KR102550723B1 - 질소 작용기를 포함하는 전극 및 그의 제조방법 - Google Patents
질소 작용기를 포함하는 전극 및 그의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102550723B1 KR102550723B1 KR1020210080073A KR20210080073A KR102550723B1 KR 102550723 B1 KR102550723 B1 KR 102550723B1 KR 1020210080073 A KR1020210080073 A KR 1020210080073A KR 20210080073 A KR20210080073 A KR 20210080073A KR 102550723 B1 KR102550723 B1 KR 102550723B1
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- electrode
- functional group
- carbon
- redox flow
- flow battery
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- 125000004355 nitrogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QALQXPDXOWOWLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N][N+]([O-])=O Chemical group [N][N+]([O-])=O QALQXPDXOWOWLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OMBRFUXPXNIUCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidonitrogen(1+) Chemical compound O=[N+]=O OMBRFUXPXNIUCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 vanadium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 2에 따른 탄소전극의 라만 스펙트럼 분석 결과이다.
도 3은 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 2에 따른 탄소전극의 XPS 분석 결과이다.
도 4는 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 2에 따른 탄소전극의 CV 분석 결과이다.
도 5는 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 2에 따른 탄소전극의 EIS 분석 결과이다.
도 6은 소자실시예 1, 소자비교예 1 및 2에 따른 레독스 흐름전지의 전류밀도별 방전용량 결과이다.
Claims (19)
- 탄소전극; 및
상기 탄소전극에 치환된 질소 작용기;를 포함하고,
상기 탄소전극은 그라파이트 펠트를 포함하고,
상기 질소 작용기가,
피리도닉-N(pyridonic-N) 작용기 10 내지 25 at%;
피리디닉-N(pyridinic-N) 작용기 5 내지 10 at%;
그라피틱- N(Graphitic-N) 작용기 35 내지 45 at%; 및
니트로(Nitro) 작용기 30 내지 40 at%;를
포함하는 것인, 레독스 흐름전지용 전극. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 질소 작용기가 상기 탄소 전극의 표면에 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 탄소 전극이 음극(negative electrode)으로 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극. - 제1항에 따른 레독스 흐름전지용 전극을 포함하는 바나듐계 레독스 흐름전지.
- (a) 반응기에 질소(N2) 가스를 주입하여 질소 분위기를 형성하는 단계;
(b) 상기 질소 분위기가 형성된 반응기에서 탄소전극 및 암모니아(NH3) 가스를 반응시켜 질화 처리된 탄소전극을 제조하는 단계; 및
(c) 상기 질화 처리된 탄소전극과 산 용액을 반응시켜 질소 작용기를 포함하는 제1항에 따른 레독스 흐름전지용 전극을 제조하는 단계;를 포함하고,
상기 탄소전극은 그라파이트 펠트를 포함하는 것인, 레독스 흐름전지용 전극의 제조방법. - 제9항에 있어서,
단계 (a)가 10분 내지 1시간 동안 20 내지 30 ℃ 온도에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극의 제조방법. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 반응기가 튜뷸러 퍼니스(tubular furnace)인 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극의 제조방법. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 제9항에 있어서,
단계 (b)가 1 내지 6 시간 동안 700 내지 900℃ 온도에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극의 제조방법. - 제9항에 있어서,
단계 (c)가
(c-1) 황산 및 질산을 포함하는 산 용액을 준비하는 단계; 및
(c-2) 상기 질화 처리된 탄소전극과 상기 산 용액을 반응시켜 질소 작용기를 포함하는 탄소 전극을 제조하는 단계; 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극의 제조방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
단계 (c-2)가 3 내지 5 시간 동안 -10 내지 20℃ 온도에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극의 제조방법. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 제9항에 있어서,
단계 (c) 이후에,
(d) 상기 질소 작용기를 포함하는 탄소 전극을 세척 및 건조하는 단계;를 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 레독스 흐름전지용 전극의 제조방법.
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
H. Gursu et al., "Preparation of N-doped graphene-based electrode via electrochemical method and its application in vanadium redox flow battery", Int J Energy Res. 2018;42:3851-3860* |
J. Biemolt et al., "Boosting the Supercapacitance of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon by Tuning Surface Functionalities", ChemSusChem2017,10,4018-4024* |
M.-E. Lee et al. "Synergistic catalytic effects of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on active carbon electrodes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries", RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 43227-43232 |
Z. He et al., "Effects of nitrogen doping on the electrochemical performance of graphite felts for vanadium redox flow batteries", Int. J. Energy Res. 2015; 39:709-716* |
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