KR20070114385A - Wave activied power device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

Wave activated power generating device and method capable of enhancing energy efficiency furthermore. An eddy current of sea water is generated in a specific direction within a retarding chamber (10) formed between a hanging wall (2) and an impermeable wall (3) having a draft deeper than the hanging wall which are standing at an interval from the sea side to the land side, with an opening (7) being provided at the lower end of the hanging wall (2). A rotary shaft (13) secured with arcuate blades (12) is rotated depending on that eddy current and electric energy based on the rotation of the rotary shaft is taken out, thus generating power.

Description

WAVE ACTIVIED POWER DEVICE AND METHOD

The present invention relates to a wave power generating apparatus and method for extracting and generating electrical energy from wave power.

The wave power generation uses the wave energy of the ocean as the power to rotate the turbine and to operate the generator, which is converted into electrical energy and used. In order to use this wave energy, it converts into mechanical energy, such as air energy and mechanical energy. And this converted mechanical energy is taken out again as electrical energy using a turbine, a generator, etc.

That is, the wave power generation is largely divided into two types: a method of converting wave power into air energy and rotating the turbine based on it, and a method of converting wave power into mechanical energy and rotating the turbine based on it.

As a method of converting wave power into air energy, a wave power generation device 106 as shown in Fig. 14 has been conventionally proposed. The wave power generator 106 constructs a breakwater 102 in a mound 101 having a wide area installed on a seabed such as a harbor, assembles a caisson in the breakwater 102 in an up-down direction, and opens the water into the open water. And forming an air chamber 103 fixed to the breakwater 102, an air damper chamber 104 and a power generation chamber 105 arranged above the air chamber 103. have.

The wave power generator 106 includes an air vent 107 in which the air chamber 103 and the air damper chamber 104 communicate with each other, an input port 108 in which the air damper chamber 104 and the power generation chamber 105 communicate with each other. Intake and exhaust mechanisms 109 communicating the power generation chamber 105 with the outside are formed in the partition walls of the chambers.

In addition, the vent hole 107 is provided with a screen for removing dust 110, the input port 108 is attached to the input tube 111 toward the inside of the air damper chamber 104, the float valve 112 at the front end There is no array installed. The turbine 113 and the generator 114 are arranged in the input port 108 of the power generation chamber 105. The wave power generator 106 having such a configuration raises and lowers the water surface of the air chamber 103 and oscillates the air therein to operate the turbine 113 and the generator 114 to obtain electrical energy.

In addition, recently, a wave power generation device capable of preventing the intrusion of seawater into the power generation chamber 105 by using a property of the fluid without using a special complicated mechanism and raising the height of a building such as an air chamber has also been proposed. (See Patent Document 1, for example.)

In the wave power generator 130 disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, between the air chamber 133 and the power generation chamber 135 in which the turbine 143 and the generator 144 are accommodated. The seawater reduction chamber 152 is provided, the air chamber 133 and the seawater reduction chamber 152 communicate with the vent pipe 153, and the seawater reduction chamber 152 and the turbine 143 of the power generation chamber 135 are input. The tube 154 is in communication.

In the wave power generator 130, the wave pressure in the air chamber 133 raises and lowers the air above, and operates the turbine 143 connected through the vent pipe 153 and the seawater reduction chamber 152 to generate electricity. When energy rises, when the sea level rises when an abnormal digging is applied, the air escaping upward from the air chamber 133 is compressed sufficiently by the vent pipe 153 and is expanded in the seawater reduction chamber 152. . As a result, in the seawater reduction chamber 152, since the rising speed of the sea surface is slowed, it is possible to prevent the influence due to abnormal rise of seawater without installing a special mechanism.

In addition, as a method of converting the wave force into mechanical energy, a so-called pendulum generator, which applies a force to the generator through the pendulum from the wave force, has also been proposed. In this pendulum method, wave energy is captured by the pendulum motion of the hydraulic plate and converted into hydraulic pressure.

Normally, when a wave traveling from the offshore side hits a wall, a retreating wave occurs, and waves on both sides are mixed with each other to create a wave called a standing wave in front of the wall. The standing wave is composed of a "fold" of the oscillation of the water particles, and a "node" in horizontal motion, and when the animal is placed on the node, the energy can be absorbed. Pendulum is the application of pendulum as this pseudo-animal.

In addition, particularly for a turbine for wave power generation, research has recently been made, and a valve turbine with a wave guide plate air ejection outlet capable of introducing the energy brought by the waves as much as possible, for example, has been proposed. In the turbine disclosed in Patent Literature 2, a gap, which is also an air inlet and a suction port, is formed in the upper and lower parts of the turbine exterior part, surrounded by an air outlet serving as a guide plate, and a runner is placed therein.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-246171

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-87838

However, in the conventional wave power generation apparatus described above, it is necessary to convert the energy of the wave once into mechanical energy such as air energy or mechanical energy, so that a small amount of energy is compared with the configuration in which the turbine directly rotates with the energy of the wave. You can only acquire. That is, it is difficult to improve the energy efficiency compared with the case of directly converting the energy of the wave into electrical energy. Thus, the initial cost is much more expensive, which is a great barrier to the realization of wave power itself.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a wave power generation apparatus and method capable of further improving energy efficiency.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the wave power generator device to which the present invention is applied is substantially horizontal in the horizontal direction from the bottom of the first wall to the bottom of the second wall and the first wall and the second wall, which are each set up at intervals. It is enclosed by a horizontal plate arranged toward the center, and the oil and water chamber with an opening formed in the lower part of the first wall, and the rotating shaft fixedly mounted in accordance with the vortices of water generated in the oil and water chamber are rotated, A power generation means for extracting and generating electrical energy is provided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the wave power generation device to which the present invention is applied includes a first wall and a bottom wall, each of which is set up at a distance from each other and a bottom wall is fixed to the sea bottom, and a bottom wall of the first wall is connected to the second wall. It is surrounded by a horizontal plate arranged in a substantially horizontal direction over the rotation, while rotating the oil and water chamber formed with an opening in the lower portion of the first wall, and the rotating shaft fixedly mounted in accordance with the vortex of water generated in the oil and water chamber, A power generation means for extracting and generating electrical energy based on the rotation of the rotary shaft is provided.

In addition, the wave power generation method to which the present invention is applied includes a first wall and a second wall which are installed at a distance from each other, and a horizontal plate arranged in a substantially horizontal direction from the lower end of the first wall to the lower end of the second wall. In addition, the vortex of the water is generated in the oil and gas chamber having an opening formed in the lower part of the first wall, the rotary shaft fixedly mounted with the vane is rotated corresponding to the vortex, and the electrical energy based on the rotation of the rotary shaft is generated. Take it out and develop it.

(Effects of the Invention)

The aberration consisting of the rotating shaft fixedly mounted with the circular arc blade rotates in the counterclockwise direction on the basis of the normal vortex. As a result, the wave energy can be directly converted into electrical energy, and energy efficiency can be further improved as compared with the case of converting once into mechanical energy such as air energy or mechanical energy. Therefore, it becomes possible to hold down an initial cost, and to greatly increase the implementability of wave power generation itself.

1 is a view showing a wave power generation apparatus to which the present invention is applied.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the power generation unit.

3 is a diagram for explaining a normal vortex generated in the oil and gas chamber.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a chamfer is formed at a corner in the oil and gas chamber.

5 is a diagram illustrating an experimental system of a wave power generator according to the present invention.

6 is a diagram showing data of the number of revolutions of aberration per wave period.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing data on the horizontal axis of the wavelength / flow path width ratio (L / B) with respect to the rotational speed of aberration per wave period.

8 is a diagram showing a relationship between transmission and reflectance.

9 is a diagram showing data of an average rotation angle velocity of an arc blade.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a temporal change in the rotational speed of the arc blade when the wave period T is 1.4 s. FIG.

Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the results of reflectance and transmittance when aberrations are provided in the oil and gas chamber as a change in the wavelength / oil and water chamber width ratio (L / B).

12 is a view showing the change according to the L / B of the crest in the running water chamber.

It is a figure which shows the other example of the wave power generation apparatus which applied this invention.

14 is a view showing a conventional wave power generator.

15 is another example of a conventional wave power generator.

<Description of the code>

1: wave power generator 2: vertical falling wall

3: impermeable wall 4: water purification surface

5: Sea bottom part 6: Sea water permeation part

7: opening 8: molar horizontal plate

9: chamfer 10: running water room

11: power generation unit 12: arc wing

13: rotating shaft 14: generator

15 bearing 16 disc

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the wave power generation apparatus and method which take out electric energy from a wave power and generate | occur | produce it as a best form for implementing this invention are demonstrated in detail, referring drawings.

1 shows a wave power generator 1 to which the present invention is applied. The wave power generator 1 has a lower permeation type and a double draft double curtain structure, and the draft of the vertical descending wall 2 on the sea side is adjusted to be shallower than the impermeable wall 3 on the six side. . That is, it is provided so that the draft lower end part 2a located at the lower end of the vertically descending wall 2 may be closer to the purified surface 4 than the draft lower end part 3a located at the lower end of the impermeable wall 3. In addition, these vertical falling walls (2) and the impermeable wall (3) is arranged parallel to each other at intervals, and the running water chamber 10 is formed between the two walls (2, 3). In addition, it is assumed that the purified water surface 4 in this flowing water chamber 10 is opened to the exterior.

In the wave power generator 1 composed of such a double-draft double curtain wall, a lower passage opening 6a is formed between the lower end of the draft 3a and the bottom 5 of the impermeable wall 3. .

In addition, a water condensation flat plate 8 is arranged in a horizontal direction at a height substantially coincident with the upper end of the lower water passage opening 6a and from the lower end of the water passage 2a to the lower end of the water passage 3a. The molar flat plate 8 enables the control of the vortex water generated from the lower end of the vertical falling wall 2 due to the permeation wave reduction and the action of the wave, and the generation of the one-way flow toward the offshore according to the control effect. Moreover, the opening part 7 is formed from the lower end of the vertical fall wall 2 to the molar flat plate 8. Seawater flows in and out of the oil and water chamber 10 through the opening 7.

In addition, the wave power generator 1 is provided with a power generation section 11 for generating power using vortices of seawater generated in a specific direction in the oil and water chamber 10 as power.

The power generation unit 11 drives the rotary shaft 13 to serve as a so-called aberration to which the arc blade 12 is fixedly mounted, and rotates the rotary shaft 13 based on the vortex of seawater to generate and generate electric energy. A generator not shown is provided. In addition, this circular-arc wing 12 may be comprised by the blade which consists of what kind of shape.

FIG. 2 (a) is a view of the power generation unit 11 seen in the direction A in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the power generation unit 11. Circular arc blade 12 is made of a material such as vinyl chloride, for example, is fixedly mounted at intervals of about 180 ° around the rotation axis (13). In addition, this circular arc blade 12 is not limited to the said structure, and may be comprised by what kind of shape in what kind of shape and in what angle interval. In addition, this rotating shaft 13 is supported by the bearing 15. As the bearing 15, for example, a ball bearing bearing using a sphere as a rotating body is applied, and the friction accompanying the rotation of the rotating shaft 13 can be effectively reduced. As a result, the rotary shaft 13 can be driven smoothly by the rotational force, and the position thereof is strongly maintained.

The disc 16 is arrange | positioned at the both ends of the rotating shaft 13, respectively. By arranging the disks 16, seawater can be introduced effectively to propel the circular arc blades 12, and furthermore, it becomes possible to increase the rotational driving force of the rotation shaft 13. In addition, the structure of this original board 16 can also be abbreviate | omitted. This rotating shaft 13 may be adjusted so that it may become substantially the same height as the lower end of the vertical falling wall 2 in an up-down direction.

The generator 14 is a so-called prime mover which receives the pressure based on the vortex of the seawater and converts the wave energy into the energy of the rotary motion based on the rotary shaft 13, and extracts the kinetic energy therefrom.

In addition, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the case in which two circular aberrations 12 are provided with the rotary shaft 13 is described as an example. However, the configuration is not limited to this configuration, and the number is one or more. You may be.

In the wave power generator 1 having such a configuration, the water-permeating portion 6 between the molar flat plate 8 and the sea bottom maintains the water flow-through function of the flow of algae, blue waves, and the like in the oil and water chamber 10. A vortex is generated from the lower end portion 3a of the draft by using the wave motion of the piston mode in Equation, and the energy of the wave motion is finally converted into the energy of the one-way flow efficiently.

At this time, the molten flat plate 8 accumulates counter-clockwise vortices in the water flow chamber 10 in the water flow chamber 10 as shown in FIG. 3, and the vortices flow to the fluid flowing in the seawater permeation part 6. It becomes possible to suppress the interference. In other words, the molar flat plate 8 forms a lower passageway extending in the front-rear direction in the seawater permeation part 6, and in particular, serves to form the ceiling surface of the seawater permeation part 6.

The fluid flowing through the seawater permeation section 6 by the seawater permeation section 6 formed by such a molar flat plate 8 is forcibly rectified by the water flow in a predetermined direction as shown in FIG. It is strongly influenced by the clockwise vortex formed on the sea side, so if averaged over one period of the wave, it is transported to the sea side. That is, the molar flat plate 8 forming the seawater permeation part 6 plays a role of causing an average flow of seawater from the land side toward the seaside, thereby facilitating the exchange of seawater in and out of the harbor.

In addition, by installing the seawater permeation part 6, the counterclockwise vortex generated from the lower end of the vertical falling wall 2 is accumulated in the oil and water chamber 10 according to the wave motion. This vortex normally occurs in a particular direction of rotation, regardless of the time phase. The strength of this steady vortex is also related to the magnitude of the mean transport flow in the offshore direction through the seawater permeation 6.

Therefore, the aberration made of the rotary shaft 13 fixedly mounted with the circular arc blade 12 rotates in the counterclockwise direction based on this normal vortex. As a result, the wave energy can be directly converted into electrical energy, and energy efficiency can be further improved as compared with the case of converting once into mechanical energy such as air energy or mechanical energy. Therefore, it becomes possible to hold down an initial cost, and to greatly increase the implementability of wave power generation itself.

In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the chamfer part 9 in which the chamfer was formed in the at least one corner part of the oil and water chamber 10 may be formed. As a result, the above-described steady vortex can be more efficiently generated, and the energy efficiency can be further improved.

Hereinafter, the result of having examined the possibility of the use of electric power generation by introducing the rotational kinetic energy of the vortex in the oil-water chamber 10 by the circular arc blade 12 is demonstrated.

The model used for this examination experiment is the same cross section as the wave power generator 1 as shown in FIG. 1, and one dike body length is 50 cm. In the experiment, two models 21 of the wave power generator 1 were manufactured to occupy the entire channel width of 1m. In addition, the scale of the produced model 21 is 1/20.

Next, the model 21 of the produced wave power generator 1 is installed in a wave tank. As shown in Fig. 5, the wave tank 20 is a long channel having a length of 100 m, a width of 2 m, and a height of 2 m. The waveguide tank 20 is roughly divided into two in the width direction by the partition wall 28 made of concrete, and fixes two models 21 of the wave power generator 1 in one test channel 20a having a width of 1m. It was. A permeable couch hole 22 is provided at the end of the other channel 20b of the wave tank 20. Thereby, when an average flow generate | occur | produces in the test channel 20a, it becomes easy to prevent a flow back to generate | occur | produce a water level difference.

In the test channel 20a, a slope 25 of 1/30 is formed, and a horizontal bottom 26 is provided so as to be smoothly connected to the top portion 25a. The model 21 was fixed on this horizontal bottom 26 with the bolt and nut which are not shown in figure. In addition, the installation position of the rotating shaft 13 of this model 21 selects the position which is considered to have the largest rotation speed with respect to a specific wave condition after several trials and errors.

In the experiment, the wave height of the incident wave was measured using a capacitive wave height meter not shown near the start end of the 1/30 slope in the test channel. Regarding the reflected waves from the model 21, two capacitive crest meters were installed on the sea side of the model 21, and the crest height was measured by reading the surface variation record. In addition, the reflectance was calculated by the separation estimation method of the reflected wave from the surface fluctuation records of these two wave height systems.

In addition, the permeation crest and the crest height in the oil chamber 10 can be measured by installing one capacitive crest meter in each of the six sides of the model 21 and the oil chamber 10 of the model 21.

In addition, in order to be able to measure the horizontal flow velocity of the seawater permeation part 6, an electromagnetic flowmeter was installed around the lower passage opening 6a.

In addition, the wave conditions used conditions as shown in the following table.

Figure 6 shows the number of revolutions (N) per wave cycle of the circular arc 12 as a change in the wave period (T). From this FIG. 6, the rotation speed N per wave cycle of the circular arc blade 12 becomes large when a wave period is long and a working wave height H is large, and it seems to be about 2.5 revolutions.

The reason why the rotation speed N increases when the action crest H is large is considered to be that the amount of vortex from the lower end of the vertical falling wall 2 increases excessively. The reason why the rotation speed increases when the period of the action wave becomes longer is considered to be that the amplification degree of the piston mode wave motion in the oil and gas chamber 10 increases on the long cycle side. FIG. 7 shows the relation between the rotational speed of the circular arc blade 12 and the ratio (= L / B) of the wavelength L and the oil chamber width B, but reflectance (Cr) and transmittance ( It can be inferred to some extent from the comparison with FIG. 8 which shows the relationship of Ct).

9 shows the average rotational angular velocity of the arc 12. The average rotational angular velocity tends to be high when the action crest is large under any cyclic conditions. In addition, the rotational angular velocity was not observed much according to the wave cycle, and when the wave height (H) was about 10 cm, it was about 8 to 9 radian / s. In this experiment, only two types of 5cm and 10cm were used as the action crest, but the rotational angular velocity is estimated to increase further under the higher crest condition.

FIG. 10 shows a temporal change in the rotational speed of the circular arc blade 12 when the wave period T is 1.4 s as a representative example. 10 shows that the rotational angular velocity has a temporal fluctuation component but the normal velocity component is of an excellent magnitude, suggesting that it can be used as a power source for wave power generation.

FIG. 11 shows the results of reflectance Cr and transmittance Ct when aberration is provided in the oil and water chamber as a change in the wavelength / oil and water chamber width ratio L / B. In FIG. 11, the calculation result by attenuation wave theory is also shown. However, the estimation results assume that there is no influence of aberration.

From this comparison between FIG. 11 and FIG. 8 where no aberration is present, it can be seen that the effect of installing aberration is that the L / B condition in which the minimum value of the reflectance appears is shifted to the long period side where it is large. However, regarding the transmittance, the influence of the installation of the aberration was hardly observed.

12 shows the change according to the L / B of the crest in the oil and gas chamber 10. In FIG. 12, the wave height Hc in the oil and water chamber 10 is shown by the wave height amplification diagram divided by the incident wave height H. In FIG.

From this figure, it can be confirmed that the decrease in reflectance is around L / B = 12, where the wave height and amplification degree are relatively large, and the increase in the number of revolutions of the aberration to 2.5 revolutions / cycle is also after this condition. It is thought that the cause of the scattering of the reflected waves and the rotational speed of the aberration in this way is due to the amplification of the wave motion of the piston mode in the oil chamber.

As mentioned above, the effect of the method of using the kinetic energy of the vortex formed in the oil-and-water room 10 for the purpose of acquiring wave energy was examined experimentally.

As a result, it has been found that the aberration provided in the oil chamber 10 rotates in one direction at a rate of about 1.5 to 2.5 revolutions per one cycle of the wave by the one-way rotational vortex generated in the oil chamber 10. It was also confirmed that the rotational speed tended to increase as the incident wave height and wave period increased.

In the case where the wave power generator 1 is used as a breakwater, the effect of installing the aberration in the oil and gas chamber 10 is hardly observed with respect to the reduction of the transmitted waves and the reflected waves which are functions of the breakwater. Could know. However, it was confirmed that the wave period at which the reflectance was minimized shifted to the long period side somewhat by installing aberrations.

In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the vertical descending wall 2 and the impermeable wall are disposed from the sea side to the land side has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and there exists a flow of water such as an ocean, a river, a lake, and the like. It may be arranged so as to face in any direction.

In addition, the wave power generator 1 to which the present invention is applied may be configured such that, for example, the six-side impermeable wall 3 is in contact with the shore 31 as shown in FIG. 13. In the configuration of FIG. 13, the same elements and members as those in FIG. 1 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. As a result of fixing the lower end of the impermeable wall 3 to the sea bottom 5 in the configuration of FIG. 13, the impermeable wall 3 also extends to a portion corresponding to the lower passage opening 6a. In addition, in the seawater permeation section 6, seawater is not passed through.

In this case as well, the seawater flows into the running water chamber 10 from the opening 7. As a result, it becomes possible to generate a normal vortex in the oil and water chamber 10, and it becomes possible to rotate the aberration made of the rotating shaft 13 to which the circular arc blade 12 is fixedly mounted in the counterclockwise direction, and to generate power. .

As shown in FIG. 13, the present invention also includes a case where the six-sided impermeable wall 3 is not in contact with the shore 31 and arranged in the sea.

Moreover, the wave power generating apparatus 1 to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the case where the vertical descending wall 2 provided on the sea side and the impermeable wall 3 provided on the land side are provided, and each of them is erected with a space therebetween. It may be replaced by the installed first and second walls. The first wall and the second wall are not limited to the case where they are provided on the sea side and the land side, respectively, and may be arranged at any place in the water. In addition, the molar number plate 8 may be replaced with any horizontal plate.

The aberration consisting of the rotating shaft fixedly mounted with the circular arc blade rotates in the counterclockwise direction on the basis of the normal vortex. As a result, the wave energy can be directly converted into electrical energy, and energy efficiency can be further improved as compared with the case of converting once into mechanical energy such as air energy or mechanical energy. Therefore, it becomes possible to hold down an initial cost, and to greatly increase the implementability of wave power generation itself.

Claims (5)

The first wall is surrounded by a first wall and a second wall that are installed at a distance from each other, and a horizontal plate arranged in a substantially horizontal direction from the bottom of the first wall to the bottom of the second wall. An oil and water chamber formed with an opening in the lower part of the And a power generation means for rotating the rotary shaft fixedly mounted to the vortex of the water generated in the oil and water chamber, and extracting and generating electrical energy based on the rotation of the rotary shaft. The wave power generator according to claim 1, wherein the oil / water chamber has the opening formed in a direction in which the wave enters. The wave power generating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first wall and the second wall are each set up at intervals from the sea side to the land side. It is surrounded by a second wall fixed to the sea floor, and the first wall and the bottom, each installed at a distance from each other, and a horizontal plate arranged in a substantially horizontal direction from the bottom of the first wall to the second wall. A running flow chamber having an opening formed at a lower portion of the first wall; And a power generation means for rotating the rotary shaft fixedly mounted to the vortex of the water generated in the oil and water chamber, and extracting and generating electrical energy based on the rotation of the rotary shaft. The first wall is surrounded by a first wall and a second wall that are installed at a distance from each other, and a horizontal plate arranged in a substantially horizontal direction from the bottom of the first wall to the bottom of the second wall. Vortex of water is generated in the oil and gas chamber formed at the lower part of the A rotating power generation method comprising rotating a rotating shaft fixedly mounted with a blade corresponding to the vortex, and extracting and generating electrical energy based on the rotation of the rotating shaft.

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