KR20070005503A - Method and device for promoting eclosion and mating of insects - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and a device for accelerating eclosion and mating of insects are provided to promote normal eclosion of insects and to improve mating rate in crop agricultural farmland, and to enhance prevention of breeding and extermination by adopting a shallow tray for effective eclosion of chrysalis and tight-stretched strap, cloth or plate as a mating space. The device comprises: a container in form of a shallow tray(14) for effective eclosion of chrysalis, which has rough side walls(15) for insects to creep up; several straps, cloths(13) or plates tightly stretched in horizontal direction below a ceiling for the insect to grip or hang on; and an opening(12) formed on lateral side of the device to fly insects out of the device. The insects include any one selected from a group consisting of Aphidoletes, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Diglyphus isaea, Dacnusa sibirica and Aphidius colemani.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROMOTING ECLOSION AND MATING OF INSECTS}

1 is a schematic diagram of the fable and mating facilitation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in temperature in a place under direct sunlight, in a shade, and in a fable and mating facilitation device in a tomato growing facility.

The numbers in the figures represent the following materials:

11 fable and mating facilitation device

12 Opening doors for insects

13 Suspension straps or cloth

14 pupa tray

15 inner wall

16 exterior walls

The present invention relates to methods and devices for promoting fables and mating of winged insects.

Typically, the control of pests infesting crops has been carried out using chemical insect repellents. Recently, in order to reduce the use of chemical insect repellents, physical means such as insect nets, color fluorescent lamps and UV-blocking films and the like have been used to prevent pests from intrusive and to prevent damage (JP- A-2003-299434 and JP-A-8-47361). There has also been proposed a method of killing Plautia crossota stali by culturing fruit such as persimmon, pear, apple, etc. by pheromone attracting insects to the branches treated with insecticide acetamiprid. (JP-A-2004-143111). Also, in recent years, pest control methods using living organisms have become widely common, and the use of natural insects as insect repellents is increasing.

Most pests inhabit cropland and then colonize on or around the crop. In order to control these pests, in addition to using the above mentioned chemical insect repellents or physical means, methods of releasing nemesis insects to eat pests or natural predators can spawn and use the pests as a nutrient source to control their numbers. Increasing methods are widely used. Combinations of pests to be controlled and natural enemies against them include the following: Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) vs. Encarsia formosa Gahan ; Bemisia argentifolii (Silver Leaf Powder ) vs. Bemisia argentifolii Sierre Sierre Miku's agent, Moses, Ruth (Eretmocerus eremicus); Aphids vs. Aphidius colemani , Aphidoletes aphidimyza and Harmonia axyridis (PALLAS); And Agromyzinae ( Aguadian ) vs. Diglyphus isaea , Dacnusa sibirica and Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood). These natural insects are used to control pests by releasing them into crop growing facilities as adults or larvae.

The effect of releasing natural insects can be greatly affected by the environment in some insects. For example, Enka Le Asia Formosa added (Encarsia formosa Gahan) and Sierre agent, Moses, Ruth Sierre Miku's (Eretmocerus eremicus) is a fable rate this is used as a chrysalis (called mummy) attached to a small card, direct sunlight Pupa Because of the reduction, the card should be attached to the back of the leaf so that it is in the shade to prevent the reduction of the allegory rate.

Also, in Aphidius colemani , adult insects are released to crop cultivation facilities to effectively control pests and aphids. On the other hand, when using Aphidoletes aphidimyza , the increase in pests is suppressed as follows: place the pupa in a shallow tray located in the facility; After allegory and mating, adults spawn near a population of pest aphids; Hatched larvae eat aphids.

However, the chrysalis of Aphidoletes aphidimyza prefers darker places, fables in the evening, and flies to places higher than the ground for mating after fables. For this reason, simply placing the chrysalis of Aphidoletes aphidimyza in a crop cultivation facility in a shallow tray, such as a dish, has the problem of low allegory rate and low mating rate as in the conventional method.

In addition, in the case of Aphidoletes aphidimyza , the fable ratio is low because the temperature in the crop cultivation facility is high and some places are in direct sunlight. Crop cultivation plants, on the other hand, are designed to reach sunlight because they need sunlight to promote crop growth. Therefore, often the best place to release a natural insect in order to obtain the most effective pest control in a facility is not necessarily a suitable environment for natural insects such as Aphidoletes aphidimyza and the like. In addition, Aphidoletes aphidimyza and the like can fly, so if you do not mate in the facility often flies away from the facility, it does not perform a pest control function.

In the control of pest aphids using Aphidoletes aphidimyza and the like as natural enemies, it is important to solve the problem by improving the allegory rate and the mating and spawning rate.

Therefore, in pest control using natural insects, it is desirable to effectively promote the allegory and growth of the natural insects to be used. In particular, new creative designs that have not been known to date are sought for artificially manufactured devices to maintain the high allegorical rate of natural or common insects, to prevent insects from flying away after fable, and to facilitate mating.

The present invention has been carried out to solve the above-described problems, the object of which is to improve the rate of allegory of insects, especially natural enemies used for pest control; To prevent adult fly off after fable; And promoting mating between male and female insects. It is also an object to effectively suppress the growth of pests in a crop cultivation facility by increasing the mating rate of natural enemies. Another object of the present invention is to prepare a device having the function of promoting both stable fable and effective mating after fable, installing the device in the most effective place in the facility, and effectively using natural insects for pest control. To control pest damage to crops.

In order to achieve the object described above, the fable and mating facilitation device of the present invention, the container for the effective fable of the pupa of insects; Strings, cloths or plates taut horizontally under the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after fable; And an opening inlet on the side of the device through which the insect flies out.

The fable and mating facilitating device of the present invention can be used for any insect used in pest control. For example, pupa or adult of winged insects, preferably Aphidoletes , Encarsia formosa Gahan , Diglyphus isaea , Daknusa fertilizer It can be used for natural enemies selected from the group consisting of Dacnusa sibirica , Aphidius colemani and the like. More preferably, it can be used to promote the mating and mating of natural insects, Aphidoletes , used for controlling pest aphids.

The fable and mating facilitation device of the present invention may have a predetermined size or shape as a container for the fable and mating of the chrysalis, the inside of which is kept darker, and shallow on the inner bottom of the device for laying the chrysalis of the insect A tray, and a string, cloth or plate tangled horizontally below the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after allegory. The device may be large enough in width and height for mating of the fable and post-pupae pupa. Male and female adults of insects can hang or catch on strings, cloths or plates stretched horizontally beneath the ceiling, and male mates do not have to find female insects in large crop planting facilities. Can be guaranteed.

For example, the fable and mating facilitation device may be a box or a container such as a box or columnar whose area is at least 10 cm long, at least 10 cm wide and at least 15 cm high, and whose interior is kept darker, and which releases pupa of insects. For example, a shallow tray on the inner bottom of the device, and several strings of 0.1 to 2 mm in diameter stretched horizontally below the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after allegory.

More specifically, the allegory and mating facilitation device may be a box or columnar container having an area of at least 40 cm in length, at least 40 cm in width and at least 40 cm in height and having a darker interior therein, for placing the pupa of the insect , A shallow tray on the inner bottom of the device, and three or more strings of 0.1 to 2 mm in diameter tangled horizontally below the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after allegory.

The above-mentioned fable and mating facilitating device may be formed in whole or in part of a translucent hard material, made of a rough inner wall surface so that insects can easily climb, and on the surface surrounding the device to prevent temperature rise. Reflective material is installed on or on top of it, and insects can fly through it at a lower position than strings, cloths or plates laid horizontally below the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after allegory. Has an opening entrance. Reflective materials installed on or on the surface surrounding the device not only prevent temperature rise, but also darken the interior of the device to create an environment suitable for allegory.

The string, cloth or plate material stretched horizontally below the ceiling in the allegory and mating facilitation device for insects of the present invention is not particularly limited so long as the adult can be suspended or caught after the fable. For example, in the case of strings, fiber materials, preferably selected from cotton strings, linen strings and vinyl strings, can be used. In the case of fabrics, a fiber material, preferably a fiber material selected from cotton, linen, vinyl or the like or a nonwoven can be used. Also, in the case of plates, plates covered with a material which can have a rough surface, preferably nonwoven, can be used. By selecting the appropriate thickness and number of strings and the size of the cloth or plate on which the adult insects hang or catch, it may be possible to reduce the rate at which adults fly away and improve the mating rate.

The present invention provides a method for promoting fable and mating of insects using the above-mentioned fable and mating facilitation device. That is, by using the above-mentioned fable and mating facilitating apparatus, it is possible to effectively promote the fable and mating of the target natural insect. The above described allegory and mating facilitating device, in which a shallow tray containing pupa is located at the bottom of the interior, can be placed in the most effective pest control position in the crop cultivation facility. For example, the device may be placed in a location where a large number of insects are to be controlled or where a pest is known to occur annually. Even when such a place is in direct sunlight, by using the above-described fable and mating facilitating device, an increase in the temperature inside the device can be avoided, so that a reduction in the fable ratio can be prevented. Eggs and pupa of natural insects are often eaten by other insects and animals, including spiders and ants, present in crop growing facilities. However, since the fable and mating facilitation device of the present invention is provided with an opening inlet, it is possible to prevent predation of eggs and pupa of natural insects.

The present invention provides a method of controlling pests of crops by disposing the above-described allegory and mating facilitating apparatus in a crop cultivation facility and growing a natural insect in order to promote allegory and mating of natural insects against pests of crops. to provide. By keeping the above-mentioned allegory and mating facilitating apparatuses in the agricultural crop cultivation facility, natural insects can be effectively grown, thereby effectively reducing the number of pests growing and growing the agricultural crop cultivation facility, and the frequency of application of chemical insect repellents. In addition to reducing the risk, it is possible to prevent major damage to crops by pests.

The allegorical and mating facilitation device for insects of the present invention can be used to protect crops, such as tomatoes, strawberries, eggplants, peppers, melons and cucumbers, grown in plants, for example, from pests. For example, aphids, a pest that is prevalent in such crops, can be controlled by using the fable and mating facilitating apparatus of the present invention to promote the fable and mating of the natural insect Aphidoletes . However, the fable and mating facilitating device of the present invention can be used not only inside a crop cultivation facility, but also in the field of crops grown outside. The pest control method of the present invention is not limited to the protection of crops and the control of target pests described above.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. According to the method and device for facilitating the allegory and mating of insects, the allegory of insect pupa becomes effective, so that it is possible to improve the yield of released natural insects. In addition, the mating ratio of male and female insects after allegory is improved because of strings, cloths, or plates stretched horizontally below the ceiling in the device, so that the natural insects can lay a large number of eggs to further improve the pest control effect. .

Furthermore, by placing the fable and mating facilitating device of the present invention in the crop cultivation facility to promote the fable and mating of natural insects against pests of the crop, and by growing the natural insects, violating the state of the crop cultivation facility. In addition to effectively reducing the number of growing and growing pests and reducing the frequency of application of chemical insecticides, it is possible to prevent extensive damage of crops by pests.

Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a shallow tray 14 for pupa is placed on the inner bottom of the allegory and mating promotion device 11. The inner wall 15 is roughened to allow the insect to easily hang and climb after the fable. In addition, near the ceiling, several strings, cloths, or plates are squeezed horizontally to promote the catching and hanging of insects. 1 shows an example of a hanging string or cloth 13. Underneath where the string, cloth or plate is tangled, the opening inlet 12 is arranged so that the insects fly through the crop cultivation field after mating.

The interior of the device is kept in darker conditions. In addition, the outside of the device may be covered with a reflective film to prevent temperature increase under sunlight. Stable fables and mating are realized as long as the area of the device is at least 40 cm long x 40 cm wide x 40 cm high.

If the pupa is left in the device of FIG. 1 for a few days, an adult emerges from the pupa, unfolds its wings, and climbs up the wall to a string. For this reason, it is desirable to form the walls so that they can be easily caught by the adult. Male and female adults hanging from the strings fall mating, then fly out of the device through the side opening.

The inner wall made of smooth plastic plates was compared against the normal allegory ratio of the pupa to the wall made of the rough surface polystyrene foam, and it was found that the device made of the rough surface polystyrene foam had a higher normal allegorical rate of pupa. . Therefore, it is desirable to form the inner wall so that insects can easily catch it. It has also been found that because the light passes through the polystyrene foam material, the fable has stabilized because the insect senses day length.

Furthermore, by closing the arranged opening and closing, it is possible to prevent invasion of spiders, ants, and the like, and to prevent insect predation. In particular, it is possible to effectively prevent insect predation by ants by raising the bottom of the device higher. However, in order to release the fables and mating insects in the device to the facility, it is necessary to open the opening entrance at least once a day.

In order to show the effect by the above-described embodiment, a test example is described below.

Example

Test Example 1

As shown in Table 1, 100 chrysalis of each insect were placed in the fable and mating facilitating apparatus, and the fable rate (%), normal adult rate (%) and mating rate (%) were examined (treatment area).

In addition, in the conventional method area as a control in which the pupa of each insect was placed in a shallow dish of 15 cm in diameter without using an allegory and mating facilitation device, the allegory rate (%), normal adult rate (%) and mating rate (%) Was investigated (conventional method area).

Allegory rate (%), normal adult rate (%) and mating rate (%) of insect pupa insect domain Fable Rate (%) Normal adult rate (%) Mating Rate (%) Aphidoletes aphidimyza Processing area 95 94 98 Common method area 94 55 Unknown Enka added Le Asia Formosa (Encarsia formosa Gahan) Processing area 90 94 98 Common method area 91 85 Unknown Aphidius colemani Processing area 88 96 98 Common method area 75 65 Unknown Dacnusa sibirica Processing area 90 97 98 Common method area 90 82 Unknown

The results show that the fable rate (%), normal adult rate (%) and mating rate (%) of Aphidoletes aphidimyza in the treatment area were 95%, 94% and 98%, respectively. In contrast, in the conventional method area of the control, the allegorical rate (%), normal adult rate (%) and mating rate (%) were 94%, 55% and unknown, respectively. Therefore, a large difference was observed between the use of the fable and the mating facilitation device of the present invention or not. Similar trends were also seen in Encarsia formosa Gahan , Aphidius colemani and Dacnusa sibirica .

Using the device of the present invention in this way increases the normal allegory rate, and at the same time Aphidoletes aphidimyza , Encarsia formosa Gahan , Apidius colemani ( It is possible to promote certain mating rates of natural enemies against aphids such as Aphidius colemani ) and Dacnusa sibirica .

Test Example 2

At the tomato planting facility in April, in order to control pest aphids, fables and mating facilitators with 50 chrysalis of the natural insect, Aphidoletes aphidimyza , were placed at four (4) per 10 zones ( Allegory and mating facilitation zone). On the other hand, the following control areas were set up: areas not using natural insects (untreated areas); And a region in which a shallow dish of 15 cm in diameter containing 50 chrysalis of Aphidoletes aphidimyza per dish, without using the fable and mating facilitator, is arranged in four (4) positions ( Conventional method area). Two weeks after release, the development of aphids per leaf of tomato plants in each area was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.

Effect of Fable and Mating Facilitation Device on Aphid Control Processing area Number of aphids Percentage of Infested Plants (%) Allegory and mating facilitation zone 0 / leaves 0 Common method area 8 18 Unprocessed area 314 87

The results indicate that in the area where the fable and mating facilitator was left, no occurrence of aphids was observed within two weeks. On the other hand, in the conventional method domain, the proportion of infested plants was 18% and the number of parasites per leaf was eight. Also in the untreated area, the number of parasite aphids and the proportion of infested plants was very high, 314% and 87%, respectively.

Therefore, it became clear that using the fable for mating insects and the mating facilitation device, a very high pest control effect was obtained.

Test Example 3

The effect of the type and thickness of the strings, cloths or plates stretched horizontally under the ceiling of the allegory and mating facilitation device on the mating rate was investigated. As laces, cloths or plates, cotton laces, linen laces, metal wires, vinyl laces, cloths and plastic plates were used. In addition, devices with no horizontal strings, cloths or plates (none) were tested.

Each material was placed or taut on top of the fable and mating facilitation device (under the ceiling). Next, 100 chrysalis of Aphidoletes aphidimyza were placed in a shallow tray located on the inner bottom of the device and the resulting adult was collected. The mating rates were calculated by releasing these adults individually on the leaves of aphid-infested common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ), leaving them for one week, and then observing the presence of larvae.

Effect of type and thickness of string, cloth or plate in fable and mating facilitation on mating ratio Kind of string Thickness (mm) Mating Rate (%) string Cotton thong 0.2 95 0.4 94 0.8 94 1.0 94 Linen laces 2.0 94 3.0 54 6.0 43 Metal wire 1.0 31 cloth 98 Plastic plate 24 none 20

This resulted in a thin string of 0.2 to 2.0 mm in diameter, which allows Aphidoletes aphidimyza to hang more easily than using a smooth surface plastic plate, resulting in a higher mating rate. Indicates.

Test Example 4

The effect of the height of the fable and mating facilitator on mating ratio was investigated. Devices with heights of 15, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 cm, 30 to 50 cm in length and 30 to 50 cm in width were compared for mating ratio. Collect adult females, and common bean: by observing the presence of then released in aphid colonies on leaves of (Pace come loose vulgaris Phaseolus vulgaris) were calculated to know the mating ratio.

Effect of the height of the fable and mating facilitator on mating ratio Height (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Mating Rate (%) 15 30 30 12 20 30 30 12 30 30 30 82 40 30 30 88 60 30 30 94 80 30 30 94 80 40 40 95 80 50 50 94

The results in Table 4 show that stable mating ratios can be obtained above 40 cm in height. It is also recognized that higher mating rates are obtained at heights above 60 cm. On the other hand, there is no difference in mating rate in devices with a width of 30 cm or more.

Test Example 5

Temperature and illuminance were measured in a tomato growing facility heated to high temperature from 1 pm to 3 pm on September 4, 2004, in a place under direct sunlight, in the shade, and in a fable and mating facilitator. The temperature is shown graphically in FIG. 2 and the illuminance is shown in Table 5.

Illuminance within fable and mating facilitation device Place Illuminance (LUX) In crop cultivation facility    Place in direct sunlight 88000    shade 50000    Within the fable and mating facilitator 150 Out 120000 Note: Numbers represent the average of ten measurements.

This result can create a shade condition in which the fable and mating facilitator prevents the temperature rise, promotes the fable of the insect and prevents the insect from immediately flying away after the fable. In addition, the fable and mating facilitator not only suppresses temperature rise and creates shade conditions, but also maintains the illuminance to the level at which insects can detect the sunset, allowing insects in the device to maintain photogenicity and hinder mating time. Do not receive.

Test Example 6

The pest control effect was investigated by putting a plurality of natural insects in the fable and mating facilitating device. The natural enemies tested were Aphidoletes aphidimyza , Aphidius colemani , Encarsia formosa Gahan , Dacnusa sibirica and Diglypus. Diglyphus isaea .

The area where each natural insect pupa was placed in a shallow tray inside the fable and mating facilitation device (fable device) was compared for various conventional methods (conventional methods) and pest control effects.

Control effects of various natural insects on tomato pests Types of natural enemies Processing method Target pest Control Effect (%) Aphidoletes aphidimyza Fable and mating facilitator plant louse 100 Conventional method (pupae placed on the plate) 85 Aphidius colemani Fable and mating facilitator plant louse 100 The usual way (a bottle placed under the shade of a tree) 98 Enka added Le Asia Formosa (Encarsia formosa Gahan) Fable and mating facilitator Greenhouse flour ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)) 85 The usual way (hanging mummy cards) 75 Dacnusa sibirica Fable and mating facilitator Liriomyza trifolii 100 The usual way (a bottle placed under the shade of a tree) 84 Diglyphus isaea Fable and mating facilitator Liriomyza sativae 88 The usual way (a bottle placed under the shade of a tree) 80

If natural insects are placed within the allegory and mating facilitation device, the natural insects undergo an allegory in a dark place and then fly through the opening to the facility, preventing the natural insects from escaping outside of the crop cultivation facility and placing them in the facility. It may be possible to be able to stay. Therefore, it is found that the pest control effect is stable and high by keeping natural insects in the facility.

In particular, the fact that high pest control effects were observed in the cases of Dacnusa sibirica and Diglyphus isaea , where flying outside of the facility was a problem, prevented the escape of natural insects out of the facility. Markedly reduced. In addition, not only for Aphidoletes aphidimyza , but also Aphidius colemani , Encarsia formosa Gahan , Dacnusa sibirica and digly The fact that high pest control effects have also been observed in Diglyphus isaea indicates that effective pest control can be achieved by effective release methods of natural insects using fable and mating facilitation devices.

According to the fable and mating facilitation method and apparatus of the present invention, since the eggs of the insect can be effectively allegorized, it becomes possible to improve the number of natural enemies released. In addition, a string, cloth, or plate, stretched horizontally under the ceiling inside the device, improves mating between male and female insects after allegory, thereby increasing the rate of spawning of natural insects, further improving the pest control effect. You can.

In addition, the fable and mating facilitating apparatus of the present invention can be disposed in the crop cultivation facility to effectively grow natural insects against crop pests, thereby effectively reducing the number of pests that violate the cultivation of the crop cultivation facility, and In addition to reducing the frequency of application of chemical insecticides, it is possible to prevent significant damage to crops by pests.

Claims (9)

Containers for effective allegory of the pupa of insects; Strings, cloths or plates taut horizontally under the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after fable; And an opening and closing inlet on the side of the device through which the insect flies. The method of claim 1, wherein the insect is preferably Aphidoletes , Encarsia formosa Gahan , Diglyphus isaea , Dacnusa sibirica ) And a fable and mating promoting device, which is a natural insect against pests selected from the group consisting of Aphidius colemani ). 2. The container of claim 1, further comprising: a container having a predetermined size or shape for allegory and mating of the chrysalis, the interior of which is kept darker; A shallow tray on the inner bottom of the container for placing the pupa of the insect; And an allegory and mating facilitation device comprising a string, cloth or plate tucked horizontally below the ceiling to facilitate mating between the male and female insects after the fable. 4. A container according to claim 3, wherein the area is at least 10 cm long, at least 10 cm wide and at least 15 cm high, the container such as a box or columnar, the interior of which is kept darker; A shallow tray on the inner bottom of the container for placing the pupa of the insect; And several strings of 0.1 to 2 mm in diameter tangled horizontally under the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after allegory. 5. The container of claim 4, wherein the area is at least 40 cm in length, at least 40 cm in width and at least 40 cm in height, the container such as a box or columnar, the interior of which is kept darker; A shallow tray on the inner bottom of the container for placing the pupa of the insect; And at least three strings of 0.1 to 2 mm in diameter tangled horizontally under the ceiling to facilitate mating between male and female insects after allegory. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a device comprising a rough inner wall surface formed entirely or partially of a translucent rigid material and allowing the insect to climb easily; Reflective material installed on or on a surface surrounding the device to prevent temperature rise; An allegory and mating facilitation device comprising an opening inlet below which a insect can fly through a string, cloth, or plate lowered horizontally below a ceiling to facilitate mating between a male and female insect after the fable. The string, cloth or plate material stretched horizontally below the ceiling in the allegory and mating facilitation device for insects according to claim 1, wherein, in the case of a string, a fiber material, preferably a cotton string, a linen string and a vinyl string. From; In the case of fabrics, from fibrous materials, preferably cotton, linen, vinyl or the like or nonwovens; And in the case of plates, allegorical and mating facilitating devices selected from plates with a rough surface, preferably plates covered with nonwovens. Method for promoting fable and mating of insects using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. A pest control of crops by placing the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in a crop cultivation facility and promoting the natural insects in order to facilitate the mating and mating of natural insects against the pests of the crops. Way.

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