KR20020037387A - 중합 촉매로 적합한 카베늄 양이온성 착물 - Google Patents
중합 촉매로 적합한 카베늄 양이온성 착물 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20020037387A KR20020037387A KR1020027005119A KR20027005119A KR20020037387A KR 20020037387 A KR20020037387 A KR 20020037387A KR 1020027005119 A KR1020027005119 A KR 1020027005119A KR 20027005119 A KR20027005119 A KR 20027005119A KR 20020037387 A KR20020037387 A KR 20020037387A
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- anion
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- -1 carbenium cation Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 101100054773 Caenorhabditis elegans act-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- BQZTYWHJXFLPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].CC1=CC2=CC=C3C=CC=CC3=C2C1[Zr+2]([SiH](C)C)C1C2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=C2C=C1C Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CC1=CC2=CC=C3C=CC=CC3=C2C1[Zr+2]([SiH](C)C)C1C2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=C2C=C1C BQZTYWHJXFLPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WGUFMSWOIOSDST-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].C[Si](C)(C)C[Ta+2](C[Si](C)(C)C)C[Si](C)(C)C Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C[Si](C)(C)C[Ta+2](C[Si](C)(C)C)C[Si](C)(C)C WGUFMSWOIOSDST-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003828 azulenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-AKLPVKDBSA-N carbane Chemical compound [15CH4] VNWKTOKETHGBQD-AKLPVKDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005517 carbenium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011951 cationic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;zirconium(2+) Chemical compound [Zr+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOBNKAOAIBDHEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloroniobium Chemical compound Cl[Nb]Cl XOBNKAOAIBDHEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KNLGRGALOHHVOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);methanidylbenzene Chemical compound [Hf+4].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 KNLGRGALOHHVOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSLMQGXOMLSFAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylbenzene;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 QSLMQGXOMLSFAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWAIAZCEPCBUON-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-icosyl-n-methylicosan-1-amine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CWAIAZCEPCBUON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002848 norbornenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052990 silicon hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005353 silylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007613 slurry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001374 small-angle light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L titanium(ii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+2] ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XBEXIHMRFRFRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC XBEXIHMRFRFRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical compound CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconocene dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zr+4].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0805—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising only Si, C or H atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/022—Boron compounds without C-boron linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16094199P | 1999-10-22 | 1999-10-22 | |
| US16094299P | 1999-10-22 | 1999-10-22 | |
| US60/160,941 | 1999-10-22 | ||
| US60/160,942 | 1999-10-22 | ||
| PCT/US2000/029093 WO2001030785A1 (en) | 1999-10-22 | 2000-10-20 | Carbenium cationic complexes suitable for polymerization catalysts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20020037387A true KR20020037387A (ko) | 2002-05-18 |
Family
ID=26857361
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020027005119A Ceased KR20020037387A (ko) | 1999-10-22 | 2000-10-20 | 중합 촉매로 적합한 카베늄 양이온성 착물 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1240170B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2003512515A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20020037387A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1205214C (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE327241T1 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR0014798A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2387874A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60028242T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2263497T3 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02004002A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2001030785A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6475946B1 (en) | 1999-10-22 | 2002-11-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization catalysis with aryl substituted carbenium cationic complexes |
| JP5688236B2 (ja) | 2010-05-25 | 2015-03-25 | 出光興産株式会社 | 触媒組成物及び当該触媒組成物を用いるオレフィン系重合体の製造方法 |
| KR101584027B1 (ko) | 2012-04-26 | 2016-01-08 | 미쓰이 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 올레핀 중합체의 제조 방법 |
| CN104672358B (zh) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-10-19 | 大连理工大学 | 一种催化极性乙烯基单体聚合的催化体系 |
| KR102635095B1 (ko) | 2018-03-30 | 2024-02-13 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 이핵 올레핀 중합 활성화제 |
| CN111918717B (zh) | 2018-03-30 | 2024-04-09 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 烯烃聚合活化剂 |
| JP7495880B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2024-06-05 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | オレフィン重合のための助触媒としての高溶解性アルキル置換ホウ酸カルベニウム |
| EP3774934A1 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2021-02-17 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Highly soluble bis-borate as binuclear co-catalysts for olefin polymerizations |
| WO2019191098A1 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Olefin polymerization activators |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3189175B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-02 | 2001-07-16 | 出光興産株式会社 | 芳香族ビニル化合物共重合体の製造方法 |
| US5502017A (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1996-03-26 | Northwestern University | Metallocene catalyst containing bulky organic group |
| ES2233109T3 (es) * | 1998-10-23 | 2005-06-01 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Metalocenos puenteados para la copolimerizacion de olefinas. |
| KR100572541B1 (ko) * | 1998-12-30 | 2006-04-24 | 비피 케미칼즈 리미티드 | 감소된 양의 용매를 이용한 지지된 중합 촉매의 제조 방법및 중합방법 |
-
2000
- 2000-10-20 ES ES00972306T patent/ES2263497T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-20 MX MXPA02004002A patent/MXPA02004002A/es unknown
- 2000-10-20 CN CNB008145822A patent/CN1205214C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-20 CA CA002387874A patent/CA2387874A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-20 BR BR0014798-2A patent/BR0014798A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-20 KR KR1020027005119A patent/KR20020037387A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-20 AT AT00972306T patent/ATE327241T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-20 JP JP2001533138A patent/JP2003512515A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-20 DE DE60028242T patent/DE60028242T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-20 WO PCT/US2000/029093 patent/WO2001030785A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-20 EP EP00972306A patent/EP1240170B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60028242T2 (de) | 2007-03-29 |
| CN1382147A (zh) | 2002-11-27 |
| BR0014798A (pt) | 2002-06-11 |
| ES2263497T3 (es) | 2006-12-16 |
| EP1240170B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| MXPA02004002A (es) | 2003-03-27 |
| WO2001030785A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| ATE327241T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
| DE60028242D1 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
| CA2387874A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| JP2003512515A (ja) | 2003-04-02 |
| EP1240170A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
| CN1205214C (zh) | 2005-06-08 |
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