KR20020069859A - Method using liquid spawn to reduce growth time for mushroom mycelial grain products - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a method using liquid spawn to reduce growth time for mushroom mycelial grain products 30-50%. Therefore, it reduces production unit coast. CONSTITUTION: The method using liquid spawn to reduce growth time for mushroom mycelial grain products comprises the steps of: culturing at least one mushroom seed among dietary and pharmaceutical mushroom seeds in a liquid medium to form a pellet having 1-50 mm of diameter; selecting a gr4in from rice, barley, wheat, unpolished rice, beans, etc., and followed by washing and aerating it to 30-35% of water content; sterilizing the dried grain at 110-125 deg.C under high pressure of 1.5 atm for 60 minutes to manufacture a solid grain medium having 20-25% of water content; and inoculating 90-110 mL of the cultured liquid spawn into 8-13kg of the solid grain medium.

Description

Method using liquid spawn to reduce growth time for mushroom mycelial grain products}

When mushroom fungi are used as foods, medicines or other functional products (cosmetics, etc.), the fruiting bodies of mushrooms are used, or the mycelia are cultured in liquid medium in large fermentation tanks and extracted and purified by hot water treatment, acid alkali treatment or enzyme treatment. Commercialized in powder, tablet, injection, and drink form. Since these processed products are expensive, they have been limited for the general public to use, and to prevent adult diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, various cancers, hyperlipidemia and obesity caused by imbalance between meat and diet due to the improvement of living standard of modern people. Rather, it is urgently required to develop products that can be easily purchased and used by the general public by simplifying and simplifying the process rather than expensive processed products. In accordance with these requirements, the object of the present invention is to simplify the complex process of extraction, purification, separation, etc. during the manufacture of the product, and in the case of fruiting bodies of mushrooms, the production of cultivation methods for oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and enoki mushrooms is possible. Ordinary consumers can easily purchase it and consume it through cooking, but Cordyceps, Situary mushrooms, and Spirit mushrooms are very expensive because of the difficulty of cultivation technology and are impossible to purchase and continue to use. Some mushrooms, such as pine mushrooms, cannot be artificially cultivated, so their prices are very expensive and their production is extremely limited, making them difficult to purchase. In addition, the production of mycelium in large fermentation tanks by liquid fermentation technology is less efficient and requires expensive machinery installation cost. In addition, the liquid fermentation filtrate causes environmental pollution problems, which incurs additional environmental purification costs. The yield of mycelium by the liquid fermentation process can be expected to be about 20 to 30% with respect to the liquid medium, but the yield by solid fermentation can be utilized 90 to 100% by using the solid medium of the grain itself. As it produces economic benefits and does not produce liquid fermentation filtrate which is the main cause of environmental pollution, developed countries are focusing on establishing solid fermentation technology.

As the growth conditions of microorganisms, water is essential. Microorganisms proliferate the propagules more than 50% of the water content, but as the water content decreases, the growth gradually decreases and is significantly suppressed below 40%. Fungi are resistant to moisture, so they grow well under low moisture environments, and they do not have much difficulty in growing and growing even in water contents of about 18-32%. However, in the grain medium of the present invention, the water content of 30-40% through the sterilization process is reduced to around 20% through sterilization process, so that the growth conditions of the fungi are poor, significantly inhibiting the fungus growth when using solid spawn and the initial hyphae. It causes many problems with vitality and activity. Moisture contained in the solid medium is bound to the gel as a free solvent, bound with protein, sugar, ions, etc., adsorbed on the surface of the solid medium and present in bound water in the bound state. The number of bonds is a hydrogen bond with the carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl, carbonyl, or imide groups of the protein. Such bound water does not dissolve solutes and is not removed even when heated to 100 ° C. or higher, and therefore, microorganisms are not used. Therefore, if the water content in the sterilization process is reduced to less than 20% by washing the grain medium, the concentration of soluble solids is relatively increased, so the osmotic pressure is increased, the resistance is weakened and the fungus is difficult to grow.

The sterilization of solid medium is carried out by the convection of water vapor which is heat transfer. Liquid medium has a very fast heat transfer rate, so heat is transferred to the center of the medium in a relatively short time to remove microorganisms. It is very slow and needs to be sterilized for a long time. In this process, physicochemical changes of grains occur and carbonization occurs, and if the sterilization time is shortened to prevent this, sterilization is not complete and contaminated during spawning inoculation.

The chemical structure of the cell wall of the fungus contains polysaccharides as its main substance and combines proteins and lipids. Cell wall polysaccharides contain chitin and glucan, which is a long, straight chain of β-1,4 -N- Acetylglucosamin residues, and glucan is β-1,6 with short branches -1,3-A branched polymer whose main backbone is glucose. These cell wall components, chitin and glucan, act as physiologically active substances that exhibit various pharmacological effects such as immune activity, anticancer action, antiviral action, and antioxidant action.

Mushroom fungi have various forms of polysaccharides, which are heteroglucanic acid for shiitake mushrooms, lentinan for shiitake mushrooms, Choongcho polysaccharides for cordyceps, ganoderan for ganoderma lucidum mushrooms, crestine (psk) and oyster mushrooms for cloud mushrooms. Since it contains various polysaccharides such as silver lectin, these substances are extracted and purified to be used as anti-cancer drugs, health foods and cosmetics for anti-aging of skin beauty.

Mushroom bacteria contain more than 50 ~ 60% of polysaccharide as the main ingredient, and in general, digestive absorption rate is greatly reduced when ingested. Therefore, digestive absorption rate is increased by decomposing by hydrothermal treatment or decomposing enzyme, but it is troublesome and manufacturing cost through various processes. As it leads to the increase of mushroom mycelium grains in the same way as cooked rice, when mixing a certain amount of rice when cooking, there is a boiling time, as in the effect of hydrothermal treatment, polysaccharides are decomposed and the ingredients are deposited on the rice to make digestive absorption significantly. Promotes In the case of grains (rice, brown rice, wheat, barley, soybeans), digestion absorption rate is different even though it is boiled, but it is about 30 to 40%, which is low, but high temperature and high pressure sterilization in the case of mycelial grains purely cultured with mushrooms During the process, carbohydrates undergo chemical changes, mushroom fungi grow, and mycelia penetrate into grain particles, secreting polymerases to break down carbohydrates into soluble nutrients. When cooking is completed, the digestion absorption rate is improved to about 50 to 60%.

The present invention is to solve the conventional problems as described above, the object of the present invention is to easily purchase by the general public by developing an efficient solid fermentation process using a solid medium of grains and the development of a product that requires low cost It provides a method for producing mushroom mycelium grains of various grains cultured mushroom mycelium that can be utilized to significantly reduce the environmental pollution.

In addition, the present invention in order to produce mushroom mycelium grains to be used as a mixed grain to mix a certain amount when cooking the mycelium grains in the pure culture of the mushroom bacteria in grains while maintaining the properties of the original grain form of the cereal microorganisms It is to provide a method of utilizing a certain amount of liquid spawn that can quickly cultivate mushroom mycelium grains without growing.

Fungi are typically filamentous and each thread is a hyphae, which shows apical growth that grows only at the end. Mycelia continue branching at the back of the apical phase, and the resulting mycelium's reticulum is called mycelium. Heterotrophs require heterogeneous organic compounds as energy sources and carbon sources for cell growth. The cell wall prevents the fungus from ingesting nutrients by phagocytosis. Fungi absorb the simple soluble nutrients through cell walls and cell membranes and use them as energy sources. These soluble nutrients can help the growth of fungi when they are contained in the composition of the medium for fungi growth. When there is little soluble nutrients in the medium and the polymer material is the main medium component, the fungus secretes polymerases of the polymer material to the outside to make it soluble in low molecular form and absorb and grow. This indicates that a living environment should be created that does not affect the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, in the liquid medium, the temperature and hydrogen ion concentration conditions for the growth of fungi are not a condition that can not grow, living without any problems in growth.

However, it is a big technical problem in solid fermentation products in which the mycelia of the fungus, which must maintain the state of the existing granular form of grains (rice, brown rice, barley rice, wheat, soybean), which are the final products of the present invention.

This is because when inoculating fungi spawn on solid media of cereals, it has a great effect on the activity and growth of bacteria depending on the water activity of the surface of solid media. When seeded in solid media of cereals, the water content of the medium should be more than 10%. However, when the grains are washed and sterilized, more than 30% of the water is deformed in the form of grains in the sterilization process, resulting in the formation of large masses in which particles are agglomerated by the viscosity of the grains. In case of water content of 10-20% of water after washing grain, water evaporates during sterilization under high temperature and high pressure (121 ℃, 1.5 atm), and the surface of grain particles is discolored and carbonized and water content is reduced to around 10%. The lack of water activity at the time of inoculation of the spawn is a serious impediment to the growth and growth of the germ.

To shorten the sterilization time of grains in order to reduce the water loss, the heat resistant bacteria, apo (endospore), do not break down but linger, and act as a contaminant. Forming and polluting colonies results in economic losses.

Microorganisms predominantly incorporated into cereals vary depending on the environment, but Aspergillus spp. Fusarium spp. Monilia spp. Penicillium spp. Rhizopus spp. Tricoderma spp. Fungi such as dominates (종, fungi) are the main species, bacteria (세균, bacteria) as Bacillus spp. Prevails. These fungi are completely removed by sterilization at high temperature and high pressure (121 ° C, 1.5 atm). But Bacillus spp. If the sterilization time is not proper, the sterilization process is not completely removed. Overcoming the sterilization environment in the form of apo (芽胞, endospore) is developed when the environment is suitable for growth. It can cause contamination.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, the mycelium of mushroom bacteria (situation, Cordyceps sinensis, shiitake, ganoderma lucidum, spirit, throat) prepared by barley germination extract, yeast powder, glucose, sugar, peptone, carbon source, nitrogen source And aeration device, pH control device, temperature control device, stirring device, high temperature at 25 ℃ for 15 days in liquid medium containing corn cooking oil as anti-foam to use as a source of trace elements and remove bubbles generated when stirring Liquid seed spawned in a 30 liter fermenter equipped with a high-pressure autoclave, inoculum and media outlet is inoculated in a solid amount (grains of rice, barley rice, wheat, brown rice, soybeans), incubated in pure quantity, dried and then intact. To make a cooji to keep the rice cooked to provide a way to use a certain amount of mixed with grains or as a food additive when cooking rice.

<Example 1>

Each 10kg of rice was weighed by grain medium and soaked in water at 20 ℃ for 4 hours, and then the air volume was irradiated so that the moisture content of grain particles was about 30 to 40%. After autoclaving for 60 minutes at 121 ℃ and 1.5 atm in a high-pressure sterilizer, the sterilized medium is transferred to a culture room irradiated with ultraviolet sterilization lamp and naturally cooled at an average temperature of about 18 ℃. Incubate the medium, which has been cooled to room temperature, inoculate 100 ml of each liquid medium in which the Cordyceps mushroom fungi were cultured in a sterile inoculation chamber. As a liquid spawn, a natural medium composed of germinated barley extract, yeast powder, glucose, sugar, and tryptone was used. The preparation of the liquid spawn is carried out in a natural liquid medium, the fungi proliferated on a petri dish are finely cut to a size of about 1 mm to 2 mm with a cutting knife, and inoculated first to an Erlenmeyer flask and incubated at 25 ° C. for 7 days. When inoculating progeny into a triangular flask in a petri dish, inoculate the mycelium chopped into platinum loops to increase the density of the pellets, and rotate the shaker at about 140 minutes per minute to maintain the pellet size of 1 mm to 2 mm or less. Do it at speed. When the pellet is formed in a small size and has a dense density, the culture is completed, and 100 ml of the 30 liter fermentation tank is inoculated for the main culture including the aeration device, the hydrogen ion concentration control device, and the temperature control device. Rotate the rotational speed of the blade to about 450 per minute to grow into small pellets, and incubate the liquid spawn that can be inoculated into the grain solid medium at 25 ℃ for 15 days. After inoculating the liquid spawn incubated as described above in a state in which 100 ml of sterilized solid grain medium is filled in a 20 liter container, the inoculated culture vessel is transferred to the culture chamber and cultured at the temperature of 25 to 28 ° C. Incubate for about 25-30 days until completion. At this time, the relative humidity is maintained at 65 to 70% and an automatic forced circulation device is used to maintain temperature and humidity. When the culture of the hyphae is completed, it is possible to visually check the state of the mycelium mass of the hyphae formed on the surface of the culture vessel and the pigment of the hyphae deposited.

The cultured mycelium grains are detached from the culture vessel, and the agglomerated lumps are crushed and maintained in the form of particles. In the dryer, the mycelium grains are dried at about 40 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 5 to 7% moisture content.

The material used for the cultivation is a heat-resistant container made of PP synthetic resin. The inlet is formed of an inlet of about 5-7 cm in diameter to prevent air permeability and drying of the medium, and to prevent contamination of general germs, and also includes a synthetic resin sponge. The lid was used to remove the sterility and simplicity of the culture vessel and the inhibitors of growth.

<Example 2>

Mycelium of situation mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, spiritual mushrooms, and sour mushrooms were also carried out in the same manner as in the above example to produce mycelium grains in each grain of brown rice, barley rice, wheat rice, and soybeans.

The results of the analysis of nutritional enhancement according to the types of mushrooms and grain media are shown in the table below.

Table 1-1. Nutritional Analysis of Mushroom Grain Mycelia

※ Component content per 100g of sample

division moisture(%) Protein (g) Fat (g) Dietary Fiber (g) Thiamine (mg) Riboflavin (mg) Niacin (mg) Ergosterol (mg) Brown rice 11 7.2 2.5 1.3 0.3 0.1 5.1 0 Situation 7 15.4 4.5 8.6 10.1 0.23 49.8 14.8 Cordyceps Sinensis 7 14.8 5.1 7.8 12.3 0.31 48.1 15.4 Shiitake brown rice 7 13.9 6.4 8.1 13.1 0.28 50.4 13.7 Ganoderma lucidum 7 15.8 4.9 8.9 13.6 0.34 50.5 14.7 Oyster brown rice 7 16.8 5.2 8.5 14.4 0.35 51.4 15.8 White rice 14 6.5 0.4 0.4 0.19 0.05 2.7 0 Situation 7 9.5 0.6 2.1 4.1 0.37 28.1 10.8 Cordyceps Rice 7 10.1 0.8 2.3 3.8 0.48 30.4 11.8 Shiitake rice 7 9.8 0.7 2.8 4.5 0.51 29.5 10.3 Ganoderma lucidum 7 10.5 0.6 3.0 4.6 0.45 30.1 12.1 Oyster rice 7 10.9 0.7 3.1 4.9 0.49 30.5 13.4 Wheat 11.8 12.0 2.9 2.5 0.34 0.11 5.0 0 Situation 7 18.1 3.5 4.5 10.8 3.1 40.8 14.8 Cordyceps Constriction 7 18.4 3.4 4.7 8.9 3.4 42.4 16.7 Shiitake 7 19.3 3.8 3.8 11.4 2.9 48.4 15.4 Youngjimil 7 19.7 4.1 4.3 12.3 3.5 45.6 18.5 Nytarimil 7 20.4 4.6 4.5 13.4 3.8 50.4 20.1 Barley Rice 14 8.8 0.9 0.7 0.18 0.07 2.5 0 Situation 7 16.7 1.2 5.1 4.61 0.51 30.1 11.5 Cordyceps barley 7 18.1 1.3 5.4 4.15 0.64 40.1 14.1 Shiitake barley 7 17.4 1.2 5.2 4.51 0.59 35.1 16.3 Manor barley 7 17.8 1.3 4.7 4.38 0.61 38.5 15.1 Nerbori 7 19.1 1.4 4.5 5.01 0.62 39.1 13.8 Soybeans 13 41.5 17.8 4.5 1.03 0.30 3.0 0 Beans 7 50.1 19.4 18.1 18.5 9.1 25.4 10.1 Cordyceps Bean 7 53.4 20.8 19.5 16.4 10.5 26.8 10.5 Shiitake beans 7 54.8 19.5 19.4 18.4 9.7 27.1 11.1 Ganoderma lucidum 7 52.4 20.4 20.1 19.5 9.8 24.3 11.4 Oyster bean 7 53.4 20.8 20.3 18.9 10.1 28.1 10.9

<Example 3>

The present invention uses a liquid spawn as an inoculum of mushrooms to quickly produce mushroom mycelium grains, and is in the composition of a natural liquid medium for the production of liquid spawns.

Probiotics grown and grown in Petri dishes should be smoothly cultured in the liquid natural medium of the present invention.

Sugar, glucose, and barley extract are used as carbon sources, and carbon sources are used as energy sources for the synthesis, proliferation, and metabolism of cells necessary for the growth of fungi, and are composed of constituents that form the backbone of molecules necessary for metabolism.

Generally, potato extraction medium, rice flour, corn flour, and starch are used as carbon sources. However, since carbohydrates are insoluble materials that are insoluble in water, the color of the liquid medium becomes very blurred, making it difficult to identify immediately when contaminated with bacteria during liquid culture. do. If liquid seed is used as a secondary inoculum without confirmation of bacterial contamination, contamination of the solid grain medium will cause a great economic loss. Therefore, the present invention significantly reduces the medium content of insoluble carbohydrates in the composition of natural products using germinated barley extracts, so that bacterial contamination can be observed immediately. Germinated barley extracts are required for the growth of microorganisms and microorganisms. It is in the role of supplying a small amount of nitrogen source. As a carbon source, glucose and sugar are used to satisfy energy metabolism.

Yeast powder and tryptone are used as the nitrogen source. When the nitrogen source is used excessively, it acts as a contaminant of bacteria and it is not preferable because the growth of mycelia does not change much over a certain amount. Nitrogen source is very important for cell formation of genetic material and protein synthesis such as DNA, RNA, amino acid of fungi, and tryptone is a low molecular peptide form that bacteria can easily absorb and use. The nitrogen source is preferably used in about 10% of the carbon source.

In addition, when culturing liquid spawn, a lot of bubbles are generated depending on the rotation speed of the stirring rotary shaft, and it flows out to the air outlet to which the sterilization filter is installed. Domestic corn cooking oil is used to use vegetable oil as a vegetable oil.

The composition of the liquid spawn natural medium is shown in the table below.

Table 1-2. Natural Medium Composition

ingredient Medium composition (based on 1 liter) function Glucose 10 g Carbon element 2. Sugar 10 g Carbon element 3. Germinated barley extract (100g / 1l) 20 cc Carbon source, trace element 4. Yeast Powder 2 g Nitrogen source, trace element element 5. Trypton 2 g Nitrogen circle 6. Corn Cooking Oil 5 cc Anti foam (foam prevention) 7. Other distilled water Remainder -

The present invention is inoculated with a certain amount of edible mushrooms and medicinal mushrooms that produce various physiologically active substances and nutrients in a solid grain medium to cultivate pure, and then dried to produce grains and food additives to increase the nutritional value of grains It improves nutritional deficiency in grains and prevents and improves various adult diseases such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, vascular disease, hyperlipidemia, which are the main causes of death in adults in their 40s and 50s. Through this, it can contribute to the promotion of national health, and the general public can easily pursue and pursue a healthy health life through the diet at low cost without ingesting expensive health foods or pharmaceuticals.

In the case of using low-water seeds for grains, which are solid medium, low vitality, low vitality and stickiness, and mycelial growth of low-grade water, but when a certain amount of liquid seedlings are used, the growth period of low water is overcome and the growth period is over 50 It reduces the manufacturing cost by more than%, which brings economic benefit.

Claims (2)

At least one mushroom from among edible and medicinal mushrooms consisting of Pleurotus eryngii, Shiitake fungus, Ganoderma lucidum fungus, Situary fungus, Cordyceps fungus, Matsutake fungus, New age fungus and soybean fungus, 10mm ~ Culturing with a liquid seed having a pellet of about 50 mm (S1); Selecting at least one grain from a group of solid grains consisting of rice, barley rice, wheat, brown rice, beans, and the like and drying the air until the water content is 30 to 35% (S2); A step of making a solid grain medium having a water content of about 20 to 25 ° C. by sterilizing the grains dried in the step S2 for 60 minutes at 110 to 125 ° C. under a high pressure of 1.5 atm; And, Method for producing a mushroom mycelia grains comprising the step of inoculating 90 ~ 110ml of the liquid spawn cultured in step S1 per 8-13kg of the solid grain medium prepared in step S3. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid medium in step S1 is prepared by mixing 20 g of barley germination extract (100 g / L), 10 g of glucose, 10 g of sugar, 2 g of yeast powder, 2 g of krypton, 5 cc of anti-foam corn oil in distilled water. Method for producing mushroom mycelium grains.