KR20050057192A - Printer and method for manufacturing electronic circuits and displays - Google Patents

Abstract

A display stratum (224) is formed comprising light emitting pixels for displaying information fabricated by printing conductive polymer microcapsules (218). Electronic devices are fabricated by the inventive printing method provides electrically reactive microcapsules (218) at discrete locations. A battery stratum (212) fabricated by the inventive printing method provides electrical energy to the display components. A thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display can be formed by the inventive printing method on a flexible substrate (210). A user input stratum (222) receives user input and generates the user signals.

Description

Printer and method for manufacturing electronic circuits and displays

The present invention relates to a printer and a method for manufacturing electronic circuits and displays. In particular, the present invention relates to a printer in which microencapsulated material is available for forming various electronic circuit elements, and to a method of using field attracting microcapsules for manufacturing electronic circuits and displays.

Recently, there have been developments of thin and flexible displays using pixels of electroluminescent materials such as organic light emitting diodes (OLED). The displays do not require any backlighting since each pixel element emits its own light. In general, organic materials are deposited by spin-coating or vapor deposition. U.S. Patent No. 5,395,328 issued in May discloses an organic light emitting diode color display in which a multicolor device is formed by depositing and patterning layers of luminescent material. US Patent No. 5,965,979 to Friend et al. Discloses a method of manufacturing a light emitting device by stacking two self-supporting components with at least one light emitting layer. U. S. Patent No. 6,087, 196 to Strum et al. Discloses a manufacturing method for forming organic semiconductor devices using inkjet printing. US Pat. No. 6,416,885 to Towns et al. Discloses that a conductive polymer layer between the organic light emitting layer and the charge-charging layer prevents lateral diffusion of charge carriers to improve display properties. U.S. Patent No. 6,48,200 B1 to Yamazaki et al. Discloses a method of manufacturing an electro-optical device using an iron plate printing or screen printing method. U.S. Patent No. 6,402,579 B1 to Pichler et al. Discloses an organic light emitting diode device in which a multilayer structure is formed by DC magnetron sputtering. US Pat. No. 6,50,687 B1 to Jacobson et al. Discloses electronically accessible microencapsulated inks and displays.

The prior art indicates that organic light emitting pixels can be formed into a display using various fabrication techniques. For example, the '196 patent allows OLEDs to be manufactured using inkjet printers. The '687 patent allows various electronic devices to be formed from microencapsulated electron active materials.

Prior art teachings show that OLED pixels can be made thin, light, flexible, and bright using various methods, including inkjet printing techniques. However, the prior art does not represent a substantial precondition for manufacturing such displays with inherent user input mechanisms. In addition, the prior art does not recognize the need to format and transmit content, such as HTML pages, so that it can be displayed without requiring substantial on-board data processing. Data processing components, such as microprocessors and power consumption, are relatively expensive, difficult to manufacture and require complex electronic circuits. Thus, a thin, bright, wireless display with substantial on-board processing severely limits the efficiency of the display. Further, the prior art does not provide such a display manufactured to be able to receive two or more display information signals operable at the same time, for example, a television program on which a webpage is displayed and screened at the same time. Thus, a method of manufacturing a thin, light, flexible, bright, wireless display that has an effective user input mechanism and is configured to maximize the power density and efficient power consumption of an onboard battery and can be manufactured at least in part using printing methods. There is a need for.

1 is a schematic view of a printer according to the present invention.

2 (a) is a cross-sectional view of an alternative microcapsule supply means showing microcapsules dispersed in a containment means and a fluid prior to the formation of an electronic circuit forming a microcapsule layer.

2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the alternative microcapsule supply means shown in FIG. 2 (a) after formation of an electronic circuit forming a microcapsule layer.

Figure 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a locally variable attracting field plate with a dispersed flat microcapsule layer.

3 (b) is a schematic diagram of a three dimensional structure of an electron circuit forming microcapsule formed in a flat microcapsule layer on the operable surface of the locally variable attracting field plate and a radiation source emitting image carrying radiation.

Figure 3 (c) is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional electronic circuit developed and cured on the locally variable attracting field plate.

4 (a) is a schematic representation of electronic circuit component forming microcapsules.

4B is a schematic diagram of an electronic circuit component forming microcapsule comprising a liquid inner surface having a conductive polymer shell and a metal inner surface having a conductive polymer shell.

4C is a schematic diagram of black electronic circuit component forming microcapsules and developer microcapsules.

4 (d) is a schematic representation of heat soluble microcapsules.

FIG. 5A shows a local variable manned field plate showing pixels with fields with relatively weak adducts added, pixels with fields with relatively strong adjuncts applied, and pixels with uniform or unapplied fields. Perspective view of some.

FIG. 5 (b) is a front view of some of the locally variable manned field plates shown in FIG. 5 (a) showing pixels with field intensities to which other additives are applied.

5 (c) is a front view of a portion of a locally variable manned field plate illustrating the formation of a three dimensional structure of microcapsules approached to field intensities to which other adducts are applied.

6 (a) is a schematic diagram illustrating the formation of a three-dimensional structure of approached microcapsules.

6 (b) is a schematic representation of the formation of a three-dimensional structure of thermally expanded microcapsules.

FIG. 7 shows a thin, light, flexible, bright wireless display of the present invention schematically showing simultaneous display of three display signals received; FIG.

8 is a schematic diagram of a layer of a thin, light, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention.

9 (a) is a diagram of one embodiment of the thin, light, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention made using a microcapsule printer.

Figure 9 (b) shows a grid of conductive coils that are part of the thin, light, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention.

Fig. 9 (c) shows the magnet pen stroke formed on the magnet detection grid by the magnet pen of the present invention.

Fig. 9 (d) is an enlarged view of the conductive coil.

Fig. 9E is an assembly diagram of the conductive coil.

9 (f) is a cross-sectional view of two conductive coils.

9 (g) is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of a flexible rechargeable battery support sheet used in accordance with the present invention.

9 (h) is a cross-sectional view of a multi-cell support sheet formed from the rechargeable battery structure of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 (g).

10 (a) is a side view of an embodiment of a manned field member showing optical fiber optical directors for irradiating light to act on an optical magnetic coating applied on a transparent substrate.

Figure 10 (b) is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 10 (a), wherein the attracting field member also includes a phosphor coating.

10 (c) is a side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 (b), further including a light shielding layer.

Figure 11 (a) is a side view of a attracting field member approaching a homogeneous layer of microcapsules having a flat shape.

Figure 11 (b) is a side view of a attracting field member approaching a homogeneous layer of microcapsules having various shapes.

12 (a) is a side view of an embodiment of a manned field member showing a scanning laser used to record information on an optical magnetic coating.

12 (b) shows an embodiment of a attracting field member, showing the scanning electron gun used to record information on the phosphor coating.

12 (c) is a side view of an embodiment of an attracting field member having an LCD matrix, or a matrix of diode lasers, used to record information on the optical magnetic coating.

Fig. 12 (d) is a front view of the attracting field member shown in Fig. 12 (c).

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment in which galvanoscanners are used to scan a laser beam on a attracted field member. FIG.

14 shows an embodiment showing a attracting field member composed of a rotating drum.

Fig. 15A is a perspective view showing an embodiment in which a manned field generating light source is interposed in a concave rotating drum.

Figure 15 (b) is a side view of the embodiment of Figure 15 (a) showing microcapsules accessed on a rotating drum and exposed in image form.

Figure 16 (a) is an isolated view of a light source configured as an LED or diode laser matrix.

Fig. 16B is an isolation view of a light source configured as a liquid crystal light valve.

Fig. 16C is an isolation view of a light source configured as a CRT.

16 (d) is an exploded view of a light source configured in an arrangement of optical fiber cable ends.

(Technical Challenges)

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. It is an object of the present invention to provide a printer for forming an electronic device using a microencapsulated electrically active material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a thin, light weight, bright, wireless display.

(Technical solution)

According to the present invention, a local variable attracting field member is provided for selectively attracting field attraction microcapsules. The locally variable attracting field member is controlled to selectively apply a attracting field at locations such that a layer of field attracting microcapsules can be formed. The field attracting microcapsules include an electrically reactive material. A predetermined electronic circuit can be formed according to the configuration and dimensions of the field attraction microcapsules. The locally variable attracting field member has an optoelectronic and / or magneto-optical coating formed thereon to generate a attracting field in response to light acting on the coating. The coating can be etched into pixels.

The light beam may be irradiated to act on the coating to generate a magnetic field and / or an electrostatic field to form individual attracting fields at corresponding discrete locations on the locally variable attracting field member. The directing means may comprise a plurality of optical fiber light guides. The directing means is a light beam source for generating a light beam and the at least one photovoltaic and / or for generating a attracting field for forming individual attracting fields at corresponding individual positions of the at least one optoelectronic and magneto-optic coating. It may further comprise scanning means for scanning the light beam on a magneto-optical coating. The locally variable attracting field member further comprises a light emitting coating on the substrate for generating light, wherein the generated light is applied to at least one of the optoelectronic and magneto-optic coatings to generate at least one of an electrostatic field and a magnetic attraction field. Works. The field attraction microcapsules may be magnetically attracted while the local variable attracting field member further includes magnetic field applying means for applying each local attraction field as a magnetic attraction field. The field attracting microcapsules may be electrostatically attracted while the local variable attracting field member further comprises electrostatic field application means for applying each local attracting field as an electrostatic attracting field. At least some of the field attracting microcapsules may comprise at least one of a thermally expandable and heat soluble composition. Accordingly, the manufactured device has selective densities and dimensions that affect the desirable electrical properties of the manufactured electronic device.

According to the invention, a method is provided for forming a thin, lightweight display having components that can be produced by a printing method. The support substrate is provided to form a support structure in which the components can be manufactured by the microcapsule printing method. The display layer is formed comprising light emitting pixels for displaying information. The luminescent pixels are produced by printing a pixel pattern of luminescent conductive polymer microcapsules. The electronic circuit layer is formed including electronic devices fabricated by printing patterns of electrically reactive microcapsules at discrete locations on the support substrate. The user input layer receives user input and generates user input signals, the user input layer being manufactured by printing a grid of conductive elements. Each conductive element is effective for generating a detectable electrical signal when a magnetic field passes through the conductive element. The battery layer is formed to provide electrical energy to the electronic circuit layer. The battery layer may comprise a first current collector layer. An anode layer is printed on the first current collector layer. An electrolyte layer is printed on the anode layer and the cathode layer printed on the electrolyte layer. A second current collector layer is printed on the cathode layer.

The display layer includes printed conductive leads connected with each light emitting pixel for selectively applying the electrical energy to each light emitting pixel under control of the display driving components. The light emitting pixels providing an insulating layer, printing a layer of y-electrodes comprising lines of conductive material formed on the insulating layer, printing a pixel layer of luminescent conductive polymer islands on the layer of y-electrodes, It is formed by printing a layer of x-electrodes comprising lines of transparent conductive material on the pixel layer.

The electronic circuit layer includes first radio frequency receiving components for receiving a first display signal having first display information carried at a first radio frequency and a second having second display information carried at a second radio frequency. Signal receiving components including second radio frequency receiving components for receiving a display signal. The display drive components include signal processor components for receiving the first display signal and the second display signal and for generating a display drive signal. Thus, the display of the present invention can simultaneously display the first display information at a first position on the display layer and the second display information at a second position on the display layer. At least some of the components in the battery, display, user input and electronic circuit layers are electrically active materials for forming circuit elements including resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. It is formed by printing. Other conventionally manufactured circuit components can be mounted to printed conductive leads by using soldering or conductive adhesives.

According to the method of the invention, the substrate is provided with components having an upper surface for forming a support structure which can be produced by a microcapsule printing method. The layer of field attraction microcapsules is attracted to individual locations on the substrate. The field attracting microcapsules are composed of an electrically reactive material. Thus, the predetermined electronic circuit component can be formed according to the configuration and dimensions of the layer of field attracting microcapsules. The electrically active material has electrical properties of circuit elements such as conductors, insulators, resistors, semiconductors, inductors, magnetic materials, piezoelectric materials, optoelectronic materials, or thermoelectric materials. The layer of field attracting microcapsules may have multiple levels of microcapsules configured to form the desired three-dimensional shape. The electronic circuit component manufactured by the method of the present invention has electrical properties according to the configuration of the multiple levels of the constructed microcapsule layer and the dimensions of the three-dimensional shape.

For purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present invention, reference is made to the embodiments shown in the drawings and specific language will be used for the same description. It is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited, and that modifications and variations of the illustrated apparatus are possible, and that other applications of the principles of the invention described herein may be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

1, an embodiment of the printer 10 of the present invention is shown. The printer 10 forms an electronic circuit, such as a thin, bright, light and flexible display by the formation and curing of layers of electronically active microcapsules. The construction of the electronically active microcapsules will be described in detail below.

The microcapsule printer 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises image receiving means 12 for receiving an electronic circuit fiber preform in a layer of electronically active microcapsules. The electronic circuit fiber base material becomes an electronic circuit when curing or developing a layer of microcapsules. The image receiving means 12 comprise a locally variable attracting field plate 14. The electronic circuit fiber matrix may be in the form of a complete electronic circuit including elements such as wireless lines, display pixels, separate electronic components, and the like. For example, the microcapsules may optionally include a conductive, flexible, semiconducting or resistive inner surface. By forming electronic circuits of many separate electromagnetic components each printed from microcapsules with appropriate electrical properties, electronic circuits such as thin, bright, soluble displays can be constructed by the printing methods described herein.

The image receiving means 12 also controls for controlling the local variable attracting field plate 14 to selectively change the individual local attracting field at corresponding respective positions of the local variable attracting field plate 14. Means; In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the control means comprises a computer, an electronic circuit or a digitizer for digitizing an image of circuit components reflected from the original, or any other input devices capable of supplying input signals to the processor 18. Include. The processor 18 processes the signals input from the input device 16 and generates a corresponding image received signal dependent thereon. The image received signal is received by a controller 20 effective for the local variable attracting field plate 14 which selectively changes individual local attracting fields at corresponding respective positions of the local variable attracting field plate 14.

In operation, the three-dimensional structure of the field attraction microcapsules 24 is formed on the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 to provide a three-dimensional structure with peaks and valleys as shown and described herein. Can be. Therefore, according to the present invention, a three-dimensional electronic circuit including three-dimensional electronic circuit elements specifically configured can be formed. In addition, the layers of the circuit may include through-holes and wiring lines connecting the layers to each other.

The printer 10 also has microcapsule supply means 22 for supplying a plurality of field attraction microcapsules 24 to be attracted to respective positions of the locally variable attracting field plate 14 according to each local attraction field. ). Therefore, the layer of field attracting microcapsules 24 is formed with a thickness that depends on the attracting field size at each individual respective location of the locally variable attracting field plate. The locally controllable thickness of the microcapsules enables an effective way of creating complex electronic circuits with electronic components having a wide range of electrical properties. As shown in FIG. 1, microcapsule source 26 supplies a plurality of field attracting microcapsules 24 that allow cascade between source and collector 28, as shown in this embodiment. Some of these cascaded field attraction microcapsules 24 are attracted to the local variable attraction field plate 14 because of the attraction field present at respective positions of the local variable attraction field plate 14. In the printer 10, to form a uniform layer of field attracting microcapsules 24, the locally variable attracting field plate 14 applied a uniform corresponding attracting field at every respective location. Thus, a uniform layer 30 can be formed and used to form a foundation with precisely controlled mechanical, electromagnetic and chemical properties.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the collector 28 is sufficiently attracted to the locally variable attracting field plate 14 to be arranged as the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 or arranged to form a three-dimensional structure. A controllable variable attracting field source effective to attract at least some of the unattended field attracting microcapsules 24. Depending on the type of microcapsules used, the collector 28 may provide a magnetic attraction field or an electrostatic attraction field. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 by a rectangular solid line, the screen 32 is provided including at least the microcapsule source 26, the microcapsule collector 28 and a space therebetween. This screen 32 is effective to reduce the excess loss of cascading field attracting microcapsules 24. The screen 32 may include means for providing a repulsive force to direct the field attracting microcapsules 24 to the locally variable attracting field plate 14 or to the collector 28. A release coating, such as Teflon or the like, may be included to prevent the microcapsules 24 from sticking to the screen 32. Compared to conventional electrostatically attracted microcapsules or printer toner, as magnetically attracted microcapsules are used, contamination due to paper dust or dirt, paper dust and dirt is a magnetic attraction field. Since it is not magnetically attracted to the plate 14, it will have less impact on the re-use of microcapsules collected in the collector.

The printer 10 further comprises image forming means 34 for exposing the layer of electronically active microcapsules in image form when the formation of the latent image electronic circuit image 36 is required. For example, it may be advantageous to use a lightweight and reproducible microcapsule configuration that enables the formation of precise electronic components. Local attracting fields are effective in attracting the desired bulk of microcapsules to a specific location. The light and curable construction of the microcapsules makes it possible to precisely cure this bulk to obtain the desired electrical properties of the electronic circuit device manufactured. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the image forming means 34 comprises a radiation source 38 for providing an image carrying radiator 40 for exposing a layer of electronically active microcapsules in image form. The image carrying radiator 40 preferably comprises electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths, each effective for selectively forming a particular electronic circuit component from the corresponding electronic circuit component forming microcapsule mix. With this type of image exposure, electronic circuits can be produced through selective releasing and mixing of the electronically active material with other electrical properties. For example, the resistive portion of the resistors can be formed from microcapsules containing a resistive material, such as carbon, while the conductive portion (leads) of the resistors contain a microconductive material, such as a conductive polymer or metal. It can be formed from capsules.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the image forming means 34 comprises electronic circuit forming control means (which may use one or more of the same components as the control means). An input device 16 'is provided, such as a computer or any other device capable of providing input signals corresponding to electronic circuitry. Input signals are received by processor 18 ', such as a computer microprocessor, to determine electronic circuit forming signals. These electronic circuit forming signals are received by a controller 20 'that selectively exposes a layer of electronically active microcapsules in image form and controls the radiation source 38 to produce a latent image electronic circuit image 36. The radiation source 38 may be a CRT, LCD, LED, laser, or other electronic circuit radiation source and also includes a reflective radiation source that is reflected from the original and focused to expose a layer of electronically active microcapsules in image form. In addition, the fiber optic front plate CRT can be used to expose a layer of electronically active microcapsules in an image format. The optical fiber front plate is advantageous because it can be sharply focused, for example when the electronic circuit exposes the microcapsules. An example of an optical fiber front plate is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,978,978 to Yamada.

The microcapsule printer 10 further comprises image developing means 42 for developing the latent image electronic circuit image 36 to form the functional electronic circuit 44. In one embodiment of the invention, the image development means 42 comprises a heating source 46. The heating source 46 thermally ruptures the electronically active microcapsules forming the latent image electronic circuit image 36 such that the electronically active material in the microcapsules can be released and developed to form a functional electronic circuit. effective. Alternatively, the image development means 42 may comprise a pressure roller 46 ′ to rupture the electronically active microcapsules by providing a burst pressure. As will be described in detail below, the printer 10 can be used to form an electronic circuit having a three-dimensional structure, in which case it is preferable to use a heating source that ruptures the microcapsules to form a functional electronic circuit. . It should be noted that the developer may be present on the recording sheet in microcapsule format. Alternatively, the developer may be applied by spraying, dipping, or the like, or may be applied by other methods consistent with the prior art.

In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, recording sheet supply means 48 is provided for supplying the recording sheet 48 'to the image receiving means 12. As shown in FIG. The recording sheet 48 ′ is for supporting a layer of electronically active microcapsules and local field attracting microcapsules 24. Thus, the recording sheet 48 ′, which may be paper, synthetic paper, plastic, or other suitable media, is first placed on the operable surface 50 of the locally variable attracting field plate 14. Then, the control means controls the locally variable attracting field plate 14. The control means comprises variable means for selectively changing each local attraction field at corresponding respective positions of the local attraction field plate while field attraction microcapsules are cascaded from the microcapsule source 26. As such, the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 may be formed.

Alternatively, the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 may be provided on the recording sheet 48 'before the recording sheet 48' disposed adjacent to the locally variable attracting field plate 14. Then, an additional layer of the field attracting microcapsules 24 is provided on the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 at selected locations by varying the attracting field at respective locations of the locally variable attracting field plate 14. Can be. For example, the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer may comprise a layer of developed microcapsules. A uniform (two-dimensional) or non-uniform (three-dimensional) layer of electronically active microcapsules may be formed over the layer and then exposed to light in image form to form a latent image electronic circuit image. The encapsulated developer and the encapsulated exposed electronically active material are released by pressure, heat, and the like and mixed together to obtain the developed functional electronic circuit from the latent image electronic circuit image.

Alternatively, the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 may apply a uniform attracting field to the surface of the electrostatic attracting means 70 disposed adjacent to the surface of the locally variable attracting field plate 14, such as uniform static electricity. Additional microcapsules may then be placed at respective locations by varying the local attracting field. For example, a uniform electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 may be provided through electrostatic attraction, while an additional field attracting microcapsule layer 24 having a thickness that can vary with position may be a locally variable attracting field. It may be provided via magnetic attraction at respective selectable positions of the plate 14.

The printer 10 has a locally variable attracting field plate 14 for placing electronic circuits on the recording sheet 48 'in addition to the electronic circuits formed by the image receiving means 12 and the image forming means 34. It may further comprise additional printing means 52, such as another printer, which may be provided before and after). The other printer is for example; Laser printers, other microencapsulated printers, impact printers, thermal transfer printers, inkjet printers, or any other suitable printer. Thus, a combination of forms of printed electronic circuitry can be provided on a single recording sheet 48 ". For example, the substrate and OLED portion of a light, bright, flexible display can be printed using an inkjet printer. Another circuit arrangement, such as a battery portion, which can be printed on 48 ', and then including electrodes via a chemical electrolyte, can be printed using the same image recording means 12 and image forming means 34 described herein. It can be printed on the recording sheet 48 '.

2 (a) and 2 (b), another embodiment of the microcapsule supply means 22 is shown. In the present embodiment, the microcapsule supply means 22 is configured such that at least some of the plurality of field attracting microcapsules 24 form the layer of the field attracting microcapsules 24. Microcapsule containing means 80 for containing said plurality of field attracting microcapsules 24 at a location adjacent said locally variable attracting field plate 14 so as to be attracted to respective positions of (14). . The field attracted microcapsules 24 may be in a dry form in which the microcapsules are not dispersed in the dispersion liquid 82, or as shown, in a wet form in which the microcapsules are dispersed in the dispersion liquid 82. Can be. In addition, the dispersion liquid 82 may be shaken, for example by a fluid pump (not shown), to maintain a uniform statistical distribution of microcapsules dispersed therein.

As shown in FIG. 2 (b), upon application of a uniform attracting field (such as a uniform magnetic field or a uniform electrostatic field), the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 is formed of a locally variable attracting field plate 14. It is formed on the operable surface 50. Upon application of the non-uniform attracting field, the microcapsule layer (which may include electronically active microcapsules for electronic circuit formation) is formed of local attracting field microcapsules 24.

With reference to FIGS. 3A-3C, a schematic of one of various methods of forming an electronic circuit having a three-dimensional structure is shown. In accordance with the present invention, it should be noted that many other methods of achieving the desired results may be used, some of which are described herein. However, it should also be noted that these figures and other methods of obtaining the preferred electronic circuits using the invention described herein illustrate various components of alternative combinations within the spirit of the invention.

FIG. 3A shows a side view of a locally variable attracting field plate 14 having a flat microcapsule layer 30 formed thereon. The flat microcapsule layer may be formed on the recording sheet 48 '(shown in FIG. 1) or may be formed directly on the operable surface 50 of the locally variable attracting field plate 14 and the electrons. It serves as a substrate on which circuits are formed. In this case, upon curing, if an appropriate microcapsule configuration is selected, the magnetic support structure can be formed of cured and developed microcapsules that can alternatively be moved to the support sheet or simply left as its support. . This flat microcapsule layer 30 may be formed by applying a uniform electrostatic or uniform magnetic field to attract microcapsules and may not be necessary depending on the application.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the formation of the three-dimensional structure of the electronic circuit forming microcapsules may include, for example, wiring leads, antennas, RF receiving components, RF transmission components, optical response, and the like. Peaks and valleys that produce semiconductor devices such as active circuit elements, resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, and the like. 3 (b) also shows a radiation source 38 that emits a three dimensional structure of electronic circuit forming microcapsules with exposure in the form of an image of image carrying radiation. 3 (c) shows the three-dimensional structure of the electronic circuit forming microcapsules after being developed and cured. The formed electronic circuits may include capacitors, resistors, wiring lines, coils, multilayer batteries, and any other circuit that can be fabricated using the microencapsulated material applied in accordance with the present invention.

With reference to FIGS. 4A-4D, various configurations of microcapsules used in the present invention are shown. It should be noted that these specific configurations are merely illustrative and do not limit the possible configurations of the microcapsules. According to an embodiment of the present invention, various forms of microcapsules are provided including a configuration that can be used to form an electronic circuit component. Depending on the step inside the microcapsules or the configuration of the shell, they are electrostatic and / or magnetically attracting. Thus, these microcapsules can be used in the printer of the present invention for forming electronic circuits using the printing method of the present invention.

For example, the inner surfaces of the microcapsules may contain conductive materials such as metal or conductive polymers, resistive materials such as carbon, non-flexible materials, such as non-conductive polymers, and / or semiconducting materials. Microcapsules may contain a material having only one such electrical property or may contain a single material having a mixture of materials or a combination of electrical properties. In addition, the shell of the microcapsules can also contribute its electromagnetic or mechanical properties to the finally formed electrical circuit. For example, the shell of the microcapsules may be composed of a hard or hard material which contributes the desired support strength to the printed object according to the invention. Compared to the electromagnetically active microcapsules used in inkjet printing of electronic devices, the microcapsules and printing method and apparatus of the present invention provide a more effective means for producing functional electronic circuits. According to the present invention, as described herein, various electrical components can be quickly formed from field attracted microcapsules selectively attracted to the desired three-dimensional form. In an inkjet printing method of forming an electrical component, sequential passes and spraying of the ink allow to slowly form the desired thickness of the electromagnetically reactive material. This process allows relatively many microcapsules to be attracted to form the required three-dimensional structure by increasing the local attracting field strength at the desired locations, thus forming the functional components of the operating electronic circuit using the printing method of the present invention. It is slow compared to the present invention.

The construction of such microcapsules can include electrostatically attracted material, so that electrostatic attracting components of an embodiment of the printer of the present invention can be used. The shell of the microcapsules may be a heat meltable substance that is at least relatively semi-regid upon curing of the functional electronic circuit and forms a strong integrated structure.

In FIG. 4B, the configuration of the battery or capacitor forming microcapsules is shown. A battery generally consists of an anode portion and a cathode portion in which an electrolyte is interposed therebetween. According to the present invention, the electrical energy storage device can be produced by the field-driven microcapsule printing method of the present invention. In this case, the microcapsules may consist of the microcapsule wall and the inner surface. The microcapsules may have a configuration that includes a metal configuration M, or the interior may have a configuration that has a metal configuration M (or walls and interior surfaces may include configurations that include metals, such as nickel, lithium, lead, etc.). It may include. The electrolyte is encapsulated in a polymer shell (which may be a conductive polymer) as shown in microcapsules E. By encapsulating the electrolyte as an inner surface in the field attracting microcapsules, the printing method of the present invention can be used to easily form an electrolyte layer having a desired thickness.

In accordance with the present invention, a flexible battery includes the necessary capacitors, resistors, antennas, inductors, windings, coils, electromagnetic lead lines, full color OLED based display components, and all other components. Thin, light and bright displays are all formable using the field-driven microcapsule printing method of the present invention.

For example, flexible materials are durable, flexible and protective materials formed with various batteries, inputs, displays, and electrical circuit layers. The flexible material may be, for example, a plastic sheet composed of nylon, polyethylene, or other suitable material. The flexible battery is formed of a flexible material. The large area of the flexible material allows the battery to be formed with adequate energy storage capacity and very thin. The battery of the present invention is formed by forming layers of microencapsulated electromagnetically active materials that make up the components of a functional battery. The cathode portion is formed by forming the first cathode microcapsule layer. The encapsulated cathode material (displayed as microencapsulated M in FIG. 4 (b)) may be composed of the high purity manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2) inner surface M contained within the polymer shell. The first battery lead is formed by printing the electrode sheet using the printing method of the present invention. The first battery lead (electrode sheet) is formed on the first cathode microcapsule layer and the second cathode microcapsule layer is formed on top of the battery lead. The anode portion is formed by the first anode microcapsule layer. The encapsulated anode material may consist of the inner surface of the lithium-containing material contained within the polymer shell. A second battery lead is formed adjacent to the first anode microcapsule layer (the sheet electrode is formed using an electromagnetic conductive encapsulated material and the printing method of the present invention). A second anode microcapsule layer is formed on top of the battery lead. There is an electrolyte layer between the anode portion and the cathode portion. The electrolyte layer may be a highly conductive electrolyte in a polymer matrix. The electrolyte layer can be formed by microencapsulating the inner surface of the liquid electrolyte in a field attracting microcapsule shell (Microcapsule E).

As shown in Figure 4 (c), other field attracted microcapsule types can be used to form other electronic circuit components. For example, the magnetic grid of the present invention may comprise an iron core core disposed in a printed winding (in fact, the winding may be formed in a three-way spiral around the core core). Microcapsules F containing an iron material such as iron can be used to form an iron core core using the printing method of the present invention. In addition, non-ferrous materials such as aluminum (microcapsules nF) can be microencapsulated and printed using the printer and printing methods of the present invention to yield electronic components that are not pseudo magnetically reactive or pseudo magnetically reactive. .

4 (d) can be emitted in an image format to expose the microcapsules to generate selective curing and to allow the burst of the microcapsules using heat instead of pressure to generate selective curing. Such microcapsule configurations are disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,916,042. It should also be appreciated that other configurations of microcapsules that may be heat soluble for rupture may be encompassed by the present invention. For example, the microcapsule wall may be composed of a material that dissolves uniformly by heat application at a specific temperature. Thus, the developing means 42 may comprise a heating source 46 which provides this temperature to rupture the microcapsules and generate a functional electronic circuit from the latent image electronic circuit image without applying pressure. The developer (which may be needed as a catalyst to produce some electronic circuit materials from the microencapsulated precursor material) may be included in the microcapsule format and burst with the electromagnetically active microcapsules. In addition, a light source, such as a laser, may be provided for applying electromagnet radiation at certain effective wavelengths absorbed by the heat soluble microcapsules 84 to generate heat.

Referring now to FIGS. 5A-5C, a locally variable attracted field plate 14 in which each magnetically variable pixel consists of an upper surface of the core 64 of each individually controllable electromagnet source 62. Part of is shown. It is pointed out that this configuration is merely an example and also represents an electrostatic variable pixel and an individually controllable electrostatic source (in this case, the configuration does not include an iron core, but rather provides a plurality of individually controllable attracting field sources. ). As shown in FIGS. 5A-5C, the local variable attracting field plate 14 has a plurality of individual controls that make operative connections with corresponding respective positions of the surface 50, each of which is operable. It has an operable surface 50 comprising possible attracting field sources. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 5A-5C, the tops of the cores of the individually controllable electromagnet sources 62 operate as magnetically variable pixels.

These magnetically variable pixels are evenly spaced apart and the individually controllable electromagnet sources 62 can be packaged with magnetic insulating material such that the influence of each individual magnetic pixel is limited to the magnetic end effect effect on adjacent magnetic pixels. . As shown more clearly in FIG. 5 (b), some of the magnetically variable pixels are uniform or do not have a magnetic field 86. Another part of the magnetically variable pixels has a relatively weak incidental magnetic field 88, while another part of the magnetically variable pixels has a relatively strong incidental magnetic field 90. In the maximum proton field when the maximum current of one polarity is applied to the individually controllable electromagnet source 62, the zero magnetic field, the maximum negative current when no current is applied to the individually controllable electromagnet source 62 It should be appreciated that any of up to the maximum voice magnetic field when applied to the individually controllable electromagnet source 62 can be controlled to have a magnetic field strength that can be applied at one intensity. In the prior art, the magnetic field can be described as the north or south pole.

As shown in FIG. 5C, when a uniform magnetic field is applied to the magnetic variable pixels, a uniform electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 is formed. Alternatively, as described in connection with other figures, this uniform electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 may be formed by electrostatic attraction. Pixels with relatively weak incident magnetic fields 88 produce the form of a three-dimensional structure of microcapsules attracted to a relatively weak magnetic field. The three-dimensional shape of the microcapsules allows for the efficient formation of various electronic circuit components. The electrical properties of the formed electronic circuit components will depend on the configuration of the attracted microcapsules and the three-dimensional structure. Pixels having a relatively strong incident magnetic field 90 take the form of a three-dimensional structure of microcapsules attracted to a relatively strong magnetic field. According to the invention, since the number of microcapsules is formed, the final dimensions of the three-dimensional structure formed by the formed microcapsules depend on the intensity of the applied magnetic field applied through each of the magnetically variable pixels. Alternatively, the same structure can also be provided using electrostatically variable pixels to create an electrostatic attraction change on the surface of the rotating drum or plate, or in a known manner, using a laser printer engine. In accordance with the present invention, a laser printer engine will be available for printing electronic circuit elements by providing a toner configuration in which the content of the toner comprises suitable electrically active components. In this case, multiple toner sources can be selected and attracted to an electrostatic attracting plate or drum, each source having an appropriate toner configuration for the desired formation of an electronic circuit element.

6 (a) and 6 (b), a method of forming an electronic circuit element having a three-dimensional structure according to the present invention is shown. The structure of the microcapsules 138 is, for example, a three-dimensional structure 140 of microcapsules attracted to individual variable pixels having a relatively weak incident field and individual variable pixels having a relatively strong incident field. It is formed on the locally variable attracting field plate 14 to form structures having a three-dimensional structure 142 of attracted microcapsules. In this embodiment, the microcapsules are thermo-expansive and can be thermally expanded by heat application. Thermal expansion of the microcapsules can cure and reduce the density of the encapsulated electrically reactive material contained in the manufactured electronic device. Such control of device density may be convenient to enable the formation of circuit elements, such as resistors, with desirable electrical properties.

FIG. 7 shows a thin, light, flexible, bright, wireless display schematically showing simultaneous display of three received display signals. The thin, light, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention includes a flexible substrate to provide a support structure in which the components can be manufactured by a printing method. US Patent Publication, "Light, Flexible, Bright, Wireless Display," a co-owned, fully filed specification incorporated herein by reference, is the only effective method of transmitting display information to a single or multiple displays. The displays do not have to have substantial onboard storage or processing power. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, energy drain, bulk, weight, and cost typically associated with such devices are avoided, increasing the durability and convenience of the display. In addition, as schematically shown in FIG. 7, multiple streams of display information are simultaneously received and displayed. For example, a broadcast video content such as a television program may be shown in a first portion of the display, a personal video content such as a videophone conversation in a second portion, and the web page comprising a mapped hyperlink content in a third portion. It can be shown in the part. Most of the processing, networking, signal tuning, data storage, etc. required to produce such a set of displayed content streams is not performed by the wireless display of the present invention. Other devices, such as a central computer, A / V or gateway device, perform these functions, allowing the display of the present invention the opportunity for tremendous mobility and convenience.

8 illustrates some of the layers that form the thin, light, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention. The flexible substrate 210 provides durability, flexibility and protection with various battery, input, display and electrical circuit layers formed. The flexible substrate 210 may be, for example, a plastic sheet made of nylon, polyethylene, or other suitable material. The flexible battery 212 is formed on the flexible substrate 210. The large area of the flexible substrate 210 allows the battery to be formed very thin with adequate energy storage capacity. As described herein, the flexible battery 212 may be formed using the microcapsule printing method of the present invention, and the flexible substrate and the battery support sheet may be variously formed to form the support sheet on which the display and the electronic circuit are formed. It can be formed by laminating component sheets. Generally, the flexible battery according to the present invention includes a cathode layer 214, which may be formed of a cathode film. The cathode layer 214 may be made of high purity manganese dioxide (MnO.sub. 2) material. A current collector 216 formed of a metal foil or screen or equivalent is provided adjacent to the cathode layer 214. The current collector 216 forms a positive lead of the battery. The anode layer 217 is composed of an anode film having a current collector 216 interposed therebetween. The anode layer 217 may be made of a lithium-containing material. The current collector 216 forms a negative lead of the battery. An electrolyte layer 218 is interposed between the anode layer 217 and the cathode layer 214. The electrolyte layer 218 may be a microcapsule composed of a highly conductive electrolyte in a polymer matrix. The electrolyte layer 218 may be formed by injecting a polymer into the liquid electrolyte, or may be formed by microencapsulating the inner surface of the liquid electrolyte in a field-driven microcapsule shell, using the printing method of the present invention.

8 is a schematic diagram of a layer of the thin, light, flexible and bright wireless display of the present invention. The display of the invention is inexpensive to manufacture, but powerful and very effective. The flexible substrate 210 provides a structure for forming various layers constituting the display and allows a display having a high degree of flexibility and durability. The flexible substrate 210 may be, for example, plastic, paper or coated paper or other suitable material.

The battery layer 212 provides electrical energy to the electronic circuit layer 220, the user input layer 222, and the display layer 224 components. The battery layer 212 may include a first current collector 216 printed on the flexible insulating substrate, which may be the flexible substrate 210. Either anode layer 217 or cathode layer 214 is printed on the first current collector 216 layer. A microencapsulated electrolyte layer 218 is printed on the anode layer 217 or the cathode layer 214. The other of the anode layer 217 or the cathode layer 214 is on the electrolyte layer 218 and the second current collector 216 printed on the anode layer 217 or the cathode layer 214. It is printed. The dimensions of the battery layer 212 may be substantially the entire surface of the wireless display. Thus, a very efficient and thin battery can be formed. Since the battery will produce a signal shielding effect, it is possible to use an area smaller than the total area useful for forming the battery and to position the antenna to receive signals from most directions. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to use shielding and signal reflection capabilities to generate directionality of the received and / or transmitted signals. In addition, the battery layer 212 may be composed of multiple layers to increase storage density and tailor the electrical characteristics of the battery.

The wireless display also includes an electronic circuit layer 220. The components of the electronic device layer 220 may be formed using a printing method or may be formed using other techniques such as surface mount circuit assembly or a combination that depends on the circuit design with electronic components. The electronic circuit layer 220 includes signal transmission components 226 for transmitting user input signals. These user input signals are used to control remote devices such as computers, A / V installations, videophone devices, consumer electronics, lighting devices, and the like. The user input signals may be sent directly to a controlled device or may be received by a central device, such as a computer, and a computer used to control the device, as described herein.

The main feature of the present invention is to provide a thin, light, bright, wireless display that is inexpensive and easy to manufacture. In general, mobile displays, such as laptop computers or web pads, require substantial onboard processing power to receive, for example, wireless modem signals connected to the Internet and display web pages. It is an object of the present invention to completely eliminate the need for such processing power in a display, reducing cost, size, battery consumption, and increasing durability and efficiency. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, signal receiving components 228 are included in an electronic circuit layer 220 for receiving display information, and display driving components 230 are configured in accordance with the received display information. It is included to drive. As mentioned above, the signal receiving components 228 consist of devices such as RF antenna and receiver circuits, all of which are formed by creating a circuit of electronic components formed by the microcapsule printing method of the present invention. Can be.

The thin, lightweight, bright, wireless display of the present invention also includes a user input layer 222 for receiving user input and generating user input signals. The user input layer 222 may be a grid of conductive coils 232 that may be formed by a printing method by printing a conductive material, such as a conductive polymer.

The conductive coils 232 are effective for generating a current when a magnetic field passes through the coil. A detection circuit (not shown) detects the location of the induced current (such as in a conventional touch screen input device) and locates the user input.

The user input layer 222 may include a grid of conductive elements printed on the insulating layer 234. The conductive elements are for inducing a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field. The moving magnetic field is generated, for example, by passing a magnetic pen tip on the surface of the wireless display of the present invention. The location of the conductive elements with the induced magnetic field allows user input to be mapped. This mapped input is sent to a central computer device (shown) to enable hyperlink access to Internet content, handwriting recognition, drawings, highlighted display text, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 8, a display layer 224 including light emitting pixels 240 for information display is supported by a substrate. The display layer 224 is preferably made along the lines disclosed in the co-pending US patent application, "Thin, Lightweight, Flexible, Bright, Wireless Display," which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. The display layer 224 may be formed on other layers of the wireless display of the present invention. These other layers may be formed by a printing manufacturing method, or may be formed by other means. For example, all or part of the battery layer 212 described herein may be formed by stacking sheets of suitable materials such as anode, cathode, charge collectors, and electrolyte layers.

The light emitting pixels 240 of the display layer 224 may be formed by providing an insulating layer 234, such as a sheet of polymer sheet material laminated or printed on a layer of the display of the present invention. A layer of x or y-electrodes including lines of conductive material is preferably formed on the insulating layer by printing a conductive polymer on the insulating layer 234. A pixel layer of light emitting conductive polymer islands 240 is printed on the y-electrode layer. A layer of y or x-electrodes 244 comprising lines of transparent conductive material is formed on the pixel layer.

The display layer 224 may include printed conductive leads connected to each light emitting pixel to selectively apply electrical energy to each light emitting pixel under the control of display driving components. Signal receiving components 228 are first radio frequency receiving components for receiving a first display signal having first display information carried on a first radio frequency and a second carried on a second radio frequency. Second radio frequency receiving components for receiving a second display signal having display information. Display driving components 230 also receive the first display signal and the second display signal, and on the display layer 224 the first display information and on the display layer 224. Signal processor components, such as a DSP, to generate a display drive signal for simultaneously displaying the second display information at a second location. Using this configuration, the display signal can be received, for example, from a computer located in one room of the house and the second display signal can be received, for example, from a television set box located in another room of the house. Can be. The information carried in the two display signals can be displayed simultaneously, for example, enabling simultaneous web browsing and TV display on the wireless display of the present invention. In addition, the wireless display of the present invention can be configured such that three or more signals can be received and displayed simultaneously.

The display layer 224 may be formed such that three layers of pixel elements are formed on top of one another. Each layer consists of OLED pixels 240 that generate color light (such as in pixel 240 of a conventional color television). A full color display is obtained by controlling the on-off state and / or light intensity of each pixel 240. A transparent protective substrate 246 can be provided on the display layer 224, and the protective substrate 246 can be, for example, a clear, durable and flexible polymer.

In accordance with the present invention, at least some of the components in the electronic circuit layer 220 are electrically active materials for forming circuit elements including resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. It is formed by printing. This allows for a highly adaptable, efficient and effective manufacturing process and makes the device of the present invention inexpensive to implement.

9 is a display of an embodiment of a thin, flexible and lightweight bright wireless display of the invention made using a microcapsule printer. The figure shows the structure of microcapsule layers represented by circular microcapsule elements. Of course, in practice, these layers will be developed and the microcapsules will rupture. In the case of a laser toner, the microcapsules will dissolve and burst. In the case of a microcapsule printer, the microcapsules will be prone to rupture by pressure rollers or heating. Alternatively, some microcapsules not only require any development, but also have a configuration that allows unbroken or undeveloped microcapsules to be part of the manufactured electronic device.

According to the present invention, a thin, light weight, flexible, bright, wireless display with components that can be produced by a printing method is obtained. Flexible substrate 210 provides a support structure from which components can be manufactured by a printing method. A display layer 224 comprising light emitting pixels is provided for displaying information. The light emitting pixels are formed by printing a pixel layer 240 of a light emitting conductive polymer. The display layer 224 selectively applies an electrical signal to each light emitting pixel under the control of the display driving components, the light emitting pixels providing an insulating layer 234, formed on the insulating layer 234 Print a y electrode layer 242 comprising lines of conductive material, print a pixel layer of luminescent conductive polymer islands 240 on the y-electrode layer 242, and transparent conductive on the pixel layer 240. Printed conductive leads 242, 244 associated with each light emitting pixel for printing an x-electrode layer 244 including lines of material.

The electrode circuit layer 220 includes user input mapping components for receiving user input signals and for determining a physical location on the display from which the user input signals are received. The user input mapping components generate mapped user input signals. For example, components of the electrode signal detection circuit as used by the touch screen device can be used to detect and map received user input signals in response to the movement of the magnetic pen tip on the input grid. Signal transmission components transmit the mapped user input signals as wireless information signals from the wireless display of the present invention. Signal receiving components receive display information. The signal receiving components receive first radio frequency receiving components for receiving a first display signal having first display information carried on a first radio frequency and second display information carried on a second radio frequency. And second radio frequency receiving components for receiving a second display signal having the same. The display driving components receive the first and second display signals and the first display information at a first location on the display layer 224 and the second display at a second location on the display layer 224. Signal processor components for generating a display drive signal for simultaneously displaying information.

The signal transmission and signal reception components include well known electronic circuit elements such as antennas, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other RF circuit devices represented by electronic components 227. As well as the components of the other layers of the wireless display of the present invention, at least some of these devices can be manufactured directly using the printer and printing method of the present invention. Display drive components drive the display layer according to the received display information. These display drive components consist of well known circuits such as the drive circuit of a conventional LCD screen. However, conventional LCD screens use pixels composed of liquid crystal shutters to allow selective passage of the backlight. Each pixel self-illuminates when driven, eliminating the need for a backlight and reducing the complexity, cost and weight of all circuits compared to LCD technology.

User input layer 222 receives user input and generates the user input signals. The user input layer 222 includes a grid of conductive elements 232 printed on an insulating layer, the conductive elements 232 for inducing a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field.

Battery layer 212 applies electrical energy to the electronic circuit layer 220, user input layer 222, and display layer 224 components. The battery layer 212 includes a first current collector layer 216 printed on a flexible insulative substrate, which may be a flexible substrate 210. An anode layer 217 is printed on the first current collector layer 216. An electrolyte layer 218 is printed on the anode layer 217. A cathode layer 215 is printed on the electrolyte layer 218 and a second current collector layer 216 is printed on the cathode layer 214. In accordance with the present invention, many of the components in the wireless display of the present invention are electrically printed with active material to form circuit elements including resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors, and semiconductor devices. Is formed.

Specifically, with respect to the battery layer 212, the large area of the flexible substrate 210 allows the battery to be formed so as to be very thin with adequate energy storage capacity. As described herein, the flexible substrate and the battery support sheet are formed by stacking various component sheets together to form a support sheet on which displays and electronic circuits are formed. According to one feature of the invention, the flexible battery is formed using the field-driven microcapsule printing method of the invention. However, it should be appreciated that other printing methods may also be used in accordance with the formation of the flexible battery of the present invention, such as inkjet printing. In the case of inkjet printing, microcapsules containing the constituent parts of the battery of the present invention are dispersed in liquid and diffused on the flexible substrate 210 in the inkjet printing method. According to the invention, the battery is obtained by forming layers of microencapsulated electrically active materials that make up the components of a functional battery. The cathode portion is formed by forming the first cathode microcapsule layer. The encapsulated cathode material is a high purity manganese dioxide contained in a polymer shell (MnO.sub.2) It can be configured internally. A first battery lead formed of a metal foil or screen or mesh or equivalent is provided adjacent to the first cathode microcapsule layer. A second cathode microcapsule layer is formed on top of the battery lead. The anode portion is formed by forming the first anode microcapsule layer. The encapsulated anode material may consist of the inner surface of the lithium-containing material contained within the polymer shell. The second battery lead is formed of a metal foil or a screen or a mesh and the like and provided adjacent to the first anode microcapsule layer. A second anode microcapsule layer is formed on top of the battery lead. There is an electrolyte layer between the anode portion and the cathode portion. The electrolyte layer may be a highly conductive electrolyte in a polymer matrix. The electrolyte layer may be formed by microencapsulating the inner surface of the liquid electrolyte in a field attracting microcapsule shell. Each microcapsule layer may be cured or ruptured during the formation of each layer, or in particular if the pressure or heat rupturable microcapsules, the battery component microcapsule layers may all cure or rupture together after formation of the top layer. . Using this method, a thin, flexible, lightweight power source is provided using the microcapsule printing method of the present invention. Similar to the structure described herein, through-holes filled with structural material are formed using field-induced microcapsules containing suitable resin, polymer or other suitable material to add strength and prevent the stack of flexible battery component stacks. To prevent it. It may also be desirable to form the electrolyte so that it is only active for electrical generation after being encapsulated in an electrically insulating outer shell and developed by pressure rupture. Thus, devices such as RF tags or wireless displays can have long shelf-life while being activated for use in rupturing electrolyte microcapsules.

11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 248 used in accordance with the method for printing an electronic circuit described herein. The flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 248 is used in accordance with one feature of the present invention as a support sheet that may be composed of a thin, light weight, bright, flexible color display. The rechargeable battery components may comprise a rechargeable plastic lithium-ion battery. The battery components include a plastic member 250, which is formed by filling the plastic with liquid electrolyte. The final plastic electrolyte member 250 is generally 50% liquid and cannot leak. The plastic electrolyte member 50 is a positive plastic electrode 252 (which may contain lithium manganese dioxide) dissolved with aluminum mesh 254 and a negative (which may contain carbon) dissolved with copper mesh 258. It is interposed between the plastic electrodes 256. In accordance with the present invention, structural support substrate 260 is interposed adjacent to at least one side of the rechargeable battery components. The structural support substrate 260 may be a durable and flexible material, such as, for example, fiber glass, plastic, or other suitable material. Thus, according to the present invention, the flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 248 is a self-contained energy source for powering circuit elements and display elements of the thin, light weight, bright, flexible color display. Can be used to provide In this case, the flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 248 is provided as a substrate on which the rest of the present invention is formed. As will be described herein, all or part of the component parts making up the flexible rechargeable battery can be formed by the microcapsule printing method of the present invention. In this case, the energy source for the flexible rechargeable display of the present invention is produced using the same printing technology of the present invention as some or all of the thin, light weight, bright, flexible color display of the present invention. The final display is very efficient because the support elements of the display are used to store the electrical energy needed to power the electronics and display components, thereby saving considerable weight and maximizing space. Necessary electrode lands and conductive through holes (not shown) are provided to connect the rest of the electronic components to the battery.

Figure 9 (b) shows a grid of conductive coils that are part of the user input layer of a thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention. The user input layer constitutes a grid of conductive elements, each conductive element inducing a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field. Alternatively, the user input layer may include a touch screen formed by printing pressure or capacitance sensitive elements on an insulating layer. In some cases, the physical location of the user input is determined and control signals are generated and transmitted to the remote devices in accordance with the determined physical location. By mapping the positions of the hyperlinks displayed on the display of the present invention and correlating the hyperlinks mapped by the central computer with the position (if the layout of the wireless display changes, for example, of a particular screen such as a web page) When the location on the display is moved, the layout information can be sent to a display information transmitting device, for example, a gateway system in which a single server provides the Internet, audio and video content to many wireless devices.)

9 (c) is a diagram showing a magnetic pen stroke formed on a magnetic detection grid according to the present invention. As shown in Fig. 9C, the magnetic pen stroke is detected as a current induced in the coils of the user input layer. This detected movement of the magnetic pen tip causes the position of the user input to be determined. Information regarding the mapping and tracking of the magnetic pen strokes is wirelessly transmitted to the remote computer where handwriting recognition, hyperlink mapping and other useful processing takes place. The wireless display, or remote computer, of the present invention may also provide feedback to the user by controlling the display such that a visible representation of the movement of the pen stroke is shown using the detected pen stroke.

Various printing methods are applicable for forming the components of the wireless display of the present invention, including inkjet printing, or printing techniques such as the laser, microcapsules of the present invention. Conductive coils are effective at generating a current when a magnetic field passes through the coil. A detection circuit (not shown) detects the location of the induced current (such as in a conventional touch screen input device) to locate the user input. The user input layer may include a grid of conductive elements printed on an insulating layer. The conductive elements are for inducing a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field. The moving magnetic field, for example, is created by passing a magnetic pen tip on the surface of the wireless display of the present invention. The location of the conductive elements with the induced magnetic field allows a user input to be mapped. The mapped input is sent to a central computer device (described herein) to enable hyperlink access to Internet content, handwriting recognition, drawings, highlighted display text, and the like. 9 (d) is an enlarged view of the conductive coil, FIG. 9 (e) is an assembly view of the conductive coil, and FIG. 9 (f) is a sectional view of two conductive coils. Each of the conductive elements is formed in the shape of a coil terminating at the x and y-electrode ends with a grid of such coils comprising a user input layer. Formation of the coil grid by the printing method of the present invention requires constructing a conductive coil structure on an insulating support, which may be a sheet or a printed insulating layer. As shown in FIG. 10, an insulating material may be printed between the conductive portions of the coils to create a flat top surface to which another insulating layer (sheet or printed) is applied. On top of the insulating layer, an upper electrode layer is formed to complete the coil grid. Through-holes in the insulating layer allow the upper electrode to be electrically connected to the printed coil.

Figure 9 (h) is a cross-sectional view of the multi-cell support sheet formed from the rechargeable battery structure of the present invention shown in Figure 9 (g). The stack of flexible battery components 262 is interposed between the inner support substrate 64 and the outer support substrate 266. The support substrates provide durability and protection of the components of the display, as well as electrical insulation between battery elements and other electronic circuit components. Each adjacent flexible battery component stack member shares copper or aluminum with the adjacent ones. Structural material-filled through-holes 268 add strength and prevent non-lamination of the flexible battery component stack 262. The structural material may be, for example, a resin, a polymer, or other suitable material.

Another embodiment of the printer of the present invention for forming an electronic circuit in a layer of microcapsules will now be described. As shown in FIG. 10 (a), an image receiving means is provided for receiving an electronic circuit in the layer of the field attraction microcapsules 24. The image receiving means comprises a locally variable attracting field member comprising a glass plate substrate interposed with a magneto-optical coating 146. An information light source is, for example, a bundle of optical fiber cables 148 used to carry optical information, each forming an individual optical fiber pixel. The ends of the individual optical fibers are melted together to produce a glass plate substrate or a structure supported by the glass plate substrate 144. Further, the magneto-optic coating 146 may alternatively be an opto-electronic coating 146 that generates a uniform or varied electrostatic attracting field to attract the electrostatic attracting microcapsules 24. By varying the spatial relationship and intensity of the optical information delivered through the fiber optic cable bundle, the magneto-optical or optoelectronic coating 146 can attract field attracting microcapsules 24 on selected portions of the attracting field member. Are attracted to. According to the invention, the control means is adapted to selectively apply at the positions of the local variable attracting field member such that a layer of field attracting microcapsules 24 can be formed by selectively applying a local attracting field member. Operatively connected with an information light source for controlling the attracting field member.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10A-10C, the control means comprise the ends of the optical fiber bundle and apply light information acting on selected positions of the magneto-optic coating 146. The attracting field is applied at the positions of the attracting field member because it is effective to control the strength of the attracting of the attracting field member. When excited by light action, the magneto-optic coating is magnetically attracted by the magnetic attraction microcapsules being interposed on the attraction field member.

As shown in Figures 10 (a) -10 (c), the light beam is adapted to apply individual attracting fields at corresponding respective locations of the optoelectronic and / or magneto-optic coating 146. The length acts on the photoelectron and / or magneto-optical coating 146 to generate magnetic and / or electrostatic fields. Both magneto-optoelectronic and opto-electronic coatings 146 may be applied such that, for example, microcapsules 24 having different configurations can be attracted to selectively, electrostatically and magnetically to produce various results.

The optical information source may be a phosphorescent coating 150 that emits light in response to the actuated electron beam. The phosphorescent coating 150 includes black and white phosphorescent screens to provide high contrast, and may include gray shading to alter the magneto-optical and optoelectronic effects. The color generating phosphor screen can be used to provide color information, which will have various effects depending on the properties of the photoelectron, photogiver coating 146.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 (c), the light shielding layer 152 can be used to prevent unwanted exposure of the microcapsules 24 by light information used to control the attracting intensity of the attracting field member. . Alternatively, the magneto-optical layer and the electronically active material of the microcapsules 24 can react to light at different wavelengths to prevent permanent exposure of the electronically active material.

Referring to FIG. 11 (a), it acts on the magneto-optical coating 146 to provide a uniform magnetic field resulting in a uniform layer of microcapsules 24 having a uniform structure with uniform intensity and / or wavelength. Can be applied. In addition, by recording the electronic circuits at individual locations on the recording sheet, leaving the rest of the recording sheet, forming three-dimensional electronic circuits, and selectively forming electronic circuits at various individual positions in a series of electronic circuit forming steps. In order to produce various results, such as constructing a complex electronic circuit on a sheet, various intensities and / or light wavelengths may be used to form a non-uniform magnetic field resulting in a non-uniform layer of microcapsules 24 having various structures. Can be applied to act on the magneto-optical coating 146.

As shown in FIG. 12A, a scanning laser from laser source 156 may be used to record information on the magneto-optical coating 146 on glass substrate 144. The scanning laser can be phase modulated to selectively write information onto the magneto-optic coating 146 at selected discrete locations. As shown in FIG. 12B, the scanning electron gun 158 can be used to record information on the phosphorescent coating 150. In this case, the scanning electron gun 158 can be scanned using conventional magnetic field manipulation techniques, as used in conventional cathode tubes. Thus, the phosphor screen acts on the magneto-optoelectronic or optoelectronic coating 146 and at selected discrete locations of the attracting field member to form a preferred unexposed latent image electronic circuit image forming layer of attracting microcapsules 24. And / or produces a light emission that produces an electrostatic effect.

As shown in FIGS. 12 (c) and 12 (d), the LCD matrix 160, or matrix of light emitting diodes or diode lasers, records information in the magneto-optical and / or opto-electronic coating 146. Can be used. In the case of the LCD matrix 160, the backlighting may be provided to be spatially modulated by the light valve effect of the LCD matrix 160. The LCD matrix 160 or matrix of diode lasers (or LEDs) can be provided using known techniques for forming such devices.

FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment using direct current electric scanners 162 to generate a laser beam scanned on the magneto-optic and / or optoelectronic coating 146 on a attracting field member. To improve contrast and to provide separation of individual locations (ie pixels) on the attracting field member, the magneto-optic and / or optoelectronic coating 146 may be formed of pixels. By etching the coating 146 into individual pixels, the individual derived fields of each individual pixel are separated to reduce the effect on adjacent pixels generated by the field derived from each individual pixel. Will be further included in the field of law. Etching of the coating can be implemented using known masking / selective etching techniques, such as those used to make printed circuits. The laser beam may be pulse modulated to carry spatial electronic circuit information. The direct current electrical scanners 162 supply this pulse modulated laser beam to locations on the attracted field member to form a latent image electronic circuit image. Thus, the locally variable attractant field may be generated by forming the attractant microcapsules 24 in a uniform layer having a flat structure or a non-uniform layer having various structures. The latent image electronic circuit image generation attracting field may be generated by controlling the scanning of the laser beam.

14 shows an embodiment in which the attracting field member is configured as a rotating drum 164. The operating surface of the rotating drum 164 is coated with an optoelectronic and / or magneto-optical coating 146, wherein one or more laser beams are guided one or more lines at a time through the surface of the rotating drum 164 to form a attracting field. Scanned. In the case of multiple laser beams, separate beams can be modulated to apply spatial light information. In addition, one or more lines of fiber optic cables 148 may be used to send light onto the rotating drum 164. Alternatively, the electron beam can be used to generate various attracting fields.

As shown in FIG. 15 (a), the attracting field member comprised of the rotating drum 164 may also be concave and include, for example, a transparent substrate 144. An information-carrying light source, such as one or more lines of fiber optic cables 148, a CRT, a matrix of liquid crystal light valves (or other spatial light modulators), a matrix of LEDs, or diode lasers, is placed on the concave rotating drum 164. Interposed within the concave drum 164 at a location effective to radiate interposed optoelectronic and / or magneto-optic coatings 146. Light information passes through the transparent drum 164 substrate 144 and causes the photoelectron and / or magneto-optic coating 146 to locally vary.

As shown in FIG. 15B, the light information from the information light source 165 interposed inside the concave rotating drum 164 is such that the photoelectron, magneto-optical coating 146 is applied to the surface of the drum 164. A attracting field is generated (or on the surface of the recording sheet interposed on the rotating drum 164). As the drum 164 rotates, a layer of microcapsules 24 faces another information light source 165 (which may be configured to be described with reference to an information light source interposed within the drum 164). It is interposed. The other information light source 165 exposes the layer of microcapsules 24 in image form to produce a latent image electronic circuit image. The latent image electronic circuit image is then developed (not shown). In addition, the erasing device 167 may be used to reset the magnetic or electrostatic field of the photoelectron, magneto-optical coating 146.

16 (a)-(d) show various configurations for the information light source. 16 (a) shows an information light source configured as an LED or diode laser matrix 166; FIG. 16B shows an information light source composed of a liquid crystal light valve 160 having a black light source 168; 16 (c) shows an information light source configured as a CRT 170; 16D shows an information light source configured as an arrangement of optical fiber cable ends 172. The size of each element 174 in the array or matrix is exaggerated for explanation. Actual dimensions may vary depending on considerations such as cost, required resolution, space, and the like.

Claims (38)

A printer for forming an electronic device using a microencapsulated electrically active material, Locally variable attractive field member; And control means for controlling the local variable attracting field member to selectively apply a attracting field at the positions of the local variable attracting field member such that a layer of field attracting microcapsules can be formed, wherein the field attracting microcapsule Wherein the capsules comprise an electrically reactive material and the predetermined electronic circuit component can be formed depending on the configuration and dimensions of the layer of field attracting microcapsules. The method of claim 1, Wherein the locally variable attracting field member further comprises at least one of the optoelectronic and magneto-optic coatings formed on the substrate to generate a attracting field in response to light acting on the at least one optoelectronic and magneto-optical coating. The method of claim 2, And the at least one optoelectronic and magneto-optical coating is etched into pixels. The method of claim 2, A light beam is directed to act on the at least one photoelectron and magneto-optical coating for generating at least one of a magnetic field and an electrostatic field to form separate attracting fields at corresponding discrete positions of the at least one photoelectron and photomagnetic coating. And a directing means for directing. The method of claim 4, wherein And the directing means comprises a plurality of optical fiber light guides. The method of claim 4, wherein The directing means comprises a light beam source for generating a light beam and the at least one photovoltaic for generating a attracting field for forming individual attracting fields at corresponding individual locations of the at least one optoelectronic and magneto-optic coating. And scanning means for scanning the light beam on a magneto-optical coating. The method of claim 2, The locally variable attracting field member includes a luminescent coating on the substrate to generate light, wherein the generated light is applied to at least one of the optoelectronic and magneto-optic coatings to generate at least one of an electrostatic field and a magnetic attraction field. Functioning, printer. The method of claim 1, Wherein the field attraction microcapsules are magnetically attracted, and the locally variable attracting field member further comprises magnetic field applying means for applying each local attraction field as a magnetic attraction field. The method of claim 1, And the field attracting microcapsules are electrostatically attracted, and the locally variable attracting field member further comprises electrostatic field applying means for applying each local attracting field as an electrostatic attracting field. The method of claim 1, At least some of the field attracting microcapsules comprise at least one of a thermally expandable and a heat soluble configuration. In the method of forming a thin, light weight display having components which can be manufactured by a printing method, Providing a support substrate for providing a support structure wherein the components can be fabricated by a printing method; Forming a display stratum comprising luminescent pixels for displaying information, the luminescent pixels being formed by printing a pixel pattern of luminescent conductive poly microcapsules; Forming an electronic circuit layer comprising electronic devices formed by printing patterns of electrically reactive microcapsules at discrete locations on the support substrate; Forming a user input layer for receiving user input and generating user input signals, wherein the user input layer is formed by printing a grid of conductive elements, each conductive element having a magnetic field passing through the conductive element. Forming the user input layer, wherein the user input layer is effective to generate a detectable electrical signal when; And Forming a battery layer for providing electrical energy to the electronic circuit layer, the user input layer, and the display layer components. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery layer, A first current collector layer; One of an anode layer and a cathode layer printed on the first current collector layer; An electrolyte layer printed on the one of the anode layer and the cathode layer; And And a second current collector layer printed on the other of the anode layer and the cathode layer and the other of the anode layer and the cathode layer printed on the electrolyte layer. The method of claim 11, The display layer includes printed conductive leads connected with each light emitting pixel for selectively applying the electrical energy to each light emitting pixel under control of the display driving components, The light emitting pixels print a layer of y-electrodes that provide an insulating layer, the lines of conductive material formed on the insulating layer, and print a pixel layer of light emitting conductive polymer islands on the y-electrodes layer. And printing a layer of x-electrodes comprising lines of transparent conductive material on the pixel layer. The method of claim 11, wherein the electronic circuit layer, Receiving first radio frequency receiving components for receiving a first display signal having first display information carried at a first radio frequency and a second display signal having second display information carried at a second radio frequency Signal receiving components comprising second radio frequency receiving components for, and Generate a display drive signal for receiving the first display signal and the second display signal and for simultaneously displaying the first display information at the first location on the display layer and the second display information at the second location on the display layer; And display drive components including signal processor components for the purpose of forming a display. The method of claim 11, At least some of the components in the battery, display, user input and electronic circuit layers are electrically active materials for forming circuit elements including resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. Formed by printing a display. A method of forming an electronic device using a microencapsulated electrically active material, Providing a substrate having a top surface for providing a support structure wherein the components can be manufactured by a microcapsule printing method; And Attracting a layer of field attracting microcapsules to an individual location on the substrate, wherein the field attraction microcapsules comprise an electrically reactive material, and a predetermined electronic circuit component comprises the configuration and dimensions of the layer of field attracting microcapsules. And attracting which can be formed according to the invention. The method of claim 16, And wherein the electrically active material has electrical characteristics of at least one of a conductor, an insulator, a resistor, a semiconductor, an inductor, a magnetic material, a piezoelectric material, an optoelectronic material, or a thermoelectric material. The method of claim 16, The layer of field attracting microcapsules may be formed of multiple levels to form a desired three-dimensional shape such that the electronic circuit component has electrical properties depending on the configuration of the multiple levels and the dimensions of the three-dimensional shape on which the microcapsule layer is formed. A method of forming an electronic device having microcapsules. In a thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display that can be produced by a printing method, A flexible substrate having a top surface for providing a support structure wherein the components can be manufactured by a printing method; A display layer comprising light emitting pixels for displaying information, the light emitting pixels being formed by printing a pixel layer of a light emitting conductive polymer; Signal transmission components for transmitting user input signals to the display signal generator for controlling display information transmitted from a display signal generator, and signal receiving configuration for receiving the display information transmitted from the display signal generator An electronic circuit layer comprising elements and display drive components for driving the display layer in accordance with the received display information; A user input layer for receiving user input and generating user input signals; And And a battery layer for providing electrical energy to the electronic circuit layer, the user input layer, and the display layer components. The method of claim 19, wherein the battery layer, A first current collector layer; Anode layer; An electrolyte layer composed of a liquid conductive electrolyte and a polymer forming a leakage preventing electrolyte layer; Cathode layer; And A second current collector layer, And the battery layer is formed on substantially the entire top surface of the flexible substrate. The method of claim 19, Wherein the user input layer comprises a grid of respective conductive elements for inducing a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field. The method of claim 19, Wherein the user input layer comprises a touch screen formed by printing pressure sensitive or capacitance sensitive elements on an insulating layer. The method of claim 19, Wherein the display layer includes conductive leads connected with each light emitting pixel for selectively applying the electrical energy to each light emitting pixel under control of the display drive components. The method of claim 19, The signal receiving components comprise first radio frequency receiving components for receiving a first display signal having first display information carried at a first radio frequency and a second display information carrying second display information carried at a second radio frequency. Second radio frequency receiving components for receiving a display signal; The display driving components receive the first display signal and the second display signal and simultaneously display the first display information at a first location on the display layer and the second display information at a second location on the display layer. And signal processor components for generating a display drive signal for the display. The method of claim 19, At least some of the components in the battery, display, user input and electronic circuit layers are electrically active materials for forming circuit elements including resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. A display, which is formed by printing. In a thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display with components that can be manufactured by a printing method, A flexible substrate having a top surface for providing a support structure wherein the components can be manufactured by a printing method; A display layer comprising light emitting pixels for displaying information, the light emitting pixels providing an insulating layer, printing a layer of y-electrodes comprising lines of conductive material formed on the insulating layer, and said display layer formed by printing a pixel layer of luminescent conductive polymer islands on a y-electrodes layer and printing a x-electrodes layer comprising lines of transparent conductive material on said pixel layer; An electronic circuit layer including signal transmission components for transmitting user input signals, signal reception components for receiving display information, and display driving components for driving the display layer in accordance with the received display information; A user input layer for receiving user input and generating user input signals; And And a battery layer for providing electrical energy to the electronic circuit layer, the user input layer, and the display layer components. The method of claim 26, wherein the battery layer, A first current collector layer printed on the flexible insulating substrate, which may be the flexible substrate; One of an anode layer and a cathode layer printed on the first current collector layer; A microencapsulated electrolyte layer printed on the one of the anode layer and the cathode layer; And A second current collector layer printed on the other of the anode layer and the cathode layer and on the other of the anode layer and the cathode layer printed on the electrolyte layer; And the battery layer is formed on substantially the entire top surface of the flexible substrate. The method of claim 26, Wherein the user input layer comprises a grid of conductive elements printed on an insulating layer, the conductive elements for inducing a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field. The method of claim 28, Wherein each said conductive element is formed in the form of a coil. The method of claim 26, Wherein the display layer includes printed conductive leads connected to each light emitting pixel for selectively applying the electrical energy to each light emitting pixel under control of the display driving components. The method of claim 26, The signal receiving components comprise first radio frequency receiving components for receiving a first display signal having first display information carried at a first radio frequency and a second display information carrying second display information carried at a second radio frequency. Second radio frequency receiving components for receiving a display signal; The display driving components receive the first display signal and the second display signal and simultaneously display the first display information at a first location on the display layer and the second display information at a second location on the display layer. And signal processor components for generating a display drive signal for the display. The method of claim 26, At least some of the components in the battery, display, user input and electronic circuit layers are electrically active to form circuit elements including resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. A display formed by printing a material. In a thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display with components that can be manufactured by a printing method, A flexible substrate for providing a support structure in which the components can be manufactured by a printing method; A display layer comprising light emitting pixels for displaying information, the light emitting pixels being formed by printing a pixel layer of a light emitting conductive polymer; User input mapping components for receiving user input signals, determining a physical location on a display from which the user input signals are received, and generating mapped user input signals, a signal transmission component for transmitting the mapped user input signals An electronic circuit layer including signal receiving components for receiving display information, and display driving components for driving the display layer in accordance with the received display information; A user input layer for receiving user input and generating user input signals; And And a battery layer for providing electrical energy to the electronic circuit layer, the user input layer, and the display layer components. The method of claim 33, wherein the battery layer, A first current collector layer printed on the flexible insulating substrate, which may be the flexible substrate; One of an anode layer and a cathode layer printed on the first current collector layer; An electrolyte layer printed on the one of the anode layer and the cathode layer; And And a second current collector layer printed on the other of the anode layer and the cathode layer and on the other of the anode layer and the cathode layer printed on the electrolyte layer. The method of claim 33, wherein Wherein the user input layer comprises a grid of conductive elements printed on an insulating layer, the conductive elements for inducing a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field. The method of claim 33, wherein The display layer includes printed conductive leads connected to each of the light emitting pixels to selectively apply the electrical energy to each light emitting pixel under control of display driving components, The light emitting pixels provide an insulating layer, print a layer of y-electrodes comprising lines of conductive material formed on the layer, and print a pixel layer of light emitting conductive polymer islands on the y-electrodes layer. And formed by printing a layer of x-electrodes comprising lines of transparent conductive material on the pixel layer. The method of claim 33, wherein The signal receiving components comprise first radio frequency receiving components for receiving a first display signal having first display information carried at a first radio frequency and a second display information carrying second display information carried at a second radio frequency. Second radio frequency receiving components for receiving a display signal; The display driving components receive the first display signal and the second display signal and simultaneously display the first display information at a first location on the display layer and the second display information at a second location on the display layer. And signal processor components for generating a display drive signal for the display. The method of claim 37, At least some of the components in the battery, display, user input and electronic circuit layers are electrically active to form circuit elements including resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. A display formed by printing a material.