accidental missing edges that would be visually undesirable. The functional characteristics are also given.

  In this case, the two blocks 32 and 33 are joined by a building adhesive, but a suitable material for this purpose is a conventional cementitious adhesive.

  In order to join two bricks or blocks, a bead of adhesive material is sent to each joint surface, but the extent to which this is unfolded, the adhesive is substantially each when the two joint surfaces meet. It spreads over the entire surface of the surface and provides not only adhesion between the surfaces and thus block adhesion, but also a seal against water ingress.

  The amount of adhesive required is actually determinable and is generally selected to allow a separation gap of about 2 millimeters between the joining surfaces, which is sufficient to allow for the material's adhesive body. At the same time, the dimensions of each interface are chosen to allow for this small separation.

  However, this separation is actually in-situ as the block is positioned so that it is aligned centrally as a whole and is aligned with the corner joints sufficiently accurately whether one is over the other or overlaps. Choose so that further adjustments at are negligible or unnecessary.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view through the assembled block shown in FIG.

  FIG. 10 shows the same blocks as in the first embodiment when used for construction in an overlapping arrangement.

  At this time, the blocks in each case are half-overlapped, and the quarter block 41 fills the gap generated by overlapping the blocks in this way.

  The block shown here as 40 has the same characteristics as the block of the first embodiment, both of which are held together by the building adhesive described above.

  The quarter block 41 in this case is made of a solid masonry concrete material containing polystyrene beads in this case, and the outer surface of the other block 40 made during the wet casting process so that polystyrene beads or the like are not embedded. Having an outer surface that coincides with

  A cross-sectional view of the construct shown in FIG. 10 is shown in FIG. 11, but alternatives to the cross-sectional shape of the upward protrusion of the block shown in connection with the first embodiment can be modified, and the alternative is shown throughout the remaining examples, for example FIG. At 12, the upward protrusion shown at 45 occupies the majority of the interface support and 46 has a very narrow edge, providing a confined plane of the upper outermost edge.

  Further, in this case, the side wall 47 is inclined slightly wider.

  This block also includes a masonry material embedded with polystyrene beads at 48, formed by a wet process, but in this case an exterior finish material not embedded with polystyrene beads, as shown at 49, in this case building the block Adhering with the adhesive material, leaving a separation gap of several millimeters at 50, but this separation is associated with the overall dimensions of any construct.

  Referring to FIGS. 13, 14, and 15, these show different upward protrusions, here typically shown as a triangular cross-section like 51.

  This can be centrally located and the corresponding edge cavity 53 is at the bottom, as shown in particular in FIGS.

  FIGS. 16, 17, and 18 show alternative shapes, with upward projections such as 55 for the other confined plane 56 being straight in cross section.

  This also has a cavity shape that corresponds specifically to 57 as shown in FIG.

  Finally, shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 are further variations of the upward projecting interlocking shape shown at 60 relative to the constraining plane 61 and a corresponding cavity shape 62 in the block bottom.

  What has been described and described herein is considered to be the most realistic and preferred embodiment of the invention, but deviations are possible within the scope of the invention and are not limited to the details described herein, It is understood to include any and all equivalent devices in accordance with the full range of ranges.

Claims (22)

  A body defining a generally rectangular outline by three sets of opposing outer sides, the body having at least one passage having an upper open end at the top of the block and an open lower end at the bottom of the block; The inner portion of the block is comprised of a first material and a second material different from the first material surrounding the inner portion, providing at least a substantially continuous outer surface of the second material, and one of the opposing side sets. One side has at least one projection extending outwardly from the plane of the side and at least one cavity on another opposing side of the same opposing side set has one or more projections in the cavity or cavities To receive another block having the same shape and size as this first limited block and to have a position and size for performing the alignment. Building blocks.   The building block according to claim 1, wherein the second material has a higher density than the first material.   The building block according to claim 2, wherein the second material is a cement-based material.   4. The building block according to claim 3, wherein the second material is mainly composed of a mixture composed of at least cement, sand, and water.   The building block according to claim 1, wherein the first material is a mixture of foamed plastic particles and a cement binder.   6. The building block according to claim 5, wherein the first material is a mixture mainly containing at least cement, sand, water, and expanded polystyrene beads.   7. The building block of claim 6, wherein the first material includes an additive to allow the expanded polystyrene particles or beads to be compatible and miscible with the wet mixture.   An outwardly extending protrusion extends from the top surface of the block, a cavity is formed in the bottom or bottom surface of the block, and in use, the cavity extends outward of another block to join and align the two building blocks A building block according to any preceding claim, adapted to receive a protrusion.   One or more of the preceding claims, wherein one or more slots divide the outwardly extending protrusion and another block can be placed and nested in any of the overlapping or completely matching placement positions. Building block.   The building block according to claim 9, wherein the protrusion is substantially round.   The building block according to claim 10, wherein the protrusion is symmetrical at right angles to the block.   Any of the preceding claims, wherein there are two passages extending between the top and bottom of the block, and these are divided so as to be integral therewith by a wall extending between the side walls of the block. The building block described.   The building block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity is a skirt extending around the lower periphery of the block and is limited to be integrated therewith.   As an integral part, the block has two opposite side walls and two opposite end walls that together define at least one inner passage extending completely through the top from the bottom of the block. The outer top perimeter of the wall is substantially in one plane, the portion of each wall behind the outer top perimeter is higher than the outer top perimeter, and the outer bottom perimeter of each wall is all in one plane. And the portion of each wall behind the outer bottom circumference is higher than the outer circumference, and the latter portion is placed on the first block so that the outermost side faces are aligned, A building block of wet cast cement having a position and shape such that the lower perimeter provides a receiving shape that substantially matches the outer top perimeter of the first block.   As an integral part, having two opposite side walls and two opposite end walls that together define at least one inner passage extending completely through the top from the bottom of the block; The outer top perimeters of the walls are all in one plane, the portion of each wall behind the top outer perimeter is higher than the outer perimeter, and the outer bottom perimeters of each wall are both in one plane. And each wall portion behind the outer bottom perimeter is higher than the outer perimeter, and the latter portion is placed on the first block so that the outermost side is aligned with the outermost perimeter of the same block. A building block of wet cast cement having a position and shape such that the lower perimeter provides a receiving shape that substantially matches the outer top perimeter of the first block.   Limited to the outer surfaces of the two opposing locations, the outer ends of the two opposing locations, the top and bottom, a hollow passage extending completely through the bottom from the top of the block, and the top of the block A plurality of protrusions each extending above the surface, each protrusion being positioned such that the inner side surface extends adjacently or joined along a portion of the perimeter of the top of the hollow passage, and at the bottom of the block One or more receiving cavities extending to the planar surface, each cavity having a corresponding shape and position to receive one or more protrusions extending into the bottom surface, and each protrusion and the cavity or cavities are mutually A building block with a substantially rectangular outline in a corresponding position.   A first block characterized in any of the preceding claims relating to a block, wherein the first block is positioned on a second substantially identical block, the first block corresponding to a lower surface of the second block. A construction characterized by having an upward projection that engages the cavity.   18. The structure of claim 17, wherein each block is held together by a building adhesive.   An assembly of at least two blocks, each characterized as in any of the preceding claims relating to a block, wherein the size and shape of the first one of the block is the size and shape of the second one of the block; Substantially the same, the first of the blocks is located on top and aligned to define a common surface at each front and rear surface, and the first block having the bottom surface is positioned directly aligned. An assembly that adheres by a thin adhesive interface extending between at least substantially two joining surfaces of each block.   A building block according to the description, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.   A construct according to the description, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.   An assembly of building blocks as described in the specification with reference to the accompanying drawings, which is illustrated.

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